DOCSLIB.ORG

ANNUAL REPORT Contract NO. R?120804 Research Unit 57 1 April

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

_o ANNUAL REPORT G Contract NO. R?120804 Research Unit 57 1 April 1976 - 31 March 1977 92 pages . Marine mammals of the Bering and southern Chukchi Seas Principal Investigators A Howard W. Braham ● ● Ciifford H. Fiscus David J. Rugh Research Assistants Teresa W. Bray Robert D. Everitt Bruce D. Krogman Mary K. Nerini A Nancy C. Severinghaus Ronald M. Sonntag ● David E. Withrow U. S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center Marine Mammal Division .0 7600 Sand Point Way, N. E. 6 Seattle, Washington 98115 March 25, 1977 — ** .> ● ’ . .1 ‘o ● TA8LE OF CONTENTS ● Abstract i List of Figures ii List of Tables v Qa Introduction 1 Current State of Knowledge 3 Ice Seals 3 Sea Lions and Harbor Seals 5 Cetaceans 7 Study Area 9 Methods and Materials 9 Ice Seals 9 Sea Lions and Harbor Seals 17 Cetaceans 18 Results and Discussion 19 Ice Seals 19 Sea Lions and Harbor Seals 50 Cetaceans 70 Conclusions and Recommendations 81 Literature Cited 85 Summary of Fourth Quarter Activities 89 i“ -f>‘h I. Abstract In Bristol Bay in April 1976, bearded seals were somewhat uniformly dis- persed yet more frequent than larga seals tiest of 163° W. Longitude. >inged seals were more numerous in the northw& part of the Bay. Walruses ‘.+’ere clumped in the southeast, northeast and west ends of the Bay. Bearded seals were more frequent north of St. Lawrence Island than ringed seals, but ringed seals were more frequent southb-est of St. Lawrence Islan6. More bearded seals and fewer ringed seals were seen than expected (X2: P < 0.01). Bearded seals were less solitary than ringed seals (P < 0.05) in both the northern and southern Bering Sea. Larga seals were less solitary than either (P< O.O1); they appear to be pupping and pairing sooner in pack ice than near the ice front. Bearded seals appear to be pupping and pairing sooner in the northern Bering Sea than the southern Bering Sea. The population of northern sea lions in the eastern Aleutian Islands appears to have declined by 50% since the 1950’s. About 80% of the sea lion popula- tion in the study area occurs on islands of the Fox Islands group (eastern Aleutian Islands). lJine (9) new hauling areas were identified in 1976, but no new rookeries. Ugamak Island, Bogoslof Island and Cape Morgan (Akutar-. Island) are the major breeding areas for the species. The highest numbers of all counts in the eastern Aleutian Islands (i.e., 45-50%) came from these three islands. The Fox Islands were found to be a very important area for animals to haul out onto during the fall months. Approximately 80% of all harbor seals sighted were found at eight hauling areas; of these, three were considered major. lm unknown proportion of the winter population hauls out on ice, perhaps as a result of landfast ice invading the coastal bays. Most large cetaceans appear to enter the southern Bering Sea in greatest numbers in June via the eastern Aleutian Islands. The species most sighted in the northern Bering Sea were the gray, humpback and sperm (off shelf) whales; in the southern Bering Sea, Dan porpoises and minke whales were most sighted. Gray whales have been found to migrate close to shore throughout Alaska while moving north. Part of their northern migration route north of Unimak Pass has been determined (quantified for the first time) to occur all along the coast of Bristol Bay. The species enters the =ering Sea at—— least by early April. All data summarized in this report are preliminary, and are still undergoing final checking, editing and correcting. No data or conclusions should be quoted without the authors’ approval. ii List of Figures Page .-=—T- -. .= ._.-. -.= - ; --_,---- 7 area of the Bering and Chukchi Seas for Ru57 .- .0 ~r.z.~~izg OCS oil-lease sites. 10 ● _-T: -,=__ -,-~- 2 . Ha%:<z ~eninsula and eastern Aleutian Islands study zrea 4--3-. 2 . 11 -—:T: —.7- -= .: . .>~zisl survey tracklines in northern Bering Sea, N!arch 1976.13 ~~~~r= . ,. Aerizl survey tracklines in Bristol Bayr April 1976. 14 .~i--~-~ -= ~. A?xial survey tracklines in northern Bering Sez, April 1976.15 ASZiZl survey tracklines in northern Bering and southern ‘ti,!~=xhi Seas, June 1976. 16 Schematic of the ice condition in March, April and June 1976 in the Bering and southern Chukchi Seas. 22 (1) (X) Searded seal sightings in northern Bering Sea, March 1976. 23 (Ci ri (I) (() (Ci Elzardsd seal sightings in Bristol Bay, April 1976. 24 (I cJ C- () {) Bearded sezl sightings in northern Bering Sea, April 1976. 25 ri h U) 'c3 Bearded seal sightings in northern Bering and southern Chukchi Seas, June 1976. 26 T~rga seal sightings in Bristol Bay, April 1976. 27 L~qa seal sightings in northern Bering Sear June 1976. 28 F?2 ~~~ seal sightings in Bristol Bay, April 1976. 29 finqe~ seal sightings in northern Bering Sea, April 1976. 30 T R_inge~ seal sig’ntings in northern Bering and southern Cll&cki Seas, June 1976. 31 Il (F) I-, Xalr-us sightings in northern Bering Sea, March 1976. 32 ((3 1) iii F- (fl ;~alras sightings in Bristol Bay, April 1976. 33 'd , iii (1) ~;alr~s sig’ntings in northern Bering Sea April 1976. 34 V ((3 l 11 (1 v> Walz’as sightings in northern Bering and southern Chukchi ((J Seas, June 1976. 35 -= -.-:— —.== - --; - . lJep.s:t:~ Flot for beardec5 sealsl northern Bering Sea, March ~~y~m 36 >, ‘, . > ● ’ iii Page Density plot for bearded seals in Bristol Bay, April 1976. 37 ●‘o Figure 22. Figurs 23. Density plot for bearded seals in northern Bering Sea, April 1976. 38 .0 Figure 24. Density plot for bearded seals in northern Bering and southern Chukchi Seas, June 1976. 39 Figure 25. Density plot of larga seals in Bristol Bay, April 1976. @ Figure 26. Density plot of ringed seals in Bristol Bay, April 1976. 41 Figure 27. Density plot of ringed seals in northern Bering and southern Chukchi Seas, June 1976. 42 Figure 28. Density plot of walruses in northern Bering Sea, March 1976.43 Figure 29. Density plot of walruses in Bristol Bay, APril 1976. 44 Figure 30. Density plot of walruses in northern Bering Sea, April 1976.45 Figure 31. Density plot of walruses in northern Bering and southern Chukchi Seas, June 1976. 46 -o Figure 32. Mean group size by species for ice seals in Bristol Bay, ‘o April 1976 comparing RU231 and Ru67 data. 49 Figure 33. Mean group size by species for ice seals by days 02 aerial survey in April (Bristol Bay) and June (Northern Bering 51 Sea) . Figure 34. Chart of Amak Island~ Sea lion rock and unnamed rock hauling grounds and rookeries used by northern sea lions. Labelled Map C. 53 Figure 35. Chart of the Fox Islands in the eastern Aleutian Islands used by northern sea lions for haul out and breeding. 54 Figure 36. Change in the number of northern sea lions seen on islands in the eastern Aleutian Islands when comparing 1950’s daka to 1975-76 data. 58 Figure 37. Total numbers of northern sea lions seen on seven rookeries- hauling grounds for June and August, 1975-76. 59 Figure 38. A comparison of the numbers of northern sea lions between ● o selected hauling ground-rookeries by month. 61 ● Figure 39. A comparison of the number of northern seal lions between ● months at each of seven separate hauling grounds-rookeries. 62 iv ● ● Page ● Figxre 4G. Fercent of total northern sea lion population for all months surveyed located at selected hauling grounds-rookeries in the eastern Aletitian Islands and Alaska Peninsula. 63 Figure 41. Harbor seal distributio~ and favored hauling areas of the .0 northwest Alaska Peninsula and north Bristol Bay coast. Labelled map A. 65 Figure 42. Harbor seal distribution and favored hauling areas along the north side of the Alaska Peninsula from Port Moller to Unimak Island. Labelled map B. 66 . Figure 43. Harbor seal hauling areas on islands of the Fox Island group in the eastern Aleutian Islands. Labelled map D. 67 Figure 44. Comparison of tide height and numbers of harbor seals counted on sandbars and islets along the Alaska Peninsula during June . and August, 1975-76 aerial surveys. 69 Figure 45. Sightings of large cetaceans (balaenopterids) in the southern Bering Sea. 73 . Figure 46. Plot of Dan porpoise sightings in the southern Bering Sea study area. 76 “o ‘o Figure 47. Plot of killer whale sightings in the southern Bering Sea study area. 77 A Figure 48. Generalized chart of the proposed migration route of the gray whale in Alaska; including areas where much sighting data occur. ● 79 Figure 49. Sightings of gray whales in the northern Bering Sea from aerial surveys conducted in June 1976. 80 ● 8 ● ● ., ● ● ● List af Tables Page Table 1. Spscies list of cetaceans found in the Bering and Chukchi ● Seas. 8 e Table 2. A list of ship cruises into the Bering and Chukchi Seas during 1976 from which cetacean data are presented. 18 Table 3. Ice seal observations by date in April 1976 in Bristol Bay. 20 Table 4. Ice seal observations by date in March, April and June 1976 in the northern Bering and southern Chukchi Seas. 21 Table 5. Density estimates for bearded, ringed and larga seals, and walruses for the Bering Sea in March and April 1976. 47 Table 6. Northern sea lion and harbor seal aerial survey dates, 1975-76. 50 Table 7. Location and number of northern sea lions hauled out during aerial surveys of the eastern Aleutian Islands and Alaska Peninsula, 1975-1976.
Recommended publications
  • Resource Utilization in Unalaska, Aleutian Islands, Alaska

    Resource Utilization in Unalaska, Aleutian Islands, Alaska

    RESOURCE UTILIZATION IN UNALASKA, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS, ALASKA Douglas W. Veltre, Ph. D. Mary J. Veltre, B.A. Technical Paper Number 58 Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence October 23, 1982 Contract 824790 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report would not have been possible to produce without the generous support the authors received from many residents of Unalaska. Numerous individuals graciously shared their time and knowledge, and the Ounalashka Corporation,. in particular, deserves special thanks for assistance with housing and transportation. Thanks go too to Linda Ellanna, Deputy Director of the Division of Subsistence, who provided continuing support throughout this project, and to those individuals who offered valuable comments on an earlier draft of this report. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. ii Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION . 1 Purpose ..................... 1 Research objectives ............... 4 Research methods 6 Discussion of rese~r~h'm~tho~oio~y' ........ ...... 8 Organization of the report ........... 10 2 BACKGROUNDON ALEUT RESOURCE UTILIZATION . 11 Introduction ............... 11 Aleut distribuiiin' ............... 11 Precontact resource is: ba;tgr;ls' . 12 The early postcontact period .......... 19 Conclusions ................... 19 3 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND. 23 Introduction ........................... 23 The precontact'plrioi . 23 The Russian period ............... 25 The American period ............... 30 Unalaska community profile. ........... 37 Conclusions ................... 38 4 THE NATURAL SETTING ...............
  • Assessment of Alaska Reindeer Populations and Range Conditions

    Assessment of Alaska Reindeer Populations and Range Conditions

    Paper presented at The First Arctic Ungulate Conference, Nuuk, Greenland, 3-8. September, 1991. Assessment of Alaska reindeer populations and range conditions J. D. Swanson1 and M. H. W. Barker2 1 USDA Soil Conservation Service, 201 E. 9th Avenue, Suite 300, Anchorage, Alaska 99501, U.S.A. 2 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Alaska 99508, U.S.A. Abstract: Populations of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) have fluctated greatly since their introduction to Alaska in 1891. In the 1930s, reported numbers exceeded 600,000. Presently, 38,000 reindeer graze 6.2 million ha of rangeland and woodland in Western Alaska (from 66°54'N to 52°07'N latitude). Condition of winter range producing fruticose lichens (Cladina rangiferina, Cladina arbuscula, Cladina stellaris, Cetraria cucullata, Cetra- ria islandica) is of major concern. Monitoring programs have been established for vegetation, fire, reindeer and wildlife. Reindeer have overgrazed lichen resources on some Bering Sea Islands. Wildfires have had the greatest impact on lichen range depletion on the mainland. Overgrazing has been a problem in localized areas. Moose (AIces alces) and muskox (Ovibos moschatus) rarely contribute to major lichen depletion. 60-80% of the mainland and 5-30% of most island winter lichen ranges are presently estimated to be in good to excel• lent ecological condition. Procedures for assessing condition of the lichen ranges are being further refined. Keywords: Alaska, winter, pastures, lichens, population dynamics, sampling techniques Rangifer, 12 (1): 33-43 Introduction Siberian reindeer herders were originally Sheldon Jackson, General Agent of Education brought to instruct local natives in reindeer in Alaska, toured the northern coasts of Siberia husbandry and herding techniques (Brickey, and Alaska in 1890.
  • Resource Utilization in Atka, Aleutian Islands, Alaska

    Resource Utilization in Atka, Aleutian Islands, Alaska

    RESOURCEUTILIZATION IN ATKA, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS, ALASKA Douglas W. Veltre, Ph.D. and Mary J. Veltre, B.A. Technical Paper Number 88 Prepared for State of Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence Contract 83-0496 December 1983 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS To the people of Atka, who have shared so much with us over the years, go our sincere thanks for making this report possible. A number of individuals gave generously of their time and knowledge, and the Atx^am Corporation and the Atka Village Council, who assisted us in many ways, deserve particular appreciation. Mr. Moses Dirks, an Aleut language specialist from Atka, kindly helped us with Atkan Aleut terminology and place names, and these contributions are noted throughout this report. Finally, thanks go to Dr. Linda Ellanna, Deputy Director of the Division of Subsistence, for her support for this project, and to her and other individuals who offered valuable comments on an earlier draft of this report. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . e . a . ii Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION . e . 1 Purpose ........................ Research objectives .................. Research methods Discussion of rese~r~h*m~t~odoio~y .................... Organization of the report .............. 2 THE NATURAL SETTING . 10 Introduction ........... 10 Location, geog;aih;,' &d*&oio&’ ........... 10 Climate ........................ 16 Flora ......................... 22 Terrestrial fauna ................... 22 Marine fauna ..................... 23 Birds ......................... 31 Conclusions ...................... 32 3 LITERATURE REVIEW AND HISTORY OF RESEARCH ON ATKA . e . 37 Introduction ..................... 37 Netsvetov .............. ......... 37 Jochelson and HrdliEka ................ 38 Bank ....................... 39 Bergslind . 40 Veltre and'Vll;r;! .................................... 41 Taniisif. ....................... 41 Bilingual materials .................. 41 Conclusions ...................... 42 iii 4 OVERVIEW OF ALEUT RESOURCE UTILIZATION . 43 Introduction ............
  • Sea Otter Studies - 1969

    Sea Otter Studies - 1969

    SEA OTTER STUDIES - 1969 by Karl Schneider SEA OTT ER STU DIES - 1969 This report is a comp il ation of a numbe r o short reports _written for the marine mammals staff files. While it serves some of the purposes of a segment report, ft was compiled for the use of the staff only. Many of the conclusions and ideas expressed are tentative and based on incomplete analysis or the dat.a . The contents of the report are as follows: Proje"ct Statement Aerial Count (Aleutians, Alaska Peninsula, Shumagins) Survey -Sitka to Cape Spencer Survey - Klag Bay Area Sightings - Yakutat Bay History of Harvests and Transplants Age Determination Age Structure Growth Reproduction Tagged Otter In addition to the work presented here, much time was spent on a sea otter transplant, observing the effects of nuclear testing at Amchitka and collecting information on pelt sales. Analysis of much information and specimens collected since 1967 is still incomplete and will be written up at a later date . ·­ .. ­ STATE: Alaska JOB T ITL.E: . Sea Otte.r · JOB NO.: . G-2 . NAME AND TITLE OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Karl Schneider, Study Leader NAME AND ADDRESS OF FISH AND GAME AGENCY: Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Subpart Building, Juneau,-. Alaska­ ~ :. ·-­ · --- -~ · JOB DESCRIPTION: OBJECTIVES: 1. To determine trends in distribution changes of sea otter populations in areas where repopulation of former habitat is incomplete. 2. To determine the effectiveness of aerial, surface and photographic· counts as census tools. )-. To obtain information relating to molt, breeding biology, population sex and age composition, growth and food habits of the sea otter in selected.
  • NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-153

    NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-153

    NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-153 Aerial, Ship, and Land-based Surveys of Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in the Western Stock in Alaska, June and July 2003 and 2004 by L. W. Fritz and C. Stinchcomb U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center June 2005 NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS The National Marine Fisheries Service's Alaska Fisheries Science Center uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum series to issue informal scientific and technical publications when complete formal review and editorial processing are not appropriate or feasible. Documents within this series reflect sound professional work and may be referenced in the formal scientific and technical literature. The NMFS-AFSC Technical Memorandum series of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center continues the NMFS-F/NWC series established in 1970 by the Northwest Fisheries Center. The NMFS-NWFSC series is currently used by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. This document should be cited as follows: Fritz, L. W., and C. Stinchcomb. 2005. Aerial, ship, and land-based surveys of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in the western stock in Alaska, June and July 2003 and 2004. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-153, 56 p. Reference in this document to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-153 Aerial, Ship, and Land-based Surveys of Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in the Western Stock in Alaska, June and July 2003 and 2004 by L. W. Fritz1 and C. Stinchcomb2 1Alaska Fisheries Science Center National Marine Mammal Laboratory 7600 Sand Point Way N.E.
  • A Preliminary Baseline Study of Subsistence Resource Utilization in the Pribilof Islands

    A Preliminary Baseline Study of Subsistence Resource Utilization in the Pribilof Islands

    A PRELIMINARY BASELINE STUDY OF SUBSISTENCE RESOURCE UTILIZATION IN THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS Douglas W. Veltre Ph.D Mary J. Veltre, B.A. Technical Paper Number 57 Prepared for Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence Contract 81-119 October 15, 1981 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . The authors would like to thank those numerous mem- bers of St. George and St. Paul who gave generously of their time and knowledge to help with this project. The Tanaq Corporation of St. George and the Tanadgusix Corporation of St. Paul, as well as the village councils of both communities, also deserve thanks for their cooperation. In addition, per- sonnel of the National Marine Fisheries Service in the Pribi- lofs provided insight into the fur seal operations. Finally, Linda Ellanna and Alice Stickney of the Department of Fish and Game gave valuable assistance and guidance, especially through their participation in field research. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . ii Chapter I INTRODUCTION . 1 Purpose . 1 Research objectives . : . 4 Research methods . 6 Discussion of research methodology . 8 Organization of the report . 11 II BACKGROUND ON ALEUT SUBSISTENCE . 13 Introduction . 13 Precontact subsistence patterns . 15 The early postcontact period . 22 Conclusions . 23 III HISTORICAL BACXGROUND . 27 Introduction . 27 Russian period . 27 American period ........... 35 History of Pribilof Island settlements ... 37 St. George community profile ........ 39 St. Paul community profile ......... 45 Conclusions ......... ; ........ 48 IV THE NATURAL SETTING .............. 50 Introduction ................ 50 Location, geography, and geology ...... 50 Climate ................... 55 Fauna and flora ............... 61 Aleutian-Pribilof Islands comparison .... 72 V SUBSISTENCE RESOURCES AND UTILIZATION IN THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS ............ 74 Introduction ................ 74 Inventory of subsistence resources .
  • Designation of Critical Habitat for the Southwest Alaska Distinct Population Segment of the Northern Sea Otter; Final Rule

    Designation of Critical Habitat for the Southwest Alaska Distinct Population Segment of the Northern Sea Otter; Final Rule

    Thursday, October 8, 2009 Part III Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 17 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for the Southwest Alaska Distinct Population Segment of the Northern Sea Otter; Final Rule VerDate Nov<24>2008 19:03 Oct 07, 2009 Jkt 220001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\08OCR3.SGM 08OCR3 srobinson on DSKHWCL6B1PROD with RULES3 51988 Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 194 / Thursday, October 8, 2009 / Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR northern sea otter, refer to the final published in the Federal Register on listing rule published in the Federal August 9, 2005 (70 FR 46366). Fish and Wildlife Service Register on August 9, 2005 (70 FR Summary of Comments and 46366), the proposed rule to designate Recommendations 50 CFR Part 17 critical habitat published in the Federal Register on December 16, 2008 (73 FR We requested written comments from [FWS–R7–ES–2008–0105; 92210–1117– the public during the public comment 0000–FY08–B4] 76454), and the June 9, 2009 (74 FR 27271), notice of availability of the draft period on the proposed rule to designate RIN 1018–AV92 economic analysis (DEA). More detailed critical habitat for the southwest Alaska information on northern sea otter DPS of the northern sea otter. During the Endangered and Threatened Wildlife biology and ecology that is directly public comment period, we also and Plants; Designation of Critical relevant to designation of critical habitat contacted appropriate Federal, State, Habitat for the Southwest Alaska is discussed under the Primary and local agencies; Alaska Native Distinct Population Segment of the Constituent Elements section below.
  • THE SUBSISTENCE HARVEST and USE of STELLER SEA LIONS in ALASKA by Terry L Haynes and Craig Mishler Technical Paper No

    THE SUBSISTENCE HARVEST and USE of STELLER SEA LIONS in ALASKA by Terry L Haynes and Craig Mishler Technical Paper No

    THE SUBSISTENCE HARVEST AND USE OF STELLER SEA LIONS IN ALASKA by Terry L Haynes and Craig Mishler Technical Paper No. 198 This research was partially supported by ANILCA Federal Aid funds administered through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska, SG-1-9 Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence Juneau, Alaska July 1991 EEO STATEMENT The Alaska Department of Fish and Game operates all of its public programs and activities free from discrimination on the basis of race, igion, color, national origin, age, sex, or handicap Because the de partment receives federal funding, any person who believes he or she has been discriminated against should write to: O.E.O. U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 i ABSTRACT Subsequent to the classification of the Steller sea lion as a threatened species in 1990, a Sea Lion Recovery Team was created and charged with preparing a population recovery plan. This report examines the historical literature on subsistence uses, reviews Native oral traditions, and summarizes the limited amount of available information on contemporary harvests and uses of sea lions over a wide range of 25 coastal Alaskan communities. The report is designed to assist in creation of a recovery plan sensitive to subsistence uses. Further research and data needs are identified for consideration in the development of a long-range sea lion management plan. Various strategies of hunting sea lions are described, along with hunting technologies, methods of butchering sea lions, and traditional ways of cooking and serving them. Evidence gathered from prehistoric sites is summarized, and the pervasive symbolic role of Steller sea lions in Koniag and Aleut folktales, folk songs, and folk beliefs is examined in some detail.
  • Alaska Submerged Lands Act Report : Analysis of Inholdings

    Alaska Submerged Lands Act Report : Analysis of Inholdings

    BLM LIBRARY 88074922 // ALASKA SUBMERGED LANDS ACT REPORT ANALYSIS OF INHOLDINGS, ACQUISITION PRIORITIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO REDUCE IMPACTS ON CONSERVATION SYSTEM UNITS IN ALASKA AUGUST 1990 U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT NATIONAL PARK SERVICE USDA FOREST SERVICE •v * f & naj&*^ ib'-MoT-Wll i^l Iks.1 m r AH / AH? ALASKA SUBMERGED LANDS ACT REPORT ANALYSIS OF INHOLDINGS, ACQUISITION PRIORITIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO REDUCE IMPACTS ON CONSERVATION SYSTEM UNITS IN ALASKA , AUGUST 1990 BLM Library Denver Federal Center Bidg. 50. OC-521 v>rs Rnx 25041 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE I. INTRODUCTION. 1 II. SCOPE OF REPORT. 1 III. HISTORY OF LAND STATUS. 3 Alaska Statehood Act. 3 Alaska Native Allotment Act. 3 Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act. 3 Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act. 6 National Park Service. 6 USDA Forest Service. 6 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 6 Bureau of Land Management. 10 IV. ACQUISITION POLICY. 10 V. ACQUISITION METHODS. 11 VI. ESTABLISHMENT OF PRIORITIES FOR ACQUISITION. 12 VII. EFFECTS ON IMPLEMENTATION OF SECTION 101 OF THE ACT ON CONSERVATION SYSTEM UNITS. 14 VIII. ISSUES. 18 A. Potential Impacts because of Changing Navigability Standards. 18 B. Potential Impacts of Amendment of Section 901 of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act by Section 101 of this Act. 19 C. Title to Submerged Lands on Pre-statehood Withdrawals. 20 D. Overselections. 20 E. Underselected Villages. 21 IX. RECOMMENDATIONS. 22 A. Funding for Land Acquisitions. 22 B. Land Exchanges. 22 i PAGE X. APPENDICES Appendices A-D: Acquisition Priority Lists. 23 A. Summary of Inholdings and Acquisition Priorities on National Wildlife Refuges in Alaska U.S.
  • INFORMATION to USERS This Manuscript Has Been Reproduced from the Microfilm Master

    INFORMATION to USERS This Manuscript Has Been Reproduced from the Microfilm Master

    Ecology Of Reindeer On Hagemeister Island, Alaska Item Type Thesis Authors Stimmelmayr, Raphaela Download date 23/09/2021 12:58:50 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/8515 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. Hie quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improperalignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner.
  • Aleutian Islands

    Aleutian Islands

    Journal of Global Change Data & Discovery. 2018, 2(1): 109-114 © 2018 GCdataPR DOI:10.3974/geodp.2018.01.18 Global Change Research Data Publishing & Repository www.geodoi.ac.cn Global Change Data Encyclopedia Aleutian Islands Liu, C.1* Yang, A. Q.2 Hu, W. Y.1 Liu, R. G.1 Shi, R. X.1 1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 2. Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing100101，China Keywords: Aleutian Islands; Fox Islands; Four Mountains Islands; Andreanof Islands; Rat Islands; Near Islands; Kommandor Islands; Unimak Island; USA; Russia; data encyclopedia The Aleutian Islands extends latitude from 51°12′35″N to 55°22′14″N and longitude about 32 degrees from 165°45′10″E to 162°21′10″W, it is a chain volcanic islands belonging to both the United States and Russia[1–3] (Figure 1, 2). The islands are formed in the northern part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. They form part of the Aleutian Arc in the Northern Pacific Ocean, extending about 1,900 km westward from the Alaska Peninsula to- ward the Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia, Figure 1 Dataset of Aleutian Islands in .kmz format and mark a dividing line between the Ber- ing Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The islands comprise 6 groups of islands (east to west): the Fox Islands[4–5], islands of Four Mountains[6–7], Andreanof Islands[8–9], Rat Islands[10–11], Near Is- lands[12–13] and Kommandor Islands[14–15].
  • Changes in the Abundance of Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias Jubatus) in Alaska from 1956 to 1992: How Many Were There?

    Changes in the Abundance of Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias Jubatus) in Alaska from 1956 to 1992: How Many Were There?

    Aquatic Mammals 1996, 22.3, 153-1 66 Changes in the abundance of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in Alaska from 1956 to 1992: how many were there? Andrew W. Trites and Peter A. Larkint Marine Mammal Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, 2204 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia. Canada V6T IZ4 Abstract eastern Aleutians when surveys counted 50% fewer animals than in previous decades (Braham et al., The size of Steller sea lion populations in the Gulf 1980). Declines were not noted elsewhere in the of Alaska and Aleutian Islands was estimated by Aleutians (Fiscus et al., 1981) until the early 1980s applying life table statistics to counts of pups and (Merrick et al., 1987), at which time they were also adults (non-pups) at rookery sites. Total population observed in the central and western Gulf of Alaska size was 5.10 times the number of pups counted or (Merrick et al., 1987). 3.43 times the number of adults counted. Only 55% In response to the population declines in Alaska, of the adult population return to rookeries during the Steller sea lion was listed in 1990 as a threatened the summer. Data compiled from published and species under the US Endangered Species Act unpublished sources for all 39 major rookeries in (NMFS, 1992). In 1995, the National Marine Alaska suggest that the total number of Steller sea Fisheries Service proposed managing the popula- lions (including pups) rose from 250 000 to 282 000 tion as two separate stock-an eastern (threatened) between the mid 1950s and the mid 1970s.