Beyond the Time, Within the Culture:A Preliminary Perspective of Confucianism As a Foundation in Chinese, Japanese and Korean Business Management Culture

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Beyond the Time, Within the Culture:A Preliminary Perspective of Confucianism As a Foundation in Chinese, Japanese and Korean Business Management Culture The 2010 conference on management in China Beyond the Time, Within the Culture:A Preliminary Perspective of Confucianism as a Foundation in Chinese, Japanese and Korean Business Management Culture Naixi Zhang Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 AV, the Netherlands E-mail: [email protected] , [email protected] Abstract: Confucianism, as one of the most panegyric ideologies, has great influence on oriental people’s thinking and living ways. Though it is concerned firstly with cultivating people’s ethical behavior and up- grading social welfare, it also greatly affects oriental countries’ (China, Japan and Korea) business world since many business characteristics are based on Confucius concepts. In this paper, the role of Confucius thinking in Chinese, Japanese and Korean business culture will be discussed. Besides, their similar and dif- ferent ways of adopting Confucius thinking is also including into this discussion. Key words: Confucianism, East Asian management, Hierarchical structure, Rule by man, Rule by law, thought of “Emphasize agriculture and restrain commerce” Research theme: Effectiveness of management tactics in cultural perspective cording to Drucker and Nakauchi (1997) Chinese are 1. Introduction developing a distinct and quite different management According to Hofstede (1980), before understanding how style and management structure. But actually Chinese people from one country do business, we must under- business does not have a clear management style; the stand its underlying culture. So what is culture? In Ha- most familiar character to the western world is “Guanxi segawa and Noronha’s (2009) opinion, Hofstede’s defi- (business relationship and networking), being flexible nition “the collective programming of the mind which and willing to bend the rules” (Burns, 1998, p39-41). distinguishes the members of the human group from an- This paper is going to explore Chinese business culture other” (1980, p25) is over simplified. There are numer- from Confucianism perspective. ous defining ways according to different research per- Japan as the only developed country in East Asia, its spectives. Hasegawa and Noronha’s (2009) definition of business culture and management style are well-known culture is “a system that contains values, beliefs, atti- all over the world. And with Samsung, LG and other tudes and behaviors shared by a group of people.” (2009, Korean multinationals rise, Korean business thinking p.105) Though it is still a simple one, it covers the basic style began to earn attention. Both as Chinese tributary ideological parts and elements of culture. states in the history, Japan and Korea are greatly edified This paper is going to look at the Confucianism’s in- by Chinese culture. Since Confucianism is the most in- fluence on business management culture. So depending fluential school of thought in ancient China, just like on Hasegawa and Noronha’s (2009) culture definition, Burns said “Confucianism, more a system of ethics than we define business management culture as “a business a religion, emphasizing obligations as a function of rela- system containing values, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors tionships…that has had the major influence on Chinese which can influence one country’s cooperate manage- life” (Burns,1998, p29). Besides, it also gains extreme ment and can eventually form its country’s business popularity in Japan and Korea in all walks of life. In the management styles.” modern history, compared with Japan and Korea, Chi- Confucian-based values have a deep and great influ- nese business has only started for 30 years which needs ence on Oriental people’s thinking and living styles from precious experience and model for further invention and politics, culture, and business to many other fields. As rational development. As it is Confucianism plays a basic Redding (2009) states “Chinese deep influence lies in the and vital role for the formation and perfection of both formative processes that made Japan, Korea, and Viet- business management cultures, Chinese business will nam.” And the GLOBE study identifies a Confucian Asia indeed be able to learn to get a certain useful experience cluster which includes China, Korea and Japan. from their practical use and refinement. Despite the growing economic power of China, Chinese What can Chinese learn from the two countries’ busi- business practices remain poorly understood (Martinsons ness use of Confucian thoughts and how to make the best and Westwood, 1997) even by Chinese themselves. Ac- use of them according to its own situation is the theme 77 978-1-935068-35-8 © 2010 SciRes. The 2010 conference on management in China for this paper. And all of these principles have given birth to a New In this paper, the role of Confucius thinking in Japa- Asian industrial civilization. Japan, Korea and Singapore nese and Korean business culture will be discussed. Be- all have borrowed ideas from ancient Chinese philosophy sides, their similar and different ways of adopting Con- and reinterpreted them to their current conditions. In fucius thinking is also including into discussion. Cer- Martinson and Westwood’s (1997) opinion, all these tainly, not every word of Confucius is right, so how does three countries have succeed in developing a manage- each country understand his thinking and make best use ment style of their own based on a blending of Confu- for itself will be looked into. In front of Japanese and cianism and Western scientific management. Korean’s precious experiences and lessons, can China But, Confucius also made an amount of negative re- achieve a more meaningful implementation of Confu- marks and arguments about business, which is not suit cius’ words in building Chinese own business and man- for the development of one country’s business environ- agement style in the 21st century is the final goal of this ment. E.g., in his opinion, hierarchy and rank are ex- research. tremely important, including doing business, so to a cer- tain degree, decision making process is from top level to 2. Biography the working people, and the authority and decisions of As Plato in the west, Confucius is one of the greatest superiors can not be questioned because of the hierar- thinker and educator in the history of China (Min Yang, chical order, and this brought many problems for Chi- 2006, p50). Confucius (551-479 B.C.) was born at Zouyi, nese business development; From Confucius’ point of now south-east of Qufu city, Shandong Province. He is view, relationships are more significant for people to regarded as one of the most brilliant Chinese culture to- solve problems than laws, so in another way of saying, tems and souls for his three great contributions: first, he Confucius prefers “Rule by Man” rather than “Rule by complied and preserved three generations’ literary work, Law”, which is also an obstacle for modern management; namely as The Six Classics including Shi (The Book of due to the limitation of the agriculture society, in the Songs), Shu (Collection of Ancient Texts), Li (The Rites), deep heart of Confucius, he treats business and busi- Yue (The Music), Yi (The Book of Changes), and Chun nessmen as distrustful; and unethical, which is not a Qiu (The Spring and Autumn Annuals). The accom- good sign for society to build a healthy business envi- plishment of the above six great books makes an enor- ronment. mous impact on the succession and development of the 3. Literature Summary traditional Chinese culture. Second, Confucius estab- lished a system of “ren” (benevolence) philosophy, Martinsons and Westwood (1997) point out that “Confu- which is also the theme of his Analects. Based on ren, cian-based values and behaviors distinguish Chinese Confucius puts forward the concept of li referring to a set management system from their Anglo-American coun- of ritual and musical systems, with the hierarchical sys- terparts. The Japanese, Korean and Chinese all rooted in tem as its core. Third, Confucius established private the social ethic espoused by Confucius and his princi- schools and founded a systematic educational framework. ples.” Noronha (2009, p114) adds that since Japan im- And his philosophical thoughts are still valuable in ap- ported Confucian philosophy more than a thousand years plication today. (Min Yang, 2006, p51) ago from China, now it has been a central tenet for Japa- Japan and Korea were used to be Chinese dependen- nese life. The characteristics such as filial piety, hierar- cies in the history, especially during Tang Dynasty chical social relationships and virtuous behavior towards (618-907AC), Chinese classic culture did a mighty and others mainly form today’s Japanese culture. When ana- powerful enlightenment on both Japan and Korean Pen- lyzing Korea, Hemmert (2009, p 245) states that Korean insula. cultural tradition is strongly linked to the Confucianism Confucius provides numerous good influences on peo- and emphasizes values as “filial piety, loyalty to senior ple’s thinking and the ways of solving problems, these individuals within a hierarchy and trust between friends excellencies also affect business and management world and colleagues”. So, from the above statement, we get profoundly. He holds diligence, responsibility, thrift, Confucius-based culture values for these three countries, promptness, co-operation, and learning in esteem, and all but there are still critical differences between the three of these are the precious merits for businessmen. Also, he where “Japanese are akin to a block of granite while emphasizes on harmony among people which can reduce Chinese resemble a tray of loose sand. So, Chinese conflicts and helps to ensure a smooth process of running management style is different from North America, a business. Besides, in Confucius opinion, business Europe, even Japan and Korea.” (Martinsons and West- should be based on the principle of Yi (righteousness), wood, 1997) Chinese management style is mainly de- and only in this way, can a business eliminating illegal pending on traditional Confucianism, and still on its way profits and reach long-term expansion.
Recommended publications
  • The Significance of Anime As a Novel Animation Form, Referencing Selected Works by Hayao Miyazaki, Satoshi Kon and Mamoru Oshii
    The significance of anime as a novel animation form, referencing selected works by Hayao Miyazaki, Satoshi Kon and Mamoru Oshii Ywain Tomos submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Aberystwyth University Department of Theatre, Film and Television Studies, September 2013 DECLARATION This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not being concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. Signed………………………………………………………(candidate) Date …………………………………………………. STATEMENT 1 This dissertation is the result of my own independent work/investigation, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged explicit references. A bibliography is appended. Signed………………………………………………………(candidate) Date …………………………………………………. STATEMENT 2 I hereby give consent for my dissertation, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. Signed………………………………………………………(candidate) Date …………………………………………………. 2 Acknowledgements I would to take this opportunity to sincerely thank my supervisors, Elin Haf Gruffydd Jones and Dr Dafydd Sills-Jones for all their help and support during this research study. Thanks are also due to my colleagues in the Department of Theatre, Film and Television Studies, Aberystwyth University for their friendship during my time at Aberystwyth. I would also like to thank Prof Josephine Berndt and Dr Sheuo Gan, Kyoto Seiko University, Kyoto for their valuable insights during my visit in 2011. In addition, I would like to express my thanks to the Coleg Cenedlaethol for the scholarship and the opportunity to develop research skills in the Welsh language. Finally I would like to thank my wife Tomoko for her support, patience and tolerance over the last four years – diolch o’r galon Tomoko, ありがとう 智子.
    [Show full text]
  • 12 the Way.Pdf
    Hi Soulful Song Lovers and Story Tellers, This is the twelfth Friday PDF that we’re emailing or posting on the webpage about songs, stories, storytelling, community, or personal/spiritual growth until we meet again. Sharing our stories, beliefs, and experiences around a theme suggested by a song is a pathway to our higher, better selves. Some who have been exemplars of what this journey could look like—Jesus, Lao Tzu, and others—have had the path they followed/emblazoned referred to as “The Way.” When we seek or walk The Way, sometimes we have company (a mentors, a book, etc.) but in the final analysis, in the words of the song “Lonesome Valley,” “Nobody here can walk it for you, You gotta walk it by yourself.” Some of the people who shine their light so we can find The Way include singer/songwriter Tift Merritt, Thoreau, Rachel Naomi Remen, Sophia Lyon Fahs, John Steinbeck, James Baldwin, Barbara Holmes, and more. If you’d like to get these PDFs emailed to you, register with Jessica Pond, [email protected]. We sorely miss you and your stories. We miss hugs and laughter and coffee/tea with you. We know these mailings are no substitute for meeting face-to-face, but hope that they, in some small way, may fill the gap until we meet again. Take the spirit of Soulful Songs and Stories with you wherever you go; share it, and we hope to see you all, healthy and happy, sooner rather than later. Namasté, Alice and Steve The Way / Lonesome Valley The idea for this week’s piece came from Eliza grimages leading to the shrine of the apostle Saint Borné,
    [Show full text]
  • Issue # 13 January/February, 2003 3
    Table of Contents About This Issue Holly's Note Zette's Note Holly's Workshop: Setting Goals Interview: Sharon Lee and Steve Miller Theme: Creating Characters A note on this issue's theme "A Touch of Madness" By Louis E. Catron Characters in Absentia By Rang Lieu Holly Lisle's Vision Issue # 13 January/February, 2003 3 Characters from the Soul By Linda Adams Full Fathom By Peggy Kurilla Characters and Settings By Bonnie Cowgill Characters are People By Feath MacKirin Stepping to Center Stage By Jon Chaisson Using the Plot-Character Interaction By Nick Kiddle Holly Lisle's Vision Issue # 13 January/February, 2003 4 When Characters Develop Minds of Their Own By Laura Brewer What Makes Good Characters By Forward Motion Members The Slush Pile By mistri A Dark and Stormy Night By Kim L. Cole Clad in the Beauty of a Thousand Stars By Lazette Gifford Fantasy: Getting Started in Fantasy Writing By Sandra C. Durham Holly Lisle's Vision Issue # 13 January/February, 2003 5 Mystery: Taking a Clue from the Pros By Russ Gifford Science Fiction: Changing the Valves By Bob Billing Epublishing This Is Not A Test By Lazette Gifford Puzzle By Cassandra Ward Book Review Two Books on Freelance Writing Reviewed By Radika Meganathan Holly Lisle's Vision Issue # 13 January/February, 2003 6 Website Review A Reject is Born By Jenny Mounfield Meet the Moderator JuneDrexler The November Madness Has Passed Good News From Forward Motion Masthead Guidelines Join Forward Motion Holly Lisle's Vision Issue # 13 January/February, 2003 7 Welcome to our third year of publication! Issue # 13 January/February, 2003 Featuring an Interview with Sharon Lee and Steve Miller s you can see, it's time for a few changes.
    [Show full text]
  • A Creed to Live by Don't Undermine Your Worth by Comparing Yourself
    A Creed To Live By A Hundred Years From Now Don't undermine your worth by comparing yourself A hundred years from now it will not matter what my with others. bank account was, the sort of house I lived in, or the It is because we are different that each of us is kind of car I drove but the world may be different special. because I was important in the life of a child. Don't set your goals by what other people deem A Man important. Only you know what is best for you. A man that made an impression on strangers and friends. Don't take for granted the things closest to your heart. Quiet but firm and even more stern. Cling to them as you would your life, for without Strength and courage I have learned from you, them life is meaningless. but being without you is hard to do. Don't let your life slip through your fingers by living A man with pride in every step he made. in the past or for the future. A man with vigor in every phrase. By living your life one day at a time, you live all the days of your life. The tears I’ve shed cannot surpass the smiles and the laughs we had with you. Don't give up when you still have something to give. To feel your pain I could not do, Nothing is really over until the moment you stop to feel your joy I cannot explain, trying. but being without you is hard to do.
    [Show full text]
  • ガンダム30周年記念 ガンダムシリーズ初の主題歌集dvd 8月25日に2枚同時リリース発
    <新商品情報> 2009年4月27日 ガンダム30周年記念 ガンダムシリーズ初の主題歌集DVD 「ガンダム OP/ED COLLECTION Volume1 -20th Century-」 「ガンダム OP/ED COLLECTION Volume2 -21st Century-」 8月25日に2枚同時リリース発売 バンダイビジュアル株式会社 住所:東京都品川区東品川 4-12-4 品川シーサイドパークタワー 社長:川城和実、資本金:21 億 8250 万円 バンダイナムコグループのバンダイビジュアル株式会社は、大人気アニメ「機動戦士ガンダム」 が2009年にTV放送30周年を迎えることを記念し、作品の主題歌(オープニング<以下、OP >とエンディング<以下、ED>)を収録したDVD『ガンダム OP/ED COLLECTION V olume1 -20th Century-』とDVD『ガンダム OP/ED COLLECTI ONVolume2 -21st Century-』(各3,000円/税込)を8月25日に発 売します。 ■ガンダム30周年記念商品!シリーズ初の主題歌集 『ガンダム OP/ED COLLECTION Volume1 -20th Century -』・『ガンダム OP/ED COLLECTION Volume2 -21st Centur y-』はガンダム30周年を記念し、2009年までに発表されたガンダムシリーズのTVアニメ とオリジナルビデオアニメ(OVA)の主題歌(OP、ED)映像をノンクレジットで収録したD VDです。Volume1は1979年「機動戦士ガンダム」から1999年「∀ガンダム」、同 時発売のVolume2には2002年「機動戦士ガンダムSEED」から2007年「機動戦士 ガンダム00」を収録。歌詞字幕のОN/OFF機能のほか、各OP/EDの全バージョンとアイ キャッチ(※)集を収録。さらにガンダム30周年記念店頭PⅤの収録を予定しています。 ※テレビ番組でCMを放送するその前後に映される番組タイトルクレジット ―Volume1― 「翔べ!ガンダム」(池田鴻)、「STAND UP TO THE VICTORY ~トゥ・ザ・ヴィク トリー~」(川添智久)、「JUST COMMUICATION」(TWO-MIX)ほか ―Volume2― 「INVOKE-インヴォーク-」(T.M.Revolution)、「FIND THE WA Y」(中島美嘉)、「DAYBREAK‘S BELL」(L’Arc~en~Ciel)ほか 「機動戦士ガンダム」30周年記念プロジェクト バンダイナムコグループは“機動戦士ガンダム30周年プロジェクト”を始動。ガンダムファン の皆さんへの感謝の気持ちを込めたイベントや商品発売など様々な企画をグループ横断で展開して いきます。 コンセプト :「Always Beginning いつだって始まりだ。」 プロジェクト:Real G「機動戦士ガンダム」等身大(18m)立像(7月上旬~8月末) Feel G「GUNDAM BIG EXPO」開催(8月21日~8月23日) Soul G「ガンダムと音楽のコラボレーションイベント」 1 <商 品 概 要> DVD『ガンダム OP/ED COLLECTION Volume 1 -20th Century-』 発売日 :2009年8月25日 ※2010年3月31日までの期間限定販売 希望小売価格:3,000円(税込) 収録時間:約70分 スペック :リニアPCM(ステレオ)/片面2層/スタンダード 映像特典:30周年記念PV(予定) DVD『ガンダム OP/ED COLLECTION
    [Show full text]
  • The Lotus Used in Describing Continued on Page 3
    “Drink your tea slowly and reverently, as if it is the axis on Volume 4, Issue 4 which the world revolves, - slowly, evenly, without rushing Block 8, May 2008 toward the future. Live the actual moment. Only this mo- ment is life..” -Thich Nhat Hanh (Vietnamese Buddhist monk) Imperialistic Domination: Relations between the Philippines and the US By Raquel Sáenz The United States a struggle ensued between pines has continued to be a has maintained a rather tu- the United States and the close ally with the United multuous relation with the Philippines, which resulted in States. Republic of the Philippines the deaths of one million throughout history. Through Filipinos. After this battle, Continued on Page 3... the imperialistic history of the Philippines remained the US, many Filipinos were under US control until 1946. subjugated by the American During this period of time, government. The Philippines, Filipinos were forced to now an independent nation serve with the US military in located in Southeast Asia, World War II. To this day, was under both Spanish and English remains one of the American control throughout official languages of the Phil- the past 500 years. From ippines, along with Tagalog. 1565 until 1898 Spain con- Nonetheless, about 180 dif- trolled the Philippines. In ferent languages and dialects 1899, the First Philippine are spoken throughout the Republic in Malolos was cre- islands. The influences of ated, but was later dissolved Spain can still be seen by the United States. Accord- through the periodic use of ing to both Spain and the Spanish, the predominance United States, the Philippines of Catholicism, and certain had been ceded to the US by Spanish influenced aspects of Spain.
    [Show full text]
  • THE ELEMENTS of STYLE' (4Th Edition) First Published in 1935, Copyright © Oliver Strunk Last Revision: © William Strunk Jr
    2 OLIVER STRUNK: 'THE ELEMENTS OF STYLE' (4th edition) First published in 1935, Copyright © Oliver Strunk Last Revision: © William Strunk Jr. and Edward A. Tenney, 2000 Earlier editions: © Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1959, 1972 Copyright © 2000, 1979, ALLYN & BACON, 'A Pearson Education Company' Introduction - © E. B. White, 1979 & 'The New Yorker Magazine', 1957 Foreword by Roger Angell, Afterward by Charles Osgood, Glossary prepared by Robert DiYanni ISBN 0-205-30902-X (paperback), ISBN 0-205-31342-6 (casebound). ________ Machine-readable version and checking: O. Dag E-mail: [email protected] URL: http://orwell.ru/library/others/style/ Last modified on April, 2003. 3 The Elements of Style Oliver Strunk Contents FOREWORD ix INTRODUCTION xiii I. ELEMENTARY RULES OF USAGE 1 1. Form the possessive singular of nouns by adding 's. 1 2. In a series of three or more terms with a single conjunction, use a comma after each term except the last. 2 3. Enclose parenthetic expressions between commas. 2 4. Place a comma before a conjunction introducing an independent clause. 5 5. Do not join independent clauses with a comma. 5 6. Do not break sentences in two. 7 7. Use a colon after an independent clause to introduce a list of particulars, an appositive, an amplification, or an illustrative quotation. 7 8. Use a dash to set off an abrupt break or interruption and to announce a long appositive or summary. 9 9. The number of the subject determines the number of the verb. 9 10. Use the proper case of pronoun. 11 11. A participial phrase at the beginning of a sentence must refer to the grammatical subject.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 0~9, A, 가 20면상의 아가씨 Re:제로부터 시작하는 이세계 생활
    일본 애니메이션 곡 1 0~9, A, 가 20면상의 아가씨 Re:제로부터 시작하는 이세계 생활 Unnamed World ★ 平野綾 Paradisus-Paradoxum MYTH & ROID 27873 히라노 아야 27946 Redo ★ 鈴木このみ 4월은 너의 거짓말 28631 스즈키 코노미 光るなら Goose House STYX HELIX MYTH & ROID 히카루나라 27743 27916 BALDR FORCE EXE RESOLUTION SD건담포스 KOTOKO little by little Face of Fact 26460 LOVE & PEACE ★ 28435 C SUNRISE ★ PUFFY (The Money Of Soul And Possibility Control) 28442 NICO Touches the マトリョーシカ ★ キミと僕 ★ I WiSH 마트료시카 28488 Walls 키미토보쿠 28196 ココロオドル nobodyknows+ Darker than black 고코로오도루 25933 From Dusk Till Dawn 27010 abingdon boys school Wake Up, Girls! HOWLING 26500 abingdon boys school 7 Girls War 27847 Wake Up, Girls! ツキアカリ Rie Fu 츠키아카리 27913 xxx홀릭 ツキアカリのミチシルベ ステレオポニー 19才 スガシカオ 츠키아카리노 미치시루베 26987 스테레오 포니 쥬우큐우사이 26229 스가시카오 覚醒ヒロイズム ~THE HERO WITHOUT A NAME~ ★ アンティック-珈琲店- NOBODY KNOWS ★ スガシカオ 카쿠세이히로이즘~THE HERO WITHOUT A NAME~ 28288 안카페 27881 스가시카오 蜉蝣-かげろう- ★ BUCK-TICK Ef a tale of memories 카게로우 28338 ELISA Euphoric Field ★ 28548 가정교사 히트맨 리본! Gosick-고식- 88 27016 LM.C yoshiki*lisa LM.C Destin Histoire ★ 28041 BOYS & GIRLS 26776 CHERRYBLOSSOM GTO Cycle ★ 28033 Driver's High 6899 L'Arc~en~Ciel DIVE TO WORLD 26993 CHERRYBLOSSOM しずく 奥田美和子 Drawing days SPLAY 시즈쿠 25305 오쿠다 미와코 26482 ヒトリノ夜 ポルノグラフィティ Easy Go ★ 加藤和樹 히토리노 요루 6943 포르노그라피티 28046 카토 카즈키 SxOxU H2O~Footprint in the sand~ Funny Sunny Day ★ 28056 カザハネ ★ 霜月はるか gr8 story ★ SuG 카자하네 27892 시모츠키 하루카 28061 片翼のイカロス 榊原ゆい Last Cross ★ 光岡昌美 카타츠바사노 이카로스 26742 사카키바라 유이 28080 미츠오카 마사미 J리그 위닝일레븐 택틱스 LISTEN TO THE STEREO!! 27054 GOING UNDER GROUND 雲雀恭弥(近藤隆)vs六道骸(飯田利信) 本日ハ晴天ナリ Do As Infinity Sakura addiction 히바리 쿄우야(콘도우 타카시)vs 혼지츠와 세이텐나리 25650 27018 로쿠도우 무쿠로(이이다 토시노부) NHK에 어서오세요! STAND UP! 26740 Lead 踊る赤ちゃん人間 大槻ケンヂと橘高文彦 アメあと ★ w-inds.
    [Show full text]
  • Basic Text, Narcotics Anonymous
    BBT6E_Softcover_8Apr08.epsT6E_Softcover_8Apr08.eps 110/14/20080/14/2008 110:24:110:24:11 AAMM NARCOTICS ANONYMOUS Other Publications Available from NA World Services Books It Works: How and Why Just for Today – Daily Meditations for Recovering Addicts The NA Step Working Guides Sponsorship General New M embers Who, What, How, & Why (IP 1) NA White Booklet Another Look (IP 5) An Introductory Guide to NA Just for Today (IP 8) Recovery and Relapse (IP 6) Living the Program (IP 9) Am I an Addict? (IP 7) Sponsorship (IP 11) One Addict’s Experience… (IP 14) For the Newcomer (IP 16) Self-Acceptance (IP 19) For Those in Treatment (IP 17) Money Matters: Self-Support in NA (IP 24) Welcome to NA (IP 22) Youth By Young Addicts, For Young Addicts (IP 13) For the Parents or Guardians of Young People in NA (IP 27) Public R elations Service Membership Survey Twelve Concepts for NA Service Information about NA The Group Booklet NA: A Resource in Your Community The Group (IP 2) PI and the NA Member (IP 15) Funding NA Services (IP 28) H&I Service and the NA Member (IP 20) Special Behind the Walls In Times of Illness The Loner — Staying Clean in Isolation (IP 21) Staying Clean on the Outside (IP 23) Accessibility for Those with Additional Needs (IP 26) For a complete list of NA literature in all languages, visit our website at www.na.org. NARCOTICS ANONYMOUS Sixth Edition O W S L L H E I P F A P D P R O V E Narcotics Anonymous World Services, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • 애니송북 제20탄 2020년 가을호 모바일용.Xlsx
    1, 애니 송 (일본) ♪ 3월의 라이온 orion 44128 米津玄師 요네즈켄시 4월은 너의 거짓말 オレンジ 44269 7!! 오렌지 キラメキ 44177 wacci 키라메키 光るなら 43859 Goose house 히카루나라 5등분의 신부 五等分の気持ち 44385 中野家の五つ子 고토분노 키모치 나카노케노 이츠츠고 BORUTO-보루토- バトンロード 44388 KANA-BOON 바톤 로드 B-PROJECT 快感*エブリディ 44554 B-PROJECT 카이칸 에브리데이 C マトリョーシカ 44006 NICO Touches 마트료시카 the Walls DARKER THAN BLACK From Dusk Till Dawn 43172 abingdon boys school HOWLING 42435 abingdon boys school 覚醒ヒロイズム~THE HERO WITHOUT.. 42720 アンティック-珈琲店- 카쿠세이 히로이즘 앤티크 커피점 ツキアカリのミチシルベ 43158 ステレオポニー 츠키아카리노 미치시루베 스테레오포니 GOSICK -고식- Destin Histoire 43355 yoshiki*lisa GTO Driver's High 41185 L'Arc~en~Ciel しずく 41213 奥田美和子 시즈쿠 오쿠다미와코 ヒトリノ夜 41237 Porno 히토리노 요루 Graffitti J리그 위닝일레븐 택틱스 本日ハ晴天ナリ 42082 Do As 혼지츠와 세이텐나리 Infinity NARUTO-나루토- ALIVE 40572 雷鼓 라이코 CLOSER 43013 井上ジョー 이노우에죠 Ding! Dong! Dang! 40070 TUBE Diver 43856 NICO Touches the Walls GO!!! 41759 FLOW Hero's Come Back!! 42526 nobodyknows+ if 43269 西野カナ 니시노카나 Lie-Lie-Lie 42510 DJ OZMA Sign 43872 FLOW wind 44381 Akeboshi (와인드) うたかた花火 43696 supercell 우타카타하나비 悲しみをやさしさに 41673 little 카나시미오 야사시사니 by little 言葉のいらない約束 44283 sana 코토바노 이라나이 야쿠소쿠 シルエット 43862 KANA-BOON 실루엣 青春狂騒曲 40500 Sambo Master 세이슝쿄소쿄쿠 透明だった世界 44047 秦基博 토메이닷타 세카이 하타모토히로 ニワカ雨ニモ負ケズ 43882 NICO Touches 니와카아메니모 마케즈 the Walls 遥か彼方 41835 ASIAN KUNG-FU 하루카 카나타 GENERATION ハルモニア 41979 RYTHEM 하르모니아 ブルーバード 42815 いきものがかり 블루버드 이키모노가카리 ホタルノヒカリ 43109 いきものがかり 호타루노 히카리 이키모노가카리 ラヴァーズ 43931 7!! 러버즈 가자 83084 펄스데이 너는 내게... 69551 토리 너를 보낸 나의 2야기 45479 장연주 오직 너만이 85220 이용신 투지 45657 버즈(Buzz) 풍운 88609 이승열 활주 45293 버즈(Buzz) NHK에 어서오세요! 踊る赤ちゃん人間 42233 大槻ケンヂと.
    [Show full text]
  • S. Srinivasa Sastri
    Speeches and Writings oj THE RIGHT HONOURABLE S. SRINIVASA SASTRI VOLUME 2 THE RT. HON'BLE V. S. SRINIVASA SASTRI BIRTH CENTENARY EDITION September 1969 Speeches and Writings of THE RIGHT HONOURABLE V. S. SRINIVASA SASTRI Volume 2 FIRST EDITION 22 September 1969 © South Indian National Association Srinivasa Sastri Endowment Fund PRICE : Rs. 20/- (set of two volumes); Rs. 10/- (each volume). Printed at The Jupiter Press Private Limited, Madras-18 CONTENTS PAGE LECTURES ON THE RAMAYANA : I. The Instructional Value of the Epic . 1 II. Rama, an Immaculate Human Being . 7 III. The Vali Episode . 21 IV. Repudiation of Sita . 44 V. Sugriva, the Trusted Friend . 59 VI. Vibhishana Vindicated . 73 VII. Ravana, Greatness without Goodness . 77 VIII. Ravana, the Mighty . 84 IX. Ravana's Infatuation for Sita . 100 X. Sita, the Unapproachable . 108 XI. The Abhisheka Ceremony of Rama and Sita 117 LETTERS .. 127 EDUCATION : The Schoolmaster's Test . 205 Convocation Address at Annamalai University 218 BIOGRAPHICAL ESSAYS AND SKETCHES : My First Meeting with Gokhale (1925) . 229 The Story of My Admission (1926) . 234 Rishi Ranade (1842-1901) 239 Sir P. S. Sivaswami Aiyar (1864-1946) . 25! V. Krishnaswami Aiyar (1863-1911) . 256 Sir C. P. Ramaswami Aiyar (1879-1966) . 271 MAIN EVENTS IN SASTRI'S LIFE . 277 LECTURES ON THE RAMAYANA 1 THE INSTRUCTIONAL VALUE OF THE EPIC THE Ramayana has been told to us times without number. Every line of it has been scanned and commented upon minutely, not hundreds, not thousands but millions of times over. We have all conned every little thing in it.
    [Show full text]
  • Pocket Program
    LoneStarCon 3 POCKET PROGRAM The 71st Worldcon August 29–September 2, 2013 San Antonio, Texas The Dedication Nin Soong Fong Who gave me heart and soul Elizabeth “Liz” Metcalfe Whose heart never really left Texas Wayne Fong Together we steered Starships: Qapla’ Some of these conversations are for you I miss y’all - Terry Fong “World Science Fiction Society,” “WSFS,” “World Science Fiction Convention,” “Worldcon,” “NASFiC,” “Hugo Award” and the distinctive design of the Hugo Award Rocket are service marks of the World Science Fiction Society, an unincorporated literary society. “LoneStarCon 3” is a service mark of ALAMO, Inc., a 501(c)(3) nonprofit, tax-exempt corporation, registered in Texas. Getting Started Welcome To loneSTarcon 3! There and back again....or deja’ vu all over again. For years, Bill and Randy’s modus operandi at a Worldcon With apologies to J. R. R. Tolkien and Yogi Berra. This journey, was to be up early for breakfast to be sure they made the like many great adventures, began in a bar (or behind one first panel of the day (and yes, starting at 9 or 10 in the anyway). Back in the early 1990s when the bid was underway morning there is always a cool program item...so go take for LoneStarCon 2, we both volunteered to help with the bid. your pick!). A day of constant activity moving back and forth GETTING STARTED In those early days that entailed table sitting (one of fandom’s between art show, dealers’ room, exhibits, and multiple thankless jobs), door greeter at the parties, and quite often panels, then shifting to evening events and finally parties.
    [Show full text]