13/06/2011 Lliurament: Plataforma Plataforma / GNU Linux

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13/06/2011 Lliurament: Plataforma Plataforma / GNU Linux 2011 - Lliurament: Lliurament: 13/06/2011 Plataforma GNU / Linux Treball Fi de Carrera: UOC 2010 UOC 2010 DISSENY GRÀFIC AMB PROGRAMARI LLIURE CCOONNSSUULLTTOORR Miquel Angel Senar Rosell EETTIIGG:: EENNGGIINNYYEERRIIAA TTÈÈCCNNIICCAA IINNFFOORRMMÀÀTTIICCAA DDEE GGEESSTTIIÓÓ Raúl Cascallana Nistal TFC – Disseny gràfic amb programari lliure Llicència (Creative Commons) Aquest treball està subjecte – excepte que s'indiqui el contrari – a una llicència de Reconeixement–NoComercial–SenseObraDerivada No Adaptada 3.0 Espanya de Creative Commons. Podeu copiar-lo, distribuir-lo i transmetre'l públicament sempre que citeu l'autor i l'obra, no es faci un ús comercial i no es faci còpia derivada. La llicència completa es pot consultar a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- nd/3.0/deed.ca. Raúl Cascallana Nistal Pàgina 2 de 182 TFC – Disseny gràfic amb programari lliure Dedicatòria i agraïments “A la meva parella i a la meva família, que han hagut de patir la manca de temps i dedicació envers ells i que han estat en tot moment recolzant-me durant tots els estudis. Als meus amics (si en queden), companys de feina i companys d’estudis que han propiciat que pogués entendre molts conceptes; gràcies per la seva predisposició i la seva comprensió. Totes aquestes persones han permès que, hagi pogut afrontar la duresa, l’exclusiva dedicació i la durada d’aquest repte. Finalment, volia agrair al meu consultor Miquel Angel Senar Rosell la seva ajuda en el plantejament i desenvolupament del treball per la seva definició i millora, i a la majoria de consultors que he gaudit durant tots els estudis que m’han ajudat en el procés d’aprenentatge.” Resum del TFC En aquest treball es farà una introducció al programari lliure i els sistemes GNU/Linux, es realitzarà un anàlisi comparatiu de diferents aplicacions propietàries enfront aplicacions lliures en el camp del disseny gràfic i sobre diferents temàtiques (edició d’imatges, edició d’imatges vectorials, maquetació i publicació, animació 2D i 3D, etc.), s’estudiaran diverses distribucions de sistemes GNU/Linux orientades al disseny i als entorns multimèdia i, finalment, s’estudiaran diferents mètodes per treballar amb aplicacions i sistemes propietaris des d’algun d’aquests sistemes (mitjançant un emulador de Windows o instal·lant un programa de virtualització). Aquest treball planteja la possibilitat de migrar entorns de disseny gràfic amb programari privatiu donant a conèixer alternatives de programari lliure de qualitat que poden satisfer les necessitats de gran quantitat d’usuaris i que permeten reduir enormement els costos i el manteniment. També serveix per introduir el lector en la temàtica de la virtualització per propiciar la convivència i el treball de diferents sistemes des d’un mateix equip. Es tractaran molts temes com els aspectes que poden influir positivament en l’adopció de programari i sistemes lliures, les característiques del programes analitzats, els requisits que es necessitaran, la implantació d’un sistema GNU/Linux, algunes de les eines de virtualització (les seves característiques) que es poden trobar al mercat i la seva implantació. Raúl Cascallana Nistal Pàgina 3 de 182 TFC – Disseny gràfic amb programari lliure Índex de continguts LLICÈNCIA (CREATIVE COMMONS) ........................................................... 2 DEDICATÒRIA I AGRAÏMENTS .................................................................. 3 RESUM DEL TFC ....................................................................................... 3 ÍNDEX DE CONTINGUTS ........................................................................... 4 ÍNDEX DE TAULES .................................................................................... 8 ÍNDEX DE FIGURES ................................................................................... 8 1. INTRODUCCIÓ ................................................................................. 10 1.1. ANTECEDENTS I SITUACIÓ ACTUAL ................................................................... 10 1.2. JUSTIFICACIÓ DEL TFC I CONTEXT EN EL QUAL ES DESENVOLUPA: PUNT DE PARTIDA I APORTACIÓ DEL TFC ............................................................................................... 10 1.3. DESCRIPCIÓ GENERAL DEL PROJECTE ................................................................ 11 1.3.1. Objectius del projecte .................................................................................. 11 I. Objectius generals del projecte ............................................................................... 11 II. Objectius específics del projecte ............................................................................. 12 1.4. ABAST DEL PROJECTE .................................................................................... 13 1.4.1. Coneixements previs .................................................................................... 13 1.4.2. Requeriments tècnics ................................................................................... 13 I. Programari ............................................................................................................... 13 II. Maquinari ................................................................................................................ 14 1.5. ANÀLISI DE RISCOS ....................................................................................... 14 1.6. ENFOCAMENT I MÈTODE SEGUIT ..................................................................... 15 1.7. ORGANITZACIÓ DEL TREBALL .......................................................................... 16 1.7.1. Planificació ................................................................................................... 16 I. Fases i tasques a desenvolupar ............................................................................... 16 II. Diagrama de Gantt .................................................................................................. 17 1.7.2. Contingut del material ................................................................................. 19 2. INTRODUCCIÓ AL PROGRAMARI LLIURE I LINUX .............................. 20 2.1. ORIGEN I VISIÓ GENERAL DE GNU ................................................................... 20 2.2. FILOSOFIA I LLIBERTATS ................................................................................. 21 2.3. QUÈ ÉS GNU / LINUX? ................................................................................. 21 2.4. CARACTERÍSTIQUES DE GNU / LINUX? ............................................................ 22 2.5. DISTRIBUCIONS GNU / LINUX? ...................................................................... 24 2.6. ASPECTES I RAONS PER ESCOLLIR GNU /LINUX .................................................. 26 Raúl Cascallana Nistal Pàgina 4 de 182 TFC – Disseny gràfic amb programari lliure 2.6.1. Tècnics .......................................................................................................... 26 2.6.2. Filosòfics, socials i pràctics ........................................................................... 27 2.6.3. Econòmics .................................................................................................... 27 2.6.4. Ètics i legals .................................................................................................. 28 3. ANÀLISI DE PROGRAMARI DE DISSENY GRÀFIC ................................ 31 3.1. MANIPULACIÓ I EDICIÓ D’IMATGES.................................................................. 32 3.1.1. Adobe Photoshop CS5 .................................................................................. 32 I. Requisits del sistema ............................................................................................... 33 II. Característiques ....................................................................................................... 33 3.1.2. The GIMP ..................................................................................................... 36 I. Requisits del sistema ............................................................................................... 37 II. Característiques ....................................................................................................... 39 3.1.3. Photoshop vs The GIMP ............................................................................... 40 3.1.4. Conclusions .................................................................................................. 41 3.2. EDITOR D’IMATGES VECTORIALS ...................................................................... 42 3.2.1. Adobe Illustrator CS5 ................................................................................... 43 I. Requisits del sistema ............................................................................................... 43 II. Característiques ....................................................................................................... 44 3.2.2. Inkscape ....................................................................................................... 45 I. Requisits del sistema ............................................................................................... 46 II. Característiques ....................................................................................................... 47 3.2.3. Illustrator vs Inkscape .................................................................................. 49 3.2.4. Conclusions .................................................................................................
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