4 HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENTS Snitterfield to Wootton Wawen

HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT OF LOCAL SERVICE VILLAGES, STRATFORD-ON-AVON DISTRICT, COUNTY OF WARWICKSHIRE

4.31 HEA 31: Snitterfield

Introduction

4.31.1 Snitterfield is located falls within the parish of the same name c. 5km north of Stratford-upon-Avon, approximately centred on NGR SP 21570 59769. Snitterfield is thought to be early medieval in origin and is recorded as a pre-Conquest manor in the Domesday Survey of 1086. The place-name is recorded as ‘Snitefield’ in 1086; thought to derive from the Old English, meaning ‘open land haunted by snipe’ (Gover et al 1970).

4.31.2 First and second edition Ordnance Survey mapping shows a nucleated settlement pattern during the 19th century, clustering at the crossroads of The Green in the west and around the crossroads to the east of the village, around St. James’s Church. Subsequent 20th century development has expanded in a linear fashion along the main roads south of the village, including Church Road, Park Lane and Smith’s Lane, which led to settlement infilling in the north of the village. The available online geological mapping indicates that the village is located on bedrock of Mercia Mudstone with seams of dolomitic siltstone. The only recorded superficial deposits are alluvium (clay, silt, sand and gravel) associated with the Bell Brook and an area of glaciofluvial deposits (sand and gravel) to the south of the village.

FIGURE 31.1 SNITTERFIELD PRIORS DESIGNATED ASSETS MAP

Designated Heritage Assets (Figure 31.1)

4.31.3 A total of one Grade I and 21 Grade II listed buildings (SNI 1 – 22), lie within the 500m study area (see Appendix A). There are no scheduled monuments or registered park and gardens within the study area and the village has a conservation area, as designated by Stratford-on-Avon District Council. The Grade I listed building relates to the medieval parish church (SNI 1 and 32), located in the eastern end of the village.

Historic Environments Record Data (Figure 31.2)

4.31.4 A total of 26 heritage assets lie within the 1km study area; of which 17 lie within the 500m study area (see Appendix A). Of particular relevance are the areas of the historic core, focused around the village green in the west and the medieval church (SNI 32) in the east. The vicarage and garden lie to the north of the church (SNI 35); whilst to the south is the site of Snitterfield Hall (SNI 34), with the large open grounds of Park House beyond (SNI 33). The WHER also identified several undated features, comprising linear cropmarks in the west of the study area (SNI 46) and southeast of the village (SNI 44); and an undated earthwork, possibly a house platform, on the western side of the village (SNI 45). The linear cropmarks on SNI 46 appears to extend outside of the boundary shown by the WHER.

FIGURE 31.2 SNITTERFIELD HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD MAP

Aerial Photographs and LiDAR (Figure 31.2)

4.31.5 An assessment of readily available aerial photographic evidence and LiDAR data, held by the WHER, identified a number of possible features within the 500m study area. Possible features, excluding ridge and furrow, identified based on appraisal of these sources are mapped on Figure 31.2.

4.31.6 The online aerial photographic evidence suggests a linear cropmark in the northern part of The Green (SNI A); possibly relating to a boundary visible on the 1945 aerial photos. The WHER aerial photographic collection included a print centred on the field northeast of ‘The Wolds’ (SNI B) at the western end of the village. The field appears to contain some possible linear and circular cropmarks; although the quality of the image makes this difficult to interpret.

FIGURE 31.3 SNITTERFIELD HISTORIC LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISATION MAP

4.31.7 The LiDAR survey identified areas of ridge and furrow in the west of the study area, south of Griswolds Farm and a small area adjacent to Ingon Grange Garden (SNI 43) in the south. Further areas of ridge and furrow can be recognised from the aerial photographic evidence, located north and west of Griswolds Farm and in a field northeast of the site of Snitterfield Gasworks (SNI 37).

Historic Landscape Character (Figure 31.3)

4.31.8 The HLC mapping data depicts the surrounding area of Snitterfield settlement dominated by fieldscapes, many of which can be dated back to medieval times. Scattered around the medieval settlement core are several historical farmsteads. The area southwest of the settlement is occupied by a modern fruit plantation, while the eastern area is occupied by modern woodland.

FIGURE 31.4 SNITTERFIELD SENSITIVITY MAP

Assessment of Archaeological Sensitivity (Figure 31.4)

4.31.9 Areas of high sensitivity are considered likely in the area of the historic core, and its immediate surroundings, based upon the focus of past settlement activity being on both the church at the eastern end of the village (SNI 32), and the village green at the west (e.g. SNI 45).

4.31.10 The areas between these have been identified as being of medium sensitivity; and may contain evidence of settlement or associated activity. To the south, the grounds of Park House (SNI 33) are medium sensitivity, as are the grounds of Ingon Grange.

4.31.11 The cropmarks identified in this assessment (SNI A and SNI B) and those from the WHER (SNI 44 and SNI 46) have been classed as medium sensitivity, with a large area placed on the fields around SNI 46 where it appears that cropmarks might extend out of the WHER polygon. The area on the north side of the village green, between the settlement and SNI B has also been designated as medium sensitivity due to the potential for unidentified associated activity.

4.31.12 The areas of ridge and furrow have been denoted as medium / low sensitivity and the archaeological sensitivity in the rest of the area is considered low / uncertain. This includes the settlement activity on the north side of the histrionic core, where no archaeological finds or features have been recorded since these areas have been developed.

Conclusions and Recommendations

High Sensitivity

4.31.13 Within the areas of high sensitivity a programme of pre-determination assessment is likely to be required. Such work could comprise a mixture of detailed desk-based assessment; a programme of non-intrusive survey works; and / or programmes of evaluation trenching. Mitigation may be required (e.g. watching brief, survey work, open area excavation), depending on the results of the initial assessment work; and the results of the pre-determination assessment may be used to inform upon changes to the proposed development’s design scheme. Post-excavation works will also be required. Should remains of national importance be encountered, it is possible that programmes of in situ preservation may be required. Development which would adversely affect such remains (or their setting) would not be permitted.

4.31.14 It is highly recommended that consultation with the Planning Archaeologist in WCC’s Archaeological Information and Advice Team, be undertaken early as possible in order to determine the exact scope of works for specific sites. The need for pre-determination works and / or further mitigation will be dependent upon the size and scale of the proposed development. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Medium Sensitivity

4.31.15 Within the areas of medium sensitivity a programme of pre-determination investigation may be required, dependent on the size and scale of the development. Such work could comprise a mixture of detailed desk-based assessment; non-intrusive survey works; and / or programmes of evaluation trenching. In some instances, the need for survey works; and / or programmes of evaluation trenching may be attached to planning approval as a condition.

4.31.16 Within these areas there are no statutory constraints to propose development. It is recommended that pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist be undertaken in order to determine the exact scope of works for specific sites. This is particular relevant for the tentative areas of cropmarks in the west of the study area (SNI 46 and B) which may require pre-

determination fieldwork to assess nature, extent and presence of possible archaeology. Work may also be required in and around the area of the village green.

4.31.17 Mitigation (e.g. watching brief, survey work, open area excavation) may be required based on the results of the initial assessment work and / or pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist. Post-excavation works will also be required. Should remains of national importance be encountered during the pre-determination or mitigation works, it is possible that programmes of in situ preservation and changes to the proposed development design scheme may be required. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Medium – Low and Low Sensitivity

4.31.18 Within areas identified as low – medium sensitivity there are no statutory constraints to development. These areas comprise fields to the northwest of the settlement, identified as containing evidence of ridge and furrow ploughing. Depending upon its nature and extent, the ridge and furrow may contain value as either as a physical example of upstanding remains or evidence of past land-use; as well as the potential to conceal evidence of earlier activity.

4.31.19 For this reason, pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist is recommended in order to determine the exact scope of works for specific sites. Due to the uncertainty of the archaeological resource in this area, a programme of pre-determination assessment may be required (dependent upon the size and scale of the proposed development) which could comprise a basic archaeological assessment including a site visit to assess the nature of the ridge and furrow and appraisal of the likely impact from the proposed development works.

4.31.20 Based on the results of this initial assessment and / or pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist, further works may be recommended, such as programmes of non-intrusive survey, evaluation trenching and / or watching briefs, attached to planning approval as a condition. Further mitigation may be required based on the results of the initial assessment work and / or pre- planning consultation. Post-excavation works will also be required. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

4.31.21 Within areas identified as low sensitivity there are no statutory constraints to development. It is recommended that pre-submission consultation is undertaken with the WCC Planning Archaeologist to confirm the scope of works. Within these areas, programmes of pre-determination fieldwork are unlikely, although this is dependent on the size and scale of the development. A heritage statement (identifying likely constraints and development impact) may be required to be submitted with the planning application.

4.31.22 Dependent on the size and scale of the development, further works / mitigation may be required and attached as conditioned to planning approval. Such works could comprise programmes of evaluation trenching, survey work and / or watching brief. As with all sites, should remains of national importance be encountered during the pre-determination or mitigation works, it is possible that programmes of in situ preservation and changes to the proposed development design scheme may be required. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Conservation Area and Listed Buildings

4.31.23 For any new development / alterations within or adjacent to the extent of the conservation area, it is recommended that early consultation is undertaken with the Stratford-on-Avon Conservation Officer. Works within the conservation area will require Conservation Area Consent and all works will need to consider the visual impact of the area and its setting. Similar consideration should be made of the

impact upon character of listed buildings within the study area, and their setting. Any alterations or demolition would require Listed Building Consent. Consultation with English Heritage may be required for the highest grade of buildings. This is in line with Policies EF.12, EF.13 and EF.14 of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

4.32 HEA 32: Stockton

Introduction

4.32.1 Stockton is located within the parish of the same name, c. 25km northeast of Stratford-upon-Avon; approximately centred on NGR SP 43696 63946. Stockton is first recorded as Stocton in 1272. The name is thought to relate to the to Old English meaning ‘stump enclosure or farm’ (Gover et al 1970). First and second edition Ordnance Survey mapping shows a nucleated settlement pattern during the 19th century, primarily located just south of Napton Road and running northwest to southeast. This is contained within a medieval settlement polygon. Subsequent 20th century development is shown expanding southwestwards of the medieval settlement, although there is some expansion on the north side of Napton Road.

4.32.2 The available online geological mapping indicates that the majority of the village lies on Rugby Limestone (mudstone and limestone interbedded) with the northern part of the village located on Charmouth Mudstone. Superficial deposits, glaciofluvial deposits of sand and gravel (mid Pleistocene) and Thrussington Member, are recorded close to the line of the A26 route.

FIGURE 32.1 STOCKTON DESIGNATED ASSETS MAP

Designated Heritage Assets (Figure 32.1)

4.32.3 A total of one Grade II* and 9 Grade II listed buildings (STO 1 – 10), lie within the 500m study area (see Appendix A). There are no scheduled monuments or registered park and gardens within the study area and the village has no conservation area, as designated by Stratford-on-Avon District Council. The Grade II* listed building relates to the site of the medieval Church of St. Michael (STO 1 and 18) located in the east / southeast of the village.

FIGURE 32.2 STOCKTON HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD MAP

Historic Environments Record Data (Figure 32.2)

4.32.4 A total of 40 heritage assets lie within the 1km study area; of which 21 lie within the 500m study area (see Appendix A). The majority of these heritage assets date to the post-medieval / imperial period and include extensive areas of quarrying activity (with associated features) to the north and northeast of the village. Other post-medieval evidence in the study area includes brickworks (STO 30); the site

of windmills (STO 28 and 29); and a villa and pleasure garden (STO 45) situated at the north- western end of the village.

4.32.5 Earlier, medieval, activity is suggested through the village church (STO 18) and a large moated site (STO 16) in the eastern end of the village’s historic core. To the southwest of this, archaeological evaluation works indentified evidence of medieval ridge and furrow and medieval pottery (STO 15).

4.32.6 Prehistoric evidence was noted during investigations in the west of the study area and included Iron Age ditch and pit groups (STO 11, 12 and 13); although this area is now part of a large modern quarrying operation. The only other notable find is a Roman coin hoard recorded on the VCH as being found in Stockton (STO 14) – however the actual location is unknown.

FIGURE 32.3 STOCKTON HISTORIC LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISATION MAP

Aerial Photographs and LiDAR (Figure 32.2)

4.32.7 An assessment of readily available aerial photographic evidence and LiDAR data, held by the WHER, identified a number of possible features within the 500m study area. Possible features, excluding ridge and furrow, identified based on appraisal of these sources are mapped on Figure 32.2.

4.32.8 The most notable features identified from the aerial photography was an area of possible linear and rectilinear cropmarks, visible on online aerial photographic evidence (dated 2006), in a field on the southwest of the study area (STO A). It is not known what these features are and they are not visible on other aerial photographic sources.

4.32.9 Ridge and furrow was noted to the northwest of the village and in an isolated area on the south (adjacent to Rectory Farm); however overall there was a limited amount of ridge and furrow in the study area as compared to the other villages.

Historic Landscape Character (Figure 32.3)

4.32.10 The HLC mapping data highlights the nucleated nature of the settlement, expanding southwestwards of the medieval settlement. The settlement is surrounded by rectilinear planned enclosure fields, those being larger in size to the south. These have predominantly remained the same since the 19th century, with farmsteads developing in sporadic fashion to the southeast and north of the village.

Assessment of Archaeological Sensitivity (Figure 32.4)

4.32.11 Areas of high sensitivity are considered likely in the area of the historic core and the area around the medieval church and moated sites (STO 16 and 18).

4.32.12 The undated cropmark (STO 49) close to the church and moat end of the village, could be evidence of shrunken settlement and has been marked as high sensitivity, as have the areas between this and the village. A buffer of medium sensitivity is shown around this area, due to the potential for associated activity. The area of linear cropmarks in the southwest of the study area (STO A) is also medium, due to the uncertainty of these features. The sites of the post-medieval windmills (STO 28 and 29) and the post-medieval villa and pleasure garden (STO 45) to the northwest of the village and are medium sensitivity. The nature and extent of any features within these gardens is unknown.

4.32.13 Areas of ridge and furrow have been denoted as medium / low sensitivity. These areas on the northwest and southern side of the village may shield evidence of earlier activity (as shown on STO 15).

4.32.14 The archaeological sensitivity in the rest of the area is considered low / uncertain, with areas of neutral sensitivity across the extent of post-medieval and modern quarrying activity in the north and west of the study area.

FIGURE 32.4 STOCKTON SENSITIVITY MAP

Conclusions and Recommendations

High Sensitivity

4.32.15 Within the areas of high sensitivity a programme of pre-determination assessment is likely to be required. Such work could comprise a mixture of detailed desk-based assessment; a programme of non-intrusive survey works; and / or programmes of evaluation trenching. Mitigation may be required (e.g. watching brief, survey work, open area excavation), depending on the results of the initial assessment work; and the results of the pre-determination assessment may be used to inform upon changes to the proposed development’s design scheme. Post-excavation works will also be required. Should remains of national importance be encountered, it is possible that programmes of in situ preservation may be required. Development which would adversely affect such remains (or their setting) would not be permitted.

4.32.16 It is highly recommended that consultation with the Planning Archaeologist in WCC’s Archaeological Information and Advice Team, be undertaken early as possible in order to determine the exact scope of works for specific sites. The need for pre-determination works and / or further mitigation will be dependent upon the size and scale of the proposed development. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Medium Sensitivity

4.32.17 Within the areas of medium sensitivity a programme of pre-determination investigation may be required, dependent on the size and scale of the development. Such work could comprise a mixture of detailed desk-based assessment; non-intrusive survey works; and / or programmes of evaluation trenching. In some instances, the need for survey works; and / or programmes of evaluation trenching may be attached to planning approval as a condition.

4.32.18 Within these areas there are no statutory constraints to propose development. It is recommended that pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist be undertaken in order to determine the exact scope of works for specific sites. This is particular relevant for the tentative areas of cropmarks in the south of the study area (STO A) which may require pre-determination fieldwork to assess nature, extent and presence of possible archaeology; and the area around the south-eastern end of the village.

4.32.19 Mitigation (e.g. watching brief, survey work, open area excavation) may be required based on the results of the initial assessment work and / or pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist. Post-excavation works will also be required. Should remains of national importance be encountered during the pre-determination or mitigation works, it is possible that programmes of in situ preservation and changes to the proposed development design scheme may be required. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Medium – Low and Low Sensitivity

4.32.20 Within areas identified as low – medium sensitivity there are no statutory constraints to development. These areas comprise fields to the north-western end of the settlement, identified as containing evidence of ridge and furrow ploughing. Depending upon its nature and extent, the ridge and furrow may contain value as either as a physical example of upstanding remains or evidence of past land- use; as well as the potential to conceal evidence of earlier activity.

4.32.21 For this reason, pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist is recommended in order to determine the exact scope of works for specific sites. Due to the uncertainty of the archaeological resource in this area, a programme of pre-determination assessment may be required (dependent upon the size and scale of the proposed development) which could comprise a basic archaeological assessment including a site visit to assess the nature of the ridge and furrow and appraisal of the likely impact from the proposed development works.

4.32.22 Based on the results of this initial assessment and / or pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist, further works may be recommended, such as programmes of non-intrusive survey, evaluation trenching and / or watching briefs, attached to planning approval as a condition. Further mitigation may be required based on the results of the initial assessment work and / or pre- planning consultation. Post-excavation works will also be required. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

4.32.23 Within areas identified as low sensitivity there are no statutory constraints to development. It is recommended that pre-submission consultation is undertaken with the WCC Planning Archaeologist to confirm the scope of works. Within these areas, programmes of pre-determination fieldwork are

unlikely, although this is dependent on the size and scale of the development. A heritage statement (identifying likely constraints and development impact) may be required to be submitted with the planning application.

4.32.24 Dependent on the size and scale of the development, further works / mitigation may be required and attached as conditioned to planning approval. Such works could comprise programmes of evaluation trenching, survey work and / or watching brief. As with all sites, should remains of national importance be encountered during the pre-determination or mitigation works, it is possible that programmes of in situ preservation and changes to the proposed development design scheme may be required. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Listed Buildings

4.32.25 Consideration should be made of the impact upon character of listed buildings within the study area, and their setting. Any alterations or demolition would require Listed Building Consent. Consultation with English Heritage may be required for the highest grade of buildings. This is in line with Policies EF.12, EF.13 and EF.14 of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

4.33 HEA 33: Tanworth-in-Arden

Introduction

4.33.1 Tanworth-in-Arden is located within the parish of the same name, c. 18km northwest of Stratford upon-Avon; approximately centred on NGR SP 11204 70558. Tanworth is thought to be early medieval in origin and was in early times part of the manor of Brailes. Tanworth is first recorded in documentary sources as Tanewrthe in 1201. The name refers to an early possessor, Tonne or Tanna, of a farm in the area (Gover et al 1970).

4.33.2 First and second edition Ordnance Survey mapping shows a nucleated settlement pattern during the 19th century, clustered on either side of the U-shaped road. The satellite settlement, Danzey Green, is located southeast of the village; a late 18th century farmstead. Subsequent 20th century development has expanded near the church situated east of The Green and along Village Hill and The Green, including infilling between the two. The village has also grown westwards along Bates Lane.

FIGURE 33.1 TANWORTH-IN-ARDEN DESIGNATED ASSETS MAP

4.33.3 The available online geological mapping indicates that the majority of the village lies on Mercia Mudstone with a small area of Arden Sandstone to the south of the village. Glacial till and glaciofluvial deposits (sands and gravel) both associated with the mid-Pleistocene, are recorded overlying the bedrock.

Designated Heritage Assets (Figure 33.1) 4.33.4 A total of one Grade I and 36 Grade II listed buildings (TAN 1 – 37), lie within the 500m study area (see Appendix A). There are no scheduled monuments or registered park and gardens within the study area. The village has a conservation area, as designated by Stratford-on-Avon District Council.

4.33.5 The Grade I listed building relates to the medieval church of St. Mary Magdalene (TAN 1). The majority of the listed buildings lie within the conservation area, apart from the late 17th century Hill Farm Cottage (TAN 35) and the 18th century buildings at Brook House Farm (TAN 30, 31 and 32).

FIGURE 33.2 TANWORTH-IN-ARDEN HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD MAP

Historic Environments Record Data (Figure 33.2)

4.33.6 A total of 23 heritage assets lie within the 1km study area, of which 12 lie within the 500m study area (see Appendix A).

4.33.7 The earliest evidence are the sites of three burnt mounds dated from the middle Bronze Age to Early Iron Age (TAN 38, 39 and 40). The mounds are located to the west, east and south of the village. To date, no other prehistoric evidence has been recorded within the study area. The WHER also records the focus of the historic core, with the medieval church (TAN 1 and 53) on the eastern side of the village and post-medieval pleasure gardens on the northwest (TAN 59). An early medieval trackway (TAN 44) is thought to cross the study area in the southwest.

4.33.8 Other medieval and post-medieval evidence includes the approximate location of medieval parkland (mentioned in the 15th century) somewhere on the north-eastern side of the village (exact location and extent unknown, but possibly related to the later avenue of trees – TAN 56); and the sites of Knowlebury Cross and Tanworth Vicarage Garden (TAN 54 and 59). The WHER also records the possible location of a medieval or post-medieval battle (related to either the War of the Roses or the English Civil War) suggested by the find, in the 19th century, of skeletons of men and horses with swords, cannon balls and other instruments of war in close proximity to the church (TAN 50). The validity and location of this is uncertain.

Aerial Photographs and LiDAR (Figure 33.2)

4.33.9 An assessment of readily available aerial photographic evidence and LiDAR data, held by the WHER, identified a number of possible features within the 500m study area. Possible features, excluding ridge and furrow, identified based on appraisal of these sources are mapped on Figure 33.2.

4.33.10 LiDAR and online aerial photographic evidence suggested some linear feature on the eastern side of the study area (TAN A) lying adjacent to a field with ridge and furrow. It is not known what these features are or if they are archaeological. To the south of the village, the online aerial photographic evidence also showed a series of circular features to the south and east of Crank Farm (TAN B). These do not appear on all aerial photographs and appear very precise – possibly suggesting that they are related to modern farming practices.

4.33.11 The LiDAR survey identified areas of ridge and furrow on the eastern and south-eastern sides of the village.

Historic Landscape Character (Figure 33.3)

4.33.12 The HLC mapping data highlights the nucleated nature of the settlement. The settlement is located within a landscape of sporadic uneven fieldscapes, probably orientated due to the waterways, and date back to at least the 19th century. It is probable that they are medieval in date, associated with the medieval windmills, evident on historic maps. Few farmsteads are evident to the north of the village and near to the village boundary in the southeast.

FIGURE 33.3 TANWORTH-IN-ARDEN HISTORIC LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISATION MAP

FIGURE 33.4 TANWORTH-IN-ARDEN SENSITIVITY MAP Assessment of Archaeological Sensitivity (Figure 33.4)

4.33.13 Areas of high sensitivity are considered likely in the areas of the historic core and within the locations of the prehistoric burnt mounds.

4.33.14 Medium sensitivity has been indicated in the fields adjacent to the burnt mounds and the areas on the north and eastern sides of the village (close to the medieval church) due to the potential for associated activity (but lack of clear evidence for shrunken settlement etc). This includes the site of Knowlebury Cross and Tanworth Vicarage Garden (TAN 54 and 59).

4.33.15 The areas of linear cropmark features on the east and circular features in the south have also been classed as medium sensitivity due to the unknown nature of these features.

4.33.16 Areas of ridge and furrow have been denoted as medium / low sensitivity. The archaeological sensitivity in the rest of the area is considered low / uncertain. This includes the undefined and

unknown locations of the medieval / post-medieval battle (if present) and the medieval / post- medieval parkland, situated somewhere on the northwest side of the village.

Conclusions and Recommendations

High Sensitivity

4.33.17 Within the areas of high sensitivity a programme of pre-determination assessment is likely to be required. Such work could comprise a mixture of detailed desk-based assessment; a programme of non-intrusive survey works; and / or programmes of evaluation trenching. Mitigation may be required (e.g. watching brief, survey work, open area excavation), depending on the results of the initial assessment work; and the results of the pre-determination assessment may be used to inform upon changes to the proposed development’s design scheme. Post-excavation works will also be required. Should remains of national importance be encountered, it is possible that programmes of in situ preservation may be required. Development which would adversely affect such remains (or their setting) would not be permitted.

4.33.18 It is highly recommended that consultation with the Planning Archaeologist in WCC’s Archaeological Information and Advice Team, be undertaken early as possible in order to determine the exact scope of works for specific sites. The need for pre-determination works and / or further mitigation will be dependent upon the size and scale of the proposed development. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Medium Sensitivity

4.33.19 Within the areas of medium sensitivity a programme of pre-determination investigation may be required, dependent on the size and scale of the development. Such work could comprise a mixture of detailed desk-based assessment; non-intrusive survey works; and / or programmes of evaluation trenching. In some instances, the need for survey works; and / or programmes of evaluation trenching may be attached to planning approval as a condition.

4.33.20 Within these areas there are no statutory constraints to propose development. It is recommended that pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist be undertaken in order to determine the exact scope of works for specific sites. This is particularly relevant for the tentative areas of cropmarks in the south of the area around Crank Farm (TAN B), which could be related to modern farming practices (interpretation uncertain); and the areas around the burnt mounds where related activity could be encountered.

4.33.21 Mitigation (e.g. watching brief, survey work, open area excavation) may be required based on the results of the initial assessment work and / or pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist. Post-excavation works will also be required. Should remains of national importance be encountered during the pre-determination or mitigation works, it is possible that programmes of in situ preservation and changes to the proposed development design scheme may be required. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Medium – Low and Low Sensitivity

4.33.22 Within areas identified as low – medium sensitivity there are no statutory constraints to development. These areas comprise fields to the east and south of the settlement, identified as containing evidence of ridge and furrow ploughing. Depending upon its nature and extent, the ridge and furrow may contain value as either as a physical example of upstanding remains or evidence of past land- use; as well as the potential to conceal evidence of earlier activity. For example, the area abutting the eastern side of the settlement.

4.33.23 For this reason, pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist is recommended in order to determine the exact scope of works for specific sites. Due to the uncertainty of the archaeological resource in this area, a programme of pre-determination assessment may be required (dependent upon the size and scale of the proposed development) which could comprise a basic archaeological assessment including a site visit to assess the nature of the ridge and furrow and appraisal of the likely impact from the proposed development works.

4.33.24 Based on the results of this initial assessment and / or pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist, further works may be recommended, such as programmes of non-intrusive survey, evaluation trenching and / or watching briefs, attached to planning approval as a condition. Further mitigation may be required based on the results of the initial assessment work and / or pre- planning consultation. Post-excavation works will also be required. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

4.33.25 Within areas identified as low sensitivity there are no statutory constraints to development. It is recommended that pre-submission consultation is undertaken with the WCC Planning Archaeologist to confirm the scope of works. Within these areas, programmes of pre-determination fieldwork are unlikely, although this is dependent on the size and scale of the development. A heritage statement (identifying likely constraints and development impact) may be required to be submitted with the planning application.

4.33.26 Dependent on the size and scale of the development, further works / mitigation may be required and attached as conditioned to planning approval. Such works could comprise programmes of evaluation trenching, survey work and / or watching brief. As with all sites, should remains of national importance be encountered during the pre-determination or mitigation works, it is possible that programmes of in situ preservation and changes to the proposed development design scheme may be required. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Conservation Area & Listed Buildings

4.33.27 For any new development / alterations within or adjacent to the extent of the conservation area, it is recommended that early consultation is undertaken with the Stratford-on-Avon Conservation Officer. Works within the conservation area will require Conservation Area Consent and all works will need to consider the visual impact of the area and its setting. Similar consideration should be made of the impact upon character of listed buildings within the study area, and their setting. Any alterations or demolition would require Listed Building Consent. Consultation with English Heritage may be required for the highest grade of buildings. This is in line with Policies EF.12, EF.13 and EF.14 of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

4.34 HEA 34: Tiddington

Introduction

4.34.1 Tiddington is located within the parish of Alveston, c. 2km northwest of Stratford-upon-Avon; approximately centred on NGR SP 22232 55843. Alveston is recorded as a pre-Conquest manor in the Domesday Survey of 1086 and reference is made to Tiddington at the same time – suggesting an early medieval origin. Tiddington is first referred to as Tidinctune in a documentary source from AD 969 and the name is thought to derive from the Old English personal name ’Tida’ and ‘tun’ (farm / farmstead) (Gover et al 1970).

4.34.2 First and second edition Ordnance Survey mapping illustrates shows a linear settlement pattern during the 19th century, focused along the north side of Tiddington Road and Main Street. Subsequent 20th century development has expanded towards neighbouring villages and southwards along Knights Lane, predominantly on the east side with expansion limited by the River Avon to the north. The available online geological mapping indicates that the majority of the village lies on Mercia Mudstone. This is overlain by Wasperton sand and gravels.

FIGURE 34.1 TIDDINGTON DESIGNATED ASSETS MAP

Designated Heritage Assets (Figure 34.1)

4.34.3 A total of one scheduled monument (TID 1) and eight Grade II listed buildings (TID 2 – 9), lie within the 500m study area. There are no registered park and gardens within the study area. The village has no conservation area, as designated by Stratford-on-Avon District Council.

4.34.4 The scheduled area relates to the site of a Roman roadside village (TID 1 and 70). The village was defined by a ditch on the south and east, a cemetery on the west, and is thought to have covered a rectangular area roughly 22ha in extent. The majority of the listed buildings are clustered along the road in the centre of the village, with the 16th century Old Rectory (TID 8) at the eastern end of the village towards Alveston and the 16th / 17th century The Elms (TID 7) on the north-western edge of the village.

FIGURE 34.2 TIDDINGTON ENVIRONMENT RECORD MAP

Historic Environments Record Data (Figure 34.2)

4.34.5 A total of 106 heritage assets lie within the 1km study area, of which 53 lie within the 500m study area (see Appendix A). The majority of the evidence relates to the Roman period activity in the west of the study area (e.g. TID 1, 70, 52 – 76). This area also includes evidence of earlier Iron Age settlement activity (e.g. TID 32, 37, 38) and later early medieval settlement activity (TID 80 and 81). Other Roman period evidence includes possible Roman period routes (e.g. TID 50 and 75) and evidence of possible Roman features on the eastern side of the village (TID 51).

4.34.6 Earlier prehistoric evidence is also well represented through cropmark evidence, with potential Iron Age settlement activity in the north of the study area (TID 28) and ring ditches and pit cluster cropmarks to the east of the village (TID 15, 16, 23, 24 and 25). Flint scatters have also been noted in these areas (TID 13, 14 and 20). Later medieval evidence is represented through the early medieval activity in the west and the historic core of Tiddington. An area of shrunken / deserted settlement activity (Welcombe) is noted on the eastern side of the village (TID 85). The WHER also highlights Alveston Hearth (TID 91) to the south / southwest of the village.

Aerial Photographs and LiDAR (Figure 34.2)

4.34.7 An assessment of readily available aerial photographic evidence and LiDAR data, held by the WHER, identified a number of possible features within the 500m study area. Possible features, excluding ridge and furrow, identified based on appraisal of these sources are mapped on Figure 34.2.

4.34.8 Apart from some areas of ridge and furrow on the north side of the river and north side of the village; there were no additional cropmark or earthworks noted that had not already been recorded on the WHER.

Historic Landscape Character (Figure 34.3)

4.34.9 The HLC mapping data highlights the linear nature of the settlement, along two main roads, located just northeast of Stratford-upon-Avon, with Alveston to the northeast. The settlement is shown to be located within a landscape of large rectilinear planned enclosure fields, dating to at least the 19th century, bound by the River Avon to the north. There are pockets of Designed Landscape in the village, including a Golf Course situated to the southwest, with large fieldscapes still situated to the south and east of the village.

Assessment of Archaeological Sensitivity (Figure 34.4)

4.34.10 Areas of high sensitivity are considered likely in the areas of the Iron Age, Roman and early medieval settlement activity in the west of the study area and within the areas of the ring ditch and pit cluster cropmarks which suggests a potential for possible prehistoric settlement activity in this area. Further areas of high sensitivity have been suggested in the areas of Iron Age / Roman settlement cropmarks in the north (TID 28); the area of the Iron Age to medieval period ford (TID 21) and within the areas of the village’s historic core and the shrunken settlement of Welcombe. The area of the crossroads of the two Roman roads in the south of the study area is also suggested to be high sensitivity, due to the potential for such areas to be a focus of Roman activity.

4.34.11 Medium sensitivity has been indicated in the areas bordering the Roman roads, on the edge of the medieval settlement and between the two concentrations of known and potential prehistoric and Roman activity. This includes the areas of the Golf Course to the south of the Roman settlement which may have been previously impacted by the courses construction, but within which

archaeological evidence might survive in places. A buffer of medium sensitivity has also been placed around the Roman settlement in the north due to the potential for related activity in these areas.

4.34.12 Areas of ridge and furrow have been denoted as medium / low sensitivity. Apart from an arbitrary strip along the area bounding the north of the Roman settlement activity (TID 1, 70, 52 – 76) where the ridge and furrow may shield evidence of earlier activity. The archaeological sensitivity in the rest of the area is considered low / uncertain. This includes the area of Alveston Heath.

FIGURE 34.3 TIDDINGTON HISTORIC LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISATION MAP

FIGURE 34.4 TIDDINGTON SENSITIVITY MAP Conclusions and Recommendations

Scheduled Monument

4.34.13 Any works upon, within the extent of, or directly adjacent to the designated scheduled monument will, in the first instance, require detailed consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist and English Heritage (as appropriate). Works likely to cause substantial harm to, or loss of, the designated

heritage asset are unlikely to be permitted. Should works proceed, Scheduled Monument Consent will be required. Programmes of detailed pre-determination assessment and mitigation works such as open area excavation, strip map and recording and / or in situ preservation are likely to be required.

4.34.14 Any works in the proximity to the scheduled monument (or large scale / high rise development within which the visual envelope of the monument is likely to fall), will need to consider the potential visual impact upon the setting of the heritage asset; although the below ground nature of this monument would suggest a high visual impact is unlikely. Any pre-determination assessment will need to include detailed site visits and an assessment of views from and towards the affected assets; an appraisal of the asset’s form, function, nature and importance; and an assessment of the likely form and extent of the proposed development.

High Sensitivity

4.34.15 Within the areas of high sensitivity a programme of pre-determination assessment is likely to be required. Such work could comprise a mixture of detailed desk-based assessment; a programme of non-intrusive survey works; and / or programmes of evaluation trenching. Mitigation may be required (e.g. watching brief, survey work, open area excavation), depending on the results of the initial assessment work; and the results of the pre-determination assessment may be used to inform upon changes to the proposed development’s design scheme. Post-excavation works will also be required. Should remains of national importance be encountered, it is possible that programmes of in situ preservation may be required. Development which would adversely affect such remains (or their setting) would not be permitted.

4.34.16 It is highly recommended that consultation with the Planning Archaeologist in WCC’s Archaeological Information and Advice Team, be undertaken early as possible in order to determine the exact scope of works for specific sites. The need for pre-determination works and / or further mitigation will be dependent upon the size and scale of the proposed development. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Medium Sensitivity

4.34.17 Within the areas of medium sensitivity a programme of pre-determination investigation may be required, dependent on the size and scale of the development. Such work could comprise a mixture of detailed desk-based assessment; non-intrusive survey works; and / or programmes of evaluation trenching. In some instances, the need for survey works; and / or programmes of evaluation trenching may be attached to planning approval as a condition.

4.34.18 Within these areas there are no statutory constraints to propose development. It is recommended that pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist be undertaken in order to determine the exact scope of works for specific sites.

4.34.19 Mitigation (e.g. watching brief, survey work, open area excavation) may be required based on the results of the initial assessment work and / or pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist. Post-excavation works will also be required. Should remains of national importance be encountered during the pre-determination or mitigation works, it is possible that programmes of in situ preservation and changes to the proposed development design scheme may be required. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Medium – Low and Low Sensitivity

4.34.20 Within areas identified as low – medium sensitivity there are no statutory constraints to development. These areas comprise fields to the north and northwest of the settlement, identified as containing evidence of ridge and furrow ploughing. Depending upon its nature and extent, the ridge and furrow may contain value as either as a physical example of upstanding remains or evidence of past land- use; as well as the potential to conceal evidence of earlier activity. This should be particularly noted on the north side of the Roman settlement and around the area of the ford.

4.34.21 For this reason, pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist is recommended in order to determine the exact scope of works for specific sites. Due to the uncertainty of the archaeological resource in this area, a programme of pre-determination assessment may be required (dependent upon the size and scale of the proposed development) which could comprise a basic archaeological assessment including a site visit to assess the nature of the ridge and furrow and appraisal of the likely impact from the proposed development works. Based on the results of this initial assessment and / or pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist, further works may be recommended, such as programmes of non-intrusive survey, evaluation trenching and / or watching briefs, attached to planning approval as a condition. Further mitigation may be required based on the results of the initial assessment work and / or pre-planning consultation. Post- excavation works will also be required. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

4.34.22 Within areas identified as low sensitivity there are no statutory constraints to development. It is recommended that pre-submission consultation is undertaken with the WCC Planning Archaeologist to confirm the scope of works. Within these areas, programmes of pre-determination fieldwork are unlikely, although this is dependent on the size and scale of the development. A heritage statement (identifying likely constraints and development impact) may be required to be submitted with the planning application.

4.34.23 Dependent on the size and scale of the development, further works / mitigation may be required and attached as conditioned to planning approval. Such works could comprise programmes of evaluation trenching, survey work and / or watching brief. As with all sites, should remains of national importance be encountered during the pre-determination or mitigation works, it is possible that programmes of in situ preservation and changes to the proposed development design scheme may be required. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Listed Buildings

4.34.24 Consideration should be made of the impact upon character of listed buildings within the study area, and their setting. Any alterations or demolition would require Listed Building Consent. Consultation with English Heritage may be required for the highest grade of buildings. This is in line with Policies EF.12, EF.13 and EF.14 of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

4.35 HEA 35: Tredington

Introduction

4.35.1 Tredington is located within the parish of the same name, c. 12km southeast of Stratford-upon-Avon; approximately centred on NGR SP 25712 43596. Historically, the village lay within the County of Worcestershire. Tredington is recorded as a pre-Conquest manor in the Domesday Survey of 1086. The earliest reference to Tredington in AD 757 names it Tredincgtun. The name refers to an early possessor, Tyrdda, of a farm in the area (Gover et al 1970).

4.35.2 First and second edition Ordnance Survey mapping shows a nucleated settlement pattern during the 19th century, focused on the east side of the main road. The western limit of the village is defined by the River Stour. Subsequent 20th century development has expanded principally to the west of the historic core of the village. The available online geological mapping indicates that the majority of the village lies on Rugby Limestone (mudstone and limestone interbedded). Alluvium (clay, silt, sand and gravels), associated with the River Stour in the east of the village, are the only superficial deposits recorded.

FIGURE 35.1 TREDINGTON DESIGNATED ASSETS MAP

Designated Heritage Assets (Figure 35.1)

4.35.3 A total of one Grade I and 45 Grade II listed buildings and one Grade II* Registered Park and Garden, lie within the 500m study area (see Appendix A). There are no scheduled monuments and the village has a conservation area, as designated by Stratford-on-Avon District Council.

4.35.4 The Grade I listed building relates to the medieval Church of St. Gregory (TRE 1 and 53) located in the south of the village. To the south of this is the mid 19th century Treddington House (TRE 33) which has 15th century origins. Honington Hall Registered Park and Garden (TRE 47) is located in the south of the study area and comprises a mid-18th century pleasure grounds and parkland and the Hall’s 19th century formal gardens (TRE 72 – 79). These lie outside the 500m study area.

FIGURE 35.2 TREDINGTON HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD MAP

Historic Environments Record Data (Figure 35.2)

4.35.5 A total of 46 heritage assets lie within the 1km study area, of which 19 lie within the 500m study area (see Appendix A). The Fosse Way Roman road runs through the north-western half of the study area (TRE 55). There has been no sites indentified along its length to date although find scatters of Roman and Iron Age material have been found on Halford Hill, to the north of the village (TRE 48, 54 and 56). The WHER suggests this could indicate settlement activity in this area.

4.35.6 The village’s historic core is located between the main road and the river. The medieval church and adjacent graveyard (TRE 53 and 67) is located in the south / central area of the village and two water mills are recorded (TRE 71 and 70) at either end of the settlement. Tredington House is located to the south of the church (TRE 69) adjacent to the large planned grounds of Tredington Rectory (TRE 82). Works to the rear of Tredington House have previously identified a large undated ditch, thought to possibly relate to medieval activity (TRE 52). Honington Hall Registered Park and Garden is located in the south. The WHER records an undated burial in the centre of the parkland (TRE 92).

FIGURE 35.3 TREDINGTON HISTORIC LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISATION MAP

Aerial Photographs and LiDAR (Figure 35.2)

4.35.7 An assessment of readily available aerial photographic evidence and LiDAR data, held by the WHER, identified a number of possible features within the 500m study area. Possible features, excluding ridge and furrow, identified based on appraisal of these sources are mapped on Figure 35.3. The WHER aerial photographic collection indentified a possible circular feature to the northwest of the village (TRE A), adjacent to the boundary of in a field shown on the online photographic evidence as covered in ridge and furrow. It is not known what this feature is and it is not visible on all aerial photos. The WHER prints also included a shot of extensive cropmarks on either side of the Fosse Way, in Armscote Fields, east of Armscote Hill Farm – suggestive of potential settlement activity (TRE B and TRE C).

4.35.8 The online photographic evidence showed areas of ridge and furrow on the western side of the Fosse Way, northwest of the village and on the eastern side of the river, northeast of the village.

FIGURE 35.4 TREDINGTON SENSITIVITY MAP

Historic Landscape Character (Figure 35.3) 4.35.9 The HLC mapping data highlights the nuclear nature of the settlement which is located within a landscape principally of fieldscapes. Designed landscapes are the exception to this to the south of the settlement and broad leaved and mixed plantation are located to the northwest and southeast. The settlement is shown to be located within a landscape of fieldscapes, predominately formed by large rectilinear planned enclosure fields, however there are small to large rectilinear fields also in addition to paddocks.

Assessment of Archaeological Sensitivity (Figure 35.4)

4.35.10 High sensitivity is considered likely in the areas of the historic core, around the medieval church, and in the designated area of Honnington Hall Park and Garden. The areas of cropmarks adjacent to the Roman road in the north of the study area (TRE B and TRE C) are considered quite apparent and extensive, and therefore theses areas are also indentified as high sensitivity.

4.35.11 The area between the village and the river has been identified as medium sensitivity and is considered to have a potential for containing evidence of related activity due to the proximity to the medieval settlement; although no features are apparent from the aerial photographs and its position adjacent to the river could mean it was subject to flooding etc. The areas surrounding the two potential medieval mill sites and the areas of the planned rectory garden area also medium sensitivity. Further areas of medium sensitivity have been suggested in a buffer along the route of the Roman road; in the areas of the Roman / Iron Age finds scatter to the north of the village (e.g. TRE 54, 56 and 48)

4.35.12 The areas of ridge and furrow have been denoted as medium / low sensitivity. Theses areas may shield evidence of earlier activity, for example along the route of the Roman Road or close to the potential circular feature (TRE A), which is classed as medium sensitivity due to the uncertainty of the validity of this feature. The archaeological sensitivity in the rest of the area is considered low / uncertain.

Conclusions and Recommendations

High Sensitivity

4.35.13 Within the areas of high sensitivity a programme of pre-determination assessment is likely to be required. Such work could comprise a mixture of detailed desk-based assessment; a programme of non-intrusive survey works; and / or programmes of evaluation trenching. Mitigation may be required (e.g. watching brief, survey work, open area excavation), depending on the results of the initial assessment work; and the results of the pre-determination assessment may be used to inform upon changes to the proposed development’s design scheme. Post-excavation works will also be required. Should remains of national importance be encountered, it is possible that programmes of in situ preservation may be required. Development which would adversely affect such remains (or their setting) would not be permitted.

4.35.14 It is highly recommended that consultation with the Planning Archaeologist in WCC’s Archaeological Information and Advice Team, be undertaken early as possible in order to determine the exact scope of works for specific sites. This should include the area of the high sensitivity in the north of the study area where extensive cropmarks were identified (TRE B and C).

4.35.15 The need for pre-determination works and / or further mitigation will be dependent upon the size and scale of the proposed development. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Medium Sensitivity

4.35.16 Within the areas of medium sensitivity a programme of pre-determination investigation may be required, dependent on the size and scale of the development. Such work could comprise a mixture of detailed desk-based assessment; non-intrusive survey works; and / or programmes of evaluation trenching. In some instances, the need for survey works; and / or programmes of evaluation trenching may be attached to planning approval as a condition.

4.35.17 Within these areas there are no statutory constraints to propose development. It is recommended that pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist be undertaken in order to determine the exact scope of works for specific sites.

4.35.18 Mitigation (e.g. watching brief, survey work, open area excavation) may be required based on the results of the initial assessment work and / or pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist. Post-excavation works will also be required. Should remains of national importance be encountered during the pre-determination or mitigation works, it is possible that programmes of in situ preservation and changes to the proposed development design scheme may be required. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Medium – Low and Low Sensitivity

4.35.19 Within areas identified as low – medium sensitivity there are no statutory constraints to development. These areas comprise fields to the northwest and east of the settlement, identified as containing evidence of ridge and furrow ploughing. Depending upon its nature and extent, the ridge and furrow may contain value as either as a physical example of upstanding remains or evidence of past land- use; as well as the potential to conceal evidence of earlier activity. For example, the area ridge and furrow adjacent to route of the Roman Road and around the potential circular feature (TRE A), where associated activity is possible.

4.35.20 For this reason, pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist is recommended in order to determine the exact scope of works for specific sites. Due to the uncertainty of the archaeological resource in this area, a programme of pre-determination assessment may be required (dependent upon the size and scale of the proposed development) which could comprise a basic archaeological assessment including a site visit to assess the nature of the ridge and furrow and appraisal of the likely impact from the proposed development works.

4.35.21 Based on the results of this initial assessment and / or pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist, further works may be recommended, such as programmes of non-intrusive survey, evaluation trenching and / or watching briefs, attached to planning approval as a condition. Further mitigation may be required based on the results of the initial assessment work and / or pre- planning consultation. Post-excavation works will also be required. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

4.35.22 Within areas identified as low sensitivity there are no statutory constraints to development. It is recommended that pre-submission consultation is undertaken with the WCC Planning Archaeologist to confirm the scope of works. Within these areas, programmes of pre-determination fieldwork are unlikely, although this is dependent on the size and scale of the development. A heritage statement (identifying likely constraints and development impact) may be required to be submitted with the planning application.

4.35.23 Dependent on the size and scale of the development, further works / mitigation may be required and attached as conditioned to planning approval. Such works could comprise programmes of evaluation trenching, survey work and / or watching brief. As with all sites, should remains of national

importance be encountered during the pre-determination or mitigation works, it is possible that programmes of in situ preservation and changes to the proposed development design scheme may be required. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Registered Park and Garden, Conservation Areas & Listed Buildings

4.35.24 For any new development / alterations within or adjacent to the extent of the register park and garden and / or conservation area, it is recommended that early consultation is undertaken with the Stratford-on-Avon Conservation Officer and the WCC Planning Archaeologist. Works within the conservation area will require Conservation Area Consent and all works will need to consider the visual impact of the area / park and garden and their settings. Similar consideration should be made of the impact upon character of listed buildings within the study area and the registered park and garden, and their setting. Any alterations or demolition would require Listed Building Consent. Consultation with English Heritage may be required for the highest grade of buildings. This is in line with Policies EF.12, EF.13 and EF.14 of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

4.36 HEA 36: Tysoe (Upper and Lower)

Introduction

4.36.1 Tysoe is located within the parish of the same name, c. 17km southeast of Stratford-upon-Avon; approximately centred on NGR SP 33782 43927. Tysoe is thought to be early medieval in origin and is recorded as a pre-Conquest manor in the Domesday Survey of 1086. The place-name is recorded as ‘Tiheshoche’ in 1086; thought to derive from the Old English ‘tig’ (relating to the Saxon / Norse deity) and the element ‘hoh’ (hill) and as such the name is said to relate to ‘Tig’s Hill’, a hill named in association with pagan worship (Gover et al 1970).

4.36.2 First and second edition Ordnance Survey mapping shows a poly-focal settlement, with the settlement split between Lower, Middle and Upper Tysoe. Lower Tysoe is a small cluster of buildings set back from the road and south of the main village street, separated from Middle Tysoe by the river and several fields. Middle Tysoe is nucleated with settlement clustered around the High Street, church and vicarage. Upper Tysoe is also nucleated, but slightly more dispersed than Middle Tysoe with orchards and small pasture around. Subsequent 20th century development has expanded principally around Middle and Upper Tysoe to create a single settlement.

4.36.3 The available online geological mapping indicates that both Upper and Lower Tysoe is located on bedrock of Charmouth Mudstone. A small area of alluvium (clay, silt, sand and gravel) is the only superficial deposits recorded in the south of the village.

Designated Heritage Assets (Figure 36.1)

4.36.4 A total of one Grade I, two Grade II* and 39 Grade II listed buildings (TYS 1 – 42), lie within the 500m study area (see Appendix A). There are no scheduled monuments or registered parks and gardens within the study area and the village has two conservation areas, as designated by Stratford-on-Avon District Council.

4.36.5 The Grade I listed building relates to the medieval Church of the Virgin Mary (TYS 1), located in Middle Tysoe. A medieval cross (TYS 2) is situated close to this and is Grade II* listed. The remaining Grade II* listed building is the site of Tysoe Manor (TYS 3) located in Upper Tysoe in the south of the study area.

Historic Environments Record Data (Figure 36.2)

4.36.6 A total of 82 heritage assets lie within the 1km study area, of which 13 lie within the 500m study area (see Appendix A).

4.36.7 The most notable evidence are the three sites of medieval activity spread over the three areas of Tysoe; the medieval market place (TYS 65) located in the western side of Lower Tysoe; The medieval church (TYS 1 and 92) on the northern side of Middle Tysoe; and the medieval manorial site (TYS 82) located in the southwest of Upper Tysoe. Earlier evidence is recorded within the 1km study area, including the site of an Iron Age hill fort located a short distance to the south of the settlement (TYS 49) whilst Romano-British settlement activity has been suggested to the northeast a Sunrising Hill (e.g. TYS 77 - outside the study area).

4.36.8 Within the 500m study area, possible prehistoric and / or Romano-British settlement activity has been suggested through concentrations of flint scatters and evidence from magnetometer surveys on the eastern side of the study area (TYS 43, 44 and 69). It is possible that these areas of activity are related to the other settlement activity, outside the study area, to the north, although this is uncertain. The WHER also records the locations of two undated enclosures (TYS 120 and 116); the site of the post-medieval windmills (TYS 105 and 95); a medieval to post-medieval tithe barn (TYS 94); an

undated tannery on the west side of Lower Tysoe (TYS 118); and the planned modern gardens of Tysoe Manor (TYS 113) on the southwest of Upper Tysoe. Roman coins have been found within an area of an undated enclosure to the southwest of Upper Tysoe (TYS 120); suggesting a possible Roman relationship to this feature.

FIGURE 36.1 TYSOE DESIGNATED ASSETS MAP

FIGURE 36.2 TYSOE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD MAP

FIGURE 36.3 TYSOE HISTORIC LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISATION MAP

Aerial Photographs and LiDAR (Figure 36.2)

4.36.9 An assessment of readily available aerial photographic evidence and LiDAR data, held by the WHER, identified a number of possible features within the 500m study area. Possible features, excluding ridge and furrow, identified based on appraisal of these sources are mapped on Figure 36.2.

4.36.10 The aerial photographic evidence included prints showing possible features adjacent to the road on the west / north-western side of Lower Tysoe (TYS A). They appear to be earthworks lying adjacent the road on the west, with ridge and furrow respecting their eastern side. It is not known what these anomalies are; although they could be related to roadside activity.

4.36.11 The online aerial phototrophic evidence also shows a possible trackway or watercourse running southwards from Upper Tysoe (TYS B). This features and the area immediately surrounding was absent of ridge and furrow on the histrionic aerial photographs.

4.36.12 Wide and extensive areas of ridge and furrow were shown on the aerial photos, spread out, around and between the three foci of medieval / post-medieval settlement activity. No other previously unrecorded possible features were noted from the on the aerial photographs.

Historic Landscape Character (Figure 36.3) 4.36.13 The HLC mapping data highlights the discrete settlements at Upper, Middle and Lower Tysoe. The settlements are located within the landscape of fieldscapes. The fieldscapes are predominately planned enclosure with occasional paddock located on the fringes of the settlements. Assessment of Archaeological Sensitivity (Figure 36.4)

4.36.14 The areas of the three histrionic cores are highlighted as high sensitivity, particularly around the areas of the medieval market place, medieval church and site of the medieval manor. High sensitivity has also been suggested in the areas of possible Roman settlement activity to the east of the study area. The area between these two concentrations (TYS 43 and 69) has also been shaded as high sensitivity due to their proximity to one another and the potential for encountering associated remains.

4.36.15 The areas bounding these concentrations are suggested to be of medium sensitivity, including the area between this focus of activity and the Roman settlement activity noted further to the north (outside the study area). It is not known if settlement activity continues into these areas; although there may be potential for some associated activity. These areas are covered by extensive ridge and furrow, possibly shielding earlier cropmarks.

4.36.16 Medium sensitivity is also suggested in the area of the possible cropmarks alongside the road in Lower Tysoe; and to the south of the historic core where ridge and furrow is less apparent and evidence of related activities could be present. Similarly, medium sensitivity is suggested in arbitrary buffers around the historic cores of Middle and Upper Tysoe; and the areas of and around the undated cropmarks in the west and southeast of the study area.

4.36.17 The extensive areas of ridge and furrow have been denoted as medium / low sensitivity; although the areas closest to the historic cores, known medieval activity and / or prehistoric / Roman activity may be shielding evidence of earlier activity.

4.36.18 Tysoe has also been identified within the English Heritage 'Turning the Plough' Project as a parish containing very important ridge and furrow (e.g. due the amount of survival across the parish). As

such the sensitivity of these areas would need to be considered on the higher end of the medium-low scale and it is possible that any significant loss to the ridge and furrow in these parishes would not be approved.

4.36.19 The archaeological sensitivity in the rest of the area is considered low / uncertain

FIGURE 36.4 TYSOE SENSITIVITY MAP

Conclusions and Recommendations

High Sensitivity

4.36.20 Within the areas of high sensitivity a programme of pre-determination assessment is likely to be required. Such work could comprise a mixture of detailed desk-based assessment; a programme of non-intrusive survey works; and / or programmes of evaluation trenching. Mitigation may be required (e.g. watching brief, survey work, open area excavation), depending on the results of the initial assessment work; and the results of the pre-determination assessment may be used to inform upon changes to the proposed development’s design scheme. Post-excavation works will also be required. Should remains of national importance be encountered, it is possible that programmes of in situ preservation may be required. Development which would adversely affect such remains (or their setting) would not be permitted.

4.36.21 It is highly recommended that consultation with the Planning Archaeologist in WCC’s Archaeological Information and Advice Team, be undertaken early as possible in order to determine the exact scope of works for specific sites. The need for pre-determination works and / or further mitigation will be dependent upon the size and scale of the proposed development. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Medium Sensitivity

4.36.22 Within the areas of medium sensitivity a programme of pre-determination investigation may be required, dependent on the size and scale of the development. Such work could comprise a mixture of detailed desk-based assessment; non-intrusive survey works; and / or programmes of evaluation trenching. In some instances, the need for survey works; and / or programmes of evaluation trenching may be attached to planning approval as a condition.

4.36.23 Within these areas there are no statutory constraints to propose development. It is recommended that pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist be undertaken in order to determine the exact scope of works for specific sites.

4.36.24 Mitigation (e.g. watching brief, survey work, open area excavation) may be required based on the results of the initial assessment work and / or pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist. Post-excavation works will also be required. Should remains of national importance be encountered during the pre-determination or mitigation works, it is possible that programmes of in situ preservation and changes to the proposed development design scheme may be required. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Medium – Low and Low Sensitivity

4.36.25 Within areas identified as low – medium sensitivity there are no statutory constraints to development. These areas comprise fields surrounding the settlement, identified as containing evidence of ridge and furrow ploughing. Depending upon its nature and extent, the ridge and furrow may contain value as either as a physical example of upstanding remains or evidence of past land-use; as well as the potential to conceal evidence of earlier activity.

4.36.26 The English Heritage 'Turning the Plough' Project has identified Tysoe as a parish containing very important ridge and furrow (e.g. due the amount of survival across the parish etc.) and whilst some small scale impact in these areas might be possible, large scale development, adversely impact large part of the ridge and furrow would be subject to constraints. For this reason, pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist is highly recommended in order to determine the

exact scope of works for specific sites and identity which areas of ridge and furrow should be left in situ.

4.36.27 Due to the uncertainty of the archaeological resource in this area, a programme of pre-determination assessment may be required (dependent upon the size and scale of the proposed development) which could comprise a basic archaeological assessment including a site visit to assess the nature of the ridge and furrow and appraisal of the likely impact from the proposed development works. It is possible that some areas will need to be retained in situ due to the importance of the ridge and furrow in this parish.

4.36.28 Based on the results of this initial assessment and / or pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist, further works may be recommended, such as programmes of non-intrusive survey, evaluation trenching and / or watching briefs, attached to planning approval as a condition. Further mitigation may be required based on the results of the initial assessment work and / or pre- planning consultation. Post-excavation works will also be required. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

4.36.29 Within areas identified as low sensitivity there are no statutory constraints to development. It is recommended that pre-submission consultation is undertaken with the WCC Planning Archaeologist to confirm the scope of works. Within these areas, programmes of pre-determination fieldwork are unlikely, although this is dependent on the size and scale of the development. A heritage statement (identifying likely constraints and development impact) may be required to be submitted with the planning application.

4.36.30 Dependent on the size and scale of the development, further works / mitigation may be required and attached as conditioned to planning approval. Such works could comprise programmes of evaluation trenching, survey work and / or watching brief. As with all sites, should remains of national importance be encountered during the pre-determination or mitigation works, it is possible that programmes of in situ preservation and changes to the proposed development design scheme may be required. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Conservation Area & Listed Buildings

4.36.31 For any new development / alterations within or adjacent to the extent of the conservation area, it is recommended that early consultation is undertaken with the Stratford-on-Avon Conservation Officer. Works within the conservation area will require Conservation Area Consent and all works will need to consider the visual impact of the area and its setting. Similar consideration should be made of the impact upon character of listed buildings within the study area, and their setting. Any alterations or demolition would require Listed Building Consent. Consultation with English Heritage may be required for the highest grade of buildings. This is in line with Policies EF.12, EF.13 and EF.14 of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

4.37 HEA 37: Welford-on-Avon

Introduction

4.37.1 Welford-on-Avon is located within the parish of the same name, c. 6km southwest of Stratford-upon- Avon; approximately centred on NGR SP 14894 52084. Welford is is thought to be early medieval in origin and is recorded as a pre-Conquest manor in the Domesday Survey of 1086.

4.37.2 First and second edition Ordnance Survey mapping shows a nucleated settlement pattern during the 19th century, with activity clustered in between the parish church in the northeast and the Barton Road / Long Marston Road junction in the southeast. Subsequent 20th century development is quite extensive, developing on the north side of Barton Road and along Headland Road on the west, and both south and north of the village along Long Marston Road. The available online geological mapping indicates that the village is located on Blue Lias Formation and Charmouth Mudstone. This is overlain by areas of Wasperton sand and gravels and alluvium associated with the course of the River Avon.

FIGURE 37.1 WELFORD-ON-AVON DESIGNATED ASSETS MAP

Designated Heritage Assets (Figure 37.1)

4.37.3 A total of one scheduled monument (WEL 1) and two Grade I, one Grade II* and 75 Grade II listed buildings (WEL 2 – 78), lie within the 500m study area (see Appendix A). There are no registered park and gardens within the study area. The village has a conservation area, as designated by Stratford-on-Avon District Council. The scheduled monument (WEL 1) comprises a Roman period settlement site, situated west of Welford Weir, recognised through cropmarks and pottery scatters.

4.37.4 The Grade I listed buildings related to the medieval churches of St Peter (WEL 2) and All Saints (WEL 3); whilst the Grade II* building comprises a residential building dated to 1740 (WEL 4). The majority of the listed buildings lie within the conservation area, apart from a small cluster to the east in the areas of Weston-on-Avon (including WEL 3); and the listed bridge structures in the north of the study area (WEL 7 and 9).

FIGURE 37.2 WELFORD-ON-AVON HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD MAP

Historic Environments Record Data (Figure 37.2)

4.37.5 A total of 61 heritage assets lie within the 1km study area, of which 38 lie within the 500m study area (see Appendix A).

4.37.6 The earliest evidence relates to prehistoric cropmarks, noted partially falling within the eastern side of the study area (WEL 136) and another clustered to the south of the village (WEL 85). Several prehistoric findspots are also recorded (WEL 80, 81, 82 and 86). Roman period evidence is represented by the site of the scheduled monument (WEL 1 and 87) as well as the site of two possible villas to the east of the village (WEL 88 and 89).

4.37.7 The WHER records two historic cores within the study area; one around Welford-on-Avon and the other around the smaller hamlet of Weston-on-Avon (as shown on Figure 37.2). Early medieval settlement activity is suggested through cropmarks to the south of the village (WEL 96); a medieval house is recorded between Welford and Weston (WEL 101) the medieval church located in the north of the village (WEL 116) and the site of the medieval watermill located to the east (WEL 118).

4.37.8 The WHER also records areas of undated linear cropmarks to the southwest of the village’s historic core (WEL 130) and an area of ridge and furrow to the south (WEL 115).

Aerial Photographs and LiDAR (Figure 37.2)

4.37.9 An assessment of readily available aerial photographic evidence and LiDAR data, held by the WHER, identified a number of possible features within the 500m study area. Possible features, excluding ridge and furrow, identified based on appraisal of these sources are mapped on Figure 37.2.

4.37.10 A square / rectangular feature was noted to the north of the village, within a field of ridge and furrow (WEL A). It is not clear if this pre or post-dates the ridge and furrow and it is only clearly visible on the 2006 aerial photograph. In the field to the south of this, a series of linear features are visible (WEL B). Their location next to the river could suggest a draining or land management function.

4.37.11 Areas of ridge and furrow not previously recorded on the WHER, are located to the north of the medieval village and to the south of Weston-on-Avon.

Historic Landscape Character (Figure 37.3)

4.37.12 The HLC mapping data highlights the extent of settlement associated with modern Welford-on-Avon. There are areas of designed landscape to the north and south and commercial and horticultural dispersed around the fringes of the settlement. The surrounding landscape truncated by the River Avon is fieldscapes. The fieldscapes comprise paddocks around the edges of the settlement and small to large rectilinear fields with occasional piecemeal enclosure.

FIGURE 37.3 WELFORD-ON-AVON HISTORIC LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISATION MAP

Assessment of Archaeological Sensitivity (Figure 37.4)

4.37.13 Areas of high sensitivity are considered likely within the extent of the historic cores, and the areas of identified Roman settlement / villa activity in the west, east and centre of the study area. Other areas of high sensitivity area suggested within and around the foci of prehistoric cropmark evidence

recorded to the south of the village and on the eastern edge of the study area where extensive and well-defined cropmarks have been recorded.

4.37.14 Medium sensitivity has been indicated in the areas bordering these and in between the main focus of historic settlement, where there is a potential for associated activity

FIGURE 37.4 WELFORD-ON-AVON SENSITIVITY MAP

4.37.15 An area of medium sensitivity has been to the north of the village following the line of the road towards the medieval bridge (WEL 99) and to the south / southeast of the village in the areas between Welford and Weston, following the course of the brook in this area, where associated activity could be present. Medium sensitivity is also shown in an arbitrary buffer around the areas of WEL 11, 85 and 96 to highlight the potential for associated activity in these areas.

4.37.16 Areas of ridge and furrow have been denoted as medium / low sensitivity; however it should be noted that these features may mask earlier evidence – particularly in close proximity to the north end of the village (e.g. between the historic core and WEL B) and on the eastern side of the high sensitivity in the south of the study area. The archaeological sensitivity in the rest of the area is considered low / uncertain.

Conclusions and Recommendations

Scheduled Monument

4.37.17 Any works upon, within the extent of, or directly adjacent to the designated scheduled monument will, in the first instance, require detailed consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist and English Heritage (as appropriate). Works likely to cause substantial harm to, or loss of, the designated heritage asset are unlikely to be permitted. Should works proceed, Scheduled Monument Consent will be required. Programmes of detailed pre-determination assessment and mitigation works such as open area excavation, strip map and recording and / or in situ preservation are likely to be required.

4.37.18 Any works in the proximity to the Roman settlement (or large scale / high rise development within which the visual envelope of the monument is likely to fall), will need to consider the potential visual impact upon the setting of the heritage asset – although the below ground nature of this monument would suggest a high visual impact is unlikely. Any pre-determination assessment will need to include detailed site visits and an assessment of views from and towards the affected assets; an appraisal of the asset’s form, function, nature and importance; and an assessment of the likely form and extent of the proposed development.

High Sensitivity

4.37.19 Within the areas of high sensitivity a programme of pre-determination assessment is likely to be required. Such work could comprise a mixture of detailed desk-based assessment; a programme of non-intrusive survey works; and / or programmes of evaluation trenching. Mitigation may be required (e.g. watching brief, survey work, open area excavation), depending on the results of the initial assessment work; and the results of the pre-determination assessment may be used to inform upon changes to the proposed development’s design scheme. Post-excavation works will also be required. Should remains of national importance be encountered, it is possible that programmes of in situ preservation may be required. Development which would adversely affect such remains (or their setting) would not be permitted.

4.37.20 It is highly recommended that consultation with the Planning Archaeologist in WCC’s Archaeological Information and Advice Team, be undertaken early as possible in order to determine the exact scope of works for specific sites. The need for pre-determination works and / or further mitigation will be dependent upon the size and scale of the proposed development. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Medium Sensitivity

4.37.21 Within the areas of medium sensitivity a programme of pre-determination investigation may be required, dependent on the size and scale of the development. Such work could comprise a mixture of detailed desk-based assessment; non-intrusive survey works; and / or programmes of evaluation trenching. In some instances, the need for survey works; and / or programmes of evaluation trenching may be attached to planning approval as a condition.

4.37.22 Within these areas there are no statutory constraints to propose development. It is recommended that pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist be undertaken in order to determine the exact scope of works for specific sites.

4.37.23 Mitigation (e.g. watching brief, survey work, open area excavation) may be required based on the results of the initial assessment work and / or pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist. Post-excavation works will also be required. Should remains of national importance be encountered during the pre-determination or mitigation works, it is possible that programmes of in situ preservation and changes to the proposed development design scheme may be required. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Medium – Low and Low Sensitivity

4.37.24 Within areas identified as low – medium sensitivity there are no statutory constraints to development. These areas comprise fields to the south of the settlement, identified as containing evidence of ridge and furrow ploughing. Depending upon its nature and extent, the ridge and furrow may contain value as either as a physical example of upstanding remains or evidence of past land-use; as well as the potential to conceal evidence of earlier activity.

4.37.25 For this reason, pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist is recommended in order to determine the exact scope of works for specific sites. Due to the uncertainty of the archaeological resource in this area, a programme of pre-determination assessment may be required (dependent upon the size and scale of the proposed development) which could comprise a basic archaeological assessment including a site visit to assess the nature of the ridge and furrow and appraisal of the likely impact from the proposed development works.

4.37.26 Based on the results of this initial assessment and / or pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist, further works may be recommended, such as programmes of non-intrusive survey, evaluation trenching and / or watching briefs, attached to planning approval as a condition. Further mitigation may be required based on the results of the initial assessment work and / or pre- planning consultation. Post-excavation works will also be required. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

4.37.27 Within areas identified as low sensitivity there are no statutory constraints to development. It is recommended that pre-submission consultation is undertaken with the WCC Planning Archaeologist to confirm the scope of works. Within these areas, programmes of pre-determination fieldwork are unlikely, although this is dependent on the size and scale of the development. A heritage statement (identifying likely constraints and development impact) may be required to be submitted with the planning application.

4.37.28 Dependent on the size and scale of the development, further works / mitigation may be required and attached as conditioned to planning approval. Such works could comprise programmes of evaluation trenching, survey work and / or watching brief. As with all sites, should remains of national importance be encountered during the pre-determination or mitigation works, it is possible that programmes of in situ preservation and changes to the proposed development design scheme may be required. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Conservation Area & Listed Buildings

4.37.29 For any new development / alterations within or adjacent to the extent of the conservation area, it is recommended that early consultation is undertaken with the Stratford-on-Avon Conservation Officer. Works within the conservation area will require Conservation Area Consent and all works will need to

consider the visual impact of the area and its setting. Similar consideration should be made of the impact upon character of listed buildings within the study area, and their setting. Any alterations or demolition would require Listed Building Consent. Consultation with English Heritage may be required for the highest grade of buildings. This is in line with Policies EF.12, EF.13 and EF.14 of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Conservation Area & Listed Buildings

4.37.30 For any new development / alterations within or adjacent to the extent of the conservation area, it is recommended that early consultation is undertaken with the Stratford-on-Avon Conservation Officer. Works within the conservation area will require Conservation Area Consent and all works will need to consider the visual impact of the area and its setting. Similar consideration should be made of the impact upon character of listed buildings within the study area, and their setting. Any alterations or demolition would require Listed Building Consent. Consultation with English Heritage may be required for the highest grade of buildings. This is in line with Policies EF.12, EF.13 and EF.14 of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

4.38 HEA 38: Wilmcote

Introduction

4.38.1 Wilmcote is located c. 5km northwest of Stratford-upon-Avon, approximately centred on NGR SP 16427 58108. The village now lies within the parish of the same name, but was previously part of the parish of Aston Cantlow. Wilmcote is thought to be early medieval in origin and is recorded as a pre- Conquest manor in the Domesday Survey of 1086. . The place-name is recorded as ‘Wilmecote’ in 1086; thought to derive from the Old English personal name ‘Wilmund’ and ‘cot’ (Gover et al 1970).

4.38.2 First and second edition Ordnance Survey mapping illustrates the settlement pattern of the village which is nucleated, with settlement focused at the road junction. Dispersed farmsteads are recorded around. Subsequent 20th century development has expanded principally along the main road running northwest from the village. The available online geological mapping indicates that the majority of the village is located on Blue Lias Formation and Charmouth Mudstone, with an area of Wilmcote Limestone to the northwest and Saltford Shale to the east. No superficial deposits are recorded.

FIGURE 38.1 WILMCOTE DESIGNATED ASSETS MAP

Designated Heritage Assets (Figure 38.1)

4.38.3 A total of three Grade I and 16 Grade II listed buildings (WIL 1 – 17), lie within the 500m study area. There are no scheduled monuments or registered park and gardens within the study area (see Appendix A).

4.38.4 The village has a conservation area, as designated by Stratford-on-Avon District Council. The majority of the listed buildings lie within the conservation area. A second detached section of the conservation area lies to the west. The three Grade I listed buildings relate to a possible pre-16th century dovecote (WIL 1); the early 16th century Mary Arden’s Farmhouse and attached dairy (WIL 2); and the late 16th century Palmer's Farmhouse (WIL 3); all located on the northern side of the village.

FIGURE 38.2 WILMCOTE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD MAP

Historic Environments Record Data (Figure 38.1)

4.38.5 A total of 21 heritage assets lie within the 1km study area, of which 14 lie within the 500m study area (see Appendix A). Of particular relevance is the area of the village’s historic core, with the foci of activity on the north around Mary Arden’s House (e.g. WIL 27 and 28), a medieval chapel and later church in the southwest corner of the settlement (WIL 26 and 33) and the site of possible shrunken settlement activity (of Wilmcote Parva) to the southeast (WIL 24). Post-medieval activity is noted within the northeast of the study area by lime kilns (WIL 30) and the Blue Lias Lime and Cement Works (WIL 32).

FIGURE 38.3 WILMCOTE HISTORIC LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISATION MAP

Aerial Photographs and LiDAR (Figure 38.2)

4.38.6 An assessment of readily available aerial photographic evidence and LiDAR data, held by the WHER, identified a number of possible features within the 500m study area. Possible features, excluding ridge and furrow, identified based on appraisal of these sources are mapped on Figure 38.2. A number of areas of ridge and furrow were identified to the north, west and south of the settlement and the areas of cropmarks around the site of the deserted medieval village of Wilmcote Parva (as recorded on the WHER). No other sites were identified.

Historic Landscape Character (Figure 38.3) 4.38.7 The HLC mapping data highlights the linear nature of the settlement, which is predominately surrounded by fieldscapes. With areas of broad-leaved modern plantation to the southwest and north. The fieldscapes include large post-war fields, paddocks and closes (predominately on the fringes of the settlement and large irregular fields. There are occasional planed and piecemeal enclosure fields.

FIGURE 38.4 WILMCOTE SENSITIVITY MAP

Assessment of Archaeological Sensitivity (Figure 38.4)

4.38.8 Areas of high sensitivity are considered likely in the areas of the historic core and within the locations of the deserted medieval settlement to the southwest (WIL 24).

4.38.9 A medium sensitivity buffer has been indicated in the areas bordering these and in the extent between the two medieval settlements on the south. Medium sensitivity is also indicated on the eastern side of the settlement, between the two ‘arms’ of the historic core, and on the southwest, in the fields between the church and chapel (WIL 26 and 33) and the ridge and furrow historic core and areas of ridge and furrow where associated activity could be present.

4.38.10 To the northeast, the area of post-medieval activity around the lime kilns is also suggested to be of medium sensitivity; although any surviving remains may have been be impacted by the woodland coverage. Areas of ridge and furrow have been denoted as medium / low sensitivity. The archaeological sensitivity in the rest of the area is considered low / uncertain.

Conclusions and Recommendations

High Sensitivity

4.38.11 Within the areas of high sensitivity a programme of pre-determination assessment is likely to be required. Such work could comprise a mixture of detailed desk-based assessment; a programme of non-intrusive survey works; and / or programmes of evaluation trenching. Mitigation may be required (e.g. watching brief, survey work, open area excavation), depending on the results of the initial assessment work; and the results of the pre-determination assessment may be used to inform upon changes to the proposed development’s design scheme. Post-excavation works will also be required. Should remains of national importance be encountered, it is possible that programmes of in situ preservation may be required. Development which would adversely affect such remains (or their setting) would not be permitted.

4.38.12 It is highly recommended that consultation with the Planning Archaeologist in WCC’s Archaeological Information and Advice Team, be undertaken early as possible in order to determine the exact scope of works for specific sites. The need for pre-determination works and / or further mitigation will be dependent upon the size and scale of the proposed development. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Medium Sensitivity

4.38.13 Within the areas of medium sensitivity a programme of pre-determination investigation may be required, dependent on the size and scale of the development. Such work could comprise a mixture of detailed desk-based assessment; non-intrusive survey works; and / or programmes of evaluation trenching. In some instances, the need for survey works; and / or programmes of evaluation trenching may be attached to planning approval as a condition.

4.38.14 Within these areas there are no statutory constraints to propose development. It is recommended that pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist be undertaken in order to determine the exact scope of works for specific sites.

4.38.15 Mitigation (e.g. watching brief, survey work, open area excavation) may be required based on the results of the initial assessment work and / or pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist. Post-excavation works will also be required. Should remains of national importance be encountered during the pre-determination or mitigation works, it is possible that programmes of in situ preservation and changes to the proposed development design scheme may be required. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Medium – Low and Low Sensitivity

4.38.16 Within areas identified as low – medium sensitivity there are no statutory constraints to development. These areas comprise fields to the north, west and south of the settlement, identified as containing evidence of ridge and furrow ploughing. Depending upon its nature and extent, the ridge and furrow may contain value as either as a physical example of upstanding remains or evidence of past land- use; as well as the potential to conceal evidence of earlier activity.

4.38.17 For this reason, pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist is recommended in order to determine the exact scope of works for specific sites. Due to the uncertainty of the archaeological resource in this area, a programme of pre-determination assessment may be required (dependent upon the size and scale of the proposed development) which could comprise a basic archaeological assessment including a site visit to assess the nature of the ridge and furrow and appraisal of the likely impact from the proposed development works.

4.38.18 Based on the results of this initial assessment and / or pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist, further works may be recommended, such as programmes of non-intrusive survey, evaluation trenching and / or watching briefs, attached to planning approval as a condition. Further mitigation may be required based on the results of the initial assessment work and / or pre- planning consultation. Post-excavation works will also be required. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

4.38.19 Within areas identified as low sensitivity there are no statutory constraints to development. It is recommended that pre-submission consultation is undertaken with the WCC Planning Archaeologist to confirm the scope of works. Within these areas, programmes of pre-determination fieldwork are unlikely, although this is dependent on the size and scale of the development. A heritage statement (identifying likely constraints and development impact) may be required to be submitted with the planning application.

4.38.20 Dependent on the size and scale of the development, further works / mitigation may be required and attached as conditioned to planning approval. Such works could comprise programmes of evaluation trenching, survey work and / or watching brief. As with all sites, should remains of national importance be encountered during the pre-determination or mitigation works, it is possible that programmes of in situ preservation and changes to the proposed development design scheme may be required. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Conservation Area & Listed Buildings

4.38.21 For any new development / alterations within or adjacent to the extent of the conservation area, it is recommended that early consultation is undertaken with the Stratford-on-Avon Conservation Officer. Works within the conservation area will require Conservation Area Consent and all works will need to consider the visual impact of the area and its setting. Similar consideration should be made of the impact upon character of listed buildings within the study area, and their setting. Any alterations or demolition would require Listed Building Consent. Consultation with English Heritage may be required for the highest grade of buildings. This is in line with Policies EF.12, EF.13 and EF.14 of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

4.39 HEA 39: Wootton Wawen

Introduction

4.39.1 Wootton Wawen is located within the parish of the same name, c. 10km northwest of Stratford-upon- Avon, approximately centred on NGR SP 15287 63198. Wootton is thought to be early medieval in origin and is recorded as a pre-Conquest manor in the Domesday Survey of 1086 and is first mentioned in a 8th century charter. The place-name is thought to mean ‘farm by the wood’ with the suffix ‘Wawen’ referring to the Norman lord Wagen (commonly called Wawen) who held the manor (Gover et al 1970).

4.39.2 First and second edition Ordnance Survey mapping illustrates settlement pattern of the village which is nucleated to the south of the church and Wootton Hall. The settlement follows the main road around these features, with a further cluster to the east between Wootton Bridge and the canal. Dispersed settlements, corn mills and brickworks are noted in the surrounding landscape. The available online geological mapping indicates that the majority of the village is located on Arden Sandstone (siltstone and sandstone). This is overlain in areas by Wasperton sand and gravels and alluvium associated with the course of the River Alne.

Designated Heritage Assets (Figure 39.1)

4.39.3 A total of three scheduled monuments (WOO 1-3), one Grade I, four Grade II* and 31 Grade II listed buildings (WOO 4–39) lie within the 500m study area (see Appendix A). There are no registered park and gardens within the study area. The village has a conservation area, as designated by Stratford- on-Avon District Council.

4.39.4 The three scheduled monuments relate to medieval earthworks and fishponds (WOO 1 and 2) in the centre and south of the settlement and a post-medieval aqueduct (WOO 3) in the east of the study area. The Grade I listed building comprises the medieval Church of St. Peter (WOO 4) on the northern side of the scheduled area; whilst the Grade II* buildings comprise the Wootton Wawen Aqueduct (WOO 5); Manor Farmhouse (WOO 6) and Wootton Hall and its former chapel (WOO 7 and 8).

Historic Environments Record Data (Figure 39.2)

4.39.5 A total of 54 heritage assets lie within the 1km study area, of which 30 lie within the 500m study area (see Appendix A).

4.39.6 The most notable evidence is the site of the medieval shrunken settlement and possible motte and bailey castle (WOO 51 and 52), located south of the village in the scheduled areas identified as ’fishpond’s, and the area of the early medieval minster, medieval priory and other buildings and features in the centre of the village (e.g. WOO 44, 45, 53, 56, 67).

4.39.7 Other medieval period evidence includes a moated site to the north of the village (WOO 50) and an area of possible deserted settlement to the south (WOO 49). The eastern side of the village is occupied by the large Wootton Wawen Hall (WOO 7) and its former grounds. Within the area other evidence has included the discovery of undated human remains to the east of the church (WOO 92 and 91) the site of a possible medieval water mill in the northeast (WOO 54), and an area of undated cropmarks to the west (WOO 93).

FIGURE 39.1 WOOTTON WAWEN DESIGNATED ASSETS MAP

Aerial Photographs and LiDAR (Figure 39.2)

4.39.8 An assessment of readily available aerial photographic evidence and LiDAR data, held by the WHER, identified a number of possible features within the 500m study area. Possible features, excluding ridge and furrow, identified based on appraisal of these sources are mapped on Figure 39.2. An assessment of readily available aerial photographic evidence and LiDAR data identified evidence of earthworks / cropmarks to the east of the scheduled area, visible on the online aerial photographic evidence (WOO A) and possibly related to land management or drainage.

4.39.9 Other features (possibly earthworks) were noted in the field to the south of the scheduled remains (WOO B); with some features (possibly drainage) visible on the 1945 aerial photograph, but less

certain on the later sources. Possible cropmarks were also identified in an area to the west / northwest of the deserted settlement in the south of the study areas (WOO C), visible on online photographic evidence dated 2005. The aerial photographs also highlighted number of areas of ridge and furrow to the north, west and southeast of the settlement and the scheduled earthworks in the centre and south were also very apparent.

FIGURE 39.2 WOOTTON WAWEN HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD MAP

FIGURE 39.3 WOOTTON WAWEN HISTORIC LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISATION MAP

Historic Landscape Character (Figure 39.3) 4.39.10 The HLC mapping data highlights the extent of the settlement with the central focus around the church, with additional settlement to the east and west. The railway line passes north-south to the west of the village. In addition to the canal which passes to the east of the village. Wootton Pool is located to the north of the village, the water course from which runs south to the east of the church.

The surrounding fieldscapes include paddocks, large post-war fields, large irregular rectilinear fields with occasional planned and piecemeal enclosure.

FIGURE 39.4 WOOTTON WAWEN SENSITIVITY MAP

Assessment of Archaeological Sensitivity (Figure 39.4)

4.39.11 Areas of high sensitivity are considered likely in the three scheduled areas (WOO 1-3) and the areas of the areas of the historic core including the medieval moated area in the north (WOO 50). Other high sensitivity areas are suggested in the site of the possible medieval water mill to the northwest (WOO 54), the identified areas of the deserted medieval village to the south (WOO 49); and the earthworks noted on the very western edge of the study areas (WOO 93)

4.39.12 Medium sensitivity has been indicated in the around the historic core, particular on the south, west and east of the possible castle site where some tentative features have been identified from the

aerial photography (e.g. WOO A and WOO B) and the area around the medieval moated site in the north. Other areas are indicated as medium sensitivity in clued the possible cropmarks in the south (WOO C) and an arbitrary buffer around WOO 93 in the west. The area of Wootton Wawen Hall (WOO 7) has also been identified as medium sensitivity due to the potential for planned garden features and the medium potential for settlement and related activity.

4.39.13 Areas of ridge and furrow have been denoted as medium / low sensitivity. These areas may shield evidence of earlier activity, in particular on the western side of the village, adjacent to the historic core and near the medieval moated site.

4.39.14 The archaeological sensitivity in the rest of the area is considered low / uncertain.

Conclusions and Recommendations

Scheduled Monument

4.39.15 Any works upon, within the extent of, or directly adjacent to the designated scheduled monument will, in the first instance, require detailed consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist and English Heritage (as appropriate). Works likely to cause substantial harm to, or loss of, the designated heritage asset are unlikely to be permitted. Should works proceed, Scheduled Monument Consent will be required. Programmes of detailed pre-determination assessment and mitigation works such as open area excavation, strip map and recording and / or in situ preservation are likely to be required.

4.39.16 Any works in the proximity to the medieval earthworks, fishponds and post-medieval aqueduct or large scale / high rise development within which the visual envelope of the monument is likely to fall), will need to consider the potential visual impact upon the setting of the heritage asset. Any pre- determination assessment will need to include detailed site visits and an assessment of views from and towards the affected assets; an appraisal of the asset’s form, function, nature and importance; and an assessment of the likely form and extent of the proposed development.

High Sensitivity

4.39.17 Within the areas of high sensitivity a programme of pre-determination assessment is likely to be required. Such work could comprise a mixture of detailed desk-based assessment; a programme of non-intrusive survey works; and / or programmes of evaluation trenching. Mitigation may be required (e.g. watching brief, survey work, open area excavation), depending on the results of the initial assessment work; and the results of the pre-determination assessment may be used to inform upon changes to the proposed development’s design scheme. Post-excavation works will also be required. Should remains of national importance be encountered, it is possible that programmes of in situ preservation may be required. Development which would adversely affect such remains (or their setting) would not be permitted.

4.39.18 It is highly recommended that consultation with the Planning Archaeologist in WCC’s Archaeological Information and Advice Team, be undertaken early as possible in order to determine the exact scope of works for specific sites. The need for pre-determination works and / or further mitigation will be dependent upon the size and scale of the proposed development. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Medium Sensitivity

4.39.19 Within the areas of medium sensitivity a programme of pre-determination investigation may be required, dependent on the size and scale of the development. Such work could comprise a mixture of detailed desk-based assessment; non-intrusive survey works; and / or programmes of evaluation

trenching. In some instances, the need for survey works; and / or programmes of evaluation trenching may be attached to planning approval as a condition.

4.39.20 Within these areas there are no statutory constraints to propose development. It is recommended that pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist be undertaken in order to determine the exact scope of works for specific sites.

4.39.21 Mitigation (e.g. watching brief, survey work, open area excavation) may be required based on the results of the initial assessment work and / or pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist. Post-excavation works will also be required. Should remains of national importance be encountered during the pre-determination or mitigation works, it is possible that programmes of in situ preservation and changes to the proposed development design scheme may be required. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Medium – Low and Low Sensitivity

4.39.22 Within areas identified as low – medium sensitivity there are no statutory constraints to development. These areas comprise fields to the west of the settlement, identified as containing evidence of ridge and furrow ploughing. Depending upon its nature and extent, the ridge and furrow may contain value as either as a physical example of upstanding remains or evidence of past land-use; as well as the potential to conceal evidence of earlier activity.

4.39.23 For this reason, pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist is recommended in order to determine the exact scope of works for specific sites. Due to the uncertainty of the archaeological resource in this area, a programme of pre-determination assessment may be required (dependent upon the size and scale of the proposed development) which could comprise a basic archaeological assessment including a site visit to assess the nature of the ridge and furrow and appraisal of the likely impact from the proposed development works.

4.39.24 Based on the results of this initial assessment and / or pre-planning consultation with the WCC Planning Archaeologist, further works may be recommended, such as programmes of non-intrusive survey, evaluation trenching and / or watching briefs, attached to planning approval as a condition. Further mitigation may be required based on the results of the initial assessment work and / or pre- planning consultation. Post-excavation works will also be required. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

4.39.25 Within areas identified as low sensitivity there are no statutory constraints to development. It is recommended that pre-submission consultation is undertaken with the WCC Planning Archaeologist to confirm the scope of works. Within these areas, programmes of pre-determination fieldwork are unlikely, although this is dependent on the size and scale of the development. A heritage statement (identifying likely constraints and development impact) may be required to be submitted with the planning application.

4.39.26 Dependent on the size and scale of the development, further works / mitigation may be required and attached as conditioned to planning approval. Such works could comprise programmes of evaluation trenching, survey work and / or watching brief. As with all sites, should remains of national importance be encountered during the pre-determination or mitigation works, it is possible that programmes of in situ preservation and changes to the proposed development design scheme may be required. This is in-line with Policies EF.11, EF.11A and EF.11B of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.

Conservation Area & Listed Buildings

4.39.27 For any new development / alterations within or adjacent to the extent of the conservation area, it is recommended that early consultation is undertaken with the Stratford-on-Avon Conservation Officer. Works within the conservation area will require Conservation Area Consent and all works will need to consider the visual imoact of the area and its setting. Similar consideration should be made of the impact upon character of listed buildings within the study area, and their setting. Any alterations or demolition would require Listed Building Consent. Consultation with English Heritage may be required for the highest grade of buildings. This is in line with Policies EF.12, EF.13 and EF.14 of the Stratford-on-Avon Local Plan Review.