Factors Controlling the Deuterium Contents of Sedimentary Hydrocarbons
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Characterization of N-Alkanes, Pristane and Phytane in the Cretaceous/ Tertiary Boundary Sediments at Kawaruppu, Hokkaido, Japan
Geochemical Journal, Vol. 33, pp. 285 to 294, 1999 Characterization of n-alkanes, pristane and phytane in the Cretaceous/ Tertiary boundary sediments at Kawaruppu, Hokkaido, Japan HAJIME MITA and AKIRA SHIMOYAMA Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan (Received December 24, 1998; Accepted April 22 , 1999) Normal alkanes from C12 to C36, pristane and phytane were identified in the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary sediments at Kawaruppu, Hokkaido, Japan. These compounds were found at the levels of sub to a few nmol g-1. Total concentrations of the n-alkanes within the boundary claystone were generally one third to one half of those in the sediments above and below the claystone. The smaller concentrations within the claystone were mainly due to smaller concentrations of longer chain n-alkanes (C25 to C31) than in the sediments above and below it. The longer chain n-alkanes were likely from terrestrial plants and reflected their small population at the end of Cretaceous. The concentration of longer chain n-alkanes decreased rapidly at the base of the boundary claystone, indicating the sudden cease of terrestrial n-alkane input, continued low to the horizon at the upper two thirds of the claystone and then, started increasing toward the top of the claystone. The n-alkane concentration change indicates the period of the small input of terrestrial n-alkanes to be ca. 7,000 years at most and the recovery period to be ca. 2,000 years. The depth distribution pattern of pristane plus phytane concentrations in the K/T sediments roughly resembles that of the n-alkanes. -
Carbon Geochemistry of Serpentinites in the Lost City Hydrothermal System (30°N, MAR)
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 72 (2008) 3681–3702 www.elsevier.com/locate/gca Carbon geochemistry of serpentinites in the Lost City Hydrothermal System (30°N, MAR) Ade´lie Delacour a,*, Gretchen L. Fru¨h-Green a, Stefano M. Bernasconi b, Philippe Schaeffer c, Deborah S. Kelley d a Institute for Mineralogy and Petrology, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland b Geological Institute, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland c Laboratoire de Ge´ochimie Bioorganique, UMR 7177 du CNRS, Universite´ Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France d School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA Received 18 June 2007; accepted in revised form 30 April 2008; available online 24 May 2008 Abstract The carbon geochemistry of serpentinized peridotites and gabbroic rocks recovered at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field (LCHF) and drilled at IODP Hole 1309D at the central dome of the Atlantis Massif (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 30°N) was exam- ined to characterize carbon sources and speciation in oceanic basement rocks affected by long-lived hydrothermal alteration. Our study presents new data on the geochemistry of organic carbon in the oceanic lithosphere and provides constraints on the fate of dissolved organic carbon in seawater during serpentinization. The basement rocks of the Atlantis Massif are charac- 13 terized by total carbon (TC) contents of 59 ppm to 1.6 wt% and d CTC values ranging from À28.7& to +2.3&. In contrast, 13 total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations and isotopic compositions are relatively constant (d CTOC: À28.9& to À21.5&) 13 and variations in d CTC reflect mixing of organic carbon with carbonates of marine origin. -
Lipid Analysis of CO2-Rich Subsurface Aquifers Suggests an Autotrophy-Based Deep Biosphere with Lysolipids Enriched in CPR Bacteria
The ISME Journal (2020) 14:1547–1560 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-0624-4 ARTICLE Lipid analysis of CO2-rich subsurface aquifers suggests an autotrophy-based deep biosphere with lysolipids enriched in CPR bacteria 1,2 3,4 1,3 3 3 Alexander J. Probst ● Felix J. Elling ● Cindy J. Castelle ● Qingzeng Zhu ● Marcus Elvert ● 5,6 6 1 7,9 7 Giovanni Birarda ● Hoi-Ying N. Holman ● Katherine R. Lane ● Bethany Ladd ● M. Cathryn Ryan ● 8 3 1 Tanja Woyke ● Kai-Uwe Hinrichs ● Jillian F. Banfield Received: 20 November 2018 / Revised: 5 February 2020 / Accepted: 25 February 2020 / Published online: 13 March 2020 © The Author(s) 2020. This article is published with open access Abstract Sediment-hosted CO2-rich aquifers deep below the Colorado Plateau (USA) contain a remarkable diversity of uncultivated microorganisms, including Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) bacteria that are putative symbionts unable to synthesize membrane lipids. The origin of organic carbon in these ecosystems is unknown and the source of CPR membrane lipids remains elusive. We collected cells from deep groundwater brought to the surface by eruptions of Crystal Geyser, sequenced 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: the community, and analyzed the whole community lipidome over time. Characteristic stable carbon isotopic compositions of microbial lipids suggest that bacterial and archaeal CO2 fixation ongoing in the deep subsurface provides organic carbon for the complex communities that reside there. Coupled lipidomic-metagenomic analysis indicates that CPR bacteria lack complete lipid biosynthesis pathways but still possess regular lipid membranes. These lipids may therefore originate from other community members, which also adapt to high in situ pressure by increasing fatty acid unsaturation. -
Olive Oil Jars Left Behind By
live oil jars left behind by the ancient Greeks are testament to our centuries- old use of cooking oil. Along with salt and pepper, oil Oremains one of the most important and versatile tools in your kitchen. It keeps food from sticking to pans, adds flavor and moisture, and conducts the heat that turns a humble stick of potato into a glorious french fry. Like butter and other fats, cooking oil also acts as a powerful solvent, unleashing fat-soluble nutrients and flavor compounds in everything from tomatoes and onions to spices and herbs. It’s why so many strike recipes begin with heating garlic in oil rather than, say, simmering it in water. The ancient Greeks didn’t tap many cooking oils. (Let’s see: olive oil, olive oil, or—ooh, this is exciting!—how about olive oil?) But you certainly can. From canola to safflower to grapeseed to walnut, each oil has its own unique flavor (or lack thereof), aroma, and optimal cooking temperature. Choosing the right kind for the task at hand can save you money, boost your health, and improve your cooking. OK, so you probably don’t stop to consider your cooking oil very often. But there’s a surprising amount to learn about What’s this? this liquid gold. BY VIRGINIAWILLIS Pumpkin seed oil suspended in corn oil—it looks like a homemade Lava Lamp! 84 allrecipes.com PHOTOS BY KATE SEARS WHERE TO store CANOLA OIL GRAPESEED OIL are more likely to exhibit the characteristic YOUR OIL flavor and aroma of their base nut or seed. -
Stable Carbon and Hydrogen Isotopic Fractionation of Individual N-Alkanes Accompanying Biodegradation: Evidence from a Group of Progressively Biodegraded Oils
中国科技论文在线 http://www.paper.edu.cn Organic Geochemistry 36 (2005) 225–238 Stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic fractionation of individual n-alkanes accompanying biodegradation: evidence from a group of progressively biodegraded oils Yongge Sun a,*, Zhenyan Chen b, Shiping Xu a, Pingxia Cai a a SKLOG, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wushan, Guangzhou 510640, PR China b Exploration and Development Research Institute of Liaohe Oil Field Branch Company, PetroChina, Panjing, Liaoning 124010, PR China Received 10 March 2004; accepted 16 August 2004 (returned to author for revision 16 April 2004) Available online 11 November 2004 Abstract Seven crude oils of known source and maturity, representing a natural sequence of increasing degree of biodegrada- tion, were collected from reservoirs in the Liaohe Basin, NE China, in an effort to determine the magnitude and direction of isotopic shift of carbon and hydrogen in individual n-alkanes during microbial degradation. The results show that bio- degradation has little effect on the carbon isotopic composition of the whole oil. However, a sequential loss of n-alkanes leads to 13C depletion of the bulk residual saturate fraction. The stable carbon isotopic compositions of aromatics and macromolecular organic matter (resins and asphaltenes) follow a pattern, with an overall trend towards 13C enrichment of 0.8–1.7& in the residues. The stable carbon and hydrogen isotope values of individual n-alkanes demonstrate that they follow different trends during biodegradation. No significant carbon isotopic fractionation occurs for n-alkanes during slight to moderate biodegradation. However, there is a general increase of up to 4& in the d13C values of low molecular weight n-alkanes (C15–C18) during heavy biodegradation. -
Development of Compound-Specific Hydrogen Isotope Ratio Analysis Of
Development of Compound-Specific Hydrogen Isotope Ratio Analysis of Biomarkers and their Application as New Proxy for Reconstruction of Palaeoenvironment and Palaeoclimate Entwicklung komponentenspezifischer Wasserstoffisotopen- Analyse von Biomarkern und deren Anwendung als neuartiger Proxy zur Rekonstruktion von Paläoumwelt und Paläoklima Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) vorgelegt dem Rat der Chemisch-Geowissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena von Diplom Geologe Jens Radke geboren am 20.2.1967 in Bremerhaven Gutachter: 1. Prof.Dr.R.Gaupp 2. PD.Dr.G.Gleixner Tag der öffentlichen Verteidigung: 18.1.2006 Printed on 100% recycled paper (after ISO9706, 133 CIE, DIN 6738 LDK 24-85) Content Content ABSTRACT KURZFASSUNG ABBREVIATIONS 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 2 FRACTIONATION OF WATER ISOTOPES IN THE ENVIRONMENT ........................................ 2 2.1 Fractionation of water isotopes in the climate system......................................... 2 2.2 Fractionation of hydrogen in the biosynthesis of plant biomass.......................... 3 3 SEDIMENTS AND METHODS........................................................................................ 6 3.1 Sediment samples and stratigraphic framework ................................................. 6 3.2 Sample preparation for bulk and compound specific analysis ............................ 8 3.2.1 Sample -
Saturated, Unsaturated, and Trans Fat
Lifestyle Coach Facilitation Guide: Post-Core Fats - Saturated, Unsaturated, and Trans Fat Content Overview This session answers the question “what is fat?” It explores the different types of fat, and shows which fats are healthy (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) and which fats are unhealthy (saturated and trans fat). Participants learn tips for choosing foods with healthy fats and avoiding foods with unhealthy fats. More information on cholesterol appears in Post-Core Session: Heart Health. Lifestyle Coach Preparation Checklist Materials Post-core handouts: What is Fat? Healthy Fats: Omega-3, Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated Fats to Avoid: Saturated and Trans Fat Identifying Healthier Alternatives Tips for Choosing the Best Types of Fat “Food and Activity Trackers” “Lifestyle Coach’s Log” Balance scale Post-Core: Fats – Saturated, Unsaturated, and Trans Fat Key messages to reinforce A completely fat-free diet would not be healthy, yet it is important that fat be consumed in moderation. The main types of “healthy” fats are monounsaturated and polyunsaturated. The main types of “unhealthy” fats are saturated and trans fat. Saturated fats are primarily found in foods that come from animals, such as meat and dairy. Try to switch to lower-fat versions of these foods. In order to avoid trans fat, look on nutrition labels for ingredients such as “partially hydrogenated” oils or shortening. In addition, look for trans fat in the nutritional information in products like commercially baked cookies, crackers, and pies, and fried foods. After the session At the completion of this session, do the following: Use the “Notes and Homework Page” for notes and follow-up tasks. -
Water-Based Lubricants: Development, Properties, and Performances
lubricants Review Water-Based Lubricants: Development, Properties, and Performances Md Hafizur Rahman 1, Haley Warneke 1, Haley Webbert 1, Joaquin Rodriguez 1, Ethan Austin 1, Keli Tokunaga 1, Dipen Kumar Rajak 2 and Pradeep L. Menezes 1,* 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA; mdhafi[email protected] (M.H.R.); [email protected] (H.W.); [email protected] (H.W.); [email protected] (J.R.); [email protected] (E.A.); [email protected] (K.T.) 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sandip Institute of Technology & Research Centre, Nashik 422213, India; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Water-based lubricants (WBLs) have been at the forefront of recent research, due to the abundant availability of water at a low cost. However, in metallic tribo-systems, WBLs often exhibit poor performance compared to petroleum-based lubricants. Research and development indicate that nano-additives improve the lubrication performance of water. Some of these additives could be categorized as solid nanoparticles, ionic liquids, and bio-based oils. These additives improve the tribological properties and help to reduce friction, wear, and corrosion. This review explored different water-based lubricant additives and summarized their properties and performances. Viscosity, density, wettability, and solubility are discussed to determine the viability of using water-based nano-lubricants compared to petroleum-based lubricants for reducing friction and wear in machining. Water-based liquid lubricants also have environmental benefits over petroleum-based lubricants. Further research is needed to understand and optimize water-based lubrication for tribological systems completely. -
Determination of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Sediments
UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME NOVEMBER 1992 Determination of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments Reference Methods For Marine Pollution Studies No. 20 Prepared in co-operation with IOC IAEA UNEP 1992 ~ i - PREFACE The Regional Seas Programme was initiated by UNEP in 1974. Since then the Governing Conncil ofUNEP has repeatedly endorsed a regional approach to the control of marine pollution and the management of marine and coastal resources and has requested the development of regional action plans. The Regional Seas Progranune at present includes ten regions and has over 120 coastal States participating in it (1),(2). One of the basic components of the action plans sponsored by UNEP in the framework of the Regional Seas Programme is the assessment of the state of the marine em~ronment and of its resources, and of the sources and trends of the pollution, and the impact of pollution on human health, marine ecosystems and amenities. In order to assist those participating in this activity and to ensure that the data obtained through this assessment can be compared. on a world-wide basis and thns contribute to the Global Environment Monitoring System (GEMS) of UNEP, a set of Reference Methods and Guidelines for marine pollution studies is being developed as part of a programme of c9mprehensive technical support which includes the provision of expert advice, reference methods and materials, training and data quality assurance (3). The Methods are recommended to be adopted by Governments participating in tbe Regional Seas Programme. The methods and guidelines are prepared in co-operation with the relevant specialized bodies of the United Nations system as well as other organizations and are tested by a number of experts competent in the field relevant to the methods described. -
And Thermo-Adaptation in Hyperthermophilic Archaea: Identification of Compatible Solutes, Accumulation Profiles, and Biosynthetic Routes in Archaeoglobus Spp
Universidade Nova de Lisboa Osmo- andInstituto thermo de Tecnologia-adaptation Química e Biológica in hyperthermophilic Archaea: Subtitle Subtitle Luís Pedro Gafeira Gonçalves Osmo- and thermo-adaptation in hyperthermophilic Archaea: identification of compatible solutes, accumulation profiles, and biosynthetic routes in Archaeoglobus spp. OH OH OH CDP c c c - CMP O O - PPi O3P P CTP O O O OH OH OH OH OH OH O- C C C O P O O P i Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in BiochemistryO O- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica | Universidade Nova de LisboaP OH O O OH OH OH Oeiras, Luís Pedro Gafeira Gonçalves January, 2008 2008 Universidade Nova de Lisboa Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica Osmo- and thermo-adaptation in hyperthermophilic Archaea: identification of compatible solutes, accumulation profiles, and biosynthetic routes in Archaeoglobus spp. This dissertation was presented to obtain a Ph. D. degree in Biochemistry at the Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. By Luís Pedro Gafeira Gonçalves Supervised by Prof. Dr. Helena Santos Oeiras, January, 2008 Apoio financeiro da Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (POCI 2010 – Formação Avançada para a Ciência – Medida IV.3) e FSE no âmbito do Quadro Comunitário de apoio, Bolsa de Doutoramento com a referência SFRH / BD / 5076 / 2001. ii ACKNOWNLEDGMENTS The work presented in this thesis, would not have been possible without the help, in terms of time and knowledge, of many people, to whom I am extremely grateful. Firstly and mostly, I need to thank my supervisor, Prof. Helena Santos, for her way of thinking science, her knowledge, her rigorous criticism, and her commitment to science. -
Wastewater Treatment and Reuse in the Oil & Petrochem Industry
Engineering Conferences International ECI Digital Archives Wastewater and Biosolids Treatment and Reuse: Proceedings Bridging Modeling and Experimental Studies Spring 6-13-2014 Wastewater treatment and reuse in the oil & petrochem industry – a case study Alberto Girardi Dregemont Follow this and additional works at: http://dc.engconfintl.org/wbtr_i Part of the Environmental Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Alberto Girardi, "Wastewater treatment and reuse in the oil & petrochem industry – a case study" in "Wastewater and Biosolids Treatment and Reuse: Bridging Modeling and Experimental Studies", Dr. Domenico Santoro, Trojan Technologies and Western University Eds, ECI Symposium Series, (2014). http://dc.engconfintl.org/wbtr_i/46 This Conference Proceeding is brought to you for free and open access by the Proceedings at ECI Digital Archives. It has been accepted for inclusion in Wastewater and Biosolids Treatment and Reuse: Bridging Modeling and Experimental Studies by an authorized administrator of ECI Digital Archives. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Wastewater Treatment and Reuse In Oil & Petrochemical Industry Otranto, June 2014 COMPANY PROFILE DEGREMONT, THE WATER TREATMENT SPECIALISTS 4 areas of 5 areas of expertise: activities: . Drinking water production . Design & Build plants . Operation & . Reverse osmosis desalination Services plants . Urban wastewater treatment . Equipment and reuse plants . BOT / PPP . Biosolid treatment systems . Industrial water production and wastewater treatment units plants 2 Wastewater Treatment and Reuse COMPANY PROFILE DEGREMONT, THE WATER TREATMENT SPECIALISTS In over For industrials: For local authorities: 70 . Energy . Drinking water countries, . Upstream oil and gas Degrémont offers . Desalination . Refining and solutions to local . Urban wastewater authorities and petrochemicals . Sludge and biosolids industries . Chemicals . Pharmaceutical, cosmetics, fine chemicals . -
The Crystal Structure of Pyrococcus Furiosus Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Reveals a Key Role for Oligomerization in Enzyme Stability at Extremely High Temperatures
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 95, pp. 2801–2806, March 1998 Biochemistry The crystal structure of Pyrococcus furiosus ornithine carbamoyltransferase reveals a key role for oligomerization in enzyme stability at extremely high temperatures VINCENT VILLERET*, BERNARD CLANTIN†,CATHERINE TRICOT‡,CHRISTIANNE LEGRAIN‡,MARTINE ROOVERS§¶, i VICTOR STALON†,NICOLAS GLANSDORFF‡§¶, AND JOZEF VAN BEEUMEN* *Laboratorium voor Eiwitbiochemie en Eiwitengineering, Universiteit Gent, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; and †Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Universite´Libre de Bruxelles, ‡Institut de Recherches du Centre d’Enseignement et de Recherches des Industries Alimentaires, Commission de la Communaute´ Franc¸aise de Belgique, Re´gionBruxelles Capitale, §Laboratorium voor Erfelijkheidsleer en Microbiologie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, and ¶Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie, avenue E. Gryson 1, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium Edited by Max F. Perutz, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom, and approved January 5, 1998 (received for review September 8, 1997) ABSTRACT The Pyrococcus furiosus (PF) ornithine car- lating agent (8). The involvement of such a thermolabile bamoyltransferase (OTCase; EC 2.1.3.3) is an extremely heat- intermediate in the metabolism of extreme thermophilic mi- stable enzyme that maintains about 50% of its activity after croorganisms raises the question of which mechanisms protect heat treatment for 60 min at 100°C. To understand the it from decomposition at elevated growth temperatures. Re- molecular basis of thermostability of this enzyme, we have cent results suggest that in Thermus aquaticus and Pyrococcus determined its three-dimensional structure at a resolution of furiosus (PF), CP is protected from the bulk of the aqueous 2.7 Å and compared it with the previously reported structures phase by channeling between carbamoylphosphate synthetase of OTCases isolated from mesophilic bacteria.