FREE BROTHER TO THE SUN KING: PHILIPPE, DUKE OF ORLEANS PDF

Nancy Nichols Barker | 368 pages | 01 Dec 1998 | JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY PRESS | 9780801861642 | English | Baltimore, MD, United States Philippe I, Duke of Orleans' Peculiar Life and Blood Rivalry Shaped Kingdoms

His heirs formed a junior collateral branch of the royal . He Duke of Orleans originally known by the title "Duke of Anjou". As a son of a French king, Philippe ranked as a fils de Franceand as the king's younger brother, he was invariably referred to at court simply as Monsieur. She was known at court as MadameHenriette d'Angleterre Henrietta of or affectionately as Minette and was a famed beauty. Philippe was said to have doted Brother to the Sun King: Philippe Henriette for the first year of their marriage, but their relationship soon turned sour when she allegedly began an affair with the Count of Guiche [1] and went on to seek comfort from others. Philippe openly paraded his mignons in front of his wife and the whole court. She soon attracted the attention of the King. In time, Louis indeed Duke of Orleans in love with Louise and made her his mistress. Reluctantly, and somewhat bitterly, Henriette stepped aside. She is said to have eventually taken one of her husband's earlier conquests, Armand de Gramont as a lover. Despite this marital dissension, several children were born of their union. However, Henriette, known for her fragile and delicate health, had four miscarriages in the space of five years. It was there that the Duchess died at the age of twenty-six. The death of the duchess on 30 June was popularly attributed to poison. The main suspects of this alleged crime were the Duke himself and the Chevalier de Lorraine. Although the duke may not have been involved, the enmity between Minette and the Chevalier de Lorraine was not a hidden truth. After an autopsy was performed, it was reported that Henrietta-Anne Brother to the Sun King: Philippe died of peritonitis caused by an ulcer. During his marriage to Henriette-Anne, Philippe was heard to have said that he had loved her for fifteen days [ citation needed ]. Upon her arrival in France, "Liselotte" converted to Roman Catholicismbefore the marriage ceremony. Whereas Philippe's Duke of Orleans wife had been known for beauty, charm and wit, Liselotte lacked those graces. Some said Duke of Orleans this lack explained why she fared better with her husband who personally took charge of her toilette for public occasions [ clarification needed ] than did his first wife. She bore him his only surviving son. Liselotte also became known for her brusque candor, upright character, lack Brother to the Sun King: Philippe vanity, and prolific foreign correspondence about the daily routine and frequent scandals of Versailles. Her letters record how willingly she gave up sharing Philippe's bed at his request after their children's births, and how unwillingly she endured the presence of his minions in their householdwhich caused the couple to quarrel. But she frequently acknowledged that Philippe's treatment of her was less offensive than the impertinences his entourage indulged in at her expense, and the lack of protection he afforded her and their children against the hostile intrigues she believed were directed at her by spiteful Duke of Orleansespecially Madame-de- Maintenon. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Hidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from February Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Add links. Married to Charles II of . Maria Adelaide of Savoy. Married to Louis, Dauphin of France. Maria Luisa Gabriella of Savoy. Married to . Married Barbara of Portugal. Married Maria Antonietta of Duke of Orleans. Eleonora Maria Teresa of Savoy. Maria Felicita. Married his niece Maria Ana. Married to Philip, Brother to the Sun King: Philippe of Parma. Isabella of Parma. Maria Theresia. Ferdinand, Duke of Parma. Married Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria. Princess Caroline of Parma. Brother to the Sun King: Philippe Prince Maximilian of Saxony. Louis of Etruria. Married Maria Louisa, Duchess of Lucca. Maria Antonia. Married to Charles IV of Spain. Carlota Joaquina of Spain. Married to John VI of Portugal. Maria Amalia. Married to Antonio Pascual of Spain. Maria Louisa. Married to Louis of Etruria. Ferdinand VII of Spain. Charles, Count of Molina. Maria Isabella of Spain. Married to Francis I of the Two Sicilies. Infante Francisco de Paula of Spain. Married to Leopold, Duke of Lorraine. Married to Charles de France, duc de Berry. Philippe I, Duke of Orléans - Wikipedia

InPhilippe also received the dukedoms Duke of Orleans Valois and Chartres. Although he was open about his homosexual behaviour and freely acted effeminatelyhe married twice and fathered several children. Through the children of his two marriages, Philippe became an ancestor of most modern-day Roman Catholic royalty, giving him the nickname of " the grandfather of Europe ". As the son of a ruling king, the infant Philippe held the rank of a Fils de France son of France. From birth, Philippe was second in line to the throne of France and was entitled to the style of Royal Highness. However, Louis respected tradition and gave him the title of Duke of Anjou instead, a title commonly granted to the younger sons of French kings since the fourteenth century. Their mother Queen Anne revoked the late king's will to arrange for a power-sharing agreement with Cardinal Mazarinwho had been serving as Louis XIII's chief minister. Anne was now in full control of her children, something she had been vying for since their birth. As the younger brother of the king, Philippe was addressed as le Petit Monsieursince his uncle Gaston, who had also been the younger brother Duke of Orleans a French king, was still alive. Gaston was then known as le Grand Monsieur. The child Philippe was acknowledged to be attractive and intelligent. The Duchess of Montpensier dubbed him the "prettiest child in the world", [8] while his mother's friend and confidant, Madame de Motteville, later said of Philippe that he displayed a "lively intelligence" early on. In the autumn ofat age seven, Philippe caught smallpoxbut recovered and convalesced at the Palais-Royal. A year later, he was taken from the care of women and, on 11 May carried out his first official ceremony when he was baptised publicly at the Palais Royal. His tutors were chosen by Mazarinwho was created the superintendent of the prince's education by his mother. His education emphasized languages, history, literature, mathematics and dancing. When Philippe was eight, the civil war known as the Fronde began in France. It lasted until in its two main phases: the Fronde Parlementaire — and the Fronde des nobles — During the conflict, the was obliged to flee on the night of 9 February [14] for the safety of Saint-Germain-en-Laye [15] in order to avoid a revolt by the nobility against Mazarin. When peace returned, the decision was made for Philippe to move his household to the Palais des Tuileriespreviously the residence of the duchess of Montpensier opposite the Palais Royal. All his life, Philippe would be a noted Brother to the Sun King: Philippe of etiquette and panoply, ensuring that all ceremonial details were adhered to. In late JuneLouis became gravely ill. Presumed to have typhoidLouis was almost pronounced dead when, in mid-July, he began to recover. The illness made Philippe, to the throne, the centre of attention. For fear of infection, Philippe could not see his brother. During the crisis, Queen Anne became closer Duke of Orleans her younger son, showing him more affection. Some two weeks later, on 25 October, Philippe bought the estate forlivres. In order to discourage the type of tempestuous relationship that had developed between Louis XIII and his younger brother Gaston, and Cardinal Mazarin made Duke of Orleans a private policy to prevent Philippe from pursuing ambitions which might Duke of Orleans rivalry with or defiance of the king. Aside from his appanage, he was given no meaningful financial freedom from the Crown. It appears that was the key year in which Philippe's sexuality became well defined. Even once married, he reportedly carried on open romantic affairs with German nobles, with no regard to either of his two wives. Philippe was infatuated with the famously arrogant Armand de Gramont, comte de Guiche. The latter had entered Philippe's life as captain of the chase and stayed in his household until Philippe's death. Among the lovers, one man stands out, Philip of Lorraine-Armagnacthe never-married Chevalier de Lorrainewho was described as "insinuating, brutal and devoid of scruple". Finally, he was banished to . He had previously been encouraged to court his older cousin the Duchess of Montpensiereldest daughter of Gaston and his first wife Marie de Bourbon. Known as Mademoiselle at this time, she had an immense private fortune and had previously rejected suitors such as Charles II of England. Mademoiselle declined the union, complaining that Philippe always stayed near his mother as if he was "like a child". They lived at the Palais Royal and at the Palais du Louvre. InBrother to the Sun King: Philippe the of the House of Stuart to the throne of England under her brother Charles IIPrincess Henrietta returned to Brother to the Sun King: Philippe to visit her sister, the Princess of Orange[37] who later caught smallpox and died. The French court officially asked for Henrietta's hand on behalf of Philippe on 22 November while she was in England. Court gossip later said that the king was the father of Henrietta's first child. Henrietta's very open flirting is said to have caused a jealous Philippe to retaliate by beginning to flaunt his sexuality openly in a less than accepting era. Henrietta's flirting with Duke of Orleans king started early in the summer of while the newlyweds were staying at the Duke of Orleans of Fontainebleau for the summer. Philippe complained to his mother about the intimacy that Louis and Henrietta displayed, which led Queen Anne to reprimand both son and daughter-in-law. The couple moved from the Tuileries in early to the Palais Royal. The girl was baptised on 21 May InHenrietta gave birth at Fontainebleau to a son who was given the title Duke of Valois. The child seems to be in excellent health". Philippe, however, was anxious to maintain the allowance which his son had received from the king. Inthe Brother to the Sun King: Philippe de Guiche was exiled from the court with Philippe reporting to Queen Anne that Henrietta had had private interviews with the dashing nobleman. Philippe took part in the War of Devolution in while Henrietta remained at Saint Cloud in a state of pregnancy. On the field, Philippe took an active part in the trenches at Tournai and Douay and distinguished himself through his valour and coolness under fire. Hearing that Henrietta was ill due to a miscarriage, he returned to Saint Cloud, where she was recovering from an ordeal which almost cost her her life. He was finally banished to Rome after offending the king and Henrietta by boasting that he Brother to the Sun King: Philippe get Philippe to divorce her. The couple had their last child in Augusta daughter who was baptised Anne Marie at the private chapel of the Palais Royal on 8 April by Philippe's first chaplain, the bishop of Vabres. Henrietta is best known to political historians in France for her part in negotiating the Secret Treaty of Doveran offensive and defensive treaty between England and France signed at Dover on 1 June The Third Anglo-Dutch War was a direct consequence of this treaty. Having returned to France at the end of JuneHenrietta had to endure Philippe's blatant spite [61] for her part in the Chevalier's exile and her secret mission to Dover. Despite tense relations, she travelled to Saint Cloud on 24 June, when she started to complain of pains in her side. Taken inside, she was undressed and started to exclaim that she had been poisoned. Henrietta was mourned greatly at the court of France, but little by her husband, due to their strained relationship. Louis himself asked her if she wanted to fill "the vacant place", [67] but she politely declined the offer. She was recommended by Anna Gonzagaa confidante of Philippe's and wife of the bride's uncle, the Prince Palatine Edward. Elizabeth Charlotte had grown up with her aunt Sophia of Hanover due to her parents' bad relationship. Throughout her life she would remain in contact with the Electress Sophia, writing some 50, letters that detailed life at the court of France. When Philippe first saw her, he is said to have remarked "how will I ever be able to sleep with her? She became renowned for her brusque candour, upright character, and lack of vanity. Her letters record how willingly she gave up sharing Philippe's bed at his request after their children's births and how Duke of Orleans she quietly endured the presence of his male favourites in their household. The couple were very happy in the first years of their marriage. The Chevalier de Lorraine was in Italy, but returned in spring Pregnant later that year, Elizabeth Charlotte gave birth to a son in June who was named Alexandre Louis and given the title Duke of Valois. Alexandre Louis died, however, in Elizabeth Brother to the Sun King: Philippe acted as a mother to Philippe's children by Henrietta and maintained correspondence with them until their last days. Having already established himself as a successful military commander during the War of Devolution inPhilippe was eager to return to the field. In and he took part in sieges in Flanders, and was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant generalwhich made him second-in-command to Louis XIV himself. Philippe, who learned of his plans, arranged to meet William's forces at Penebeek between Noordpeene and Zuytpeene. By nightfall there were 66, soldiers ready for battle. The Dutch attacked the French positions without scouting first. Marshal Luxembourg surprised the Dutch with a cavalry attack that practically destroyed three battalions and routed William's army. In all, casualties on both sides amounted to 4, dead and 7, wounded. Philippe was hailed for his skill as a military commander, much to the annoyance of his brother, the king. The latter Brother to the Sun King: Philippe his favourite residence, [80] the home of an ever-expanding and "stormy" court. Following Lepautre's death inwork on Saint Cloud was continued by his executive assistant Jean Girard in collaboration with Thomas Gobert. Later on, Philippe sought Mansart to design a grand staircase in the left wing in the manner of the Ambassadors' Staircase at Versailles. At the time of Philippe's death inthe estate of Saint Cloud covered some1, acres 4. Minor improvements at the Palais Royal began in at the time of Philippe's marriage to Henrietta, but the property was part of the crown holdings, and had not been used officially for years. Philippe not only enjoyed architecture Brother to the Sun King: Philippe court society, but also music and dancing; he was in fact famed for his exceptional dancing abilities. Philippe was a patron of musicians such as AnglebertDumontArlaudand Marie Aubrymany of whom would stay part of his son's household after his death in Philippe's small art collection created the basis for the Orleans Collectionone of the most important art collections ever assembled. With the permission of the parlement of Paris, Philippe sponsored projects to help maintain his estates and enhance their profitability. Philippe's Duke of Orleans investment and management of his various estates made him a wealthy man in his own right, and his fortune Duke of Orleans augmented considerably at the death of his cousin Mademoiselle in In later life, Philippe Brother to the Sun King: Philippe thus able to maintain his lavish lifestyle easily, and he found much satisfaction in the activities of his children and grandchildren. Both of his daughters by his first wife Henrietta became queens, and his son the Duke of Chartres pursued an active and distinguished military career, having served at the Battle of Steenkerque in as well as the Siege of Namurmuch to his father's pride. InPhilippe's granddaughter Maria Adelaide came to the French court from Italy for her marriage to Louis, Duke of Burgundywho was third in line to the throne. InChartres was denied a position on the front in the War of the Spanish Successionwhich began that year. Nonetheless, the announcement of dinner halted the argument, and the brothers sat down to dine. Philippe angrily returned to Saint Cloud early the same evening to Duke of Orleans with his son. Philippe collapsed onto his son after suffering a fatal stroke [98] at noon 9 June at Brother to the Sun King: Philippe age Duke of Orleans sixty. Philippe I, Duke of Orléans | Palace of Versailles

Although Louis XIV's direct descendants retained the throne, his brother Philippe's descendants flourished until the end of the French monarchy. The house was never a reigning house, as Brazil's pure Braganza monarch, Pedro IIwas deposed in The House's members are the current Duke of Orleans to the Brazilian throne since as part of the Imperial House of Brazil. The house is also the second in the Orleanist line of succession to the French royal throne. The elder of these branches consisted of Prince Gaston, Duke of Anjouyounger son of king Henry IVand the Brother to the Sun King: Philippe daughters of his two marriages. Princess Anne, Duchess of Calabria. He was to maintain a high position at court till his death in As a fils de FrancePhilippe's surname was de France. The first two dukes, as son and patrilineal grandson, respectively, of a French king, were entitled to be addressed as Royal Highness. But Philippe I was primarily known as Monsieurthe style Brother to the Sun King: Philippe at the French court for the king's eldest brother. This combined household, though not fully functional untilcontained almost members including officers, courtiers, footmen, gardeners, and even barbers. The regent ruled France from his family residence in Paris, the Palais-Royal. In January Louis XV gained his majority and began to govern the country on Brother to the Sun King: Philippe own. Nonetheless, since his rank by birth as a great-grandson of a French king was prince du sangthat of premier prince du sang constituted a higher style, of which he and his descendants henceforth made use. Although still in his twenties when widowed, he did not remarry after his wife's death, and is not known to have ever taken a mistress. He died in the Monastery of St. His wife outlived him by almost thirty years. They were both buried in the Chapelle royale Brother to the Sun King: Philippe Dreux. He went so far as to vote for the execution of his cousin, King Louis XVIan act which earned him popularity among the revolutionaries, and the undying hostility of many French monarchists. He remained in prison until October, the beginning of Brother to the Sun King: Philippe Reign of Terror. He was shortlisted for a trial on October 3, and effectively tried and guillotined in the space of one day, on the orders of Maximilien Robespierre. His brother, the duc de Montpensierwould die in England, and his sister fled to Switzerland after being imprisoned for a while. He too died in exile. Louis XVI 's execution. Louis Philippe ruled as a constitutional monarchand as such was called King of the Frenchrather than "of France". His reign lasted until the Revolution ofwhen he abdicated and fled to England. Legitimist monarchists however continued to uphold the rights of the elder line of Bourbons, who came close to regaining the throne after the fall of the [Second Empire] [ citation needed ]. In the early s, a majority of deputies in the National Assembly were monarchists, as was the nation's president, MacMahon. But the refusal of the last male of Louis XIV's direct line, the comte de Chambordto accept the tricolore as France's flag under a restored monarchy proved an insurmountable obstacle to his candidacy. Louis-Philippe and his family lived in England until his death in ClaremontSurrey. Like his mother, he and his wife, Amelia —were buried at the Duke of Orleans royale de Dreux. Inthe comte de Chambord died without children. He received the title Comte de Clermont. Five children were born from this union, before the marriage Duke of Orleans in divorce. Jean, Count of Parisis now the head of the house. Their private home, given to them by the king, was the Palais RoyalParis. Later he replaced it with a new baroque building, including vast gardens on the Seine River. He also had a number of smaller rural properties. The apartments looked over the Parterres du Midi of the south and were directly under the Grand Appartement de la reine. These looked out onto the Parterres du Midi of the south. The family also had apartments where the modern day Galerie des batailles are. The apartments of the family were later moved to the bottom floor of the north wing, opposite Duke of Orleans Chapelle Royal de Versaillesthis time looking over the Parterres du Midi of the north. The family remained there till the French Revolution. Parterres du Midi at Versailles. Palais RoyalParis Along with their government allowances and because the family were known as the Premier Princes du Sangthey often received fortunes and titles from inheritances:. Among these were the:. During the July Monarchythe now reigning royal family acquired Brother to the Sun King: Philippe. When Henri, Count of Paris —returned to France inhe didn't find much property left, except for a few castles which produced no income. Having 11 children and divorcing his wife, he decided, into transfer the most important family assets to a family foundation, Fondation Saint-Louisin order to save them from future inheritance distribution and taxes. He sold further property, resulting in legal action by his sons, and still died heavily in debt. Chapelle royale de Dreux. Brother to the Sun King: Philippe British wanted a prince of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha for the Spanish princess, and claimed that her future children with Montpensier would not be able to succeed to the French throne, due to the Treaty of Utrechtwherein Montpensier's ancestor the Duke of Orleans renounced his rights to succeed to the Spanish throne for himself and his descendants. Louis Philippe opposed this interpretation and claimed Duke of Orleans the only purpose of the Treaty of Utrecht was to keep France and Spain separate. However, the marriage of Isabella II produced many children. Montpensier funded the rebels, which helped to overthrow the government of his sister-in-law. However, the Cortes elected Amadeo of Savoy instead of him. Montpensier's son, Infante Antoniosuccessfully claimed the succession to the dukedom of Gallierafrom which this branch takes its name. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. Learn how and when to remove these template messages. This article may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience. Please help by spinning off or relocating any relevant information, and removing Duke of Orleans detail that may be against Wikipedia's inclusion policy. June Learn how and when to remove this template message. This article needs Brother to the Sun King: Philippe citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Extended royal family. See also: Duke of Galliera. Retrieved 11 November Cambridge University Press. Johns Hopkins University Press ed. Nouvelles Editions Latines ed. Memoir of , king of the French. Comte de Paris Letters, Odile Jacob ed. Cadet branch of the . Second French Republic declared. Henry VI of England. I Napoleon II. Louis Philippe I. Napoleon III. to the French throne since Royal houses of Europe. Britain and Ireland. Plantagenet Lusignan Ottoman Savoy. Pharnavazid Artaxiad Arsacid Chosroid Bagrationi. Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Habsburg Habsburg-Lorraine Ottoman. 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