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Identification of Similar Chinese Congou Black Teas Using An
molecules Article Identification of Similar Chinese Congou Black Teas Using an Electronic Tongue Combined with Pattern Recognition Danyi Huang , Zhuang Bian, Qinli Qiu, Yinmao Wang, Dongmei Fan and Xiaochang Wang * Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; [email protected] (D.H.); [email protected] (Z.B.); [email protected] (Q.Q.); [email protected] (Y.W.); [email protected] (D.F.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-0571-8898-2380 Received: 8 November 2019; Accepted: 6 December 2019; Published: 12 December 2019 Abstract: It is very difficult for humans to distinguish between two kinds of black tea obtained with similar processing technology. In this paper, an electronic tongue was used to discriminate samples of seven different grades of two types of Chinese Congou black tea. The type of black tea was identified by principal component analysis and discriminant analysis. The latter showed better results. The samples of the two types of black tea distributed on the two sides of the region graph were obtained from discriminant analysis, according to tea type. For grade discrimination, we determined grade prediction models for each tea type by partial least-squares analysis; the coefficients of determination of the prediction models were both above 0.95. Discriminant analysis separated each sample in region graph depending on its grade and displayed a classification accuracy of 98.20% by cross-validation. The back-propagation neural network showed that the grade prediction accuracy for all samples was 95.00%. Discriminant analysis could successfully distinguish tea types and grades. As a complement, the models of the biochemical components of tea and electronic tongue by support vector machine showed good prediction results. -
Comparison of Volatile Profiles and Bioactive Components of Sun-Dried Pu-Erh Tea Leaves from Ancient Tea Plants on Bulang Mountain Measured by GC-MS and HPLC
Zhang et al. / J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B (Biomed & Biotechnol) 2019 20(7):563-575 563 Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology) ISSN 1673-1581 (Print); ISSN 1862-1783 (Online) www.jzus.zju.edu.cn; www.springerlink.com E-mail: [email protected] Comparison of volatile profiles and bioactive components of sun-dried Pu-erh tea leaves from ancient tea plants on Bulang Mountain measured by GC-MS and HPLC# Wen-jie ZHANG§1,2, Cong LIU§1,2, Rui-juan YANG1,2, Ting-ting ZHENG1,2, Miao-miao ZHAO1,2, Li MA1,2, Liang YAN†‡1,2 1College of Tea (Pu’er), West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Pu’er 665000, China 2Pu’er Institute of Pu-erh Tea, Pu’er 665000, China †E-mail: [email protected] Received Mar. 27, 2018; Revision accepted June 17, 2018; Crosschecked May 31, 2019 Abstract: To explore the volatile profiles and the contents of ten bioactive components (polyphenols and caffeine) of sun-dried Pu-erh tea leaves from ancient tea plants on Bulang Mountain, 17 samples of three tea varieties were an- alyzed by headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A total of 75 volatile components were tentatively identified. Laomaner (LME), Laobanzhang (LBZ), and other teas on Bulang Mountain (BL) contained 70, 53, and 71 volatile compounds, respectively. Among the volatile compounds, alcohols (30.2%–45.8%), hydrocarbons (13.7%–17.5%), and ketones (12.4%–23.4%) were qualitatively the most dominant volatile compounds in the different tea varieties. -
The Chinese Experience in Montana
East Meets West: The Chinese Experience in Montana East West User Guide Provided by The Montana Historical Society Education Office (406) 444-4789 www.montanahistoricalsociety.org Funded by a Grant from the E.L. Wiegand Foundation ©2002 The Montana Historical Society East Meets West: The Chinese Experience in Montana East West Table of Contents I. Introduction Inventory . .2 Footlocker Use – Some Advice for Instructors . .6 Evaluation Form . .7 MHS Educational Resources . .9 Primary Sources and How to Use Them . .13 Standards and Skills for East Meets West: The Chinese Experience in Montana . .20 II. Background Information Historical Narrative for Fourth Graders . .22 Historical Narrative for Instructors . .24 Outline for Classroom Presentation . .26 Amazing Montanans . .28 Vocabulary List . .30 III. Lessons Lesson 1: What Would You Bring? . .31 Lesson 2: A Long Way to Travel . .33 Lesson 3: Chinese Contributions . .36 Lesson 4: Letters Home . .38 Lesson 5: Boycotts and Racism . .39 Lesson 6: Chinese Food . .41 Lesson 7: The Chinese Tea Ceremony . .43 Lesson 8: A New Way to Count . .49 Lesson 9: Bound Feet . .55 IV. Resources and Reference Materials A. Worksheets and Independent Work . .58 B. Bibliography . .74 — 1 — East Meets West: The Chinese Experience in Montana East West Inventory Borrower: ___________________________________________ Booking Period: ____________________ The borrower is responsible for the safe use of the footlocker and all its contents during the designated booking period. Replacement and/or repair for any lost items and/or damage (other than normal wear and tear) to the footlocker and its contents while in the borrower’s care will be charged to the borrower’s school. -
SVAT RIP Details Report As At
SVAT RIP Details Report As at - 2020-07-22 TIN No Taxpayer Name SVAT No Project Name 100871157 VIRCO INTERNATIONAL (PRIVATE) LIMITED 11465 - 100871483 CEILAN COIR PRODUCTS 10606 - 100872420 CONSOLIDATED PRINTING (PVT) LTD 10086 - 100872722 THERMOTEX (PVT) LTD 11616 - 100873087 ALPINE CLOTHINGS POLPITHIGAMA (PVT) LTD 10040 - 100874776 O C M LANKA (PRIVATE) LIMITED 10227 PROVIDING CUSTOMISIZED BAGGING SOLUTIONS AT PORT IN COLOMBO 100875713 N D C EXPORTS (PVT) LTD 10163 - 100876507 DEVON TEAS LIMITED 11295 - 100877007 UNIFI TEXTILES COLOMBO (PRIVATE) LIMITED 10578 - 100877449 VENUS EMBELLISHERS (PRIVATE) LIMITED 10232 - 100878704 CONTINENTAL TEA (PRIVATE) LIMITED 10554 - 100878771 AARON TEXTILES LANKA (PRIVATE) LIMITED 11205 - 100879905 TUNA WORKS LANKA (PRIVATE) LIMITED 10742 TUNA WORKS LANKA (PVT) LTD 100880164 KALPITIYA LAGOON RESORT (PRIVATE) LIMITED 11204 KALPITIYA LAGOON RESORT (PRIVATE) LIMITED 100882884 ANDRITZ HYDRO GMBH 10110 - 100883546 DUNDY TRADING COMPANY 10108 - 100885930 PRIME STRUCTURES ENGINEERING LANKA (PRIVATE) LIMITED 10265 - 100888122 CREATIVE ACCESSORIES LANKA (PRIVATE) LIMITED 10146 - 100888980 ICONIC DEVELOPMENTS (PRIVATE) LIMITED 11620 ICONIC DEVOLOPMENTS (PVT) LTD 100889218 KEFRO INTERNATIONAL (PRIVATE) LIMITED 11428 - 100889820 ROYAL FRESH EXPORTS (PRIVATE) LIMITED 10582 - 100890151 ION EXCHANGE (INDIA) LIMITED 11358 ALUTHGAMA, MATHUGAMA, AGALAWATTA WATER SUPPLY PROJECT 100890232 D AND H APPARELS (PRIVATE) LIMITED 11351 - 100890828 JITF - KDESH JV 11632 AMBATHALE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT, ENERGY SAVING COLOMBO -
Highly Discriminant Rate of Dianhong Black Tea Grades Based On
Food Chemistry 298 (2019) 125046 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Food Chemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodchem Highly discriminant rate of Dianhong black tea grades based on fluorescent T probes combined with chemometric methods ⁎ Jing Zhu1, Fengyuan Zhu1, Luqing Li, Linlin Cheng, Liang Zhang, Yue Sun, Xiaochun Wan , ⁎ Zhengzhu Zhang State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Chemical compounds studied in this article: We established a novel Dianhong black tea grades discriminant analytic technique based on a fluorescence image Phenol (PubChem CID: 996) along with carbon quantum dots (CDs) as fluorescent probes. Different grades of Dianhong black tea contain Catechins (PubChem CID: 1203) different various amounts of tea polyphenols. Tea polyphenols can quench the fluorescent intensity ofCDs, Theanine (PubChem CID: 439378) resulting in different fluorescent peaks; Dianhong black tea grades can then be discriminated through theuseof Epigallocatechin Gallate (PubChem CID: principal component analysis and Bayesian analysis. Compared with the additional data processing required in 65064) other methods, the advantage of our method is that the fluorescence curve can be used directly, and it achieves Theaflavin (PubChem CID: 11980943) Ethanol (PubChem CID: 702) satisfactory results. We firstly used CDs combined with chemometrics to identify eight grades of Dianhong black Cobalt Nitrate Hexahydrate (PubChem CID: tea, and we also provide a new method that improves the identification rate using nanotechnology to avoid 24821) performing complex data processing. Sodium Citrate (PubChem CID: 6224) Carbamide (PubChem CID: 1176) Thiourea (PubChem CID: 2723790) Keywords: Fluorescence spectroscopic analysis Grades discriminant Carbon quantum dots Principal component analysis Bayesian discriminant analysis 1. -
(Private) Limited 10342
SVAT RIS Details Report As at - 2019-07-08 TIN No Taxpayer Name SVAT No Project Name 100871050 Bloomberg Solutions (Private) Limited 10342 - 100871130 Xplosa Corporation (Private) Limited 11309 - 100871157 Virco International (Private) Limited 11465 - 100871483 Ceilan Coir Products 10606 - 100872420 Consolidated Printing (Pvt) Ltd 10086 - 100872722 Thermotex (Pvt) Ltd 10149 Fabric Printing 100873087 Alpine Clothings Polpithigama (Pvt) Ltd 10040 - 100873532 Veepee Aasan Solutions Lanka (Private) 10258 - 100873664 Limited 10230 - 100873834 Raux Brothers (Private) Limited 10531 - 100874083 Haritha Consultants (Private) Ltd 10328 - 100874164 Injinia Global (Private) Limited 10115 - 100874776 Brief Garden (Private) Limited 10227 Providing Customisized Bagging Solutions At Port In Colombo 100875160 O C M Lanka (Private) Limited 10607 - 100875195 Sky Engineering Consultancy (Private) 10421 - 100875713 Limited 10163 - 100875950 Jeya Packaging Pvt Ltd 10675 - 100876078 N D C Exports (Pvt) Ltd 10585 Eastern Medical Services Pvt Ltd 100876353 Miller Holz And Company 10218 - 100876507 Eastern Medical Services (Private) Limited 11295 - 100877007 The Trip Square Pvt Ltd 10578 - 100877210 Devon Teas Limited 10184 - 100877449 Unifi Textiles Colombo (Private) Limited 10232 - 100878704 Hayleys Tours (Private) Limited 10554 - 100878771 Venus Embellishers (Private) Limited 11205 - 100878852 Continental Tea (Private) Limited 10069 - 100879255 Aaron Textiles Lanka (Private) Limited 11074 - 100879328 A. A. N. De Zoysa 10550 - 100879565 Growth Clearing And Forwarding -
SVAT RIS Details Report As at - 2020-07-22
SVAT RIS Details Report As at - 2020-07-22 TIN No Taxpayer Name SVAT No Project Name 100871050 BLOOMBERG SOLUTIONS (PRIVATE) LIMITED 10342 - 100871130 XPLOSA CORPORATION (PRIVATE) LIMITED 11309 - 100871157 VIRCO INTERNATIONAL (PRIVATE) LIMITED 11465 - 100871483 CEILAN COIR PRODUCTS 10606 - 100872072 ONLY & COMPANY CREATIVE (PRIVATE) LIMITED 11530 - 100872234 STABI COOL ENGINEERING (PRIVATE) LIMITED 11670 - 100872420 CONSOLIDATED PRINTING (PVT) LTD 10086 - 100872722 THERMOTEX (PVT) LTD 11616 - 100873087 ALPINE CLOTHINGS POLPITHIGAMA (PVT) LTD 10040 - 100873532 VEEPEE AASAN SOLUTIONS LANKA (PRIVATE) LIMITED 10258 - 100873664 RAUX BROTHERS (PRIVATE) LIMITED 10230 - 100873834 HARITHA CONSULTANTS (PRIVATE) LTD 10531 - 100874083 INJINIA GLOBAL (PRIVATE) LIMITED 10328 - 100874164 BRIEF GARDEN (PRIVATE) LIMITED 10115 - 100874776 O C M LANKA (PRIVATE) LIMITED 10227 PROVIDING CUSTOMISIZED BAGGING SOLUTIONS AT PORT IN COLOMBO 100875160 SKY ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY (PRIVATE) LIMITED 10607 - 100875195 JEYA PACKAGING PVT LTD 10421 - 100875713 N D C EXPORTS (PVT) LTD 10163 - 100875950 MILLER HOLZ AND COMPANY 10675 - 100876353 THE TRIP SQUARE PVT LTD 10218 - 100876507 DEVON TEAS LIMITED 11295 - 100877007 UNIFI TEXTILES COLOMBO (PRIVATE) LIMITED 10578 - 100877210 HAYLEYS TOURS (PRIVATE) LIMITED 10184 - 100877449 VENUS EMBELLISHERS (PRIVATE) LIMITED 10232 - 100878704 CONTINENTAL TEA (PRIVATE) LIMITED 10554 - 100878771 AARON TEXTILES LANKA (PRIVATE) LIMITED 11205 - 100878852 A. A. N. DE ZOYSA 10069 - 100879255 GROWTH CLEARING AND FORWARDING (PVT) LTD 11074 -
Supplementary Table 1 GABA Contents in Pu-Erh Tea Sample Name Manufacturer Producing Area Storage Years GABA Content (Mg/100G)
Supplementary Table 1 GABA contents in pu-erh tea Sample name Manufacturer Producing area Storage GABA content years (mg/100g) Raw material Nan Jian Phoenix Nanjian County, Dali, 0.5 13.7 from first Tuocha Tea Yunnan industrial Factory fermentation 1st Turning from Nan Jian Phoenix Nanjian County, Dali, 0.5 15.4 first industrial Tuocha Tea Yunnan fermentation Factory 2nd Turning of Nan Jian Phoenix Nanjian County, Dali, 0.5 13.9 first industrial Tuocha Tea Yunnan fermentation Factory 3rd Turning of Nan Jian Phoenix Nanjian County, Dali, 0.5 12.6 first industrial Tuocha Tea Yunnan fermentation Factory 4th Turning of Nan Jian Phoenix Nanjian County, Dali, 0.5 10.0 first industrial Tuocha Tea Yunnan fermentation Factory 5th Turning of Nan Jian Phoenix Nanjian County, Dali, 0.5 8.4 first industrial Tuocha Tea Yunnan fermentation Factory 6th Turning of Nan Jian Phoenix Nanjian County, Dali, 0.5 4.7 first industrial Tuocha Tea Yunnan fermentation Factory 7th Turning of Nan Jian Phoenix Nanjian County, Dali, 0.5 2.4 first industrial Tuocha Tea Yunnan fermentation Factory Raw material of Nan Jian Phoenix Nanjian County, Dali, 0.5 12.3 second Tuocha Tea Yunnan industrial Factory fermentation 1st Turning of Nan Jian Phoenix Nanjian County, Dali, 0.5 14.5 second Tuocha Tea Yunnan industrial Factory fermentation 2nd Turning of Nan Jian Phoenix Nanjian County, Dali, 0.5 11.9 second Tuocha Tea Yunnan industrial Factory fermentation 3rd Turning of Nan Jian Phoenix Nanjian County, Dali, 0.5 12.1 second Tuocha Tea Yunnan industrial Factory fermentation -
GIAHS) Programme
Proposal of Candidate System for the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Programme Pu’er Tea Agricultural System Location: Pu’er City, Yunnan Province, China Center for Natural and Cultural Heritage Research Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research China Academy of Science April 6, 2012 Summary Information a. Country and Location: Pu’er City, Yunnan Province, P.R.C b. Name of the System: Pu’er Tea Agricultural System c. Area: 187,000 ha d. Ethnic Minorities: Hani, Yi, Dai, Lahu, Wa, Blang, Yao, etc e. Proponent/Requesting Organization: Pu’er Municipal Government f. Through NFPI: Center for Natural and Cultural Heritage Research (CNACH) of the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research(IGSNRR) of China Academy of Science (CAS) g. Governmental Counterparts and Other Partners: Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China Department of Agriculture of Yunnan Province Agriculture Bureau of Pu’er City Bureau of the Tea Industry of Pu’er City Yunnan University h. Summary Yunnan Province of China is the world’s provenance of tea trees. It’s also the province that boasts the largest area of wild tea tree communities and ancient tea plantations with the largest amount of old tea trees and wild tea trees. The area along the Lancang River is the center of the provenance. Proposing the Pu’er Tea Agricultural System as a pilot system of GIAHS is of great significance in terms of protecting and exploiting old tea tree resources, tea plantation ecosystem and tea culture in the Lancang River Basin and in the whole nation on a larger scale. -
China's National Tea Museum Pictures Typed
China’s National Tea Museum Pictures Typed Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………p3 The Initial Stage of Chinese Tea………………………………………………………………………………………………………p6 Tang Dynasty………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….p11 Song Dynasty………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….p15 Yuan & Ming Dynasty……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..p20 Qing Dynasty………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….p22 Processing & Production…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………p27 Development………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….p45 Introduction China National Tea Museum I visited China’s National Tea Museum in Hangzhou in June of 2014. While I was excited to visit the plantation, I wasn’t too excited to read through the museum at that day. So instead of spending all of my day reading each in everything in the museum, I decided to take pictures of all the descriptions and read them later. When I returned to the US, I realized that these images could be a very good resource for tea people who haven’t been to this museum. Unfortunately some of the photos were difficult to read, so I decided to work with the photos, to a point where I could read them and then type them. That is what led to all of this. This entire document contains images of the descriptions that are within China’s National Tea Museum in Hangzhou. While most of these images are mine, all of these images were taken within China’s National Tea Museum and all the information is theirs. I am not sure if I got all the descriptions within the Museum, but I did get a lot of them! This document is in the order of which I took the images, so some of it maybe in the actual order of the museum. Introduction Tea is one of China’s major contributions to mankind and world civilizations. -
Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of 30 Chinese Teas
antioxidants Article Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of 30 Chinese Teas 1, 1, 1 2, 1 1 Guo-Yi Tang y, Cai-Ning Zhao y, Xiao-Yu Xu , Ren-You Gan * , Shi-Yu Cao , Qing Liu , Ao Shang 1, Qian-Qian Mao 1 and Hua-Bin Li 1,* 1 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; [email protected] (G.-Y.T.); [email protected] (C.-N.Z.); [email protected] (X.-Y.X.); [email protected] (S.-Y.C.); [email protected] (Q.L.); [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (Q.-Q.M.) 2 Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (R.-Y.G.); [email protected] (H.-B.L.); Tel.: +86-21-3420-8533 (R.-Y.G.); +86-20-8733-2391 (H.-B.L.) These authors contributed equally to this work. y Received: 31 May 2019; Accepted: 14 June 2019; Published: 18 June 2019 Abstract: Tea has been reported to prevent and manage many chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases, and the antioxidant capacity of tea may be responsible for these health benefits. In this study, the antioxidant capacities of fat-soluble, water-soluble, and bound-insoluble fractions of 30 Chinese teas belonging to six categories, namely green, black, oolong, dark, white, and yellow teas, were systematically evaluated, applying ferric-reducing antioxidant power and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assays. -
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