DOCSLIB.ORG

The Professional Boxing Referee Manual 2014

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Professional Boxing Referee Manual 2014 THE PROFESSIONAL BOXING REFEREE MANUAL 2014 “STRIVING TO BE THE VERY BEST” Contents INTRODUCTION.......................................................... 4 DISCLAIMMER, WAIVER OF RIGHTS AND INDEMNITY........................... 5 CREDITS............................................................... 6 DEDICATION............................................................ 7 ABOUT THE AUTHOR...................................................... 8 THE REFEREE........................................................... 9 The Referee’s worst enemies ......................................... 9 Personal conduct and ethics ......................................... 9 Medical considerations for the Referee ............................. 10 The Referee’s attire and dress ..................................... 10 Powers of the Referee .............................................. 11 Advice to the Referee .............................................. 12 What makes a good Referee? ......................................... 12 Referee training ................................................... 14 Working sparring matches in the gym .............................. 14 Studying one’s duties ............................................ 15 Attending training seminars ...................................... 15 THE RULES OF BOXING.................................................. 16 Association of Boxing Commissions’ Uniform Rules of Boxing ......... 17 TECHNICAL REFEREE GUIDELINES FOR THE UNIFORM RULES OF BOXING......... 18 SCORING AREA......................................................... 36 Fair blow in boxing ................................................ 37 Illustration of the legal and foul areas ........................... 37 PRE BOUT RESPONSIBILITIES............................................ 38 Dressing Room – Key issues to discuss .............................. 38 Verbal commands and hand signals ................................... 40 Basic hand signals ................................................. 41 BASIC SPANISH VERBAL COMMANDS........................................ 43 UPON ENTERING THE RING............................................... 45 The boxer’s dress and equipment .................................... 45 The female boxer’s equipment ....................................... 45 Center ring instructions ........................................... 46 ONCE THE BELL RINGS.................................................. 46 Movement and positioning ........................................... 47 Shortening the distance ............................................ 47 The Open or Dominant side .......................................... 48 One-minute rest period ............................................. 49 FOULS................................................................ 49 Concussive head impact fouls ....................................... 49 Outline of common fouls ............................................ 49 WHEN IS IT OK TO STOP A BOUT?........................................ 63 MOST SERIOUS CUTS.................................................... 64 Approved medicine for cuts ......................................... 65 RECOMMENDED REFEREE ACTIONS, BASIC MECHANICS AND SAFETY INFORMATION.. 65 REFEREE MECHANICS.................................................... 66 Legal knockdown .................................................... 66 Counting the downed boxer .......................................... 66 Stopping the count ................................................. 66 Serious knockdowns ................................................. 67 Double knockdowns .................................................. 67 EVALUATING THE DOWNED BOXER.......................................... 67 TECHNICAL KNOCKOUT................................................... 68 KNOCKOUT............................................................. 68 HANDLING A KNOCKED OUT BOXER......................................... 69 KNOCKDOWN MECHANICS.................................................. 69 SLIP MECHANICS....................................................... 70 TEMPORARY STOP MECHANICS............................................. 70 Consideration for calling a temporary stop to the action ........... 70 ACCIDENTAL HEADBUTT MECHANICS WHEN THERE MAY BE INJURY............... 71 LOW BLOW MECHANICS IN CASES WHEN THERE MAY BE INJURY................. 71 POINT DEDUCTION MECHANICS............................................ 72 Considerations for deducting points ................................ 72 DISLODGED MOUTHPIECE MECHANICS....................................... 73 Considerations when handling a dislodged mouthpiece ................ 73 Common mistakes in handling a dislodged mouthpiece ................. 74 WHEN A BOUT GOES THE DISTANCE........................................ 75 THE SAFETY TEAM...................................................... 75 WORKING WITH THE RINGSIDE PHYSICIAN.................................. 75 WORKING WITH THE INSPECTORS.......................................... 76 THE TIMEKEEPER AND KNOCKDOWN JUDGE................................... 77 CONCLUSIONS.......................................................... 78 INTRODUCTION I have prepared the “The Professional Boxing Referee Manual” using materials from all over the world of boxing. Many outstanding officials have contributed to it. The manual is a living document that I have continually updated since 1994. The manual was formulated to be applicable to the general rules and principals of professional boxing. Although not all inclusive, the periodic reading of this manual will assist Referees in maintaining their high level of expertise, while at the same time developing their skills. It will also give keen insight to other boxing officials and sport enthusiasts so that they may better understand the difficulty of achieving greatness in this key aspect to the success of the sport of boxing. As a smart man once said, “Refereeing professional boxing is the most difficult officiating position in sports”. Respectfully, Armando Garcia 4 DISCLAIMMER, WAIVER OF RIGHTS AND INDEMNITY The “The Professional Boxing Referee Manual” was prepared by Armando Garcia in an effort to establish a criterion for dealing with numerous referee situations and as an attempt to interpret professional boxing rules in a simple manner. The manual is not all-inclusive. Although he has a vast boxing resume, the views, opinions, and/or recommendations contained in the ”The Professional Boxing Referee Manual” reflect his own interpretation of referee rules and procedures. Furthermore, since it is possible that general information herein may pertain only to a law, regulation, rule or acceptable standard of practice for a particular jurisdiction, a referee, boxer or his/her representatives must always inquire with the appropriate licensing jurisdiction to determine the applicable laws, regulations, rules, and acceptable standards of practice for each jurisdiction. All readers are advised that the information herein is intended solely as a general reference source, and to the fullest extent permitted by law, the information is provided “AS IS” without any warranties of any kind, whether expressed or implied, including without limitation, warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement. No one may rely on the accuracy, integrity, quality, or completeness of the general information herein. Accordingly, neither the author nor anyone else affiliated with any website or press entity may be held liable for damages of any kind whatsoever allegedly caused or resulting from any such claimed reliance. The manual cannot be sold for personal gain. It has been produced ‘for the love of the game’. It is free of charge and can be disseminated to anyone completely or in part. However, it remains the property of the author. If anyone has any questions about this Disclaimer, Waiver of Rights, and Indemnity, or the “The Professional Boxing Referee Manual”, he, or she should contact Armando Garcia at: [email protected] 5 CREDITS So where did this material come from? Mainly, it is my personal interpretation of a referee’s duties in specific situations that I have picked up from watching great referees and from, of course, trial and error. In essence, this manual outlines my refereeing philosophy. I also obtained some materials and concepts from the many seminars that I have attended since 1987. Specifically, materials such as: USA Boxing Rule books and their “Introduction to Olympic Boxing” booklet AIBA Rule books and their “Commentary on the Rules of Olympic Boxing” booklet 1994 and 1995 World Boxing Association seminar handouts 1999 World Boxing Council seminar handout The handout titled “Cuts” that was given out at the 2002 ABC convention (unknown author) Ringside Training and Principals book I want to give particular credit to those officials and friends that I can distinctly remember gave their opinion to the manual in one way or another. There are so many to mention. 6 DEDICATION This manual is respectfully dedicated to those brave souls who have entered the ring and have fallen and left us forever. May they rest in peace. 7 ABOUT THE AUTHOR Armando Garcia was a professional boxing official and referee training facilitator for almost twenty years. He is a former International Amateur Boxing Association (AIBA) Continental Bureau Referee/Judge for the USA. Armando has refereed 31 world championship bouts and judged 14 others from 1994 to 2005. He has also refereed
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fight Night Round 3 (Xbox 360)
    Fight Night RouNd 3 (XboX 360) WARNING Complete CoNtRols Block, punch, and dance around the ring in your pursuit of the world title by using Before playing this game, read the Xbox 360 Instruction Manual and any EA SPORTS™ Fight Night Round 3’s innovative control system. peripheral manuals for important safety and health information. Keep all manuals for future reference. For replacement manuals, see www.xbox.com/ geNeRal gameplay support or call Xbox Customer Support (see inside of back cover). Pause game Lean/Body punch Parry/Block Important Health Warning About Playing Switch stance Signature punch Video Games Clinch Camera relative Illegal blow movement Photosensitive Seizures Signature punch A very small percentage of people may experience a seizure when exposed Taunt to certain visual images, including fl ashing lights or patterns that may appear in video games. Even people who have no history of seizures or epilepsy may have an undiagnosed condition that can cause these “photosensitive Total Punch Control epileptic seizures” while watching video games. (see below) These seizures may have a variety of symptoms, including lightheadedness, Note: To parry/block, pull and hold ^ + move C. altered vision, eye or face twitching, jerking or shaking of arms or legs, Note: To lean, pull and hold ] + move L. disorientation, confusion, or momentary loss of awareness. Seizures may also cause loss of consciousness or convulsions that can lead to injury from total punch CoNtRol falling down or striking nearby objects. With Total Punch Control, you direct every movement your boxer makes in the ring. Whether Immediately stop playing and consult a doctor if you experience any of attacking the body with a straight right or sneaking in a left hook before the bell, determine these symptoms.
    [Show full text]
  • Paul Vunaks 45 Combat Secrets
    Paul Vunaks 45 Combat Secrets Revised June 2020 Chapter 1: Stress Inoculation Chapter 2: Stress Inoculation Standing-Up Chapter 3: The Accordion Drill – “The bread and butter backbone of all of our drills.” Chapter 4: Takedown Defense Chapter 5: My Favorite Takedown Chapter 6: Bruce Lee’s Straight Blast Chapter 7: Bruce Lee’s Pendulum Chapter 8: The secret to intercepting ! Chapter 9: The Art of Defanging (the only weapons technique you will ever need) Chapter 10: Isometrics the Secret to the Guard Chapter 11: Bruce Lee's One Inch Punch Chapter 12: Super Coordination ! Chapter 13: The Secret to De-Fanging The Snake Chapter 14: The Mother of All Drills Chapter 15: The "U-Drill" our most empowering drill Chapter 16: How To Double Your speed ! Chapter 17: The Flagship of Kettlebells Chapter 18: What Makes Us Different? Chapter 19: The Power of the Fork Chapter 20: The double progressive indirect attack (the greatest fake in the world) Chapter 21: Locking the Art of Joint Reversals Chapter 22: Footwork Chapter 23: The nutcracker (the best drill in the world against the street ground and pound) Chapter 24: The Missile, Boxing's Greatest Move Chapter 25: Contemporary JKD"s Progression Chapter 26: Flawless Body Mechanics Chapter 27: The Secret to Keeping Students Chapter 28: Quieting the Mind: Physical Meditation with Ancient Indian Exercises Chapter 29: The Great Eight Chapter 30: The First Minute of the Fight Chapter 31: The rst minute of the ght part 2 Chapter 32: A successful school Chapter 33: The Three Most Common Asked Scenarios Chapter 34: Sizzle Sells Chapter 35: The Best Curriculum Chapter 36: Rickson's Jiu Jitsu Chapter 37: The Prolic Primordial Rear Naked Choke Chapter 38: The Neck Crank Chapter 39: "Handicap" Training for the Ground Chapter 40: How to perform a proper Mount (Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu that is !) Chapter 41: Footlocks Chapter 42: The Deadly Dungeonous Defense against the Prolic Primordial Rear Naked Choke ! Chapter 43: The Curriculum Chapter 44: The Emotional Dimension Part 1 Chapter 45: Differentiating Emotions Vunak's Top Combat Secrets Ch.
    [Show full text]
  • Adjustment Description Alterations to V-Shift's
    Adjustment Description Abilities granting invincibility or armor from the 1st frame, as well as low- risk or high-return moves invincible to throws have all been adjusted to have less effective throw invincibility. Alterations to V-Shift's Considering V-Shift's offensive and defensive capabilities, normal throws offensive/defensive should have enough impact to reliably handle V-Shifts, but characters with capabilities the invincible abilities mentioned above had an easy way to deal with throws and strikes. This gave their defense such a strong advantage that offensive opponents struggled against it. These adjustments seek to correct this issue. These general adjustments are a continuation of previous adjustments. Improvements to While V-Skills and V-Triggers have already been adjusted overall, players infrequently used V-Triggers tend to use one V-Skill and V-Trigger over the other, so we have further and V-Skills strengthened the techniques themselves and the moves that rely on their input. Some characters have been rebalanced in light of previous adjustments. We have buffed characters who were lacking in strength or who were Rebalancing of some largely left alone in previous adjustments. characters Characters with downward adjustments have not had their moves altered significantly; rather, the risks and returns of moves have been properly balanced. Balance Change Overview We've adjusted Nash's close-quarters attack, standing light kick, to yield more of an advantage on hit, and we have further improved Nash's impressive mid to long-distance combat. Standing light kick was previously adjusted to have faster start-up and to be easier to land, but we noticed that it didn't grant the same rewards as it did for other characters.
    [Show full text]
  • 1St May, 2017, 11:50 AM
    CQB KAJUKENBO CLUB Combatives, Personal Protection & Defensive Tactics FAQhttp://www.cqbkajukenbo.com Last Modified: 1st May, 2017, 11:50 AM “Only a warrior chooses pacifism; others are condemned to it.” — Unknown “We make war that we may live in peace.” — Aristotle “Civilize the mind but make savage the body.” — Chairman Mao Q: “WHAT IS KAJUKENBO?” Kajukenbo is a hybrid martial art that combines multiple martial arts including (but not limited to) western boxing, judo, jujutsu, kenpo karate, tang soo do, and kung fu. Kajukenbo is considered by many experts to be America’s first ‘Mixed Martial Art‘ — commonly known as ‘MMA‘. It was founded around 1947 in Oahu, Hawaii and the first classes were taught in the Palama Settlement Gym. The original purpose of the art was to deal with local crime, and to help the people defend themselves against U.S. Navy sailors from Pearl Harbor who would start fights with the locals. The creators are recognized as being Sijo (“founder”) Adriano Emperado, Peter Young Yil Choo, Joe Holck, Frank Ordonez, and George Chang, who were later called the ‘Black Belt Society’. The founders of Kajukenbo wanted to develop an art that would be readily useful on the street. As they trained and fought in and around Palama Settlement, the founders of Kajukenbo quickly gained reputations as formidable street-fighters. While similar to -and compatible with- Jeet Kune Do, Kajukenbo predates JKD by about 20 years. Kajukenbo uses hard, fast strikes to soft targets and vital points throughout the body, takedowns involving high impact throws and many joint and limb destruction techniques — usually as follow-ups to takedowns or grappling.
    [Show full text]
  • Gary Russell, Patrick Hyland, Jose Pedraza, Stephen Smith
    APRIL 16 TRAINING CAMP NOTES: GARY RUSSELL, PATRICK HYLAND, JOSE PEDRAZA, STEPHEN SMITH NEW YORK (April 7, 2016) – The boxers who will be fighting Saturday, April 16 on a SHOWTIME CHAMPIONSHIP BOXING® world title doubleheader are deep into their respective training camps as they continue preparation for their bouts at Foxwoods Resort Casino in Mashantucket, CT. In the main event, live on SHOWTIME® (11 p.m. ET/8 p.m. PT), the talented and speedy southpaw Gary Russell Jr. (26-1, 15 KOs) makes the first defense of his WBC Featherweight World Title against Irish contender Patrick Hyland (31-1, 15 KOs). In the SHOWTIME co-feature, unbeaten sniper Jose Pedraza (21-0, 12 KOs) risks his IBF 130-pound world title as he defends his title for the second time against a mandatory challenger, Stephen Smith (23-1, 13 KOs). Russell, who won the 126-pound title with a fourth-round knockout over defending champion Jhonny Gonzalez on March 28, 2015, trains in Washington, D.C. Hyland, whose only loss suffered was to WBA Super Featherweight World Champion Javier Fortuna, has been training at a gym in Dublin, Ireland, owned and operated by his trainer, Paschal Collins, whose older brother Steve was a former two-time WBO world champion. Paschal Collins also boxed as a pro but is best known for being Irish heavyweight Kevin McBride’s head trainer during his shocking knockout of Mike Tyson. The switch-hitting Pedraza, a 2012 Puerto Rican Olympian, has been working out in his native Puerto Rico. Smith, of Liverpool, England, has been training in the UK.
    [Show full text]
  • Author's Notes
    AUTHOR’S NOTES Jared Michael Coseglia Writer & Director Cutman: a boxing musical When we endeavored to write Cutman, I didn’t know a thing about boxing. It was the summer of ’06. Reality TV was in its prime. My best friend and co-writer, Cory Grant, called me and said, “You gotta start watching The Contender. It’s heart-breaking.” So I did, and it was. It was my first real empathetic moment for boxers. Watching these men sacrifice their lives and their bodies brutally battling for success, hoping to provide for their families when they become superstars. Ah…The American Dream. Work hard. Be great at what you do. Have success. Support your family. Live your dream. I can relate. I knew I wanted to write a play about a boxer. And if we were going to write a musical about boxing, we knew that one of us would have to learn how to box. So I started boxing. That’s when I met my Haitian Harlem trainer, JR “All-Day-Every-Day” Fiote at the PrintingHouse Gym (RIP). He is my cornerman and now one of my best friends. He saw me hitting an uppercut bag and stopped me: "You gotta hit with your knuckles...otherwise, you just slappin’ that bag." The first of many lessons. Now JR and I spar regularly at Trinity Boxing in Manhattan with the likes of the Guzman brothers, Hector and Jennifer Santiago, and the amazing Ronson Frank (16-0 (8)). I’ve been through 14 pairs of gloves. I started to learn how to box five years ago so I could write this play, and now boxing is an integral and inseparable part of who I am and who I will be for the rest of life.
    [Show full text]
  • The Workout This Is Really More of a Mini-Workout… but As Always, I Encourage You to Add More and Freestyle Once Your Warm and Your Official Work Is Done
    FBP - Week 8 Day 3 Let's work on some advanced ways to slam your opponent on the ground. The first video is a quick one, but it highlights an incredibly effective Judo technique that you can add to the efficacy of your Body Lock. Ko Soto Gake Translated directly, it means "Small Outside Hook"... which is not a cool name in any language. Now let's not forget that we are inherently Mixed Martial Artists, and combining styles makes everything more effective. It's not often that we get to add Muay Thai's level of damage-dealing with Wrestling's level of position-improving... but that's what were' about to do! Kicking Into Shots …and flowing off. This is a great way to set up your takedowns, as well as some savage hooks to your opponents face. The Workout This is really more of a mini-workout… but as always, I encourage you to add more and freestyle once your warm and your official work is done. Warm-up with 25 Roundhouses with each leg You should be spinning in a full circle on these. Please see the basic Roundhouse video for details. Continue to Warm-Up with 25 “Snap” Roundhouses with each leg These kicks have far less power, but if you have no training partner, and no bag, you’re going to need these for the workout. Continue continuing to Warm Up… By doing the following: 1. 20 Lunges on each leg 2. Shadow-boxing for One Minute 3. 20 Shots on each leg Now you’re warm… let’s get to work.
    [Show full text]
  • Apb Coaches Manual
    APB COACHES MANUAL Supplement to AIBA COACHES MANUAL published in August 2011 FOREWORD AIBA Professional Boxing Coaches Manual is designed as an addition to AIBA Coaches Manual helping the coach understand the fundamentals of AIBA Professional Boxing. The AIBA Professional Boxing Coaches Manual assists coaches’ development and enhances the qualities in coaching providing the coach with the knowledge and personal skills to manage a successful career in AIBA Professional Boxing. AIBA Coaches Commission 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................ 2 Part 1. About coaching in APB ........................................................................................... 5 1.1. Definition of Boxer in APB ....................................................................................... 5 1.2. Difference between AOB and APB , coaching aspects ........................................... 6 1.3. What is fundamental in APB ................................................................................... 7 Part 2. Coach in APB ......................................................................................................... 8 2.1. The role of the coach in APB ...................................................................................... 8 2.2. Responsibility before, during and after the competition ............................................... 8 2.2.1. Role of the coach in APB ....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Episode 502 — Mr. Burton Richardson| Whistlekickmartialartsradio.Com
    Episode 502 — Mr. Burton Richardson| whistlekickMartialArtsRadio.com Jeremy Lesniak: Welcome, this is whistlekick martial arts radio episode 502 with today’s guest, Mr. Burton Richardson. Who am I? I'm Jeremy Lesniak, whistlekick founder and host for the show and everything we do here at whistlekick is in support of the traditional martial arts. If you want to know more about what we do, go to whistlekick.com. That’s the place to learn about all of our projects and products. It's also the easiest way to find our store and the code PODCAST15 is going to get you 15% off anything you find in there from apparel to gear to programs. There's a whole bunch of stuff there and it's growing every day. Everything for this show, martial arts radio, gets its own website. It's a whole different place on the web, whistlekickmartialartsradio.com. We bring you new shows twice a week and the goal of the show and of whistlekick overall is to connect, educate and entertain traditional martial artists throughout the world. If you want to support our work, there are a number of ways you can help. You can make a purchase, share an episode with a friend, follow us on social media, we’re @whistlekick everywhere, you could tell a friend about us, pick up one of our books on Amazon, leave us a review or support our Patreon. If you think our new shows that we’re releasing are worth 63 cents apiece, not to mention all of the back episodes you get access to, consider supporting us at $5 a month.
    [Show full text]
  • Mixed Martial Arts Rules for Amateur Competition Table of Contents 1
    MIXED MARTIAL ARTS RULES FOR AMATEUR COMPETITION TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE Page 2 2. VISION Page 2 3. WHAT IS THE IMMAF Page 2 4. What is the UMMAF Page 3 5. AUTHORITY Page 3 6. DEFINITIONS Page 3 7. AMATEUR STATUS Page 5 8. PROMOTERS & REQUIREMENTS Page 5 9. PROMOTERS INSURANCE Page 7 10. PHYSICIANS AND EMT’S Page 7 11. WEIGN-INS & WEIGHT DIVISIONS Page 8 12. COMPETITORS APPEARANCE& REQUIREMENTS Page 9 13. COMPETITOR’s MEDICAL TESTING Page 10 14. MATCHMAKING APPROVAL Page 11 15. BOUTS, CONTESTS & ROUNDS Page 11 16. SUSPENSIONS AND REST PERIODS Page 12 17. ADMINISTRATION & USE OF DRUGS Page 13 18. JURISDICTION,ROUNDS, STOPPING THE CONTEST Page 13 19. COMPETITOR’s REGISTRATION & EQUIPMENT Page 14 20. COMPETITON AREA Page 16 21. FOULS Page 17 22. FORBIDDEN TECHNIQUES Page 18 23. OFFICIALS Page 18 24. REFEREES Page 19 25. FOUL PROCEDURES Page 21 26. WARNINGS Page 21 27. STOPPING THE CONTEST Page 22 28. JUDGING TYPES OF CONTEST RESULTS Page 22 29. SCORING TECHNIQUES Page 23 30. CHANGE OF DECISION Page 24 31. ANNOUNCING THE RESULTS Page 24 32. PROTESTS Page 25 33. ADDENDUMS Page 26 PROTOCOL FOR COMPETITOR CORNERS ROLE OF THE INSPECTORS MEDICAL HISTORY ANNUAL PHYSICAL OPTHTHALMOLOGIC EXAM PROTOCOL FOR RINGSIDE EMERGENCY PERSONNEL PRE & POST –BOUT MEDICAL EXAM 1 SCOPE: Amateur Mixed Martial Arts [MMA] competition shall provide participants new to the sport of MMA the needed experience required in order to progress through to a possible career within the sport. The sole purpose of Amateur MMA is to provide the safest possible environment for amateur competitors to train and gain the required experience and knowledge under directed pathways allowing them to compete under the confines of the rules set out within this document.
    [Show full text]
  • Come out Swinging
    COME OUT SWINGING COME OUT SWINGING: THE CHANGING WORLD OF BOXING IN GLEASon’S GYM Lucia Trimbur PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS Princeton and Oxford Copyright © 2013 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TW press.princeton.edu Cover photo by Issei Nakaya All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Trimbur, Lucia, 1975– Come out swinging : the changing world of boxing in Gleason’s gym / Lucia Trimbur. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-691-15029-1 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Boxing—New York (State) —New York— History. 2. Gymnasiums—New York (State)—New York—History. 3. Athletic clubs—New York (State) —New York—History. 4. Boxers (Sports) —New York (State) —New York— History. 5. Brooklyn (New York, N.Y.) —History. 6. Brooklyn (New York, N.Y.) —Social life and customs. I. Title. GV1125.T75 2013 796.8309747—dc23 2012049335 British Library Cataloging- in- Publication Data is available This book has been composed in Sabon LT Std Printed on acid- free paper. ∞ Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 “Boxing is a Combat, depending more on Strength than the Sword: But Art will yet bear down the Beam against it. A less Degree of Art will tell more than a considerably greater Strength. Strength is cer- tainly what the Boxer ought to fet [sic] out with, but without Art he will succeed but poorly.
    [Show full text]
  • Rule Book & Guide to Wrestling
    Rule Book & Guide to Wrestling FREESTYLE, GRECO­ROMAN, FEMALE, FOLKSTYLE and BEACH WRESTLING 2015 Edition—FOR ALL UWW JUNIOR AND YOUNGER DIVISIONS *The official UWW rules book supersedes this publication at all times. If printing this document, please use a color printer as scoring actions are style specific and denoted by separate colors. LAST UPDATED: APRIL 15, 2015 Foreword Wrestling, like all other sports, obeys rules that constitute the “Rule of the Game” and define its practice, the aim of which is to “pin” the opponent or to win on points. Greco­Roman (G/R) and Freestyle (F/S) wrestling basically differ as follows: In Greco­Roman Wrestling, it is strictly forbidden to grasp the opponent below the beltline or to trip him or to use the legs a​ctively on his opponent to perform any action. In Freestyle and Female Wrestling, however, it is permissible to grasp the legs of the opponent, to trip him or her and to use the legs actively to perform any action. Beach Wrestling and Folkstyle Wrestling are subject to specific regulations. Frequently modified and always subject to further modification, the rules set forth herein must be known and accepted by all wrestlers, coaches, referees and leaders. They call upon those who practice the sport to fight totally and universally, with complete honesty and fair play for the pleasure of the spectators. Modern Wrestling Following the decision in 2013 by the International Olympic Committee to remove wrestling as a core sport following the 2016 Olympics, FILA (now operating under a new name, United World Wrestling (UWW)), adopted a new subset of rules for both Freestyle and Greco­Roman wrestling to help improve the image and overall entertainment value of this sport as to help promote wrestling for inclusion in future Olympic Games.
    [Show full text]