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ANI HB OPOL OGICAL RECORDS 11:2 A MOHAVE HISTORICAL EPIC BY A. L. KROEBER UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES CALIFORNIA West of River East of River 1 Hamulye-ttieme 2 Amat-kuvataqanye A Miakwa orve 4 Arnata-hotave ........ 5 Hanemo- 'ara 6 Aksam-kusaveve....... 7 &okupita-to8ompove ...... B Avi-kutaparve ..... 8 Avi-itlierqe -+A 18o-kuva'ire. 1 KwilyeE)ki 2 Avi-tutara....... 3 Nyamasave-kwahave C Avi-kwa-'ahwata 6 Aqwer-tunyive SCT 7 Ahtlye~- 'samata 9 Amat-kukyeta.......... B Qara'erve Rc2ry'vile 10 Hukelyeme 10 Aha-kwae)o'ilye lOx Malyko-vet!ierqe 5 11 Huk0ara-tsimanive C Selye'aye-kumitle 12 Ahmo-ke-tlimpape +- D Sukwily-'ihu 2 M 13 Muhunyake 12 Aha-havasu NT QO E Aqwaq-iove 6.0~R 14 Hanyo-kumas8)eve 9........ 15 Kuya-k-aqwaEGa O6 15x Mobilye-halye-tapmevelo D Mat-aqwaE)-kutyepe .-4 F Selye'aye-tumatt ~-Mhv 17 Amai-nye-qotase 18 Aha-kevare E Hokusave G Kamahnulye E, 16 Oyatr-ukyulyuve 17 Akatai-vasalyve \ ............ F Hattioqvatveve -.H (Aha-so8ape 3.0....OO Hx Aha-kuma9)e'e ........ 20 Vanyor-ivava 20a Kamus-huvutatte - 328NAR 20b Akyase-t-EOitlive 21 Aha-tsepuve 23 2la I-x -tulkoro . 8R G Amat-kusayi if-.I Qav-kuivahaX. 35 Ix Hamka-vaaulveX 20 Av'a-eemulye o- 22 TS'ies-ivave 23 Aha-'anya .. ..... H Avi-haly-kwa'ampa -.J Amat-tasilyke .... ji Jx Ae'i-kupome Hbo24F 24 Sa ontlive, Seqwaltiive 4 24a Ahahta 25 Aha-kupinye, -kuminye ...........P5 PO 21 Selye 'aye-ittierqe .0 26 Aqaq-nyi-va 3-.**~~ 22 Amat-kaputior-a, -ilyase 25 Ihne-va'uve~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~2. A MOHAVE HISTORICAL EPIC BY A. L. KROEBER ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS Vol. 11, No. 2 ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS EDffORs: E. W. GIFFORD, R. F. HEIZER, J. H. ROWE Volume 11, No. 2, pp. 71-176, 1 diagram, 2 maps Sublnitted by editors February 2, 1951 Issued October 31, 1951 Price, $1.00 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES CALIFORNIA CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON, ENGLAND MAANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERCA CONTENTS Page Part 1. Circumstances and nature of the tale .................................71 Part 2. Outline of the story .. .. ...-.... 74 Part 3. Annotated text of the narrative ..................-.-.................0 go....... 77 A. he emigration from Mohave VaUey ................................................. 77 B. First attempted invasion ..............Is.....*......a........0 77 C. The second entry under Umase'lka......* * * ..........................a,.78 *** . D. The gambling boy..*. 0 0 0 79 E. The gambling boy's exile ......a.......................................... 82 F. The gambling boy's return . ................. 83 G. War: the gambling boy's people expel Umase'akas o ............ 85 H. The emigrants near the sea start to return. .. ..0 0.87 I. In the desert vith Hipahipa .. 88 J. Peaceful return to Mohave Valley under Hipahipa.. 0 93 K. Tensions commence and mount o. 96 L. The Mohave repel an attack but leave the valley .. 98 M. Preparation and return in force . -. 99 N. Beginning of the reconquest under Hipahipa . * ................................. .. .. .101 0. Completion of the reconquest underHhi-tutiflme. .-...* .o - . ..............102 P. The taking ofthe land by totemic kin groups ... ..........................................103 Q. The counterattack and its failure ..o...............o o o .......................... 104 R. A half-Walapai boy visits his Mohave kin ...*e .. 000... ......105 Part 4. Comparisons.000 ..0..........a.... ....... ............. .. 107 A. American cosmogonic and tribal myths ............................... ... 107 B. Other Mohave and Yuman narratives ..00@0000. .. ..................108 C. Epics and other literaryproducts ... ..o o o o . ........109 Part 5. The question of historic basis orlcbasls*. ............... .. .. ... .. .....110. A. Period covered by the narrative . ...o. 110 Chronological outline . .......... ............. 111 B. The supernatural element... ... .. ... ... .. 112 Summary of supernatural, magical, or exaggerated......................elements.....o o a o o 113 C. The totemic*an system . a . 114 I. Clans accounted for by land attributions in tale .*eo. ......................114 II. Comparison with Bourke's clan list . .. 116 III. Relative importance of clans .. ...oo . 116 IV. References in text of narrative to clans, clan names, and totems . a . .. 117 D. General considerationsas to hstoricityo ........... o o o o o o o ............................. 117 Part 6. Literary qualities of the tale .... .. ................................................120 A. Classified index of personages .......................................................... 120 I. Major Mohave leaders....................a........a............................120 H. Other Mohave leaders . ......... 123 III. Clan land-takers .................... ..124. IV. Foreign or enemy leaders 0.. ....... ..................124 V. Other non-Mohave personages.................... o o o 125o VIo Women . ....... .......126 B. Character portrayal and motivation. ............................. .0127 ... C. Plot and narrative skill. ......... 130 D. Exaggeration . .. * . ............131 E. Formal devices . ................ ...o . 132 F. Condensation i translation ............ 0.......................... 133 Part 7.Othererrsionsa. ............... .. ........ .... a 134 A. Kunalye's Hipahipa narrative .0. 0... .. .. 134 B. Episodic fragment from Nyavarup.............................. ......136 C. Vlnlmulye-patEe. 0.0................*** * 0 135 D. Coyote .0. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 136 E. Bourke'sfragmentsonmigration.*goooeO O ................... 136 iii Part 8. Geography and itineraries ....................................137 A. General consideration ............... 137 B. Mlohave Valley: Map1 . .... ...... 138 I. Miohave Valley, east side ....................138 II. Mohave Valley. west side. ................................ 140 III. Opposites in Mohave Valley .. .......... 141 C. The River beloNvwlohave Valley: Mlap 2 ..................................141 I. East side of river belov Mohave Valley o .. ... .............. 141 E. West side of river belowMohave Valley o .. .....a 143 III. Hipahipa's second invasion, trek up river .....o 143 IV. River portion of Hipahipa's journey from Kohoye to Ahakwarhel a ............................ 143 D. The Southeastern desert: Map 2 .. a . 144 I. he gambler in the desert:flight and return ....................a...........................144 II. Flight of Umase'ika's invaders back to the Gila. - o o o o o o o o o ............a......... 145 III. Comparative addendum Gd81um8a.. .o o ..................a.146 IV. Northward migrants turn east into desert ....... 147 V. Movements in the desert .......... .... 148 VI. Hipahipa's first nove from desert to valley . ... ... .. .. 148 VII. Hipahipa's return to desert after first residence in the valley . ...................... 148 VII. Hipahipa's summons, scalp dance, and beginning of second..........................148invasion ...*. XI. Hipahipa's notifications, scouting, and scalp taking ...-............. .........................149 X. General considerations about the southeastern desert . .. ...149 MAPS 1. Mohave Valley. frontispiece 2. The Colorado River below Mohave Valley and the desert to the east .. ..... tailpiece iv ABBREVIATIONS AAA-M American Anthropological Association, Memoir AFLS-M American Folk Lore Society, Memoir BAE Bureau of American Ethnology -B Bulletin -R Report JAFL Journal of American Folk Lore UC University of California Publications -AR Anthropological Records -PAAE American Archaeology and Ethnology REFERENCES There are a few anticipatory cross references, especially of place names, to Mohave narratives largely readied for publica- tion -- the text and footnotes now in final shape, the interpretation only partly written. These tales will form a third instal- ment of Mohave myths. The first instalment, Seven Mohave Myths (UC-AR 11:1, 1948) contained the following: I. Cane II. Vinimulye-patse III. Nyohaiva IV. Raven V. Deer VI. Coyote VII. Mastamho For convenience these will be cited by arabic numbers, giving number of myth and paragraph (1:14). The second instalment, the present Migration Epic, will be cited hereafter as 8. The third instalment will comprise IX. Origins X. Alyha XI. Tumanpa XII. Salt XIII . Chuhueche XIV . Goose XV. War XVI. Fragments There will also be cited in arabic, as Goose (14:40). Also ready for press are the text and notes (but not the commentary) of two historical narratives, one on tribal wars, the other on the Olive Oatman captivity. PHONETIC SYMBOLS AND DIACRITICS e English surd th, as in thick a English voiced th, as in this tJ English ch t Palatal t, with effect nearly of English tr q Velar k ny, ly Palatalized n, 1, as in onion, million; the y is not a vowel a, I, u Long 8,8 Long, open A MOHAVE HISTORICAL EPIC BY A. L. KROEBER PART 1 CIRCUMSTANCES AND NATURE OF THE TALE The story of the recording of this tale is this. individual Mohaves; but I now suspect that no one had then In a previous visit to the Mohave I had learned of their leamed and reelaborated a version of the migration legend in male-lineage clans or simulye, known each by the namewhich several decades. If this is a fact, it was the very last of the all the women bom in the clan shared, these names in turn crop of aged migration dreamers that I encountered at Need- having totemic reference or connotation, though in most of les about 1900 to 1905. the names no etymologic denotation of the totemic animal or However, in March, 1902, my customary guide and inter- object was apparent.
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    WULF: LIBRETTO compiled by Vic Hoyland [Since most of this score uses modern English, it will be acceptable to perform this work using a translation in the country of performance, as well as using segments in the original French, Icelandic, Anglo‐Saxon, Latin, ancient Greek and Scottish Gaelic. Please contact UYMP to discuss any translation of the English text.] Iliad, chapter 18 (of 24): Patroclus, Achilles’ companion, is killed in battle. Achilles’ emotional reaction is extreme. His screams are heard by his mother, Thetis, from the depths of the sea. She calls on her nymphs (Nereids) to come to her son’s aid. “With these the bright cave was filled, and the nymphs all alike, beat their breasts, and Thetis led the lament.” The names of ancient Greek sea nymphs are recalled throughout the work. Part I – WULF 1. Glauke te Thaleia te Kymodoke te Nesaie Speio te Thoe Halia te Kymothoe te kai Actaee kai Limnoreia Kai Melite kai Iera kai Amphithoe kai Agave Doto te Proto te Pherusa Dynamene te Dexamene te Amphinome kai Kallineira Doris kai Panope kai te Galateia Nemertes te kai Apseudes kai Kallinassa Te Klymene Ianeira te kai Ianassa Maera kai Oreithyia te Amatheia.1 5. Protesilaus, Echepolus, Elephenor, Simoisius, Leukos, Democoon, Diores, Pirous, Phegeus, Idaeus, Odios, Phaestus, Scamandrius, Pherecles, Pedaeus, Hypsenor, Astynoos, Hyperion, Abas, Polyidos, Xanthus, Thoon, Echemmnon, Chromius, Pandarus, Deicoon.2 6. Sigmund took his weapons, but Skarphedinn waited the while. Skyolld turned against Grim and Helgʹ, and they fought violently. Sigmund had a helmet on his head and a shield at his side and was girt with a sword, his spear was in his hand; he turns against Skarphedinn, and thrusts at him with his spear, and the thrust struck the shield.
  • Treasury of Olympus

    Treasury of Olympus

    IONIA Treasury of Olympus A Supplement for ZENOBIA by Günter D'Hoogh Written by Günter D'Hoogh © 2004 Additional material and assistance from Paul Elliott. Illustrations by Paul Elliott Acknowledgements It was a pleasure working on this project, being a history teacher it’s a fantastic feeling that it’s quite well possible to merge history and roleplaying together. I hope that the reader as much enjoys playing it as I enjoyed writing this little “Campaign Guide”. I especially want to thank Paul Elliott, the creator of the wonderful ZENOBIA. He has been my mentor, my great help and especially a very good friend who encouraged me when the spirit was low. Thanks Paul for letting me take part in your great adventure, for the editting work, for the maps and drawings, and for the fine articles you wrote in this book! I really hope we’ll see each other someday face-to-face my friend! Günter D’Hoogh 2 THE CONTENTS I INTRODUCTION II THE WORLD OF IONIA III CHARACTER CREATION IV GODS OF OLYMPUS V THE THESSALIAN WITCH VI MONSTERS & WILD ANIMALS VII PHILOSOPHY VIII TREASURES IX LABYRINTHS OF IONIA 3 I INTRODUCTION Ionia is a sleepy mountainous land steeped in history, a land of ancient cities that are home to philosophers, academics, poets and playwrights. Lost and forgotten beneath Ionia are the artefacts and treasures of the Olympian gods, harkening back to the Age of Heroes when Zeus, Ares and Athena walked the earth in disguise, when heroes like Achilles fought with magical invulnerability, when witches like Medea ruled secret enchanted islands.
  • The Lotus Used in Describing Continued on Page 3

    The Lotus Used in Describing Continued on Page 3

    “Drink your tea slowly and reverently, as if it is the axis on Volume 4, Issue 4 which the world revolves, - slowly, evenly, without rushing Block 8, May 2008 toward the future. Live the actual moment. Only this mo- ment is life..” -Thich Nhat Hanh (Vietnamese Buddhist monk) Imperialistic Domination: Relations between the Philippines and the US By Raquel Sáenz The United States a struggle ensued between pines has continued to be a has maintained a rather tu- the United States and the close ally with the United multuous relation with the Philippines, which resulted in States. Republic of the Philippines the deaths of one million throughout history. Through Filipinos. After this battle, Continued on Page 3... the imperialistic history of the Philippines remained the US, many Filipinos were under US control until 1946. subjugated by the American During this period of time, government. The Philippines, Filipinos were forced to now an independent nation serve with the US military in located in Southeast Asia, World War II. To this day, was under both Spanish and English remains one of the American control throughout official languages of the Phil- the past 500 years. From ippines, along with Tagalog. 1565 until 1898 Spain con- Nonetheless, about 180 dif- trolled the Philippines. In ferent languages and dialects 1899, the First Philippine are spoken throughout the Republic in Malolos was cre- islands. The influences of ated, but was later dissolved Spain can still be seen by the United States. Accord- through the periodic use of ing to both Spain and the Spanish, the predominance United States, the Philippines of Catholicism, and certain had been ceded to the US by Spanish influenced aspects of Spain.
  • Homer the Iliad

    Homer the Iliad

    1 Homer The Iliad Translated by Ian Johnston Open access: http://johnstoniatexts.x10host.com/homer/iliadtofc.html 2010 [Selections] CONTENTS I THE QUARREL BY THE SHIPS 2 II AGAMEMNON'S DREAM AND THE CATALOGUE OF SHIPS 5 III PARIS, MENELAUS, AND HELEN 6 IV THE ARMIES CLASH 6 V DIOMEDES GOES TO BATTLE 6 VI HECTOR AND ANDROMACHE 6 VII HECTOR AND AJAX 6 VIII THE TROJANS HAVE SUCCESS 6 IX PEACE OFFERINGS TO ACHILLES 6 X A NIGHT RAID 10 XI THE ACHAEANS FACE DISASTER 10 XII THE FIGHT AT THE BARRICADE 11 XIII THE TROJANS ATTACK THE SHIPS 11 XIV ZEUS DECEIVED 11 XV THE BATTLE AT THE SHIPS 11 XVI PATROCLUS FIGHTS AND DIES 11 XVII THE FIGHT OVER PATROCLUS 12 XVIII THE ARMS OF ACHILLES 12 XIX ACHILLES AND AGAMEMNON 16 XX ACHILLES RETURNS TO BATTLE 16 XXI ACHILLES FIGHTS THE RIVER 17 XXII THE DEATH OF HECTOR 17 XXIII THE FUNERAL GAMES FOR PATROCLUS 20 XXIV ACHILLES AND PRIAM 20 I THE QUARREL BY THE SHIPS [The invocation to the Muse; Agamemnon insults Apollo; Apollo sends the plague onto the army; the quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon; Calchas indicates what must be done to appease Apollo; Agamemnon takes Briseis from Achilles; Achilles prays to Thetis for revenge; Achilles meets Thetis; Chryseis is returned to her father; Thetis visits Zeus; the gods con-verse about the matter on Olympus; the banquet of the gods] Sing, Goddess, sing of the rage of Achilles, son of Peleus— that murderous anger which condemned Achaeans to countless agonies and threw many warrior souls deep into Hades, leaving their dead bodies carrion food for dogs and birds— all in fulfilment of the will of Zeus.
  • THE ELEMENTS of STYLE' (4Th Edition) First Published in 1935, Copyright © Oliver Strunk Last Revision: © William Strunk Jr

    THE ELEMENTS of STYLE' (4Th Edition) First Published in 1935, Copyright © Oliver Strunk Last Revision: © William Strunk Jr

    2 OLIVER STRUNK: 'THE ELEMENTS OF STYLE' (4th edition) First published in 1935, Copyright © Oliver Strunk Last Revision: © William Strunk Jr. and Edward A. Tenney, 2000 Earlier editions: © Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1959, 1972 Copyright © 2000, 1979, ALLYN & BACON, 'A Pearson Education Company' Introduction - © E. B. White, 1979 & 'The New Yorker Magazine', 1957 Foreword by Roger Angell, Afterward by Charles Osgood, Glossary prepared by Robert DiYanni ISBN 0-205-30902-X (paperback), ISBN 0-205-31342-6 (casebound). ________ Machine-readable version and checking: O. Dag E-mail: [email protected] URL: http://orwell.ru/library/others/style/ Last modified on April, 2003. 3 The Elements of Style Oliver Strunk Contents FOREWORD ix INTRODUCTION xiii I. ELEMENTARY RULES OF USAGE 1 1. Form the possessive singular of nouns by adding 's. 1 2. In a series of three or more terms with a single conjunction, use a comma after each term except the last. 2 3. Enclose parenthetic expressions between commas. 2 4. Place a comma before a conjunction introducing an independent clause. 5 5. Do not join independent clauses with a comma. 5 6. Do not break sentences in two. 7 7. Use a colon after an independent clause to introduce a list of particulars, an appositive, an amplification, or an illustrative quotation. 7 8. Use a dash to set off an abrupt break or interruption and to announce a long appositive or summary. 9 9. The number of the subject determines the number of the verb. 9 10. Use the proper case of pronoun. 11 11. A participial phrase at the beginning of a sentence must refer to the grammatical subject.