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Des Persisch-Arabischen Golfes Taxonomie und Zoogeographie der Brachyura, Paguridea und Porcellanidae (Crustacea: Decapoda) des Persisch-Arabischen Golfes Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften vorgelegt beim Fachbereich Biologie der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität in Frankfurt am Main von Michael Apel aus Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main (2001) (DF1) Vom Fachbereich 15 (Biologie und Informatik) der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität als Dissertation angenommen. Dekan: Prof. Dr. K.-D. Entian Gutachter: Prof. Dr. W. Wiltschko Prof. Dr. C. Winter Datum der Disputation: 10.07.2001 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung.......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Ziel der Arbeit............................................................................................................ 2 1.2 Erforschung der Brachyuren- und Anomurenfauna des Golfes ................................... 3 1.3 Zoogeographie des Persisch-Arabischen Golfes und des nordwestlichen Indischen Ozeans...................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Das Untersuchungsgebiet........................................................................................... 8 1.4.1 Geologie und Paläogeographie............................................................................ 9 1.4.2 Bodentopographie und Sedimente...................................................................... 10 1.4.3 Hydrographie und Klima ................................................................................... 12 1.4.4 Ökologische Bedingungen.................................................................................. 15 2 Material und Methoden..................................................................................................... 16 2.1 Eigene Sammlungen................................................................................................... 16 2.1.1 Forschungsreisen ................................................................................................ 16 2.1.2 Sammlungsmethoden......................................................................................... 18 2.1.3 Aufbereitung und Verbleib des Materials............................................................ 19 2.2 Vergleichsmaterial aus externen Sammlungen ............................................................ 19 2.3 Taxonomische Bearbeitung ........................................................................................ 21 2.4 Zoogeographische Analyse ......................................................................................... 22 2.4.1 Endemismusraten............................................................................................... 22 2.4.2 Faunenvergleich anhand von Verbreitungskategorien......................................... 22 2.4.3 Analyse von Faunenähnlichkeit mit Hilfe multivariater Verfahren...................... 23 3 Ergebnisse.......................................................................................................................... 28 3.1 Kommentierte Artenliste............................................................................................ 28 Anomura Familie Coenobitidae .................................................................................................... 28 Familie Diogenidae ....................................................................................................... 29 Familie Paguridae.......................................................................................................... 36 Familie Porcellanidae..................................................................................................... 38 Brachyura Familie Dromiidae ........................................................................................................ 43 Familie Dorippidae ....................................................................................................... 45 Familie Calappidae........................................................................................................ 46 Familie Leucosiidae ....................................................................................................... 49 Familie Raninidae ......................................................................................................... 59 Familie Hymenosomatidae............................................................................................ 60 Familie Majidae............................................................................................................. 60 Familie Parthenopidae................................................................................................... 66 Familie Eumedonidae.................................................................................................... 68 Familie Corystidae......................................................................................................... 69 Familie Portunidae ........................................................................................................ 69 Familie Atelecyclidae ..................................................................................................... 81 Familie Xanthidae ......................................................................................................... 81 Familie Carpiliidae ........................................................................................................ 91 Familie Menippidae ...................................................................................................... 92 Familie Trapeziidae ....................................................................................................... 94 Familie Pilumnidae ....................................................................................................... 95 Familie Hexapodidae..................................................................................................... 100 Familie Goneplacidae .................................................................................................... 101 Familie Pinnotheridae ................................................................................................... 105 Familie Xenophthalmidae.............................................................................................. 105 Familie Palicidae [= Cymopolidae] ................................................................................ 105 Familie Ocypodidae ...................................................................................................... 106 Familie Grapsidae.......................................................................................................... 116 Familie Cryptochiridae (Synonym Hapalocarcinidae).................................................... 120 3.2 Faunistik und Biodiversität ........................................................................................ 125 3.2.1 Gesamtartenzahl................................................................................................. 125 3.2.2 Erstnachweise und neue Arten............................................................................ 125 3.2.3 Vergleich der Gesamtartenzahl mit der aus anderen Regionen............................ 127 3.2.4 Zusammensetzung der Brachyurenfauna des Persisch-Arabischen Golfes............ 128 3.2.5 Vergleich der Brachyurenfauna mit der aus anderen Regionen ........................... 128 3.2.6 Detailbetrachtung der Ocypodiden und Grapsiden ............................................ 132 3.3 Zoogeographische Analyse ......................................................................................... 137 3.3.1 Endemismusrate................................................................................................. 137 3.3.2 Endemismusraten der Grapsiden und Ocypodiden ............................................ 138 3.3.3 Faunenvergleich anhand von Verbreitungskategorien......................................... 140 3.3.4 Faunenvergleich mit Hilfe multivariater statistischer Verfahren.......................... 145 4 Diskussion ......................................................................................................................... 157 4.1 Taxonomie und Faunistik .......................................................................................... 157 4.2 Biodiversität............................................................................................................... 158 4.3 Zoogeographie ........................................................................................................... 162 4.4 Historische Zoogeographie und Besiedlungsgeschichte .............................................. 165 4.5 Aktuelle Situation und Zukunft der Golfregion ......................................................... 167 5 Zusammenfassung ............................................................................................................. 171 6 Literatur............................................................................................................................. 173 7 Danksagung....................................................................................................................... 193 Anhang 1: Liste der nachgewiesenen Arten und ihrer Verbreitung .......................................... 195 Anhang 2: „Presence/Absence“-Matrix der Grapsidae und Ocypodidae .................................. 201 Anhang 3: Ähnlichkeitsmatrizen
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