Landscape Scale Community Centered Ecosystem Conservation in Western Tanzania

QUARTERLY REPORT

January – March 2016

QUARTERLY REPORT NAME OF IMPLEMENTING the Jane Goodall Institute PARTNER

ACTIVITY NAME Landscape Scale Community Centered Ecosystem Conservation in Western Tanzania

REPORTING PERIOD January - March, 2016

CONTACT DETAILS Emmanuel Mtiti, Program Director, the Jane Goodall Institute-Tanzania (email and telephone Tel: (255) 28 2804446/7 numbers) Mob: (255) 713 492172 & 0754 329920 Email: [email protected]

Alice Macharia, Africa Programs, the Jane Goodall Institute-USA Tel: (971) 528-642-432/703-682-9220 Email: [email protected]

DATE OF SUBMISSION April 30, 2016

Cover Photo: Image from a Story Map using ArcGIS online showing woodland forest recovery in Kigalye village between 2005 and 2014.

This document was produced by the Jane Goodall Institute for review by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID/Tanzania). It was prepared by Emmanuel Mtiti, Program Director, Contract Number 621-A-00-10-00009-00

ABBREVIATIONS CAP Conservation Action Plan CBD Coffee Berry Disease CBFM Community Based Forest Management CBO Community Based Organization CDCS Country Development Cooperation Strategy CIP International Potato Centre DC District Commissioner DED District Executive Director DI Development Impact DLNRO District Land and Natural Resource Officer DLUF District Land Use Framework DQA Data Quality Assessment EE Environmental Education FM Forest Monitor FZS Frankfurt Zoological Society GIS Geographical Information System GMU Gombe Masito Ugalla iAGRI Innovative Agricultural Research Initiative IGA Income generating activities JFM Joint Forest Management JGI the Jane Goodall Institute JUEMMA Jumuiya ya Uhifadhi wa Eneo la Mto Malagarasi JUMMATU Jumuiya ya Uhifadhi wa Misitu ya Masito, Tongwe na Ugalla JUMUNTANGO Jumuiya ya Uhifadhi wa Misitu ya Ntanda na Ngogomi JUWAMMA Jumuiya ya Watunza Misitu ya Masito KG Kigoma LAFR Local Authority Forest Reserve LUP Land Use Plan MEL Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MP Mpanda NLUPC National Land Use Planning Commission NS Nsimbo PFM Participatory Forest Management

PLUM Participatory Land Use Management PMP Performance Monitoring Plan R&S Roots and Shoots SACCOS Savings and Credit Cooperative Society TaCRI Tanzania Coffee Research Institute TNC The Nature Conservancy TFS Tanzania Forest Service ToTs Training of Trainers TUMAKATA Tunza Mazingira Kaskazini mwa Tanganyika UV Uvinza USAID United States Agency for International Development VEO Village Executive Officer VFR Village Forest Reserve VINA Village Nursery Attendant VLUM Village Land Use Management VNRM Village Natural Resource Management (committee) WC Ward Councilor WCS Wildlife Conservation Society WDC Ward Development Committee WEO Ward Executive Officer

1.0 PROGRAM OVERVIEW/SUMMARY TABLE

Name of the Implementing Agency: Reporting Period: the Jane Goodall Institute January-March, 2016

Report Prepared by: Home Office Address: Emmanuel Mtiti, Program Director Old Bagamoyo Road, Lucy Lamecky Str. Plot # 375, Mikocheni B Elikana Manumbu, M&E Officer P.O. Box 70728, Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania

Project Title: Target Areas (Geographic) Landscape Scale Community-Centered Kigoma Rural, Uvinza, Nsimbo and Mpanda Ecosystem Conservation in Western Districts Councils covering 52 villages Tanzania

Cooperative Agreement #: Sub-contract/sub-grantees: AID-621-A-00-10-00009-00 NA

Period of Project: (Start and End Related Program Area & Elements of Dates): Operations Plan:

January 1, 2010 to March 31, 2018 EG/NRM

Planned Life of the Project: Amount Obligated Pipeline: 8 years to Date: $ 7,999,202 $ 235,267.02

Principal Target Beneficiaries: Major Counterpart Organizations: Communities in 52 villages within Kigoma, Kigoma, Uvinza, Mpanda and Nsimbo Uvinza Mpanda and Nsimbo district Districts Councils councils

1. Executive summary This report provides highlights on the implementation of the Landscape Scale Community Centered Ecosystem Conservation Program in Western Tanzania for the second quarter of seventh year of program operation. The program focuses on community engagement and participation in natural resource management in 52 target villages and general land and utilizes land use planning, community based forest management, community economic empowerment, sustainable farming and good governance to achieve sustainable natural resources management in the landscape.

One of the highlights of this quarter was the official introduction and launch of the Western Tanzania Forest Monitoring Dashboard that is based on Forest Watcher platform and incorporates ground data regularly collected by the Forest Monitors (FM). These activities were part of the programs emphasis on developing tools that could be used to enhance the understanding of forest cover changes as a result of human activities, monitoring climate change impacts and ultimately support decision making and the management of forests and wildlife.

A one day review of the Greater Gombe-Mahale Ecosystem Conservation Action Plan (CAP) developed in 2015 was reviewed by JGI, partners from the four districts and NGO's. The CAP review was enhanced by biological data generated from recent chimpanzee surveys conducted by different stakeholders working in the area including Ugalla Primate Research Project, Tanzania Forest Research Institute, The Nature Conservancy and Frankfurt Zoological Society. This document identifies priority strategies for improved chimpanzee conservation in western Tanzania, as well as other conservation targets - elephants, forests, woodlands, mountain ecosystems and Lake Tanganyika. Both the Dashboard and the Conservation Action Plan for Greater Gombe and Mahale Ecosystems were launched by Kigoma and Katavi Regional Commissioners. Dr Jane Goodall attended both inauguration ceremonies.

JGI has continued to deepen its collaboration with Esri and Digital Globe to develop practical approaches that can be used to quantify forest regeneration in the village forest reserves. Forest loss is relatively easy to detect and map, but reforestation has been difficult to map. To map the health of the vegetation, JGI with partners are testing new tools including Esri's new Drone2Map tool to streamline the creation of high resolution imagery products from drone-captured still imagery to monitor reforestation and illegal human activities in village forest reserve. We are also exploring the potential use of Esri’s GeoPlanner web app evaluation dashboard tools to visualize and compare the forest change statistics for decision-makers. Esri’s GeoPlanner app could be used to compare two maps side by side and visualize forest change statistics using easy to read dashboards. For example, in 1972 the current area of Kigalye Forest Reserve had 370 ha of forests and woodlands (70% of the reserve total area). This figure shows that by 2005 that area was reduced to 156 hectares or 42% of the 1972 forest cover baseline. As a result of the village land use planning and community forest monitoring and conservation efforts, that woodland cover started to recover and reached 302 hectares by 2014 or 82% of the baseline. More details and images can be found in section 5.4.

The program facilitated the development of village land use plans (LUP) in two villages, Pamila and Matendo, leading to the designation of 2,156ha as village land forest reserves and contributes to the indicator area under improved natural resource management. The two new LUPs brings the total number of VLUPs developed by the program to 54. The

LUP process was facilitated by Kigoma District Council Participatory Land Use Management (PLUM) team.

Fifteen villages have shown improvements in the management of their village forest reserves as a result of program support to them in enforcing bylaws, guidelines, and agreements that guide their management. Each VFR is patrolled to discover and prevent encroachment and to ensure effective implementation of the land use plans. Forest monitors (FMs), Firefighting teams, CBOs and Village land use management (VLUM) teams conduct monthly joint patrols for at least 8 days in a month. Experience has proven that regular patrols reduce or even eliminate deforestation and illegal activities in the area. The Uvinza District team conducted forest patrols that covered 156,493.6ha within Masito and Ugalla Local Authority Forest Reserves. Both district and community patrols identified a number of violations of the natural resources laws and bylaws that include cattle grazing, lumbering, farming and establishment of new settlements. Immediate actions were taken to relocate new settlements into formal village settlements while some violators were fined and others taken to court for further legal action.

Construction of two CBO offices at Mwamila and Kalalangabo villages for JUMUNTAGO and TUMAKATA CBOs was completed. The offices are intended to enhance good natural resources governance by the CBO's and villages governments by supporting management and coordination of village level conservation initiatives by making it easier for them to keep records, conduct meetings and training. District councils are providing technical supervision and transportation of construction materials contributed by the communities (sand, burnt bricks and stones). Communities do also contribute unskilled labor.

The program continues to support economic productivity and diversification through 27 micro-credit groups operated by 2,479 members. Supervision was provided to three micro credit groups through focusing attention on the importance of mobilizing loan repayment and encouraging new members. As a result of this support, total of Tshs 5,261,100/= ($ 2,513.7) was collected from savings and loan repayment. 162 (90 male, 72 female) people have benefitted from economic activities out of which 44.4% are female beneficiaries. The farmers benefited from micro credit and improved mango planting activities in Uvinza, Mpanda and Nsimbo district councils.

The EE team reached 72 schools (60 primary schools, 12 secondary schools) in Kigoma and Uvinza districts during this quarter. It was noted that all 72 schools have active Roots & Shoots clubs and are implementing activities addressing issues of natural resource management such as tree nursery establishment, management and transplanting, promotion of fuel efficient stoves, sustainable farming practices, soil conservation, gardening, and cleanliness/sanitation around the school. The program reached 1,616 students (752 males, 864 females) through these activities.

Developing of District Land Use Framework plans (DLUF) for Mpanda and Uvinza is progressing well. Most activities including maps analysis and production have been completed. However, data interpretation and assessment of land suitability, carrying capacity and preparation of existing land use map with the help of 2013 satellite imagery is still in progress. The National Land Use Planning Commission (NLUPC) staff leading this process have been involved in National Land Use Planning reform organized by the Ministry of Land and Natural Housing, thus resulting in a delay in accomplishing the DLUF plans. The process resumed at the end of this reporting quarter and its completion is scheduled for next quarter.

In an effort to manage wildfire, which is a major threat to forests in the landscape, village assemblies in 27 villages approved their respective fire management plans. The approved plans set the basis and timing for conducting wildfire management campaigns which include making of fire breaks and controlled early burning. The process was organized and facilitated by 234 (169 males, 65 females) village fire crews and members of their respective village government.

Training on natural resource governance, land use planning, community based forest management and climate change reaching 272 participants (211 males, 61 females) that included ward councilors, forest monitors VLUM and district technical teams. The training of 83 (58 males, 25 females) ward councilors was very important because they had been sworn into office in December 2015, and over 75% of them had no prior exposure to training on good governance or their roles and responsibilities, including fighting corruption and as custodians of natural resources. By the end of the training, they understood their roles and responsibilities and techniques they can apply that will enable them to become effective decision makers on their budgets, promote transparency and accountability, and become champions for enhanced natural resource governance. These individuals are motivated to integrate what they have learned in improving governance within their communities, including that of natural resources.

Throughout program implementation the program made a concerted effort to increase the participation of women and girls, achieving an average of 44.4% women participation rate.

The inadequate number of district staff and staff turn-over, progressive livestock influx and the ongoing subdivision of villages continue to slow program implementation. The subdivision of villages in the program area as was previously reported (Q1, 2015) hinders the full implementation of some land use plans, which will have to be reviewed. For example, 6 villages have now been subdivided into 28 villages nullifying 6 existing land use plans as the subdivision distorts the way the land uses are managed between the new villages.. Discussions with the respective districts are underway to identify support and roles for the review, as well as educating leaders on its impact on management of community resources (economic, social and natural).

Conflicting interests at decision making level especially district councils resulted in slow implementation of program activities such as the establishment of Local Authority Forestry Reserves (LAFR) stalled due to boundary changes recommended by councilors from Mpanda district council. However, district and regional authorities are continuing to work with councilors and village leaders to resolve this issue.

2: Performance against Targets (Performance Data Table)1

Performance Data Table STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE: Biodiversity Conserved in Targeted Landscapes through Livelihood driven Approaches/Environment FY 2016 Actual

FY 2016 Percent LOP Performance Indicator Achieveme Achievemen Target Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Achieved FY Targets nts FY16 ts to Date 2016 4.8.1-1 Number of hectares of biological significance and or natural IR1.1 537,900 240,340.2 156,493.6 396,833.8 73.8% 707,606.6 886,050.65 resources showing improved biophysical conditions as a result of USG assistance 4.8.1-26 Number of hectares in areas of biological significance under 61,060 0 2,156 2,156 3.5% 754,336.2 886,050.65 improved management as a result of USG assistance 4.8.1-29 Number of person hours of T: 44,640 T: 4,896 T: 15,240 T: 20,136 training in Natural resource M: 23730 M: 3,136 M: 10,486 M: 13,622 45.1% 146,628 management and/or biodiversity 230,004 F: 20,910 F: 1,760 F: 4,754 F: 6,514 conservation supported by USG assistance 4.8.1-6 Number of people with increased economic benefits derived from T98,080 T: 16,800 T: 162 T: 16,962 IR 7 sustainable natural resources M: 66,058 M: 8,340 M: 90 M: 8,430 17.3% 171,236 129,914 management and conservation as a F: 32,022 F: 8,460 F: 72 F: 8,532 result of USG assistance (disaggregated by sex)

11 FY 2016 targets included in this report are taken from the Projects PMP (JGI PMP Revision 2015 Rev4). However, numbers are currently being reviewed to incorporate major changes.

FY 2016 Actual

FY 2016 Percent LOP Performance Indicator Achievem Achievemen Target Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Achieved FY Targets ents FY16 ts to Date 2016 4.8.2-26 Number of stakeholders with IR 3 increased capacity to adapt to 2,710 218 323 541 20.0% 5,304 11,389 impacts of climate variability and change as a result of USG assistance GNDR-2 Percentage of females participants in USG-assisted programs designed to 31% 50.4% 44.4% increase access to productive 47.4% 153% 36.8% 35% economic resources (Assets, Income or Employment) Number of people receiving USG supported training in Natural T: 2,106 T: 612 T: 499 T: 1,111 Resources management and or M: 1,365 M: 392 M: 365 M: 757 52.8% 8,223 12,760 Biodiversity conservation F: 741 F: 220 F: 134 F: 354 (disaggregated by sex) Number of households implementing

IR 3 energy efficient measures as a result 2,500 459 443 902 36.1% 11,999 9000 of USG assistance Number of climate vulnerability IR 4 assessments conducted as a result of 0 NA NA NA NA 2 5

USG assistance 4.8.2-14 Number of institutions with improved capacity to address climate IR 4 20 14 2 16 80% 50 71 change issues as a result of USG assistance

FY 2016 Actual

FY 2016 Percent LOP Performance Indicator Achievem Achievemen Target Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Achieved FY Targets ents FY16 ts to Date 2016 4.8.2-28 Number of laws, policies, strategies, plans, agreements or regulations addressing climate change (mitigation IR 5 31 10 19 29 93.5% 187 168 or adaptation) and or biodiversity conservation officially proposed, adopted or implemented as a result of USG assistance Number of chimpanzees in GMU landscape GONAPA: 100 – 104 700 NA NA NA NA MUE: 600 – 900 NA 700 Zashe: 20 – 24 Kwitanga: 15 - 32. Number of districts with district land 0 0 0 0 0% 50 52 use framework plans (DLUF)

Number of new village land use plans 2 0 2 2 100% 52 52 IR 1 (VLUP) developed

Number of villages implementing 52 20 0 0 38.5% 50 52 Land Use plans (VLUPs)

FY 2016 Actual

FY 2016 Percent LOP Performance Indicator Achieveme Achievements Target Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Achieved Targets nts FY16 to Date FY 2016

Number of villages with comprehensive 4 4 0 4 100% 4 4 LUP

Number of identified LU villages incorporated into analysis of climate 8 6 0 6 75% 6 6 change impacts

Number of operating Participatory Forest Management Plans Developed 10 0 1 1 10% 6 38

(PFMP’s) IR 2 Number of CBO’s managing 6 6 6 6 100% 6 6 interconnected forests

Number of targeted households with IR 3 250 231 0 231 92.4% 463 800 Pure woodlots

Number of villages actively IR 4 15 10 17 27 180% 46 46 implementing fire management plans

FY 2016 Actual

FY 2016 Percent LOP Performance Indicator Achievem Achievemen Target Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Achieved Targets ents FY16 ts to Date FY 2016

% Reduction of forest fire in targeted 40% NA NA NA NA 0 40% villages

Number of Conservation Action Plan 0 NA NA NA NA 4 4 review done

Number of forest patrols conducted 2 1 1 2 100% 5 8 by district patrol teams

Number of villages conducting 52 20 15 35 67.3% 50 52 regular forest patrols

Number of active Forest IR 5 59 59 59 59 100% 59 70 Monitors/Scouts

T: 647 T: 1,616 T: 2,263 Number of students involved in NRM T 1500 M 750 M: 359 M: 752 M: 1,111 150.9% 9,108 8,566 activities (R&S) F 750 F: 299 F: 864 F: 1,163 Number of people reached with T:8,000 T: 3311 T: 3311 T: 6,110 environmental education and M: 5,000 M: 2325 0 M: 2325 41.4% M: 3,997 104,000 awareness messaging F: 3,000 F: 986 F: 986 F: 2,113

FY 2016 Actual

FY 2016 Percent LOP Performance Indicator Achievem Achievement Target Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Achieved FY Targets ents FY16 s to Date 2016 KG: 55 KG: 12 KG: 12 Number of households adopting UV: 0 UV: 0 UV: 0 IR 6 0 16% 140 200 sustainable farming practices MP 7 MP 0 MP 0 NS: 13 NS: 0 NS: 0 Number of villages with operating active community-based microfinance IR 7 6 6 0 6 100% 30 30 associations supported by GMU program

Note: 1. Achievement by 2016 shows level of achievement of a specific year as quarterly cumulative actuals. 2. Percent achieved FY 2016 shows the level of achievement in Q1and Q2 expressed as a percentage against the annual target. 3. Achievements to-date column shows level of achievement from the start of the project. 4. The performance of indicator 4.8.1-26 Number of hectares in areas of biological significance under improved management as a result of USG assistance, stands at 3.5%, because the DLUF has not been completed due to continuing work on preparation of land use maps using 2013 satellite imagery and the fact that the attention of the National Land Use Planning staff who lead this process was diverted to the National Land Use Planning reform process organized by the Ministry of Lands and Housing. More details on the DLUF process are provided in section 1.2 (b). 5. The performance of indicator 4.8.1-6 Number of people with increased economic benefits derived from sustainable natural resources management and conservation as a result of USG assistance (disaggregated by sex), stands at 17.3% as most income generating activities are seasonal and getting new members during the off season is difficult. However, this quarter was focused on supporting micro-credit groups. These numbers will pick up by Q4 when we also count coffee farmers. 6. The performance of indicator 4.8.1-29 Number of person hours of training in Natural resource management and/or biodiversity conservation supported by USG assistance, stands at 45.1% because CBFM at Vikonge village (Mpanda district) was not implemented in time as a large number of multi-sector team had to implement other priority activities. The activity have been rescheduled for the next quarter. 7. The performance of indicator 4.8.2-26 Number of stakeholders with increased capacity to adapt to impacts of climate variability and change as a result of USG assistance, stands at 20.0%. Youth outreach that was supposed to contribute to this indicator decided to first conduct the assessment of R&S clubs in schools before carrying out routine activities. 8. The performance indicator Number of households implementing energy efficient measures as a result of USG assistance, is at 36.1% due to the rainy season that interferes with the brick making process, bricks are an essential component of rocket stove construction. Activities will resume next quarter once the rainy season is over. 9. The performance of Indicator GNDR-2 Percentage of female participants in USG-assisted programs designed to increase access to productive economic resources (Assets, Income or Employment) stands at 153% as a result of more women who joined project activities especially the micro credit groups.

3. Introduction:

3.1 Program Description The Gombe Masito Ugalla landscape covers 1,510,500 ha of which 758,800 ha (50%) of its total area is covered by forest and miombo woodlands. The landscape encompasses a number of existing protected areas, including Gombe National Park, Tongwe East Forest Reserve, and a number of village, district, and national forest reserves which combined comprise of over 220,000 ha of nominally protected forest and miombo woodland. Immediately to the south of the Masito-Ugalla Ecosystem (MUE) lies a portion of the Greater Mahale Ecosystem, bordered by Mahale Mountains National Park and Katavi National Park, an area of over 10,000,000 ha that harbors important chimpanzee and elephants populations and other endangered wildlife. The region is threatened by forest loss and unchecked settlement development. The rate of forest and woodland loss in the Masito-Ugalla area, and the adjacent landscape to the south, is increasing because of rapid population growth in the area and steadily improving infrastructure, such as roads that allow access to more remote areas of the landscape. As these forests and woodlands become fragmented and disappear, the long- term survival of globally important endangered species like chimpanzees and elephants in the region is severely threatened. Rapid population growth coupled by livestock influxes still is the primary contributing factor for degradation of the biodiversity and remaining forest habitat in the GMU landscape and adjacent regions. The growing population relies on destructive and unsustainable land use practices. Local communities living in the proximity of the forests do not have adequate understanding of the environmentally friendly and productive agricultural practices, nor do they have access to more sustainable alternative livelihood opportunities. Only a few of the communities are even marginally engaged in stewardship of the natural resources they need to survive. Previous studies have indicated that rural communities are often fully aware of the destructive impact posed by their malpractices. However, the pressures of overwhelming poverty and the increasing population pressures make short-term strategies to meet immediate needs more attractive and push communities disengaged from longer-term management and conservation strategies. The environmental impact of this short–term thinking is exacerbated by the burgeoning HIV/AIDS epidemic and longstanding patterns of gender inequity leading to an even more pronounced impact on natural resources, forests, and biodiversity. Increasing temperatures and decreasing precipitation are an additional threat to vegetation. Climate change effects soil productivity, decreasing yields on already marginal agricultural land may be rendered unproductive. The water stratification in Lake Tanganyika due rising lake temperatures will result into less fish production and may lead to fishery decline. If so, fishermen will resort to farming, further increasing pressure on forest resources. It is imperative that adaptation and resilience interventions be designed and implemented.

3.2 Goals and Objectives:

Goal To conserve biodiversity and protect and restore wildlife habitat in critical ecosystems in western Tanzania.

Objectives 1. Expanded area under improved natural resource management 2. Increased incomes and benefits from sustainable use of natural resources 3. Laws and policies supporting conservation and forest connectivity enforced

3.3 Geographical Zone

The GMU program is implemented in four districts of Kigoma and Uvinza in Kigoma region, Mpanda and Nsimbo in Katavi region (see map below). The regions are situated in western Tanzania, which harbors the critical ecosystem habitants for chimpanzees, elephants, baboons and other wildlife.

4.0 Activity Implementation Progress

4.1 Implementation Status

Objective 1: Expanded area under improved natural resource manager. IR 1: Village land use plans (VLUPs) in targeted villages developed and Implemented

1.1 Operationalize existing and new VLUP Not implemented this quarter. This activity was postponed to quarter three as a result of district staff, who led the assessment of implementation of VLUP were fully engaged in establishing new VLUPs. The program had expected to work with Uvinza District Council for the seven villages from Ilagala, Kirando, Songambele, Sunuka, Lyabusende, Karago and Sigunga but due to shortage of staff the district was unable to give experienced staff to conduct the exercise.

However, the review of land use plans for subdivided villages still lags behind as the process needs additional funding. The most affected villages are Kalinzi, Mkigo, Nyamhoza, Mkabogo, Chankabwimba and Nyarubanda, which have gone from being 6 villages to 28 villages following the subdivision exercises. Districts in collaboration with National Land Use Commission are identifying additional support that they can provide for the review of the sub-divided villages, but also develop strategies for educating local leaders on the negative impacts that such sub-divisions poses from a management perspective. The NLUPC is currently reviewing the Land Policy so as to accommodate the need for maintaining existing VLUP within their specified timeframe, which is mostly 20 years. For consistency, the program continues to report on the originally targeted 52 villages.

1.2 Facilitate development of VLUP and DLUFP a. Development of new Village Land Use Plans The program supported development of land use plans for Matendo and Pamila villages in Kigoma district. The process was coordinated and facilitated by the VLUM team from Kigoma District Council and followed sensitization meetings and boundary conflict resolutions that were done in quarter one (October - December 2015). The land use planning process was guided by the National Land Use planning Commission guidelines. A total of 2,156ha (1,441ha for Pamila village and 715ha at Matendo village) was earmarked as area under improved management thus contributing to program objective 1: Expanded area under improved natural resource management. The area is significant as wildlife habitat and watershed in the critical ecosystem, hence facilitating reduction of human wildlife conflict through the demarcation of village land for specific uses such as agriculture, forest, human settlements. During the LUP process, the program used various methods including training for village government leaders, VLUM teams and influential people totaling to 75 participants (49 males and 26 females) who were trained for 28 days. Transect walks and mapping were also conducted during the training.

Below are the images for Matendo and Pamila village land use plans. We will include higher resolution images in the next report

Matendo Village Land Use Plan

Pamila Land Use Plan

b. Development of District Land Use Framework Plan. The process to develop the DLUF plans for Uvinza and Mpanda districts is facilitated by the National Land Use Planning Commission (NLUPC), Western Zonal Office based in Tabora. The NLUPC continues with data analysis, interpretation and assessment of land suitability, carrying capacity and preparation of the remaining 6 land use map with the help of 2013 satellite image. The development of the 6 maps that was to be finalized during this period, is still ongoing with a new completion date set for the third quarter, June 2016. This exercise took longer than anticipated because the NLUPC staffs had been involved in the reform that is taking place at the ministerial headquarter in Dar es Salaam. In early March 2016, the Program Director visited the zonal office in Tabora to assess progress and it was agreed to resume the process by the end of this quarter.

When completed, DLUF plans will earmark about 124,000 ha to be put under improved natural resource management. The table below summarizes required maps and their current development status:

No Name of the map Map attributes Status

1 Location Map National and Regional Setting for both Completed District

2 Land Physical Rivers, Contours, Lakes, Dams, Major Completed Features roads, Railway

3 Population density Ward areas, against ward population Completed and distribution indicated by color tint

4 Hierarchy of Centers location, its function in relation Completed settlements and to number of services pattern

5 Education Facilities Location of nursery, Primary and Completed secondary school

6 Healthy Services Location of dispensaries, Health centers Completed and Hospitals

7 Water supply Location of piped water system, its Completed sources and distribution system

8 Road Network Trunk roads, Regional roads, district Completed roads and seasonal tracks their distributions/ coverage

9 Wildlife (Key species: Animal corridors and habitat, locations Partially Complete Chimpanzees and and distributions/ area coverage Elephants)

10 Mining Mining sites and types, and distributions To be completed

11 Fishing Lakes, Rivers, Shores and selling To be completed centers

12 Soil Types of soils, location and areas Completed

13 Land capabilities Nature of land surface cover, slope, soil Completed fertility and structure, rock outcrop

14 Land suitability Soil characteristics against crop soil To be completed condition requirements Measured against crop production and management costs

15 Agro-ecological Rainfall, types of crops grown and Completed zones topographic nature

16 Vegetation (several Vegetation types and coverage, Extent To be completed for different times) of deforestation compared/ trend established

17 Existing land use Type of land use, Patterns and coverage Partially Complete

18 Proposed land use Recommended type of land use, To be completed framework Plan location and coverage (several alternatives)

See Annex 2 for examples of some of the maps developed in the DLUF process.

The current implementation status of the DLUF plan is as follows. The table integrates recommendations on completion dates from recent discussions with the NLUPC who were not available for this exercise during this quarter.

Task Description Status

STAGE 1 Pre-field Work Activities

1.1 Sensitization of Consultative meetings with District Councilors, Completed district councils Head of Departments (CMT) and declaration of district intention to engage in DLUFP

1.2 Training for Identification of PLUM Team members and Completed district PLUM training on the concepts of the process. Each team member to be given relevant terms of reference to guide activities before, during and after field work.

1.3 Literature review Secondary data collection from relevant sources, Completed district sector offices and central government, the various institutions and non-Government Organizations 1.4 Preparation of Involves compilation of collected secondary data Completed the district and base maps preparation, digital maps,

database and associated soils maps, geological as well as other field-work basic data to be digitized to facilitate reconciliation of existing situation before fieldwork. Includes purchase of relevant equipment and materials.

STAGE 2 FIELD WORK 2.1 Primary data Application of Rapid Rural Appraisal a preferred Completed collection method for primary data collection.

2.2 Transect walks Depicting details of road networks and the other Completed social facilities and important details to be mapped

with the application of GIS. Basic primary data are collected on socio-economic facilities and agro- ecological zones. Soil testing using various methods such as physical observations, finger testing and inspection of tranches when found. Other targeted details to be observed include types of current land uses and challenges, land forms and types of vegetation cover.

2.3 Updating of base Mapping of different agro-ecological zones, land- Ongoing map use change, areas of land use and resource utilization practices, mapping land units based on land forms, soil type, vegetation type, temperature and crops grown using GIS and satellite interpretation techniques

2.4 Social-economic Questionnaires are directed to relevant Completed survey using semi institutions: government and non-government structured organizations, and the local government leaders in interviews the villages. questionnaires

STAGE 3 DISTRICT PLAN FORMULATION – Next Quarter (October -December 2016)

3.1 Data analysis and Establish socio-economic profile, carrying Ongoing interpretation capacity analysis and 20 year land use projections and land requirements

3.2 Land evaluation All land qualities and nature of land forms, parent Ongoing and suitability material and soil characteristics are compiled and assessment gauged against specific use, and management of crops in the district.

3.3 Report writing Establish standards based on population Ongoing parameters and land requirements for next 20

years.

3.4 Formulation of Development strategies are to be selected clearly Ongoing development to guide the planning process of a given area. strategies:

3.5 Preparation of Formulate and locate utilization and management Ongoing the Proposed practices for all available resources, focusing Land Use balancing land utilization with conserving the Framework Plan: natural environment.

3.6 Preparation of Formulation of an action plan or work plan is a Ongoing to be Plan tool for implementing Participatory Land Use completed in Q3 Implementation Management (PLUM). Plan should indicate time (April-June 2016) schedule frame, objectives, responsible persons, available potentials in and outside the district, indicators, activities with inputs which are carried out to achieve the defined objectives (targets or milestones); a division of responsibilities and required resources.

3.7 Monitoring and Preparation of list of indicators for monitoring and Ongoing to be evaluation evaluation of progress of the plan completed in Q3 (April-June 2016)

3.8 Submission of The draft is to be submitted to district authority Ongoing to be draft report to and stakeholders for comments and amendments. completed in Q3 district authority (April-June 2016)

3.9 Production of Final compilation of the plan, submission to Ongoing to be final report and ministry, and reproduction completed in Q3 submission for (April-June 2016)

registration

c. Development of Comprehensive Land Use Plans. The development of comprehensive land use plans is in progress. The program conducted consultative meetings with four district councils’ PLUM teams of Nsimbo, Mpanda, Uvinza and Kigoma rural to develop criteria for the establishment of the LUPs and selection of the villages. District councils’ PLUM teams together with the program team developed a working document which proposes strategies and activities to be implemented, outputs and indicators to monitor implementation progress. During consultative meetings villages selected for demonstrating comprehensive land use plans include: Mgaraganza (Kigoma rural); Katete (Uvinza); Vikonge (Mpanda) and Mnyamasi (Nsimbo). The program is facilitating district councils PLUM teams to carry out sensitization meetings in selected village and prepare budgets for implementing the activity.

Challenge: The raise in allowance rates for civil servants that was effected last years has resulted in unanticipated increase in cost for the activity. The discussion between the district and JGI have concluded that the new rates need to be adhered to but the program should consider reducing number of days or participants as appropriate, without negatively affecting the expected results of the activity.

IR 2: Forest connectivity achieved and maintained through Community Based Forest Management 2.1 Facilitate establishment of Joint Forest Management Plan for general land Implementation of JFMP for Tongwe West Local Authority Forest Reserve involved sharing terms of references (ToRs) with key stakeholders (district council’s i.e. Mpanda and Nsimbo district council authorities, neighboring villages to the forest reserve (Mnyamasi and Kasisi villages), CBO and other development partners after being shared with Tanzania Forest Service. The engagement of key stakeholders within the landscape is important because the Tongwe West Forest Reserve which belongs to Mpanda district council is bordered by Tongwe East Forest Reserve that belongs to TFS. The North East Mpanda National Forest Reserve under TFS and Mnyamasi and Kasisi villages belong to Nsimbo district council. A local facilitator to guide the JFM process has been identified. Joint Forest Management will provide a platform for joint forest management effort by enhancing Public Private Partnership, between communities, national and district governments, for improved forest management.

2.2 Facilitate establishment of CBFM/PFM for village forest reserves Community-based forest management (CBFM) actively involves communities in making informed decisions about managing forest resources in their village, community or private forest reserves. The implementation of CBFM activities involved forest monitors, VLUM and village firefighting teams actively enforcing forest management plans and villages forest by-laws. The implementation was organized through regular monitoring and patrols by village forest monitors, community patrols and joint district patrols with CBOs It was observed during patrols that implementation of the village forest management plans and village forest by-laws have contributed to reduction of threats in the village land forest reserves. This is due to improved law enforcement and the imposition of penalties and fines

18 charged from defaulters that are higher than the benefits obtained from illegal activities, as well as the confiscation of their working tools.

Mwakizega and Vikonge villages continued with implementation of the CBFM planning process ranging from surveying village forests in Mwakizega village and conducting training to 40 (28 males, 12 females) village leaders, influential people and village natural resource committees (VNRC). The trained VNRC surveyed the forest as part of the forest resource assessment and drafted the forest management plan which was facilitated by district team and JGI staff. In Vikonge village the process will start in April 2016 following completed discussion between the Mpanda district, the program and the village leadership.

The checkpoint that was established by JUMMATU A at Vikonge village as an effort to control illegal harvesting of forest resources is still not being enforced until operational issues between Mpanda district council, JUMMATU A and TFS are resolved. The GMU program is putting more effort towards facilitating Vikonge village to conduct CBFM that will lead to the gazetting of the village forest reserves and promptly resolve these issues so that CBOs have more authority and power on installing and managing of such checkpoints.

The construction of CBO offices that started in October 2015 has now been complete for some of the CBO's. Office for JUMUNTANGO CBO located at Mwamila village has been completed and the contractor has handed over the building to village government, while waiting for official handing over from the program and Uvinza district council. TUMAKATA office at Kalalangabo has also been completed waiting for official handing over while JUMMATU A office construction at Vikonge village is still ongoing, but at an advanced stage. The combined CBO and village council permanent offices will support coordination of conservation efforts by making it easier for CBOs to keep records and conduct meetings and trainings and provide room for village land registry. The program is still working with two other CBOs (JUMMATU B and JUEMMA) to identify area for office construction and the site identification will be completed in April 2016.

TUMAKATA office JUMUNTANGO office JUMMATU A Office at Vikonge Completed completed still under construction

In total all 6 CBOs coordinated 136 village based patrols within village forest reserves and general land where they identified 167 people violating LUP bylaws by farming, cattle grazing, and collecting firewood in protected areas. The CBOs collected Tshs 698,000 as fines and penalties from defaulters. CBOs also conducted educational campaigns in member villages reaching 12,649 people (9,594 males, 4,282 females). The table in Annex 2 contains more details on CBO activities.

Promoting Good Forest Governance The GMU program through commissioned consultants, Development Impact (DI) facilitated natural resource governance training to 83 (58 males, 25 females) ward councilors who had been sworn into office in December (75% of whom had not received

prior training on their roles or good governance) and 37 (32 males, 5 females) district technical staff from Kigoma rural, Uvinza, Mpanda and Nsimbo district councils. The training sessions were conducted at two venues, Mpanda district council and Jane Goodall Education Centre in Kigoma. The topics covered include, background of local governance, organization structure of local governance in Tanzania, roles and responsibilities of councilors, ethics of councilors and good governance and how to fight against corruption. Governance training for councilors provided an understanding for ward councilors in their roles and responsibilities and improved decision making at ward level and district councils to be able to make informed decisions on natural resources affecting the wider community benefits. These individuals are motivated to integrate what they have learned in improving governance within their communities, including that of natural resources.

Recommendations provided by DI are currently being reviewed for prioritization and inclusion in the ongoing program. Among the recommendations are:

i. Empowering local government officials, village leaders, ward councilors who are decision makers and budget holders at their level so that they become champions of natural resource governance and encourage downward accountability; ii. Training religious leaders to become change agents since for them natural resource governance is more of a moral issue; iii. Need to design benefit sharing mechanism as an incentive for local people to fully participate in natural resource governance; iv. Complete land use plans for remaining villages to demarcate and clearly indicate various land uses and controls; v. Design measures to control illegal logging in forests reserves, overgrazing and land clearing for pastoralism; vi. Undertake capacity building and advocacy initiatives that aim to address gaps in decentralization process which include expertise, skills and technology transfer and elite capture; vii. Enhance and strengthen natural resource‐based livelihoods and wise stewardship of land and natural resources.

During this training, change in government allowances continued to escalate cost of training from the original budget. The program attracted cost-sharing by TUUNGANE Project (a joint project implemented by Nature Conservancy, Frankfurt Zoological Society and Pathfinder) that contributed for councilors training for Uvinza and Mpanda districts. With the contribution from TUUNGANE project we were able to meet training targets despite the increased cost due to increase in allowance rates.

IR 3: Strategies to abate major drivers of deforestation are developed and implemented

3.1 Support community tree planting in program villages The program conducted supportive supervision to 36 farmers planted trees last quarter at Mukigo, Kalinzi, Matiazo, Mkongolo, Bitale and Magaraganza villages in Kigoma rural district. The extension officer provided training for farmers on appropriate weeding, fire prevention, pruning and thinning. Additional support was provided by the district extension staff to supervise and train farmers on the propagation of fruit trees. The program intended to target19 households for this quarter in establishing woodlots but instead they will be reached in the next quarter since the emphasis this quarter was on providing on-farm support to those who had planted trees.

3.2. Energy Efficient Measures Implemented In promoting use of fuel efficient stoves, champions/ToTs from two villages Zashe and Uvinza facilitated construction of FES in 443 households. The program advocates on the use of clay soil to make basement of firewood and or charcoal which are used in the stoves. This will reduce high demand of iron bars which that increases the cost per FES unit making it difficult for communities to afford. The rainfall continued to be a constraint in preparing mud bricks for the construction of stoves leading to a reduced number of stoves being constructed and causing most to wait for drier weather. The program will conduct further supervisory visits after the rainy season to promote more stove construction and address challenges associated with making and using stoves.

IR 4: Capacity of communities to manage and control forest fire increased

4.1 Provide training equipment and materials to community patrol team No training equipment and materials were provided to the community patrol team

4.2 Develop and implement fire management plans and command chain The program supported 17 villages to prepare and legalize their fire management plans as a follow up mechanism after the training conducted in quarter one 2015. A total of 144 (95 males, 49 females) fire crew members received refresher training on implementation of fire management plans. The training was followed by preparation and approval of village wildfire management plans and command chain. During the process 27 village wildfire management plans were approved by respective village governments in Uvinza district. The villages involved include Sigunga, Lyabusende, Kirando, Sunuka, Songambele, Karago, Ilagala, Kabeba, Katete, Kandaga, Mlela, Kalenge, Kazuramimba, Mwamila, Uvinza, Chakulu and Malagarasi. Wildfire management plans serve as frameworks for managing and containing wildfires in this way contribute to the reduction of wildfires’ incidences and severity and thus contribute to the health of the ecosystem.

4.3 Facilitate formation of village firefighting teams No new firefighting teams were formed this reporting quarter.

Kitwe Forest The program has continued to manage Kitwe Forest, as a “live demonstration” on the recovery of degraded miombo woodland and supports training on agro-forestry and forest fire management. The forest also provides training grounds for JGI’s Roots and Shoots club members and as a recreation site. The forest is mainly composed of diverse tree species of open miombo woodlands that stretches along the shore of Lake Tanganyika. There are no signs of siltation noted within the lakeshore along the Kitwe forest shoreline.

IR5: Capacity of district authorities and communities to monitor illegal extraction of natural resources in conservation area enhanced/increased

5.1 Conduct joint district patrols The program supported Uvinza district council to conduct forest patrols as a way of monitoring the forest in order to reduce illegal extraction of natural resources. Although these patrols were conducted in December, reports from the patrol teams were not received in time to report during that period. Specifically, the district forest patrol team aimed at visiting all the conserved forests to identify human activities, poachers and illegal people extracting forest and wildlife products, stop all illegal activities in conserved forests and convict all people in the conserved areas and confiscate their tools and penalize them using Forest Law number 14 of 2002 section 26 and 84 and take them to court.

Some of illegal activities taking place in the Masito Ugalla forest reserves identified during Uvinza district team patrol

The patrol team visited various points of the Masito Local Authority Forest Reserves forests and Ugalla LAFR from December 4 through 18, 2015 as presented in the attached map annex 3 and summarized in the table below:

District Areas Area (ha) Key illegal Legal actions taken patrolled activities identified

Uvinza Masito LAFR 156,493.6 Identified:  Livestock keepers charged near Malagarasi 4,400,000tshs and evicted  Illegal farming River close to  6 people out of 16 activities in the Mpeta village presented before the forest primary court of Uvinza  Poachers with with case No. Ugalla River in guns and bullets UVZ/IR/422/2015 charged Uvinza district  More than 500 for being in forest reserve at Nguye, hectares prepared without permission. The Mlofesi and for farming accused was sentenced for Mfubasi areas  440 livestock in one year or to pay the forest Total 156,493.6 200,000Tshs  810 illegal  The timber and tools used harvested timbers i.e., saws, axes were of various tree confiscated species

5.2 Conduct community patrols Fifteen villages conducted community forest patrols into their respective village forest reserves. Teams of village conservation groups i.e. CBOs, village forest monitors, land use management teams, firefighters and village leaders came together to conducts patrols on a regular basis (usually about 8 days per month). However, in some villages, patrols have been conducted by forest monitors only as a result were able to cover less area. The villages involved include:: Nyamoli, Mkongoro, Nyarubanda, Mgaraganza, Kalinzi, Mukigo, Zashe, Kiziba, Kagunga, Mwamgongo, Mtanga, Kigalye, Kalalangabo, Ilagala and Karago in Kigoma rural and Uvinza districts.

Among the fifteen villages, 12 villages are in Kigoma and 3 villages are in Uvinza district and a total of 133 participants (97 males, 36 females) involved in the patrols. Several threats and issues were identified along with positive indicative changes (bio-physical) on the village forest reserves as indicated in the table below. Through village forest monitors reports’ (source document), it was learned that most village forest monitors remain motivated to continue with regular patrol and that they need support in maintaining their tablets, uploading data, provision of gear such as rain coats and gumboots.

Weak cooperation among conservation or natural resource governance groups such as VLUM, firefighters and village leaders have been cited by the village forest monitors in some villages to affect implementation of the community patrol. In the way forward below, there some suggested ideas that would improve the situation

No. Negative indicative observations Positive indicative changes (threats), issues 1. Encroachments by Burundians refugees Emerging of Chimpanzees in up hill tops carrying out illegal activities such and riverine forest at Sabha and Beswe charcoal making, killing of wild animals forests in Kiziba and Zashe villages and clear felling of trees for cultivation (in Kagunga, Zashe, Kiziba and Mukigo and Nyarubanda villages 2. Uncontrolled grazing, encroachment Improved watersheds as result of for cultivation and farming along water continued land uses and forest by laws catchments, rivers and springs at enforcement at Kigalye village Kiziba, Mwamgongo and Kalinzi villages 3. Tree felling for fire wood in most GGE Improved forest regeneration at villages Nyamoli, Kalinzi and Kigalye villages 4. Encroachment for cultivation on village Remarkable efforts in enforcement of forest reserves from neighboring laws e.g. in Zashe village were 200,000/- villages; Mkongoro village invaded by Tshs were accrued and used to Kalinzi farmers construct a village health laboratory 5. illegal logging activities into watershed Four suspects were apprehended at riverine forest banks at both Kiziba Nyamoli village for further legal actions and Zashe villages against them 6. Boundary disputed between Kagunga A case has been lodged at the district and Mukigo village magistrate in Kigoma against convicted

suspected conducting illegal activities inside Kasuku village land forest reserve. The case is still in progress. 7. Weak cooperation between Village The issue has been brought for forest monitors and other groups discussion during meetings and training sessions. Data and information source: village patrol reports by FMs

As a way forward, the GMU team is requesting for a meeting with the district natural resource team to fully discuss the issues that were identified during the patrol and come up with concrete actions on how they can be addressed. These may include stressing the importance of the role of the district in providing regular follow-up to the villages in the application and use of bylaws for defaulters. Meetings with village leadership will also take place to ensure they understand and see value in the Forest Monitors and get their renewed commitment in supporting them, and enhancing cooperation and coordination between all groups within the village working on natural resource issues such as the VLUM teams.

5.3 Forest Monitors Fifty nine (59) village forest monitors participated in annual meeting which was conducted at two separate centers in Uvinza and Mpanda districts respectively. During the meeting FMs were introduced to new technology for forest data collecting and managing using Global Forest Watch. In addition, the forum was used to learn program issues of good governance, micro credit, fuel efficient stoves, climate change and data collection and management in M&E. FMs discussed the successes and challenges of their work and how their activities can be improved. The teams also underwent refresher paramilitary training for physical fitness and innovative work.

Forest Monitors attending training during annual meeting and later in paramilitary exercise at Mpanda Open ground in March 2016

Forest Monitors for Kigoma and Uvinza district villages attending annual meeting (right) and paramilitary training (left) at Uvinza village.

5.4 Applying new technologies to support decision making on natural resources a) Dashboard Launch In February, JGI in collaboration with Blue Raster (the design agency) and Global Forest Watch (GFW) officially introduced and launched the forest monitoring dashboard, at a stakeholders meeting held in Kigoma. The dashboard aims to support users in decision making and management of forest and wildlife between local government and communities. During this meeting, feedback was also obtained on how the tool could be improved to support decision making. This meeting was attended by Dr. Jane Goodall, Regional Commissioners for Katavi and Kigoma, and four district commissioners for Uvinza, Mlele, Kigoma and Mpanda and government technical teams. Other stakeholders attended the meeting include representatives from TNC, TUUNGANE Project, WCS, Tongwe TRUST, BTC, ITV, NLUPC Tabora zone Office and government research institutions TAWIRI, TAFIRI and TFS. The dashboard training was attended by 61 participants (44 males, 17 females) from various development organizations and government departments.

Regional Commissioners from Kigoma, Hon. Col. Issa Machibya (center), Katavi, Hon. Col. Issa Machibya (left) and Dr. Jane Goodall launching the Western Tanzania Forest Monitoring Dashboard in Kigoma, February 4, 2016

The facilitator discussed how the dashboard operates by using the raw data collected by FM's and stored in ODK in the cloud, aggregated and analyzed and made available in the database in the form that could be understood by decision makers, as well as how it could be read or accessed via the Dashboard.

Decision makers could use the dashboard to map and visualize distribution of wildlife and illegal human activities reported by the FMs. They can also overlay FM data over village and government protected areas and change the base maps to show topography or satellite imagery.

Users can use the chart tool to plot and compare villages based on the number of observations, total days patrolled or total kilometers patrolled to have a better understanding of the community

26 forest monitoring efforts or plot on the map and chart specific wildlife and threats reported village by village.

Decision makers could overlay forest loss between 2000-2014 from Global Forest Watch, village and government protected areas and forest threats reported by the FM such as location of charcoal kilns.

Global forest watch is an online forest monitoring and alert system that provides the most current, reliable, and actionable information about what is happening in forests worldwide. During the launch, the link between the Dashboard and GFW were shown and how FM's can work in support of noticed changes in vegetation as shown by the GFW satellites, leading to a potential increase in efficiency as a result of targeting their monitoring efforts.

Decision makers can also use the dashboard to overlay Village Forest Monitoring data over very high resolution satellite images. For example in this figure decision makers can see the location of the charcoal kilns reported by the FMs and the small footpaths and roads to them.

Regional Commissioners training on the dashboard applications - during this quarter, as part of capacity building efforts for our partners, both Kigoma and Katavi Regional Commissioners and their Personal Assistants were trained on the use of the dashboard and were given tablets for forest monitoring and assessment upon completion of the training. The training and equipment will improve their ability to supervise and plan conservation activities and determine environmental impacts in their respective regions. District Commissioners, Executive Directors and other relevant staff will be trained during the coming quarter.

The Katavi Regional Commissioner, Dr. Ibrahim Msengi and his Personal Assistant learn how to navigate through the forest monitoring dashboard.

b) Testing new tools to monitor vegetation and quantify forest regeneration JGI has continued to deepen its collaboration with Esri and DigitalGlobe to develop practical approaches that can be used to quantify forest regeneration in the village forest reserves. Forest loss is relatively easy to detect and map using even medium resolution sensors such as 30-meter Landsat satellite imagery. However, reforestation has been difficult to map with Landsat type of sensors, especially in relatively small village reserves dominated by deciduous miombo woodlands. In collaboration with DigitaGlobe, the company has been using its large constellation of satellites to acquire below 1-meter very high resolution satellite imagery over the Greater Gombe Ecosystem. For example we can use 60-cm QuickBird imagery to visualize the spectacular recovery of miombo woodlands between 2005 and 2014 in Kigalye village forest reserve due to natural regeneration and protection by the community.

In collaboration with Esri, JGI tested object based and pixel based supervised and unsupervised classification methods to map the health of the vegetation from DigitalGlobe imagery. Best results were achieved by assessing vegetation changes village by village. JGI is also working with Esri to use the newly available Drone2Map tool to streamline the creation of high resolution imagery products from drone-captured still imagery to monitor reforestation and illegal human activities in village forest reserve. The Digital Surface Models (DSM) derived from the UAV images show great promise to improve automatic classification of tree species from DigitalGlobe imagery. Finally, we are exploring the

28 potential use of Esri’s GeoPlanner web app evaluation dashboard tools to visualize and compare the forest change statistics for decision-makers.

A story map using ArcGIS Online showing Kigalye Village Forest Reserve in 2005.

A story map using ArcGIS Online showing Kigalye Village Forest Reserve in 2014.

Users can use the story map and the slider to explore the changes in woodland cover between 2005 and 2014.

Location of Kigalye village and change in vegetation health as detected by multi-spectral QuickBird and WorldView 2 satellite imagery between 2005 and 2014. Note that zoom in shows near- infrared color composites with healthy vegetation looking red.

Esri’s GeoPlanner app could be used to compare two maps side by side and visualize forest change statistics using easy to read dashboards. For example, in 1972 the current area of Kigalye Forest Reserve had 370 ha of forests and woodlands (70% of the reserve total area). This figure shows that by 2005 that area was reduced to 156 hectares or 42% of the 1972 forest cover baseline. As a result of village land use planning and community forest monitoring and conservation efforts, that woodland cover started to recover and reached 302 hectares by 2014 or 82% of the baseline.

Digital Surface Model derived from UAV showing forest and woodlands in Gombe National Park. JGI and Esri in partnership with Conservation Drones and other partners are testing new technologies and methods to monitor vegetation at the species level in western Tanzania. Emerging new UAV technologies have the potential to be powerful and locally available participatory tools that could acquire village scale imagery to support evaluation of village land use plan implementations and measure conservation success.

IR 6: Environmentally friendly agricultural practices and their benefits promoted 6.1 Support agro-forestry farming in project villages

(a).Rehabilitation of agroforestry farms No activities took place during the quarter.

(b). Promoting horticulture in Kigoma district villages The distribution was not conducted this quarter because the ongoing rains impaired the budding and grafting exercise at Kalinzi and Kagongo nurseries. The seedlings will be distributed next quarter.

6.2 Promote horticulture in Mpanda and Nsimbo – Katavi region The program distributed 2,930 seedlings of improved mango variety to 32 farmers (20 males, 12 females) in Majalila, Mnyamasi and Kalenge villages. The varieties include Kent, Red Indian, Tommy, Alfonzo and Apple sourced from Sokoine University of Agriculture in Morogoro.

The Program staff in collaboration with Nsimbo, Uvinza and Mpanda district council staff, conducted regular follow up visits to mango farms and provided on farm advice.

IR 7: Increase income from environmentally friendly enterprises in project areas

7.1 Facilitate formation of SACCOS The program continued to support micro credit groups in economic productivity and diversification through 27 micro-credit groups operated by 2,479 members. This reporting period the program managed to conduct supportive supervision of three micro credit groups (Bitale, Kidahwe and Upendo in Katambike village) to focus on loan repayment and recruitment of new members. As a result of this visit, total of 23,761,100/= Tshs ($ 11,352.7) was collected through ways of village saving and loan system through which most members prefer due to its soft regulations. The three microfinance visited reported three new members joining the groups.

Some of LUICHE SACCOS members at Kasuku village after their monthly meeting

7.2 Improve value chain of coffee and support marketing The program continued to maintain the 23 clonal coffee farms for supply of scions (young shoots) during coffee cloning process. The process started with the identification of good mother trees as sources for scions while maintaining a pilot plot of 500 trees through weeding, bending and manuring. The mother coffee plants sprouted each with a capacity to produce 15 cuttings that are ready for grafting. This ensures enough supply of suckers (growths from the base or roots of a plant) for coffee farmers. The main challenge for this procedure has been the extended rainy season which results into unfavorable conditions for the budding and grafting process. The activity will continue next quarter after the rainy season subsides.

Clonal Coffee plot for sucker production on the left and on the right, District Agriculture Extension Officer examining coffee suckers from the mother coffee plant

The distribution of 4,980 clonal cofee seedlings was to take place this quarter, but, due to the continuing rainfall, had to be postponed. They are still in the nursery and will be distributed as soon as the rains stop.

7.3 Improve honey production and value chain The program distributed beekeeping gear to beekeeping groups in Kigoma and Uvinza district councils. Thhe beekeeping tools were distributed to six groups in four villages - Kasuku, Simbo, Bitale and Ilagala villages. To ensure sustainability and promote ownership the bee keepers groups contribute 30% of the cost of each beehive that support other beekeeping groups. To date, the program has collected Tshs 252,000/= from five groups (3 in Kasuku, one in Mnyamasi and one in Majalila villages)..

Some of the beekeeping equipment distributed to beekeeping groups in the program area

Most members of the beekeeping groups are also members of the micro credit groups in their villages. The table below summarizes information on the tools that were distributed to the beekeeping groups:

Village Group name Item Quantity Kasuku Tumaini Container of 5 liter 5 Bee smoker 3 Pcs Protective gears 3 Pears Container of 20 liter 5 Pcs Tupendane Container of 5 liter 10 Pcs Bee smoker 5 Pcs Protective gears 5 Pairs Container of 20 liter 10 Pcs Simbo Magengere Container of 5 liter 10 Pcs Bee smoker 5 Pcs Protective gears 5 Pears Container of 20 liter 10 Pcs Bitale Twiyagile Container of 5 liter 5 Pcs Bee smoker 2 Pcs Protection gears 2 Pears Container of 20 liter 5 Pcs Ilagala Umoja ni Container of 5 liter 10 Pcs nguvu Bee smoker 3 Pcs Protective gears 3 Pears Container 20 ltrs 15 Pcs Mwangu Container of 5 liter 9 Pcs Bee smoker 4 Pcs Protective gears 6 Pairs Containers 20 liters 15 Pcs

7.4 Promote Ecotourism activities in program villages The tourist attractions documentary video for Mwamgongo-Kalinzi ecotourism route was shared with community members in Mwamgongo and Kalinzi villages for their review and comments on any missing information before it is finalized. The documentary and brochure were reviewed by 5 (5 males, 1 female) tour guides and 52 traditional dancers (22 males, 30 females). Comments were collected and shared with the consultant for finalization.

The training for selected community members was postponed as district staff could not be readily available for facilitation since they were engaged with other tasks. The activity has now been scheduled for next quarter.

6.0 Lessons Learned (Annual)

6.1. The governance training conducted for Ward Councilors and other newly elected leaders has proved to be useful. The training has been instrumental in educating the local leaders on their roles and responsibilities in governing the available resources, especially the natural resources, since more than 75% of the leaders had no previous exposure to such training. This knowledge can go a long way in creating champions for improved natural resource governance, management and benefit sharing, as well as fast tracking new leaders understanding and confidence in decision making. 6.2. Subdivision of villages nullified some of the existing land use plans thus necessitating a premature review of the plans. The program has used the available funds to support review in five villages and still encourages all districts to allocate funds in their current budgets for review of the plans. In addition, the program has been coordinating with the district department mandated with registration of new villages to have an open process that is transparent and shared with other departments for feedback before new villages are registered.

Other Qualitative Achievements a) USAID/Tanzania Annual Development Objective 2 Meeting JGI was invited by USAID/Tanzania to attend the 2nd Annual USAID/Tanzania Development Objective 2 Partner Meeting in Morogoro from February 9 - 10th. JGI's presentation was focused on how we have been using mobile, GIS, remote sensing, cloud, and web mapping tools and dashboards in western Tanzania for natural resource management and to secure tenure through village land use planning. The presentation, made by Program Director, Emmanuel Mtiti and Dr Lilian Pintea, JGI-US VP Conservation Sciences was very well received with many participants appreciating that we shared these lessons learned. It was also an opportunity to connect and explore opportunities to leverage other USAID technology initiatives such as MAST (Mobile Application to Secure Tenure). b) JGI-US Communications Visit Shawn Sweeney, Senior Director of Community Engagement for the Jane Goodall Institute- USA, and Bill Wallauer, JGI's research videographer and wildlife cameraman visited Tanzania in February to document stories of activities implemented under the GMU program. The stories gathered from their efforts include those of individuals, community members, whole programs and landscape-scale change happening through GMU activities including land-use planning, forest monitoring, income generation (microcredit, behives & honey, foraging for mushrooms, woodlots, etc ... ), and access to fuel-efficient stoves. In addition to documenting GMU activities, Shawn and Bill also had the opportunity to document the launch of the Community Forest Monitoring Dashboard, including remarks by the regional commissioners and Dr. Jane Goodall who were in attendance to learn about and support the launch of this new tool.

The stories were documented through the use of video interviews with individual GMU program participants, as well as still photography and written documentation. Shawn and Bill are using the information and these visuals gathered through their visit to develop multi-media success stories that highlight the success of the GMU program. In collaboration

35 with USAID/Tanzania, following a meeting with their communications staff during this trip, these stories will be shared through the Web, traditional and social media.

7.0 Planned Activities for QIII (April - June 2016)

7.1 Land Use Planning  Operationalization of LUP in Mpanda and Uvinza district councils  Community sensitization on comprehensive village land use plans  Supervise and facilitate development of DLUFP for Uvinza and Mpanda District

7.2 Environment Education  Supervise R&S clubs in Mpanda  Conduct surveys for preparation of billboards installation.  Conduct conservation training sessions for youth at Kitwe Education Center  Follow-up tree nurseries and planting in schools  Conduct school based education program through TOT teachers training

7.3 Community Development  Promote construction of FES  Conduct SACCOS supervision  Facilitate coffee farmers trade fair  Production of brochure and CDs for promoting eco-tourism activities  Eco-tourism site preparation and promotion  Facilitate Region/District visit to eco-tourism sites

7.4 Forest governance and CBOs capacity building  Participate in JFM for CBOs  Supervision of ongoing CBO office construction in Mpanda  Handing Over of three CBO offices to Communities  Facilitate CBOs’ annual meetings  Facilitate and supervise monitoring of natural resource governance

7.5 Monitoring and Evaluation  Conduct Regular Data Quality Assessment (RDQA)  Conduct training in data collection and management to VLUMs, Coffee representatives and VINAs  Use Miradi (conservation management software tool) to plan and implement the implementation of four comprehensive land use plans in Mgaraganza, Katete, Vikonge and Mnyamasi villages  Finalize and share ToRs for midterm Evaluation

7.6 Forestry and Conservation  Facilitate CBFM process for private forests at Bitale and Bubango, Vikonge village (Mpanda), Mwakizega and Katete (Uvinza)  Liaise with Coordinate Joint district patrols for Uvinza, Nsimbo and Mpanda DCs  Facilitate training on Forestry Laws to district and village leaders  Conduct field supervision of horticulture activities in Mpanda  Facilitate CBFM process for private forests. Not done in these villages. To be done at Vikonge village (Mpanda)  Facilitate training on Forestry Laws to district and village leaders  Facilitate coffee extension services in 4 villages and support planting of clonal coffee in January, 2016  Distribution of personal equipment to FMs

8.0 Special Issues

There were no special issues experienced during the quarter.

9.0 Cross- cutting Issues

9.1 Climate Change The program started training local leaders i.e. ward councilors and village government leaders on vulnerability of their villages on negative impact of climate change and adaptation strategies using experience from the findings of the vulnerability assessment conducted in six villages.

In the next 2 quarters (April to September 2016), it is anticipated that the GMU project will play an important role supporting JGI’s activities under the USAID funded Africa Biodiversity Collaborative Group (ABCG)2, project. One of the major ABCG focus areas is on understanding more about the impact of human responses to climate change on biodiversity.

A recent peer-reviewed ABCG working group study demonstrated that while some wildlife species ranges will not contract due to the direct impact of climate change, they are highly likely to suffer significant habitat loss from human land use changes (Segan et al., 2015). Vulnerability assessments targeting species and sites that fail to consider how people are likely to respond to climate change will be systematically biased (Segan et al., 2015). Therefore, through this project ABCG will provide information on the kinds of change people are experiencing, how they are responding, and, most importantly, how their responses affect biodiversity. The work will address how human responses may negatively impact biodiversity and will highlight opportunities that reduce human vulnerability while benefitting biodiversity conservation. The findings will also underscore how common maladaptive human coping strategies can compound negative climate change impacts and increase long term community vulnerability. Communication outputs will include a peer-

2 The Africa Biodiversity Collaborative Group (ABCG), is a coalition of seven major US-based international conservation non-governmental organizations (NGOs) with field-based activities in Africa and members include the Jane Goodall Institute, the African Wildlife Foundation, Conservation International (CI), The Nature Conservancy (TNC), Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), World Resources Institute (WRI) and World Wildlife Fund (WWF).

37 reviewed paper, a web-based database of adaptation strategies, mapping of biodiversity impacts, and a list of recommended adaptation interventions that also benefit biodiversity. In addition to ABCG’s communication infrastructure, these outputs will be communicated through a final workshop that seeks to influence international institutions that fund conservation in Africa as well as African institutions and decision makers. The GMU project area has been selected as one of the ecosystems in which survey work will take place and JGI will ensure that USAID Tanzania are fully briefed on activities as and when they occur.

9.2 Gender In activities that promote productive economic benefits for women such as micro credit, beekeeping, woodlots and eco-tourism, the percentage of women reached 44.4%, (72 out of 162 participants). The percentage this quarter decreased compared to 50.4% in the last quarter due to some activities not taking place during the off season. The program continues to emphasize the need for women to actively participate in all activities being implemented and seeks out ways to ensure this.

9.3 Environmental Education Through EE, the program visited 72 schools (60 primary schools, 12 secondary schools) in Kigoma and Uvinza districts distributing environmental education messages on posters and 2016 calendar. The schools visited have 1,616 students (752 males, 864 females) engaged in environmental conservation activities which include tree nursery establishment, tree planting, promoting use of fuel efficient stoves, farming yams, soil conservation, gardening and cleaning schools compound.

The program distributed 200 posters carrying wildlife protection messages especially the chimpanzee and 150 copies of the 2016 R&S calendar were distributed. All the 72 schools have registered Roots and Shoots clubs. The team identified several challenges which include the transfer of trained schools matrons and patrons, inadequate regular training to club members and patron/matrons in environmental conservation, inadequate field visits to some schools. As a way forward the EE team will schedule to have school club field visits at least once in each quarter.

Students participating in classroom learning session at the JGI education center and practical training in Kitwe forest

9.4 Billboards production The manufacturing of billboards frames was completed this quarter. Last quarter the program requested all the four district councils to identify appropriate sites to install the billboards but discussions are still going on regarding the appropriateness, relevancy,

38 visibility and security at some of the selected areas. The frames for billboards for Mpanda and Nsimbo still await transportation. The program is finalizing preparation for conducting baseline surveys to determine knowledge, attitudes and practice before installing the billboards. The same survey will be repeated at intervals of six months and one year in order to assess the impact of the messages after the billboards are in place. Analysis of community’s response to the survey will inform the way future messages are designed and disseminated.

10. Monitoring & Evaluation

10.1 Forest Monitors Training The program conducted training for forest monitors on data collection and management during annual meeting. The training aimed at enhancing the importance of data collection, data collection tools and utilization.

10.2 Implementation of DQA Recommendations The program continued to implement one remaining recommendation from the DQA conducted by TMEMS in February 2015 team by incorporating operational definitions in the reviewed PMP, reviewed targets and achievements for FY 2015. The revised PMP will be submitted to USAID in May 2016. As shown in the table below only one (out of the 13 recommendations) was still being implemented this quarter.

ACTION PLAN TO ADDRESS ISSUES RAISED DURING DQA REMAINING ACTION TO BE STATUS ISSUES TAKEN IDENTIFIED Ensure that there Develop and document The program has continued using the procedures: is documented procedures or For data that originates from FMS, CBOs, VLUM, procedures or guidelines for data Coffee farmers, SACCOS, Beekeeping groups and guidelines on data collection, handling and collection village governments are channeled to respective keeping methodologies sector head, then to M&E Office and to Program methodologies for for each indicator, M&E each indicator director (ongoing) develop, share with GMU teams and TMEMS For data on training: Source is respective sector for more inputs head, who reports to M&E for review compiling and verification then to Program Director (ongoing) Data management and training guidelines will be shared with USAID and TMEMS after internal comments compilation (will be annexed to PMP) Document Develop training Developing training guidelines is under review by guidelines/procedu guidelines based on the program team, will be shared to TMEMS and res to guide standard indicators USAID in May 2016 (will be annexed to PMP) trainings ( No. of definition of 4.8.1-6 and days for trainings, 4.8.1-29 criteria for being counted-pre & Post-test)

10.3 Hosting Partners M&E Meeting The program hosted and participated including organizing field learning during USAID IPs Quarterly M&E meeting held at JGI education centers

The workshop drew participation form M&E officers and coordinators from various organizations3 sponsored by USAID/Tanzania. The workshop focuses on project teams to be updated on various M&E tools and methods and to ensure that they incorporate the tools into their reporting.

The workshop exposed participants to Rapid Appraisal Methods of data collection, Data Quality Assessments (DQA) reporting to open data system and aligning partner monitoring, evaluation and learning (MEL’s) to the Tanzania Country Development Cooperation Strategy Performance Management Plan (CDCS PMP). The team conducted hands on data collection in three sites selected in the GMU program area of which the findings formed the basis of success stories documenting positive outcomes observed. These success stories are included in Annex 4.

M&E meeting participants in meeting room during discussion of field findings left).Coffee farmer and team visiting a farmer in Matyazo village (right).

The program continues to supervise the use of standardized data collection tools in the field and maintained at the program office and district levels.

10.4Coordination and stakeholder collaboration Senior JGI and Program staff attended meetings to share experience and lessons learned as follows: Date Title of the Meeting Participant Key Issues January USAID/Tanzania Biodiversity Program Director Experience sharing 26 & 27 Partners meeting, Arusha Identifying areas for collaboration and partnership February Economic Growth Partners – VP, Conservation Knowing the potential of local 9 &10 Working with Local Science institutions

3 WCS-SHARPP, IITA, PROTECT, Africare – Mwanzo Bora, IGE, TAHA, CIP-VISTA, JGI-GMU, LEAT, iAGRI, Africa Lead, TNC-NTRI-EET, NAFAKA, PELLUM Tanzania,

Institutions, Morogoro. Program Director Best practices Networking Experience sharing on use of new technologies February Development Partners Group Dr. Jane Goodall Experience sharing 11 meeting, Dar es Salaam VP, Conservation Leveraging partnerships Science Program Director

11. Financial Summary

12 ANNEXES Annex 1: Events in Photos

Key participants of the dashboard meeting that took place on the 4th of February at JGI-Education Center

Annex 2: Quarterly CBO Activity Report Activity Name of CBO TOTAL

TUMAK ATA JUMUN TANGO JUMMA A TU JUEMA JUMMA TU B JUWAM A Frequency of 41 64 0 13 18 136 forest reserve patrols conducted Defaulters 31 68 0 17 110,000 167 arrested violating land use bylaws Amount of 123,000 50,000 0 415,00 110,000 698,000 money collected 0 as fines and penalties inTshs People reached 12,133 68 0 318 130 12,649 with conservation messages Tree seedlings 140,231 0 0 0 2,256 257,862 planted Tree 0 0 0 0 0 0 harvesting/charc oal Permit issued by villages/districts Frequency of 0 0 0 0 0 0 appearing of wildfire New livestock 0 2 0 5 1 8 keepers in the area Evicted people 0 5 0 5 0 10 in the village forest reserves Amount of 0 0 0 0 0 0 money entered in CBO account (Tshs)

Annex 3: Patrolled Areas during Joint district patrol in December 2015

Annex 4: Success Stories Developed During the M&E Meeting in Kigoma