First Report of Two Cone and Seed Insects on Pinus Flexilis
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Southern Pine Coneworm, Dioryctria Amatella (Hulst) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)1 James R
EENY325 Southern Pine Coneworm, Dioryctria amatella (Hulst) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)1 James R. Meeker2 The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles pitch masses are larger, appear irregularly-shaped, and flow of insects, nematodes, arachnids and other organisms for months. BTB pitch masses are typically less than 25 relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of mm in diameter, have an obvious entrance hole, solidify in interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well weeks, and are concentrated on the lower bole of large trees as academic audiences. (Barnard and Dixon 1983; Goolsby et al. 1972). Introduction The southern pine coneworm, Dioryctria amatella (Hulst), also commonly referred to as a pitch moth, is consistently one of the most damaging insect pests of pine seed orchard crops throughout the southeastern United States (Ebel et al. 1980). Less well-recognized is that this widespread insect also attacks other parts of pines (Pinus spp.) besides cones. Caterpillars can be found feeding on and in buds, male and female flowers, shoots, branches and stems of all ages and sizes, as well as in conelets (first-year cones) and second- year cones (Ebel 1965; Ebel et al. 1980; Goolsby et al. 1972). The prevalence of D. amatella infestations on forest and Figure 1. Adult and larva of the southern pine coneworm, Dioryctria amatella (Hulst), on a loblolly pinecone. shade trees pines periodically generates concern over the Credits: R. Scott Cameron, International Paper, www.forestryimages. damage it causes. The most noticeable symptom of an org infestation is large masses of pitch exuding from the feeding In addition to cones, susceptible host material includes: sites of caterpillars, hence the name “pitch moth.” Reddish- trees under stress, mechanically injured stems or branches, brown frass may also be evident at feeding sites and is elongating shoots of long leaf (P. -
Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) New to Korea
Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. Vol. 31, No. 1: 46-50, January 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.5635/ASED.2015.31.1.046 Short communication Two Species of Phycitinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) New to Korea Mujie Qi, Yang-Seop Bae* Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Korea ABSTRACT Two species of Phycitinae, Rabiria rufimaculella (Yamanaka, 1993) and Copamyntis martimella Kirpichnikova & Yamanaka, 2002, are reported for the first time from Korea. Rabiria rufimaculella can be recognized by having two reddish-yellow and short bands near the postmedial and antemedial line, and by the bifurcate gnathos and the cornutus which is formed by numerous thorn-shaped sclerites in male genitalia. Copamyntis martimella can be distinguished with the congeners by the uniformly distributed setae on the sacculus and the curved aedeagus in male genitalia and the peanut-shaped signum near the middle of the corpus bursae in female genitalia. The adults and genitalia of the species are redescribed and illustrated. Keywords: Pyralidae, Phycitinae, Rabiria, Copamyntis, new records, Korea INTRODUCTION SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNTS The Phycitinae are one of the largest subfamilies of the family Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758 Pyralidae in Lepidoptera, comprising approximately 5,000 Family Pyralidae Latreille, 1809 species in the world (Li and Ren, 2009). Leech and South Subfamily Phycitinae Ragonot, 1885 (1901) first reported 3 species of Phycitini from the Korean Genus Rabiria Heinrich, 1956 Peninsula; Okamoto (1924), Shibuya (1927), Park and Lee Rabiria Heinrich, 1956: 311. TS: Microphycita conops (1958), Park (1976, 1983, 1993), Byun et al. (1997), Choi et Dyar, 1914. -
Pine Shoot Insects Common in British Columbia
Environment Environnement 1+ Canada Canada Pine Shoot Insects Canadian Service Forestry canadien des Common in Serv~e forits British Columbia David Evans Pacific Forest Research Centre Victoria, British Columbia BC-X-233 PACIFIC FOREST RESEARCH CENTRE The Pacific Forest Research Centre (PFRC) is one of six regional research estab lishments of the Canadian Forestry Service of Environment Canada. The centre conducts a program of work directed toward the solution of major forestry problems and the development of more effective forest management techniques for use in British Columbia and the Yukon. The 30 research projects and over 150 studies which make up the research pro gram of PFRC are divided into three areas known as Forest Protection, Forest Environment and Forest Resources. These are supported by an Economics, Information and Administrative section and a number of specialized research support services such as analytical chemistry, computing microtechnique and remote sensing. Current research projecu, which focus on the establishment, growth and protection of the foresu, include: forest pathology problems, researd1 0f1 seed and cone insecU and disease, biological control of forest pesU, pest damage monitoring and assessment, seed and tree improvement, regenera tion and stand management. ISSN.()705·3274 Pine Shoot Insects Common in British Columbia David Evans Pacific Forest Research Centre 506 Wen Burnside Road. Victoria, British Columbia vaz 1M5 BC·X·233 1982 2 ABSTRACT RESUME This publication is an aid to the identification Ce document aidera a identifier les insectes of pine shoot insects on pines native to British Co des pousses du Pin sur les pins indigenes du Colombie lumbia. -
Reçine Kelebeği Dioryctria Sylvestrella
DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.16969/teb.75163 Türk. entomol. bült., 2016, 6 (2): 131-141 ISSN 2146-975X Orijinal ara ştırma (Original article) Reçine kelebe ği Dioryctria sylvestrella (Ratzeburg) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)’nın Göller Bölgesi ormanlarında zararı, biyolojisi ve do ğal dü şmanları 1 Damage, biology and natural enemies of pine stem borer Dioryctria sylvestrella (Ratzeburg) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Lake’s District forests Melike B İLENER 2 Mustafa AVCI 2* Summary Dioryctria sylvestrella is a pest that causes significant damage on the brutian pine forests of the Lake’s District, plantation sites. The morphology of this insect, the damage it caused under the field conditions in the forests of the Lake’s District, and its biology were explored while its natural enemies that were effective on the population were determined. They were found mainly on the lower parts of the tree trunks and led to the intensive release of resin. It was observed to have one generation in a year. The larval development of the insects took about eleven months and thus they overwintered as larvae. Starting from the mid-May, the pupae develop inside the resin released and the pupal development took three weeks, the adults flew throughout June depending on the elevation and the climatic conditions. The young larvae emerged from the eggs in late June. The larvae were observed to start feeding first on the barks of the trunk. Throughout this study. Forficula auricularia (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) and Raphidia ophiopsis (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae) fed with the larvae of D. sylvestrella were observed as the predatory species. As larval and pupal parasitoid, Brachymeria tibialis (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) and Venturia robusta (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) were determined. -
Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in the Southwestern Region, 2018
United States Department of Agriculture Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in the Southwestern Region, 2018 Forest Southwestern Forest Health September 2019 Service Region PR-R3-16-18 In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720- 2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English. To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. To request a copy of the complaint form, call (866) 632- 9992. Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by: (1) mail: U.S. -
Ecosystem Services Provided by Bats
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. ISSN 0077-8923 ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Issue: The Year in Ecology and Conservation Biology Ecosystem services provided by bats Thomas H. Kunz,1 Elizabeth Braun de Torrez,1 Dana Bauer,2 Tatyana Lobova,3 and Theodore H. Fleming4 1Center for Ecology and Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts. 2Department of Geography, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts. 3Department of Biology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia. 4Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona Address for correspondence: Thomas H. Kunz, Ph.D., Center for Ecology and Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215. [email protected] Ecosystem services are the benefits obtained from the environment that increase human well-being. Economic valuation is conducted by measuring the human welfare gains or losses that result from changes in the provision of ecosystem services. Bats have long been postulated to play important roles in arthropod suppression, seed dispersal, and pollination; however, only recently have these ecosystem services begun to be thoroughly evaluated. Here, we review the available literature on the ecological and economic impact of ecosystem services provided by bats. We describe dietary preferences, foraging behaviors, adaptations, and phylogenetic histories of insectivorous, frugivorous, and nectarivorous bats worldwide in the context of their respective ecosystem services. For each trophic ensemble, we discuss the consequences of these ecological interactions on both natural and agricultural systems. Throughout this review, we highlight the research needed to fully determine the ecosystem services in question. Finally, we provide a comprehensive overview of economic valuation of ecosystem services. -
University of Alberta
University of Alberta Seasonal phenology and reproductive behaviour of Dioryctria species Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in British Columbian seed orchards by Caroline Marie Whitehouse A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Ecology Department of Biological Sciences ©Caroline M. Whitehouse Spring 2011 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission. Library and Archives Bibliothèque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l’édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-70885-9 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-70885-9 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non- L’auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant -
Southern Pine Coneworm, Dioryctria Amatella (Hulst) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)1 James R
EENY325 Southern Pine Coneworm, Dioryctria amatella (Hulst) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)1 James R. Meeker2 Introduction The southern pine coneworm, Dioryctria amatella (Hulst), also commonly referred to as a pitch moth, is consistently one of the most damaging insect pests of pine seed orchard crops throughout the southeastern United States (Ebel et al. 1980). Less well-recognized is that this widespread insect also attacks other parts of pines (Pinus spp.) besides cones. Caterpillars can be found feeding on and in buds, male and female flowers, shoots, branches and stems of all ages and sizes, as well as in conelets (first-year cones) and second- year cones (Ebel 1965; Ebel et al. 1980; Goolsby et al. 1972). The prevalence of D. amatella infestations on forest and shade trees pines periodically generates concern over the Figure 1. Adult and larva of the southern pine coneworm, Dioryctria amatella (Hulst), on a loblolly pinecone. damage it causes. The most noticeable symptom of an Credits: R. Scott Cameron, International Paper, www.forestryimages. infestation is large masses of pitch exuding from the feeding org sites of caterpillars, hence the name “pitch moth.” Reddish- In addition to cones, susceptible host material includes: brown frass may also be evident at feeding sites and is trees under stress, mechanically injured stems or branches, often mixed with resin. Pitch masses caused by D. amatella elongating shoots of long leaf (P. palustris Mill.) and slash may resemble those of the black turpentine beetle (BTB), pine (P. elliottii Englem.) during the spring, graft and Dendroctonus terebrans (Oliv.). However, the coneworm branch unions, conelets infected with the southern cone pitch masses are larger, appear irregularly-shaped, and flow rust fungus (Cronartium strobilinum (Arth.) Hedge & for months. -
Scientific Names of Pest Species in Tortricidae (Lepidoptera)
RESEARCH Scientific Names of Pest Species in Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) Frequently Cited Erroneously in the Entomological Literature John W. Brown Abstract. The scientific names of several pest species in the moth meate the literature. For example, the subfamilial designation for family Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) frequently are cited erroneously in Olethreutinae (rather than Olethreutidae) was slow to be accepted contemporary entomological literature. Most misuse stems from the for many years following Obraztsov’s (1959) treatment of the group. fact that many proposed name changes appear in systematic treat- They even appear at both taxonomic levels (i.e., Olethreutinae and ments that are not seen by most members of the general entomologi- Olethreutidae) in different papers in the same issue of the Canadian cal community. Also, there is resistance among some entomologists Entomologist in the 1980s! (Volume 114 (6), 1982) Olethreutinae to conform to recently proposed changes in the scientific names of gradually was absorbed into the North America literature, espe- well-known pest species. Species names discussed in this paper are cially following publication of the Check List of the Lepidoptera Brazilian apple leafroller, Bonagota salubricola (Meyrick); western of America North of Mexico (Hodges 1983), which has served as a black-headed budworm, Acleris gloverana (Walsingham); and green standard for more than 20 years. budworm, Choristoneura retiniana (Walsingham). Generic names During preparation of a world catalog of Tortricidae (Brown discussed include those for false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leu- 2005), it became obvious to me that several taxonomically correct cotreta (Meyrick); grape berry moth, Paralobesia viteana (Clemens); combinations of important pest species were not in common use in pitch twig moth, Retinia comstockiana (Fernald); codling moth, the entomological literature. -
Zimmerman Pine Moth Biology and Management RICHARD S
Zimmerman Pine Moth Biology and Management RICHARD S. COWLES, VALLEY LABORATORY, CONNECTICUT AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Zimmerman pine moth (ZPM or a close christmas-trees/information/pest-fact- Connecticut moths. The closest match relative) has been found feeding on sheets/zimmerman-pine-moth), these (only one of the 516 nucleotides in the main stems of true firs (Abies spp.) in articles have focused on damage by sequence differed) was from a Michigan and Wisconsin (Jill O’Donnell, ZPM to two-needle pines, such as D. cambiicola specimen collected from personal communication). This damage Scotch and Austrian pines, and make British Columbia. It is easy to see how appears similar to damage on the main no mention of damage to the trunks of larvae feeding under the bark could stem of Douglas-firs throughout southern Douglas-fir trees. The uncertainty have been transported with asymptomatic New England that made trees unsaleable regarding the identity of the insect is nursery stock from the Pacific Northwest (Fig. 1). These cankers, when extensive caused by the great diversity of similar, to New England, where they completed enough, cause the tops of affected trees closely related moths that feed on conifers. development and reproduced. However, to turn yellow and eventually die. The Other species that appear to be close efforts to consistently distinguish species cause of this injury was revealed from matches to D. zimmermani include D. closely related to D. zimmermani via samples containing caterpillars obtained abietivorella (the evergreen coneworm wing coloration and gene sequencing in mid-summer. Younger larvae are a moth), D. pseudotsugella, D. -
FIR CONEWORM (Dioryctria Abietivorella)
Cone and Seed Insect Pest Leaflet No. 3 British Columbia Ministry of Forests and Range, Tree Improvement Branch, Saanichton, BC FIR CONEWORM (Dioryctria abietivorella) Dioryctria abietivorella adult (W. Strong) TAXONOMY: Order: Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) Family: Pyralidae (snout moths) HOSTS: Most Pinaceae in North America, especially Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), pines (Pinus spp.), spruces (Picea spp.), and true firs (Abies spp.). DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed across North America. In British Columbia, the fir coneworm is most common in the dry interior but can also be abundant on the coast. DAMAGE: Larvae tunnel throughout cones, feeding voraciously on scales, seeds, and other cone tissues. Cone clusters are often targeted and, as feeding progresses, the cones become bound together with coarse frass and webbing. Douglas-fir cones with Dioryctria abietivorella feeding (D. Manastyrski) 2 Cone and Seed Insect Pest Leaflet No. 3 Fir Coneworm (Dioryctria abietivorella) One or more entrance holes or excavations may be visible on individual cones. Also, fir coneworm larvae are often associated with branch and stem galls, graft unions, and other injuries where they cause mining damage similar to that caused by Synanthedon pitch moths. IMPORTANCE: Periodically, fir coneworm is a very important pest of seed and cone crops. One larva may destroy an entire cone and, in some years, entire cone crops. In addition, larvae feed within cones well into the fall and can cause significant post-harvest damage in stored cones awaiting seed extraction. In natural stands, fir coneworm populations tend to follow a cycle of steadily increasing levels (and damage) over a period of a few years before falling off to negligible levels. -
Identification of Dioryctria
SYSTEMATICS Identification of Dioryctria (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in a Seed Orchard at Chico, California 1 2 3 1 AMANDA D. ROE, JOHN D. STEIN, NANCY E. GILLETTE, AND FELIX A. H. SPERLING Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 99(3): 433Ð448 (2006) ABSTRACT Species of Dioryctria Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) are important pests of conifers, particularly in seed orchards, and accurate species identiÞcation is needed for effective monitoring and control. Variable forewing morphology and lack of species-speciÞc genitalic features hinder identiÞcation, prompting the search for additional diagnostic characters. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from the cytochrome c oxidase I and II genes (COI and COII) were obtained from specimens collected at lights, pheromone traps, and host plants in the PaciÞc Northwest, focusing on a U.S. Forest Service seed orchard in Chico, CA. A 475-bp fragment of COI was used to identify eight distinct genetic lineages from 180 Dioryctria specimens, and these were identiÞed as eight described species. Comparisons among mtDNA variation, adult morphology, larval host association, and pheromone attraction were used to assign individuals to species groups and to identify diagnostic characters for species identiÞcation. A 2.3-kb fragment of COI-COII was sequenced for 14 specimens to increase resolution of phylogenetic relationships. Species groups were well resolved using both the 475-bp and “DNA barcode” subsets of the 2.3-kb sequences, with the 475-bp fragment generally showing lower divergences. The zimmermani and ponderosae species groups were sister groups and had similar male genitalic morphology and larval feeding habits. The pentictonella group was sister to the zimmermani ϩ ponderosae group clade, and all species have raised scales and a Pinus sp.