A Study of Code Switching in Radio Announcers’ Utterances Used in the “Sunset Drive” Program of Swaragama Fm Radio

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A STUDY OF CODE SWITCHING IN RADIO ANNOUNCERS’ UTTERANCES USED IN THE “SUNSET DRIVE” PROGRAM OF SWARAGAMA FM RADIO

A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education

By Christina Rina Mahanani Student Number: 091214020

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS AND TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2015 PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI

STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY

I honestly declare that this thesis, which I have written, does not contain the work or parts of the work of other people, except those cited in the quotations and the references, as a scientific paper should.

Yogyakarta, 22 January 2015

The Writer

Christina Rina Mahanani 091214020

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LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS

Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma:

Nama : Christina Rina Mahanani NomorMahasiswa : 091214020

Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul:

A STUDY OF CODE SWITCHING IN RADIO ANNOUNCERS’ UTTERANCES USED IN THE “SUNSET DRIVE” PROGRAM OF SWARAGAMA FM RADIO Beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di Internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis.

Demikian pernyataan ini yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya.

Dibuat di Yogyakarta Pada tanggal: 22 Januari 2015

Yang menyatakan:

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DEDICATION PAGE

A Mystery of My Life

I was born like a piece of paper Pure and spotless I am created as a painter A piece of paper will be painted by my hands Now, as a painter I decorate it with colors Deciding to put colors in, dark or bright The scratch of pen like journey of my life Straight, wavy, dotted or tortuous Time goes stepping forward definitely My paper is full of squiggle, torn and a hole Various colors blend beautifully Happiness, sadness, laughs and cries unity as one I wish to carve success in a long road of my life Hoping my dream and hope will come true God as my guidance In a mystery of my life I can only guess and look for the secret In darkness I try to find a light Will I find the good way? Or I’ll fall into a black hole I never know what I’ll get Life is a mystery Wishing I can find the mystery, but I can’t I just believe life must go on Never surrender and trust God always be with me

By Christina Rina Mahanani (2010)

I dedicate this thesis to Jesus Christ, my wonderful Dad, my beautiful Mother, my lovely brother and sister, and all my best friends.

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ABSTRACT

Mahanani, Christina Rina. 2015. A Study of Code Switching in Radio Announcers’ Utterances Used in the “Sunset Drive” Program of Swaragama FM Radio. Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Program, Sanata Dharma University.

Indonesia has been influenced by the western culture in multiple aspects. One of the prominent western footprints is Indonesian-English code switching in broadcasting program. One of broadcasting programs, namely, the “Sunset Drive” program, provides a unique forum for analyzing the linguistic phenomena of code switching in broadcasting. The phenomena of code switching can be found in the communication of the announcers and the listeners. The announcers often use different languages in the same utterance. This phenomenon interested the researcher to undertake the research on code switching used by the announcers. In this research, there are two questions to be answered. They are: (1) What are the types of code switching used in radio announcers’ utterances of the “Sunset Drive” program of Swaragama FM radio?; (2) What are the reasons for the code switching in radio announcers’ utterances of the “Sunset Drive” program of Swaragama FM radio? In conducting the research, the researcher used document analysis, observation, and interview method. Here, the researcher acted as the main instrument to gain the data. The data were taken from the “Sunset Drive” programs that were broadcasted from September 16 until September 20, 2013. In answering the first research question, researcher implemented theory on types of code-switching from Asher (1994) and McCormick (1994). There were six types of code switching proposed to analyze data, namely diglossia, single word code switching, situational code switching, metaphoric code switching, conversational code switching and integrated loanword. To answer the second research question about the reasons of code switching, the researcher used theory reason of code switching by Malik (1994) and Gumperz (1982). The nine reasons were linguistic deficiency, quotation, message qualification, showing identity with group, personalization, semantic significance, making a joke, social status and attraction.

The results of the research showed that there were three types of code switching used in the radio announcers’ utterances of the “Sunset Drive” program. The types of code switching used in the radio announcers’ utterances of the “Sunset Drive” program were single word code switching, conversational code switching and integrated loanword. The researcher also found that there were six reasons of code-switching used in the “Sunset Drive” program of Swaragama FM radio. They were linguistic deficiency, quotation, message qualification, identity with group, personalization and attraction. .

Keywords: Code switching, Announcers, Utterances, the “Sunset Drive” program

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ABSTRAK Mahanani, Christina Rina. 2015. A Study of Code Switching in Radio Announcers’ Utterances Used in the “Sunset Drive” Program of Swaragama FM Radio. Yogyakarta: Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Universitas Sanata Dharma.

Indonesia telah dipengaruhi oleh kebudayaan barat dalam berbagai aspek. Salah satu bukti yang menonjol dari pengaruh kebudayaan barat adalah alih kode Bahasa Indonesia ke Bahasa Inggris dalam program penyiaran. Salah satu program penyiaran tersebut adalah program “Sunset Drive”, yang memberikan forum yang unik untuk menganalisa alih kode dalam program radio. Fenomena alih kode dapat ditemukan dalam komunikasi antara penyiar dan pendengar. Penyiar sering menggunakan bahasa yang berbeda-beda dalam percakapan. Fenomena ini menarik bagi peneliti untuk meneliti alih kode yang digunakan oleh para penyiar. Dalam penelitian ini, ada dua pertanyaan yang akan dijawab. Pertanyaan tersebut adalah: (1) tipe alih kode apa saja yang digunakan dalam percakapan penyiar radio dalam program “Sunset Drive” radio Swaragama FM?; (2) Apa saja alasan digunakannya alih kode pada percakapan penyiar radio dari program “Sunset Drive” di radio Swaragama FM? Dalam melakukan penilitian ini, peneliti menggunakan metode dokumen analisis dan wawancara. Dalam hal ini, peneliti bertindak sebagai instrument utama dalam pengumpulan data. Data yang digunakan diambil dari program “Sunset Drive” yang disiarkan dari tanggal 16 September sampai 20 September 2013 dengan purposeful sampling. Untuk menjawab permasalahan pertama, peneliti menggunakan teori tipe-tipe alih kode dari Asher (1994) dan McCormick (1994). Ada enam tipe alih kode yang digunakan, seperti diglosia, single word code switching, situational code switching, metaphoric code switching, conversational code switching dan integrated loanword. Untuk menjawab permasalahan kedua tentang alasan-alasan dalam alih kode, peneliti menggunakan teori alasan alih kode dari Malik (1994) dan Gumperz (1982). Sembilan alasan alih kode adalah linguistic deficiency, quotation, message qualification, showing identity with group, personalization, semantic significance, making a joke, social status and attraction. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada tiga tipe alih kode yang digunakan pada percakapan penyiar radio dari program “Sunset Drive”. Tipe- tipe alih kode yang digunakan pada percakapan penyiar radio dari program “Sunset Drive” adalah single word code switching, conversational code switching dan integrated loanword. Peneliti juga menemukan bahwa ada enam alasan digunakannya alih kode pada program “Sunset Drive” radio Swaragama FM. Alasan-alasan tersebut adalah linguistics deficiency, quotation, message qualification, showing identity with group, personalization dan attraction.

Keywords: Code switching, Announcers, Utterances, the “Sunset Drive” program

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I would like to give my deepest gratitude to Jesus Christ for His great blessing, spirit, and motivation during my thesis writing. I thank Him for giving me this beautiful life. Nothing can replace the grace.

I sincerely thank and appreciate my advisor Dr. Retno Muljani, M.Pd. for her guidance, advice, and support so that I could finally finish my thesis. I am so thankful for her patience, suggestion during my thesis writing, and willingness to provide her valuable time. I would also like to thank Adyaningrum P. Cinta

Perdana, S.Pd., Septiana Citra Fridayani and Christina Nuci Vera Margono,

S.Pd. for their invaluable advices in giving corrections for my thesis.

I would like to thank all lecturers and staff members of the English

Language Education Study Program who are very patient and caring in guiding me during my period of learning in the department. I learned so many things from them. I would like to thank them for the greatest contribution in my learning process.

My deepest thanks go to my beloved parents, Drs. F. Sumiyono and

Yuliana Tri Mulyati, S.Pd., for their support and greatest patience since the first time I saw this world until I start to build my own life. I am very grateful to have such wonderful parents like them. I also want to thank my beloved brother,

Yohannes Eko Hadi Nugroho, for being a lovely brother ever and my sister,

Maria Maris Astuti, who is separated by place and time, and my beloved family members Bude Tri, Mbak Niken, Embah putri, Om Karno, Anet and Jerry.

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My special thanks also go to my best friends and partner in ‘Itikiwir Agent’,

Retno ‘enok’, Septi ‘simbah’, Nuci, Cinta, Marina ‘Makrin’, and Alex for their support, laughter, and happiness. I thank them for being nice friends who helped when I was in trouble since first semester until the last semester. I am very grateful for our wonderful friendship.

I owe thanks to Swaragama FM Yogyakarta’s crews, Fania Zetira and

Dimas for their support while I collected my data to support my thesis. I feel very graceful. Without them, this project would not be as valuable as it is.

I would like to thank Ms. Catherine Elliot and Ms. Rosie Anderson for giving me a big chance to open new world in my life. I could have different friends from different backgrounds and cultures. I am very thankful for the greatest moments that I have been through.

Last but not least, I would like to thank all people whom I cannot mention here, who always give their support in writing my thesis. Although my name stands alone on this document, it would never have been completed without the support of countless other people. I take great pleasure in this opportunity to thank many people who generously furnished assistance and advice while I was working on this project.

Christina Rina Mahanani

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE ...... i APPROVAL PAGE ...... ii STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ...... iv PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ...... v DEDICATION PAGE ...... vi ABSTRACT ...... vii ABSTRAK ...... viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... xi LIST OF TABLES ...... xiii LIST OF FIGURE ...... xiv LIST OF APPENDICES ...... xv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...... xvi

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ...... 1 A. Research Background ...... 1 B. Research Problems ...... 4 C. Problem Limitation ...... 5 D. Research Objectives ...... 5 E. Research Benefits ...... 5 F. Definition of Terms ...... 7 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ...... 9 A. Theoretical Description ...... 9 1. Sociolinguistics ...... 9 2. Utterance ...... 10 3. Communication ...... 11 4. Translation ...... 12

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5. Code Switching ...... 14 a. Definitions of Code Switching ...... 14 b. Types of Code switching ...... 15 c. Reasons for Code Switching ...... 21 B. Theoretical Framework ...... 27 CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ...... 29 A. Research Method ...... 29 B. Research Setting ...... 30 C. Research Participants ...... 31 D. Research Instruments and Data Gathering Techniques ...... 33 E. Data Analysis Techniques ...... 36 F. Research Procedures ...... 37 CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ...... 39 A. Types of Code Switching ...... 39 B. Reasons for Code Switching ...... 46 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 52 A. Conclusions ...... 52 B. Recommendations ...... 53 REFERENCES ...... 55 APPENDICES ...... 58

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LIST OF TABLES

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Table 3.1 The Date of The Radio Recordings ...... 33 Table 3.2 Types of Code Switching ...... 34 Table 3.3 Reasons for Code Switching ...... 35 Table 4.1 Types of Code Switching Observed by the Researcher ...... 41 Table 4.2 Single words Code Switching Observed by the Researcher ...... 43 Table 4.3 Reasons for Code Switching Observed by the Researcher ...... 48

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LIST OF FIGURE

Page

Figure 2.1 The Process of Translation ...... 13

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Page

Appendix 1. Observation Form of The Types of Code Switching ...... 59

Appendix 2. Observation Form of The Reason for Code Switching ...... 79

Appendix 3. Interview Form ...... 100

Appendix 4. Surat Izin Penelitian ...... 102

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

DIG : Diglossia

SIT : Situational Code Switching

MET : Metaphoric Code Switching

CON : Conversational Code Switching

SIN : Single Word Code Switching

INT : Integrated Loanwords

LIN : Linguistic Deficiency

QUO : Quotation

MES : Message Qualification

ATT : Attraction

SHO : Showing identity with a group

PER : Personalization

SEM : Semantic Significance

MAK : Making a Joke

SOC : Social Status

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

In this introduction chapter, the researcher presents the introduction of the research background, problem formulation, problem limitation, research objectives, and definition of terms. Therefore, the introduction is intended to contribute and describe the background information and rationale of the research.

A. Research Background

Language is a means to communicate with others in everyday life.

According to Lehmann (1982, p. 1), “language acts as a means for us to take our place in society, to express our wants and convey information. Besides, language is also used to learn about people and the whole world around us.” Thus, people cannot be separated from spoken or written language in their daily lives.

People who live in bilingual or multilingual communities may switch to either first or second language in order to smooth information exchange.

According to Crystal (2003, p. 7), “bilingualism has become a worldwide phenomenon that is spreading throughout the world greatly expedited by the rapid development of the media and information technology.” The acquisition of human language also affects the requirement of another language as the need of globalization. One of the languages that have been spreading on the wings of information technology is English.

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One of the social issues that the researcher has captured is that more and more people speak in English in their life. Crystal (2003, p. 4) states that “English is now the language most widely taught as a foreign language in over 100 countries.” It is spoken in different forms of varieties by people over the world.

This language is used in international communication.

English gets embedded in local languages and leads to phenomena like code switching which is a major area of research in sociolinguistics. English is considered to be the key to many doors (Sichyova, 2005, p. 487). This trend is frequent among the educated people of the country, especially young people. They develop a deep sense of the opportunities and advantages of speaking English well.

This kind of code change is a familiar phenomenon in society. Those who have gone through high school and university will have some knowledge of English.

Indonesia shares the same scenario as world where each person uses more than one language in his or her conversation such as Javanese, Indonesian or even

Mandarin languages. Most Indonesian people speak more than one language like

Indonesian language and their mother tongue which can be Javanese, Sundanese,

Balinese or any one of more than 250 dialects spoken around Indonesia

(Wiradisastra, p. 195). Here, English is taught since elementary until university.

As a result, some people are more familiar to use English expressions frequently than have to translate into Indonesian language in daily conversation. There are many ways to learn English, such as listening to music, watching western movie, reading newspaper or directly interacting with foreigner. In this case, learning

English influences people to switch two or more languages in their conversation.

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It is a nature of human to cope with changes, certain circumstances that force someone to use special codes in order to communicate or to use more than one language to another. Moreover, Bullock (2009, p. 2) points out that “the ability and alternate between languages in an unchanged setting within the same utterance is called code-switching”. People switch or even create a new language to meet with changing needs. These phenomena of code switching can be found in the language that is used in a local radio program named the “Sunset Drive” program of Swaragma FM radio. The announcers who presented the music program tended to switch Indonesian language to English during the program. The following example [1] will be the evidence of code switching phenomenon in the

“Sunset Drive” program of Swaragama FM radio.

[1] Sementara untuk album ini Robin Thick sendiri mengatakan bahwa dia ingin lebih banyak bersenang-senang daripada membahas kehidupannya lagi seperti di album-album selanjutnya. Are you ready to have some fun with Robin Thick along this September? because this is our soundtrack of this month. Along this september „give it to you‟ with Robin Thick featuring Cez and Conciz Glamour. Don‟t forget to colour your dream with swaragama fm the soundtrack of your life. (Sunset Drive September 18, 2013)

Radio has an important role such as a medium of communication, report actual events, economics, politics, sports, and entertainment news (Bowers, 2006, p. 7). In the radio program, the radio announcers can find various styles and several of language that can attract the listeners’ attention and make the radio program more interesting. The announcers often switch to English to signal their sophistication and identification with modernity.

This research analyzes code switching in the announcers’ utterances of the

“Sunset Drive” program of Swaragama FM radio. Utterances are a potential data

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for the study of conversational techniques and language styles (Shields, 1992, p.

487). On the other hand, they facilitate the listeners’ unimpeded access to the range of language styles in Indonesian and English used by announcers and their guests. They provide an ideal data base for a study on spontaneous speech. This research uses data transcription from the “Sunset Drive” program as a data for the discussion.

The researcher recognized the phenomena of code switching in the “Sunset

Drive” program. Even announcers who are not very proficient in a foreign language may use brief phrases and words of different languages for this purpose because the program broadcast international and local information along with

Indonesian songs and English songs. The radio announcers often use English words and phrases in this way, whether their knowledge of English is impressive or not. The switches are often very short. Here, it is a signal of inadequate fluency in one language or even both languages. Therefore, the researcher was interested in analyzing the phenomena of language switching in the “Sunset Drive” program of Swaragama FM radio in order to find the types of code switching and the possible reasons why the announcers and his colleagues used code switching in the program.

B. Research Problems

In this study, there are two research problems which can be formulated as follows:

1. What are the types of code-switching used in radio announcers’

utterances of the “Sunset Drive” program of Swaragama FM radio?

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2. What are the reasons for code switching used in the radio announcers’

utterances of the “Sunset Drive” program of Swaragama FM radio?

C. Problem Limitation

This research is limited to the discussion on the types and the reasons for code switching in the “Sunset Drive” program of Swaragama FM radio. The findings of this study cannot be generalized to all announcers due to the small size of the sample chosen in this research, namely the “Sunset Drive” program, the selected sample in one of programs in Swaragama FM radio. As the current study was conducted on September 16 until September 20, 2013, the researcher would like to state that the findings were limited to the time used in this study.

D. Research Objectives

There are two research objectives addressed in this study. The first research objective is to identify the types of code switching used in the radio announcers’ utterances of the “Sunset Drive” program of Swaragama FM radio.

The second objective is to analyze the reasons for the code switching used in radio announcers’ utterances of the “Sunset Drive” program of Swaragama FM radio.

E. Research Benefits

Theoretically the researcher expects that this research contributes as one of pilot studies which can help the future researchers, announcers, and the English language learners who want to study more about code switching in the radio program.

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1. Future Researchers

The finding of the study is expected to give benefits to the future researcher especially students of English Language Education Study Program of Sanata

Dharma University. For the future researchers who will conduct the research that has the same topic, it is hoped that this research would be able to give all the information that another researcher need during the research. This research also gives beneficial contributions for the future researcher to have better knowledge about code switching, particularly its existence in radio program.

2. Announcers

The result of the research hopefully can give information to announcers to improve announcers’ knowledge for the usage of code switching in broadcasting and announcers can create appropriate language utterances for their listeners when presenting their program.

3. English Language Learners

English language learners, particularly English as foreign language (EFL) learners, are expected to know more about the phenomena of code switching in a local radio program. The languages that are used in the radio broadcasting program intend to attract the listeners. The phenomena can be studied more in

Sociolinguistics since the language used of in social life is one of the scopes in sociolinguistics. By knowing the types and possible reasons of code switching found in radio program, the learners are expected to use two or more languages appropriately.

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F. Definition of Terms

There are some terms necessary to be defined in order to understand this research better. Below are some terms relating to the using of code switching within radio broadcasters’ utterances in the “Sunset Drive” program of

Swaragama FM radio.

1. Code Switching

The term code switching refers to a process whereby switching between different language occurs. Gumperz (1996) defines code switching as “alteration among different speech varieties within the same event” (as cited in Holmes 2001, p. 365). These alternation types of code switching have been further defined as code mixing and code switching. According to Couplan and Jaworski (2009, p.

311), “code-switching can be defined as the implementation of at least two or more languages in conversation or utterance.” In this study, code-switching means the changing from one language to another when announcers change topics or when announcers are talking in one or two languages.

2. The “Sunset Drive” Program

The “Sunset Drive” program is one of the programs in Swaragama FM radio owned by Swaragama Group, one of the local radio companies in Indonesia. The

“Sunset Drive” program focuses on its information to the young adult urban female or male world. One of the daily programs that serve everything about youngsters’ world is the “Sunset Drive” program that airs every Monday to Friday from 4 pm until 7 pm. Many features are served by the “Sunset Drive” program for listeners. They are music updates, life styles, news, latest fashion and beauty

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trends, a reference for hangout, self-improvement, career and personal finance, health, and relationship. (Profile of Swaragama FM radio. Retrieved on September

28, 2013 from www.swaragamafm.com)

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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter reviews the theories used in conducting the research. This review of related literature is divided into two sections, namely theoretical description and theoretical framework. The theoretical description describes relevant theories that are used in the research. The theoretical framework provides the major relevant theories to solve the research problems and relate all the theories to the research.

A. Theoretical Description

This section discusses the five major parts of theoretical description, namely the sociolinguistics theories, utterances, communication, translation and code switching theories. The utterance theories discuss the theories that relevant to the utterance cases. The code switching theories consist of the theories which encompass the definition of code-switching, types of code switching, and the reasons of code switching. The theoretical description begins from sociolinguistics focusing on the definition of sociolinguistics in general since code switching is a study under sociolinguistics.

1. Sociolinguistics

People usually communicate through language. The discussion about the language in society is called sociolinguistics. According to Holmes (2001, p. 9),

“sociolinguistics is a term that refers to the study of the relationship between language and society, and how language is used in multilingual speech

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10 communities.” In addition, Radford et al. (1999, p. 16) defines sociolinguistics as

“the study of relationship between language use and the structure of society.”

There are some factors which provide the understanding of both structure and function of language used in a certain condition. They are social background of speaker and listener relationship, context and manner of the interaction (Radford,

1999, p. 16). It means that people can modify their language in a social relationship in order to be clearly understood by the addressee.

Sociolinguists are interested in explaining why people speak differently in different social contexts. “And the effect of social factors such as (social distance, social status, age, gender, class) on language varieties (dialects, registers, genres) and they are concerned by identifying the social functions of language and the way they are used to convey social meanings” (Holmes, 2001, p. 42). It studies on how a language is used in a society, and actually does not discuss a structure of a language. In other words, sociolinguistics is concluded as one of the branches in the linguistics focusing on the study on language used in society which will be the base for this research on code switching.

2. Utterance

This section describes the theories related to utterance, namely the definition of utterance. Carter and Carthy (2006) describe the term utterance to:

The complete communicative units, which may consist of single words, phrases, clauses, and clause combinations spoken in context, in contrast to the term „sentence‟, which it reserves for units consisting of at least one main clause and any accompanying subordinate clauses, and marked by punctuation (capital letters and full stops) in writing (p. 177).

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In spoken language analyzing an utterance is the smallest unit of speech. It is a continuous piece of speech beginning and ending with a clear pause. In the case of oral languages, it is generally but not always bounded by silence. Utterances do not exist in written language, only their representations do. It can be represented and delineated in written language in many ways.

According to Bakhtin (1986, p. 76), there are four accepted properties that utterances should have. The first is boundaries. All utterances must be bounded by a “change of speech subject”. This usually means, as previously mentioned, that they are bounded by silence. The utterance must be either responding or following a previous utterance or generating dialogue. The second is finalization.

An utterance must have a clear ending, and only occurs if the speaker has said everything he or she wishes to say. The third is generic form. The choice of the speech genre is determined based on the specific circumstances and sphere in which the dialogue occurs.

Utterance is a link in the chain of speech communication of a particular sphere (Bakhtin, 1986, p. 91). The boundaries of the utterance are determined by a change of speech subjects. Each utterance refutes affirms, supplements, and relies upon the others, presupposes them to be known, and somehow takes them into account. Therefore, each kind of utterances is filled with various kinds of responsive reactions to other utterances of the given sphere of speech communication. Moreover, regarding this research, the term utterance will be used in the analysis of data and discussion of the research.

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3. Communication

Himstreet and Baty (1984, p. 15) state that, “communication is a process that remains incomplete until the message reaches its destination as undiluted or unchanged as possible.” There should be the transmitter and the receiver. In the process of communication, the process is complete because the messages reach the destination on the receiver. The speaker who will be the transmitter will “send” the message through the language to the receiver. Then, the receiver receives the message. Himsetreet and Baty (1984, p. 16) also provide the theory of human communication in which the information source is the human mind, the transmitter is voice or whatever means human have at their disposal to use in transmitting and the receiver and the final destination are the sensory organs, such as ears, skin, nose, eyes, along with the mind of the recipient of the message.

In this research, which is related to radio announcers‟ utterances, communication is synonymous with information (Dainton & Zelley, 2011, p. 162).

The communication process occurs between the announcers and the listeners of

“Sunset Drive” radio program who receive the messages. The messages transferred are in verbal forms.

4. Translation

There are many definitions of translation. Every expert certainly has his or her own definition based on his or her own perspectives. Newmark (1981, p. 7) defines “translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and or statement in one language by the same message and or statement in another language.” It means that translation is related to written text. In PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI

13 addition, it is used to differentiate with interpretation for oral language. The message or statement in one language should have its translated to target language expression. The expression then should be equivalent in term of semantic

(meaning) and stylistic (the style of language). The equivalent text requires the translation to be as similar as possible in case of delivering message in the source language (SL) to the target language (TL) reader. Bell (1997) defines the definition for “equivalence”:

Texts in different languages can be equivalent in different degrees (fully or partially equivalent, in respect of different levels of presentation (equivalent in respect of context, of semantics, of grammar, of lexis, etc.) and different ranks (word-for-word, phrase-for-phrase, sentence-for-sentence) (p. 6).

There will be no absolute equivalence which can convey meaning to the target language (TL) as similar as in the source language (SL). But at least, it is sufficient to look for the closest equivalence for each word, phrase and sentence in the target language (TL).

Source language text

Analysis

Semantic representation

Synthesis

Target language text

Figure 2.1. The Process of Translation

The figure 2.1 above shows the transformation of a source language text into a target language text. The process takes place in the memory where it analyzes PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI

14 the source language text into a universal semantic representation and synthesizes the semantic representation into the target language text.

5. Code Switching

In this section, the researcher provides some theories in understanding the definitions of code switching, the types of code switching, and the reason for code switching. a. Definitions of Code Switching

According to some linguists, code switching is a product of language alternation in the same utterances. A definition of code switching is given by

Winford (2003, p. 103), “code switching is the alternate use of two languages (or dialects) within the same speech event.” Auer (1998, p. 5) states that the term code switching refers to “the alternation between two or more languages, dialects, or language registers in the course of discourse between people who have more than one language in common.” Therefore, people may use more than one code in speech instead of employing a single code.

People may switch or mix the codes or languages that they use. Generally one of the two languages is dominant which is called matrix language, while the minor language is the embedded language. This change is indeed expected to have the same meaning. In conclusion, the researcher assumes that code switching is a case where the elements of two languages are found in a single utterance. Based on the previous explanation, it can be said that people switch language because they are able to use those languages. Hence, bilingualism is related to code switching. In addition, code switching can be created by adult bilinguals, PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI

15 particularly studied in this research. Code switching is possible to be found in the utterances in adults who acquire two languages or more. b. Types of Code Switching

Every linguist has their own point of view in classifying the types of code switching. Wardaugh (1992, p. 36) classifies three kinds of code switching that may happen in society. They are situational code switching, metaphorical code switching, and conversational code switching. According to Wardhaugh (1992, p.

36), situational code switching happens when the language which is used by a speaker changes according to the situation that is faced by the speaker. The speaker may employ one language in one situation and another language in the different one. The second type is metaphorical code switching. Metaphorical code switching has an affective dimension, for instance formal to informal, official to personal, and serious to humorous. The last type is conversational code switching.

Conversational code switching is the juxtaposition in the same speech exchange of passages of speech belonging to two different grammatical systems or subsystems. This type tends to occur subconsciously as the speakers are motivated by factors when the conversation takes place.

Another classification of code switching is presented by McCormick (1994, p. 582), who states six types of code switching in which the length of the juxtaposed elements and density of language becomes the main point, namely diglossia, situational code-switching, metaphoric code-switching, conversational code switching, single-word code switching and integrated loanwords code switching. PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI

1) Diglossia

The first type of code switching is diglossia. According to Holmes (2001, p.

9), diglossia is “a feature of speech community rather than individuals.” There are two distinctive varieties of code that exist in diglossia communities, namely high

(H) and low (L) variety. High (H) variety is the prestige variety which is used in formal discourse, while low (L) is used in less formal discourse. People may employ H variety in the formal discourse, such as in presentations, interviews, formal correspondences, etc, but then they may switch to L variety when they speak with their close friends, or speak with their family at home. For example,

Singapore, which is an English speaking country, is the most appropriate example of diglossic community. Many Singapore citizens use L variety such as Singapore

English (shortened as Singlish) and Mandarin in their informal interaction with others such as, when they communicate with their families, when they bargain something in the traditional market, or when they interact with neighbors in their neighborhood. However, they also employ H variety, the Standard English, when they present a presentation in classroom or when they take a walk in interview in a corporate.

2) Situational Code Switching

The second type is called situational code switching. It is “the codes may be perceived as different but be equally valued, and similarity the situations may be differentiated on grounds other than prestige” (McCormick, 1994, p. 583). Based on the statement, the language change depends on the circumstances faced by the speaker since different circumstances may encourage the speaker to exchange the PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI

17 language used. It happens when people switch from one code to another for reasons which can be identified and it is happened only in one context and without any change of the topic. For example, an English teacher may talk in English for the whole part of the explanatory speech of a present continuous tense to the first- grade students of junior high school. Unfortunately, the students have not understood about the teacher‟s explanation about the lesson, particularly how to use that tense. Then the teacher re-explains the lesson with Bahasa Indonesia.

This example gives description that situational code switching happens without any change of the topic.

3) Metaphoric Code Switching

This type of code-switching occurs in a conversation in which the role of relationship between the speakers may change. According to McCormick, (1994, p. 583) metaphoric code switching occurs in “whole conversation, each within one role relationship”. For example, a person goes to tax office to sort out her or his tax forms, and fortunately, the tax officer is her or his neighbor. Then, at first this person may greet the tax officer with their local language, their daily language, but then the person changes her or his language into the formal one to affirm her or his purpose to come to the tax office, which is to sort out her or his tax forms.

At this point, the person changes the role of relationship from personal to official.

In the other hand, the role of relationship between the speakers in a conversation may change.

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4) Conversational Code Switching

The fourth type is conversational code switching, in which “its occurrence is not dependant on a change of interlocutors‟ topic or situation” (McCormick, 1994, p. 583). There are three smaller types of conversational code switching which allows the speaker to juxtapose various lengths of foreign language elements in her or his utterances. Those three types of code-switching are phrase code switching, clause code switching and whole sentence code switching.

The first type of conversational code switching is clause code switching that happened within a sentence in a form of a clause. Sinclair (2001, p. 204) states that clause is “a group of words, consisting of a subject and a predicate including a finite verb, that does not necessarily constitute a sentence.” It means that phrase is may be either group of words that includes a subject and predicate forming a sentence (independent clause) or a sentence like construction in another sentence

(dependent clause).

The second type of conversational code switching is phrase code switching.

According to McCormick (1994, p. 583), “chunks within the utterance are called phrase code switching”. Here, phrase is a group of words that forming a unit in a sentence. The phrase could be noun phrase, adjective phrase, adverbial phrase, verb phrase or prepositional phrase.

The third type of conversational code switching is called whole sentence code switching. Malik (1994, p. 11) states, “the juxtaposed element is a whole sentence in length, it is called a whole sentence code switching”. This kind of code switching could be recognized if there are signs such as full stop (.), comma PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI

(,), question mark (?), or exclamation (!). Thus, whole sentence code switching is a group of words that consist of a statement, question, or a command that begins with a capital letter and ends with a full stop to form a full sentence.

5) Single Word Code Switching

Another term for this type is lexical borrowing. This type of code-switching allows a speaker to use only single word from another language and put it within her or his native language utterances (McCormick, 1994, p. 585). Below is one example of this type of code switching can be seen like this, the announcer is placing an English single word within her native language utterance.

a) Kalo kamu bisa menjawab kamu boleh request dua lagu. [If you answer correctly, you can request two songs]. (Sunset Drive September 18, 2013)

It is clear from the example given that the speaker substitutes an Indonesian word with an English word. In the example, the announcer translates Indonesian word „minta’ with an English word „request‟.

6) Integrated Loanwords

This type of code switching happens in a morpheme level (McCormick,

1994). It means that a speaker may integrate a word from a foreign language with affixes of her or his native language to form a certain language expression. The example of this type of code switching can be seen in this sentence, which involves Indonesia and English language. From the example, the speaker combines an Indonesian prefix „di’ with an English word „reject‟.

a) Tapi, di-reject sama Blue, if you do not come back [But, it is rejected by Blue, if you do not come back]. (Sunset Drive September 18, 2013)

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On the other hand, according to Romaine (1995, p. 122) there are three types of code switching such as inter-sentential switching, inter-sentential switching and tag-switching. Tag switching is the insertion of a tag in one language into an utterance which is otherwise entirely in the other language

(Romaine, 1995, p. 122). Intra-sentential switching is a code switching that occurs within a sentence. This kind of code switching can be in a form of a single word, a phrase, or a clause. Moreover, inter-sentential code switching is code switching which occurs between sentences. The example of inter-sentential code switching and intra-sentential can be shown in the following case. a) Intra Sentential Switching Awal-awal kadang-kadang bilang aku ga bisa nge-reject karena udah punya mantan lagi come back in my life. [At the beginning, sometimes you say I cannot reject because I have my ex come back in my life]. b) Inter Sentential Switching Satu lagu ini yang kita puterin. This is one direction with „best song ever‟ special for you. [This song that we are playing. This is one direction with „best song ever‟ special for you]. c) Tag Switching You know, diakan artis yang selalu gonta-ganti pasangan itu. [You know, he is the artist who always changing his partner]. (Sunset Drive September 19, 2013)

According Asher (1994, p. 128), there are six types of code switching.

Those types are diglossia, single word code switching, phrase code switching, sentence code switching, clause code switching and integrated loanwords. This type of code switching is based on the length of juxtaposed elements of PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI

21 utterances. Therefore, in this study, the researcher combines six types of code switching based on the theories proposed by Asher (1994) and McCormick (1994) which have been stated previously. c. The Reasons for Code Switching

People switch their language from one language to another language with some reasons. According to Gumperz (1982, p. 75), “code switching is used to build an effective communication between people who are involved”. Gumperz

(1982) proposed some reasons of code switching. They are quotation, addressee specification, message qualification, personalization and facility of expression.

1. Quotation

Code switching refers to this reason when a subject of code switching quotes themselves and others to state slogan or maxim, and to sound more credible to be addresses. This is a proof that what he is saying is a fact and the addressee has to believe it. As an example, when a speaker said “I swear kalau ternyata dia sudah….”, the code switching words “I swear” form a quotation that is quoted by the announcer from experts indirectly to sound more credible to the listeners to believe him.

2. Addressee Specification

In this second reason, this type of code switching aims to direct message to a specific person. “This type of switching is recognizing not only the interacting members of the speech events but it is recognizing that their language act may be more than merely a matter of individual‟s preference or facility, but also a matter of role relations” (Gumperz, 1982, p. 78). As an example, in the “Sunset Drive” PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI

22 program, there is a word bro. This word “bro” is used to call people who are listeners of the music program so the announcers and the listeners sound closer.

The word „bro‟ is a shorten term for „brother‟. It is usually used among youngsters to call a young man who is familiarized.

3. Message Qualification

Message qualification deals with the switching that consists of qualifying constructions, such as clauses, phrases and sentence (Gumperz, 1982, p. 79). The main message is sometimes in Bahasa Indonesia and in English. When it is in

Bahasa Indonesia, the following English phrases or sentences are used to qualify message or vice versa. As an example, “Dia sedang menyusun makalah untuk tentang disability people around the world”. Here, the main message is in

Indonesian, while the English phrase serves to give more information to the reader what the paper is about.

5. Personalization

The switching reflects personal opinions, feeling, and knowledge of the speaker. As some English expressions are familiar in some situations and contexts, a speaker might feel that English is more personal when talking about a difficult situation and therefore it describes his feeling better. Some English expressions such as “I miss you” and “I love you” are commonly found. People find it strange and awkward to say “Aku rindu kamu” or “aku cinta kamu”. These expressions are not commonly found in real life. Therefore, people tend to use

English expressions as it is more convention and does not look strange.

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6. Facility of Expression

In accordance with this study, this kind of reason refers to the lack of

Indonesian equivalence for certain words in English. For example, the words

“online”, “browser” and “server” do not have exact equivalent words in Bahasa

Indonesia. Thus people tend to use the original English words.

In order to have more understanding about the reasons for code switching, the writer also referees theories proposed by another linguist. According to Malik

(1994, p. 16), there are ten communicative reasons of code switching. These reasons are lack of facility, lack of register, mood of the speaker, emphasizing a point, habitual experience, semantic significance, showing identity with a group, addressing a different audience, pragmatic reasons, and attraction. Each will be described in the following pages.

1. Lack of Facility

Malik (1994, p. 10) defines that “bilinguals or multilingual often explain that they code switch when they cannot find an appropriate expression or vocabulary item or when the language of conversation does not have the particular word needed to carry on the conversation smoothly”. In accordance with this research, this reason is related to the lack of equivalent words in Bahasa

Indonesia. The writer offered an example below

“Seafood adalah makanan langka di musim penghujan” [Seafood is a rare food in rainy season].

From this example, the word “seafood” has familiar meaning rather than the equivalent word in Bahasa Indonesia “makanan hasil laut”. Thus, people tend to use the original English words “seafood”. In addition, lack of facility also refers to PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI

24 the habitual English expressions which are used in some contexts and situations.

There are many English expressions commonly used in Indonesia. As a result, this kind of situation creates a tendency in which people use English expression rather than equivalent expressions in Bahasa Indonesia.

2. Lack of Register

It is the condition in which a speaker is not equally competent in two languages, and when the speaker does not know the terms in two languages. In certain occupation code switching takes place in the speech of doctors, lawyers, engineers while they interact among themselves owing to the fact that proper terms in Bahasa Indonesia or in any other language other than English may not be available to them. As a result, people employ the English term that they use familiar with, for example in this case below.

[3] Tadi itu yang falsetto yang bagian belakangnya doang, saya yang nambahin. [The falsetto is just in the ending part, I add some]. (Sunset Dive September 18, 2013)

3. Mood of the Speaker

Malik (1994, p. 17) claims that when bilinguals are tired or angry, code switching takes place with a new dimension. This means, when the speaker is in the certain state of mind, he/she can spontaneously find the certain English expressions that can represent his annoyance. In the writer‟s opinion, this reason also emphasizes on personal expression or feeling of the speaker toward situation.

4. Emphasizing a Point

Switching is also used to emphasize a certain point of information. Auer

(1998, p. 275) reports several instances in which a switch at the end of an PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI

25 argument not only helps to and the interaction but may serve to emphasize a point.

In this case the switching aims to give a stress and to add more force to the statement.

5. Habitual Experience

Malik (1994, p. 19) stresses the fact that “code switching often occurs in fixed phrases of greeting and parting, commands and request, invitation, expressions of gratitude and discourse markers.” In this reason, people use code switching because the expressions used have been a habitual experience in daily life. For example, the announcer opens the program, “Good afternoon listeners.

Ketemu lagi dengan saya.” In this case, “good afternoon” is considered as habitual experience since it is an example of greeting expression.

6. Semantic Significance

All stress that switching at a particular moment conveys semantically significant information (Gumperz 1982, p. 171). It is a communicative resource that builds on participant‟s perception of two languages. Drawing upon this quotation, switching may also serve as an implicit purpose which is only known by particular speakers in certain specific information.

7. Showing Identity with a Group

Pietro (1977, as cited in Malik, 1994, p. 20) states that Italian immigrants would tell a joke in English and give the punch line in Italian, not only because it was better said in Italian but also to stress the fact that they all belong to the same minority group, with shared values and experiences.

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8. Addressing a Different Audience

Malik (1994, p. 21) states that “Code switching is also used when the speaker intends to address people coming from various linguistic backgrounds.”

The writer gives an illustration as the example, Yosie, who is Javanese, was talking to Bagas, who is also Javanese. They were accustomed to use Bahasa

Jawa in their conversation. During the conversation, suddenly Simatupang was not being able to speak Bahasa Jawa, Yosie and Bagas directly switched the language into Bahasa Indonesia. It aimed to make Simatupang could be able to join in the discussion.

9. Pragmatic Reason

Sometimes the alternation between two languages is highly meaningful in terms of the conversational context. Gumperz (1970, as cited in Grosjean, 2001, p.

152) notes that switching may emphasize varying degrees between speakers. As an example, a Javanese student was talking with his lecturer at campus. In some expression, he switched the language with krama alus in order to have a more polite meaning than used Bahasa Indonesia. In addition, this switching is used to show respect to the addressee.

10. Attraction

Malik (1994, p. 22) shows that in advertisement (both in oral and written), code switching is used to attract attention of readers or listeners. In advertisement in Indonesia (both spoken and written), it is found that there are many code switching occurrence. For instance, an advertisement promotes the campaign of

Clear hair model, “Clear Hair Model 2013, jadilah terkenal dengan rambut kuat PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI

27 dan indahmu!” [Clear Hair Model 2013, be more famous with your strong and beautiful hair]. From this example, the words “Hair Model” are used to attract and to ensure readers that the product is fabulous.

Some additional reasons for code switching are explained by Holmes (2001, pp. 25–26), there are social distance, status relationship, formality and function or goal of the interaction. A particular topic may be discussed in one code than another. Those reasons why people use code-switching in society, whether consciously and unconsciously, will give impact to the using of language in communication itself. The efficiency of using language makes interaction and communication more efficient than using translated version which probably takes longer explanation. As a result, people who have consideration in more than one language will get more chance to deal with wider community.

B. Theoretical Framework

This research investigated code switching phenomena of the radio announcers‟ utterances used in the “Sunset Drive” program of Swaragama FM.

There are two research problems in this study, namely the types of code switching used in the “Sunset Drive” program and the reasons for using code switching in the “Sunset Drive” program. The major theories that have been stated previously are used by the researcher to solve the research problems stated before in this research. Here are the basic theories in this theoretical framework.

To solve the first research question, the researcher used the theory on types of code-switching from Asher (1994) and McCormick (1994). There are six types of code switching, namely diglossia, single word code switching, integrated PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI

28 loanwords code switching, situational code switching, metaphoric code switching, and conversational code switching. Moreover, conversational code switching will be classified into three smaller units, namely phrase code switching, clause code switching and whole sentence code switching. Based on the provided theories, the researcher attempts to identify the types of code switching used by the radio announcers‟ in the “Sunset Drive” program. All code switching collected will be classified based on the theories.

In answering the second research question which deals with the reasons for code switching, the researcher used the theory by Malik (1994) and Gumperz

(1982). They are nine reasons for code switching. The researcher attempts to classify the announcers‟ utterances used in the “Sunset Drive” program into some categories, namely linguistic deficiency, quoting someone statement, message qualification, attraction, social status, showing identity with a group, personalization, semantic significance and making a joke. Afterwards, the researcher will identify each category is the possible reasons used in the “Sunset

Drive” program. This theory will be the based to accomplish the reasons for code switching among radio announcers in the “Sunset Drive” program of Swaragama

FM radio. The researcher found that Malik‟s theories (1994) have similarity with the theory proposed by Gumperz (1982). As mentioned above that the theories which are elaborated will be the framework for this research to analyze. It is expected that all theories presented can help the writer to answer the research problems. PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methodology used in this research to solve the research problems. This chapter consists of six subunits. The first subunit is the research method implemented in the research. The second subunit is the research setting. The third presents the research participants to collect the data. The fourth is the research instruments to analyze the data. The fifth is the data gathering techniques. The sixth part of this chapter is data analysis technique. The last part is the research procedures in this research. This chapter is used as a reference to see how the research was done and how the researcher analyzed the data to answer the problems.

A. Research Method

This research is qualitative research. Qualitative research provides the researcher to explore feelings, opinions and experience of people who involve in the research. This condition is in line with Ary et al. (2002, p. 453) state that

“qualitative research did not generally try to test the hypothesis but to seek the information to describe “what exist” in a situation.” Here, qualitative research investigates the quality of relationship, activities, or materials in social phenomena. This research was research of social phenomena, namely code switching of radio announcers’ utterances used in the “Sunset Drive” program of

Swaragama FM.

29 PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI

One type of qualitative research is document analysis. Since this study was conducted to comprehend written language phenomena in society, in this research the utterances transcription, the method used in this research was document analysis. Leedy and Omrod (2005, p. 142) explain that a document analysis is,

“typically performed on form of human communication, including books, newspapers, films, television, art, music, videotapes of human interactions, and transcript of conversation.” In document analysis, the materials, such as reports, books, newspapers, films, television, art, music, videotapes of human interactions, and transcript of conversation, might be used as the sources of data. The data for this information was in the form of words from the participants’ utterances in the

“Sunset Drive” program. This made this research qualitative.

B. Research Setting

The research was conducted in the “Sunset Drive” program of Swaragama

FM radio. The “Sunset Drive” program is one of the programs in Swaragama FM radio owned by Swaragama Group, one of the local companies of radio in

Indonesia. The “Sunset Drive” program focuses on its information to the young adult urban female or male world. The “Sunset Drive” program airs every

Monday to Friday from 4 PM until 7 PM. There are two main radio announcers in this program and two additional announcers. Many features are served by “Sunset

Drive” for listeners. Those are music updates, life styles, news, latest fashion and beauty trends, a reference for hangout, self-improvement, career and personal finance, health, and relationship. Swaragama FM becomes a source for the target listeners who are the modern active youngsters of Indonesia, about 18 years old

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31 until 30 years old, who are aware of global trends and having value as the identity as Indonesia youngsters. It was first aired on February 27, 2000. The mottos of this radio are smart, mature, fun and friendly. It is always updating the information about what is something new in youngsters’ world. The information in the radio provides the listeners with fun information on matters related to music, education, entertainment, career, and health. (Source: Profile of

Swaragama FM radio)

The sources of the data were the radio announcers’ utterances that had been collected from September 16 to September 20, 2013. There were five recordings taken from the “Sunset Drive” program because the researcher only got a permission to record the program during that time. The researcher chose five editions of topics discussed in the program because the “Sunset Drive” program is five days daily program and the researcher found the phenomena of code switching during those editions.

C. Research Participants

The participants of this study were two main announcers and two additional announcers. The four announcers lived in Yogyakarta, X1, X2, X3, and X4. Most of the announcers graduated from one of Universities in Yogyakarta. Most of the announcers used Bahasa Indonesia and Bahasa Jawa in their daily communication. When they talked in the radio program, sometimes they switched

Bahasa Indonesia into English. They learned English since elementary until

University. The announcers were the participant of this study. For supporting the results, the researcher interviewed the participants. The researcher interviewed

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32 few of the participants to get their background that caused them to switch languages. Based on the information about their background, the researcher found that they learned English only at school and used Bahasa Indonesia or Bahasa

Jawa to communicate. However, during the broadcasting in the radio, they often created switch utterances subconsciously when talking with listeners or other announcers. (Interview on July 8, 2014)

The principle of this research consisted of recording the transcript of interaction between the radio broadcasters and listeners in various situations during the program. This study, however, only used the code-switching of the subject investigated in five recordings with different topics, for instance graduation, jobseeker, falling in love, Wednesday diary and music. Since the announcers’ utterances in radio program were too broad to be used as a whole, the researcher classified the utterances based on the day of publication and the topics.

The announcers’ recordings were presented in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1. The Data of the Radio Recordings

No The Announcers Date of the recording Topic 1 X1, X2, X4, X3 September 16, 2013 Graduation 2 X1, X2, X3, X4 September 17, 2013 Falling in love 3 X1, X2, X3, X4 September 18, 2013 Wednesday diary 4 X1, X2, X3, X4 September 19, 2013 Jobseeker/ banking 5 X1,X2,X3, X4 September 20, 2013 Music

Notes X1 : Announcer 1 X2 : Announcer 2 X3 : Announcer 3 X4 : Announcer 4

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D. Research Instruments and Data Gathering Technique

Data needed for this research were in the form of transcription in the

“Sunset Drive” program of Swaragama FM. The information about background information, announcers’ opinion and working environment were to be drawn and analyzed to answer the problem formulations. To obtain the data for this research, observation forms and interview were used. The researcher decided to use these two kinds of instruments for their effectiveness and efficiency. Observation forms will provide detail hints about announcers, while interview will provide deep answer to the announcers’ perception and background towards code switching.

The following parts provide more explanation about them.

1. Observation Forms

The first instrument to collect the research data was observation. The researcher used observation forms as the guideline used for recording data. There were two kinds of observation sheet, namely, observation forms for types of code switching and the reasons of code switching. The researcher classified the code switching categories in Table 3.2 and 3.3. All the observation sheets were intended to discover detailed information about the announcers’ code switching production. They covered notes about the announcers’ code switching production and the date of the occurring products. Table 3.2 was used for answering the first research problem regarding the types of code switching used in the data. The data were classified in the Table 3.2 based on each type of code switching. There were six types of code switching that were used for classifying the data. Those six types of code switching are based on the theories from McCormick (1994) and Asher

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(1994). Each type of code switching is given a code, for instance diglossia was given DIG. The other codes could be shown in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2. The Blueprint of the Types of Code Switching Adapted from McCormick (1994) and Asher (1994)

Date CS case Types of Code Switching DIG SIT MET CON SIN INT

TOTAL

Notes DIG : Diglossic SIN : Single Word Code Switching CON : Conversational Code Switching SIT : Situational Code Switching MET : Metaphoric Code Switching INT : Integrated Loanwords CS : Code-Switching

Table 3.3 was used to collect the reasons for code switching used in the“Sunset Drive” program. There are six types of possible reasons that are shown in the table 3.3. To answer the second research question, the researcher collected the data from the classification by relating them to the existing theories. The theories used were the theories about the reasons for code switching by Malik

(1994) and Gumperz (1982). The table for collecting the reasons for code switching was shown in Table 3.3.

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Table 3.3. The Blueprint of the Reasons for Code Switching Adapted from Malik (1994) and Gumperz (1982)

The Reasons for Code Switching

Date Code Switching case L Q M A S P S M S I U E T H E E A O N O S T O R M K C

Total

Notes LIN : Linguistic Deficiency QUO : Quotation MES : Message Qualification ATT : to attract attention SHO : to show identity with a group PER : Personalization SEM : Semantic Significance MAK : Making a Joke SOC : Social Status

2. Interview In order to support the data collected from the observation forms, the researcher conducted a focused interview with the two main announcer of the

“Sunset Drive” program. According to Cresswell (2009, p. 107) states that a focused interview is an interview which is done in a short period of time that allows the interviewer to follow a certain set of questions. Therefore, a focused interview only requires a short period of time because it allows the interviewer to refer to a set of questions prepared previously. The interview was conducted in

Yogyakarta on 8 July, 2014 and was recorded in form of notes. The interview sheets attempted to give notes the background of the announcers and information about the attitude of the announcer towards code switching. The list of the interview of this research can be seen in Appendix 3.

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E. Data Analysis Techniques

In qualitative research, there are general steps that are used to analyze the data. The researcher used three basic steps by Miles and Huberman (1994, pp. 10-

11). The steps were elaborated as follows.

1. Data Reduction

In this step, the researcher decided the sample that would be used in this research. It means that the selected sample was believed to provide necessary information for the research. The sample used were announcers’ utterances of the

“Sunset Drive” program in Swaragama FM radio, issued on September 2013. The data used in this research were the transcript of the announcers’ utterances used in the “Sunset Drive” program. Firstly, the researcher made the codes of the types of code switching, for instance, one of the types of code switching, namely single word code switching was given a code SIN. Miles and Huberman (1994, p. 11) explain, data reduction is a form of analysis that sharpens, sorts, focuses, discards, and organizes data in such a way that “final” conclusion can be drawn and verified. After coding the types of code switching and the possible reason of code switching, the researcher filtered the data and reduced the data set of an entire data set by listing their categories of code switching.

2. Data Display

The next step was displaying the announcers’ utterances. In presenting the data, the data were prepared and organized, the researcher put the data into two tables. The first table would be analyzed to answer the first research problem. The second table was used to answer the second problem formulation.

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3. Conclusion Drawing and Verification

After conducting the two steps, the last step of the research was conclusion drawing and verification. The researcher analyzed the major answer from the observation forms and interview related to the types of the code switching in the

“Sunset Drive” program. Then, the researcher analyzed the reasons for code switching used in the “Sunset Drive” program. The researcher then wrote up the report based on the result of the data analysis. Here, the report was not numerical or statistical data. Instead, the researcher used words to explain the result of the research.

G. Research Procedures

In conducting the research, the researcher made a general procedure to follow, so that the researcher could conduct the research effectively and efficiently to get the answers of the problems. The procedure can be elaborated as follows.

The first step, the researcher decided the topic that was going to be discussed. The second step, after deciding the topic, the researcher designed the observation forms to accommodate the data of code switching cases with theories from Asher (1994) and McCormick (1994). The third step, the researcher collected the data from the transcription of selected target recordings of the

“Sunset Drive” program. The fourth steps, the code switching cases of code switching were listed in each group of types of code switching in Table 3.2 using the theories from Asher (1994 and Mc Cormick (1994). The fifth step, the researcher analyzed the reasons for code switching found in the radio announcers’

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38 utterances were listed in the observation form Table 3.3 using the reasons for code switching from Gumperz (1982) and Malik (1994). The sixth step, the researcher translated the examples of code switching in English. The seventh step, the results of the previous steps was concluded based on the findings. The last step, the researcher wrote the report and conclusion(s) from the result of the research.

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CHAPTER IV

RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the research findings obtained by the researcher and the discussion of the data. There are two main parts of this chapter. This first part contains the discussion on the types of code switching. The second part discusses the reasons for code switching.

A. Types of Code Switching in the “Sunset Drive” Program

The first problem discussed in this research was the types of code switching of the radio announcers‟ utterances used in the “Sunset Drive” program of

Swaragama FM radio. According to the types of code switching that the researcher proposed to discuss in this study, there were six types of code switching. The researcher used the six types of code switching that were proposed by Asher (1994) and McCormick (1994). They were diglossic code switching

(DIG), single word code switching (SIN), situational code switching (SIT), metaphoric code switching (MET), integrated loanword code switching(INT) and conversational code switching (CON) which were divided into smaller unit, namely phrase code switching, clause code switching, and whole sentence code switching.

This part presents data findings from the observations conducted by the researcher. The types of code-switching cases were illustrated in table 4.1 and for more details see Appendix 1.

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Table 4.1. Types of Code Switching Adapted from McCormick (1994) and Asher (1994) Date Code Switching Case Types of Code Switching DIG SIT MET CON SIN INT Sept This September onSwaragma FM. √ 16, Colour your dream and reach your 2013 goal. Goes your life and day. Setelah berjuang akhirnya datang hari kemenangan. Sept Aduh kenceng amat headset-nya √ 16, 2013 Sept Swaragama fm the soundtrack of √ 16, your life.Drew dengan “radio” 2013 Sept Nanti bu, jangan terlalu visioner jadi √ 16, orang 2013 Sept Mention dulu twitternya √ √ 16, @swaragamafm kemudian Line sama 2013 kakaotalk searchID-nya di swaragama fm. Aduh ini yang mau diputer tiga hari kemudian ya?...(hahaha)

From Table 4.1, the data findings were carefully analyzed in terms of types of code switching by applying some theories on code switching proposed by

Asher (1994) and McCormick (1994) used to give an explanation about the types of code switching. After doing the calculation, the researcher found number of code switching cases that were used in this research. In fact, there were three types of code switching were not found in announcers‟ utterances of the “Sunset

Drive” program. There were diglossia code switching, situational code switching, and methaporic code switching.

Situational code switching and metaphoric code switching were not found in the announcers‟ utterances of the “Sunset Drive” program. According to

McCormic (1994), situational code switching and metaphoric code switching

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41 happen when someone code switches in whole conversations. Here, situational code switching happens when someone code switches in the whole conversation in one context, meanwhile metaphoric code switching happens when someone code switches in whole conversation even in different context. However, the announcers of the “Sunset Drive” program did not code switch in the whole conversation, neither in one context nor in different context.

Diglossia code switching was also not found in the announcers‟ utterances of the “Sunset Drive” program because the language was not used high function

(H) and low function (L). This research only focused on one way, from the announcers to the listeners.

The other three types of code switching were found in the announcers‟ utterances of the “Sunset Drive” program. Those were single word code switching

(SCS), integrated loanwords code switching (ILC) and conversational code switching which was classified into three smaller types, namely clause code switching, phrase code switching and whole sentence code switching.

There were three types of code switching in the announcers‟ utterances of the “Sunset Drive” program which became the framework for the researcher to conduct the research. The three types of code switching were adopted from Asher

(1994) and McCormick (1994) used to give an explanation about the types of code switching. There were single word code switching, integrated loan words, and conversational code switching. The explanation of each type could be presented in the following parts.

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1. Single Word Code Switching

The first type of code switching was single word code switching. As the researcher investigated the length of juxtaposed utterances, this type of code switching had only one word to be substituted.

Table 4.2. Single words Code Switching Observed by the Researcher No Date Code Switching Announcers‟ utterances 1 September congratulations, semoga habis ini pada ngedapetin pekerjaan impian ya. 16, 2013 [Congratulations, we wish you will get your dream job]. 2 September mention dulu twitternya @swaragamafm. 16, 2013 [First mention the twitter @swaragamafm]. 3 September nanti kita telfon dan bisa request dua lagu secara berturut-turut. 16, 2013 [We will cal you and you can request two songs continually]. 4 September Satu hal yang membuat album repakcage luar biasa adalah nantinya akan 16, 2013 ada dua versi album. [One thing that makes this repackage album amazing is there will be two albums version]. 5 September (hahaha)..headset aku miring. 16, 2013 [hahaha)..my headset slides]. 6 September Kalo mau dibikin sirkuit balap itu aku cuma set...set, sprint ya kan. 16, 2013 [If it is become race circuit, I just run sprint, right]. 7 September jadi silahkan start sekarang juga di www.rexona.com. 16, 2013 [Please start now at www.rexona.com]. 8 September bodyguard gue lagi sama-sama pacaran sama sesama bodyguard. 16, 2013 [My bodyguard is dating out with bodyguard as well]. 9 September Yang lain menyebut ini lagu hits tapi kami menyebutnya soundtrack 16, 2013 hidupmu. [Others call it as a hit song but we call it as the soundtrack of your life. Swaragama FM plays the soundtrack of your life for 24 hours].

The examples in Table 4.2 were considered as the case of single word code switching. It could be seen that the announcers used English words to be inserted into Indonesian structure. The utterances used by the announcers using

Bahasa Indonesia as the main language. Table 4.2 illustrated that the speaker may switch a speech event to discuss a particular topic (Holmes, 2001, p. 37).

Bilinguals or multilinguals often found it easier to discuss particular topics in one code rather than another. For many bilinguals or multilinguals, certain kinds of referential content were more appropriately or more easily expressed in one

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43 language than other. The announcers, for instance, found it easier to use English for topics they associated with music. This was partly because they had learned the vocabulary of music in English, so they did not always know the words for

“request” in Indonesian (see Table 4.2). They often switch to English for considerable stretches of speech.

According to McCormick (1994, p. 36), “single word code switching

(SWO) is type of code-switching that allows a speaker to use only single word from another language and put it within her or his native language utterances”.

There were 72 cases of single word code switching in the announcers‟ utterances of the “Sunset Drive” program. Therefore, single word code switching was the most frequent unit of language in the types of code switching. The evidence could be explained from this case.

[4] Mereka ni kalo ngeluarin apapun pasti jadi hits. [If they release anything, it must be hits]. [5] Tadi tu yang falsetto yang bagian belakangnya doang, saya yang nambahin. Itu yang nambah-nambahin. [At that time the ending was only the falsetto, I just added it]. (Sunset Drive September 19, 2013)

From the examples [4], the announcer substituted an Indonesian word with an English word such as sukses with a word „hits‟. The word falsetto in the utterance [5] was used by the announcer because it was easy to understand rather than the translation in Bahasa Indonesia was „suara buatan bernada tinggi‟.

Therefore, the announcer switched from the Indonesian language into Italian.

2. Conversational Code Switching

The second type of code switching was conversational code switching.

Conversational code switching allows the speaker to juxtapose various length of

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44 foreign elements within his or her speech (McCormick, 1994, p. 583). In this research, conversational code switching was classified into three smaller types.

There were phrase code switching, clause code switching, and whole sentence code switching. a. Phrase Code Switching

Phrase code switching was the first type of conversational code switching.

According to McCormick (1994, p. 583), “chunks within the utterance are called phrase code switching”. Phrase is a group of words forming unit of meaning in a sentence. Phrase consists of two or more words. The English phrases that were found in the “Sunset Drive” program were categorized as phrase code switching.

The phrase could be noun phrase, adjective phrase, adverbial phrase, verb phrase or prepositional phrase. These cases showed that the noun phrases were in the

“Sunset Drive” program.

[6]Bener banget, it is Friday again. This September on Swaragama FM. Live orange, Color your dream live on the right track and make a change. [That is right, it is Friday again. This September on Swaragama FM. Live orange, Color your dream live on the right track and make a change].

(Sunset Drive September 20, 2013) b. Clause Code Switching

The third type of code switching was clause code switching. Moreover, if the length of juxtaposed element is a clause, it is a clause code switching. This type of code switching could be identified by seeking the conjunction proceeding the clause, for instance and, or, but. This is the example of the “Sunset Drive” program.

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[7] But everybody is deserved to have second chance, right? Or even give a break, beneran maksudku gini...kamu harus bisa ngeliat kalo dia sekali selingkuh ya kamu omongi dulu. [But everybody is deserved to have second chance, right? Or even give a break, truthfully I mean, you have to notice if he had affair once, you should talk about it first]. c. Whole Sentence Code Switching

The next type of conversational code switching is whole sentence code switching. Malik (1994, p. 584) states, “the juxtaposed element is a whole sentence in length, it is called a whole sentence code switching”. This kind of code switching could be recognized if there are signs such as full stop (.), comma

(,), question mark (?), or exclamation (!). The researcher provides an example of whole sentence code switching found in this research. There is an example of announcers‟ utterances in the “Sunset Drive” program.

[8] Sementara untuk album „Truth lie‟ sendiri Robin Thick sendiri mengatakan bahwa dia ingin lebih banyak bersenang-senang daripada membahas kehidupannya lagi seperti di album-album sebelumnya. Are you ready to have some fun with Robin Thick along this September? because this is our soundtrack of the month. Don‟t forget to colour your dream with Swaragama FM the soundtrack of your life. [While for the album „Truth Lie‟, Robin Thick says that he wants to have more fun than discuss about his life again like in his previous albums. Are you ready to have some fun with Robin Thick along this September? because this is our soundtrack of the month. Don‟t forget to colour your dream with Swaragama FM the soundtrack of your life].

(Sunset Drive September 20, 2013)

From the sample [8] above, the announcers switch from Indonesian sentences into

English sentences with a sign full stop (.). In this case, the announcer gave information about western singer who became the soundtrack of the month.

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Therefore, the announcers switched from Indonesian sentences to English sentences so the listener had better comprehension of the message delivered.

3. Integrated Loanwords

The fifth type of code switching was integrated loanwords code switching.

This type of code switching involves both languages in one word. In this case, the radio announcers combined English word with Indonesian affixes or suffixes, for instance [request-nya] and [di-request] in these utterances during the radio program. The cases showed that the words were English but they were combined with Indonesian affix – di as if it was the participle form of Indonesian word.

[9] Ada Beno, mungkin request-nya lain. Jangan yang itu Beno. [There is Beno, another request maybe. Not that one, Beno]. [10] Kayak satu ini yang udah di-request sama Anita. [It is like this one that has been requested by Anita]. (Sunset Drive September 18th, 2013)

In this part, the researcher provides the discussions and the analyses of each types of code-switching used by radio announcers in the “Sunset Drive” program.

From the discussion above, the researcher discovered that there were three types of code switching in announcers‟ utterances of the “Sunset Drive” program. Those were single word code switching, integrated loanwords code switching and conversational code switching which were divided into smaller unit ,namely phrase code switching, clause code switching and whole sentence code switching.

B. The Reasons of Code Switching Used by Radio Announcers in the “Sunset

Drive” program

This part is to answer the second research objective that is the most possible reason of code-switching used by radio announcers in Sunset Drive. Generally

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47 there are seven possible reasons for the use of code-switching in radio announcers‟ utterances. The result was presented in the following Table 4.3.

Table 4.3. The Reasons for Code switching Adapted from Malik (1994) and Wardaugh (1992)

Reasons Total Case Quoting someone statement 15 Qualifying message 72 Personalization 78 Linguistics deficiency 67 Solidarity with a group 20 Attraction 28 Total 280

Table 4.3 provided the reasons of code-switching used by radio announcers in “Sunset Drive” Swaragama FM. They were quoting someone statement, qualifying message, personalization, linguistics deficiency, solidarity with a group, and attraction. Based on the data, the researcher found out that personalization was the most frequent reason used by radio announcers in five issues of “Sunset Drive” with 78 cases discovered. The result of the second research problem could be presented in the following parts.

1. Linguistic Deficiency

Firstly, the reason of code switching was linguistic deficiency. Linguistic deficiency deals when the speaker does not know the terms in two languages

(Malik, 1994, p. 16). According the personal interview with the announcers, they changed the word to another language when there were lacks of vocabulary in one language. For instance in the utterance [12], the announcer used the term soundtrack to replace musik latar when he talked about hits song. He used that term since the term is commonly used than the translation.

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[11] Aduh kenceng amat headset-nya. [Oh my! The headset is so loud]. [12]Yang lain menyebut ini lagu hit tapi kami menyebutnya soundtrack hidupmu. Swaragam FM 24 jam memutarkan soundtrack hidupmu. [Others call it as a hit song but we call it as the soundtrack of your life. Swaragama FM plays the soundtrack of your life for 24 hours]. [13] Gilakan bridging saya. [How amazing my bridging is]. In the case [11] and [13], the announcer used the word headset-nya and bridging to discuss about broadcasting terms. Those terms are commonly used since it is difficult to find out the possible translation in Bahasa Indonesia.

2. Attraction The second position as the reason was attraction. Malik (1994, p. 17) states that in advertisement (both in oral and written), code switching is used to attract attention of readers or listeners. In advertisement in Indonesia (both spoken and written), it is found that there are many code switching occurrence. The evidence could be explained in this case as follow.

[14] Ada tamasachu ramen, sakura ramen, ada tamadashi ramen dan juga laen-laen. Dan ini tersedia juga pilihan kuah ramen sesuai dengan selera kamu. Semuanya disediakan dalam ukuran large dan kamu bisa upgrade porsinya menjadi ukuran jumbo, jadi kamu langsung aja dateng ke Sushi Story di daerah Seturan, OK..! [There are Tamasaschu ramen, Sakura ramen, Tamadashi ramen and etc. And there are also different ramen‟s broths that suit your taste. All are served in a large size and you can upgrade the portion to jumbo size, so come to SushI Story in Seturan, OK!]. (Sunset Drive September 18, 2013)

From the example [14], the announcer promoted about a Ramen restaurant offering to the customer in Yogyakarta. The announcer used some English words such as upgrade and large in order to attract the customers and add a social status for the restaurant.

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3. Quoting Someone Statement.

The third of the reasons for code-switching was quoting someone statement.

According to Chloros (2009) states that, “the use of code switching not only marked the boundary between the qualitative verb and the quote itself. It also gave speakers another “voice” in which they could encode expressive meanings”.

When code witching occurred in quotation sequences, the additional dimension it can bring to discourse was clear. In this case [15], announcer 1 (X1) quoted the lyric of „Breaking even‟ in responding announcer‟s 2 (X2) comment of the song to emphasize the meaning of lyric. He used the original sentences from Samantha

Jade‟s lyric without translating the lyric into Indonesian so the listeners would be easy to get their discussion.

[15] Liriknya aja ref-nya „what am I gonna do when the best part of me was only you and what am I supposed to say when I took up your key and falling to pieces‟. [The refrain of the lyric is „what am I gonna do when the best part of me was only you and what am I supposed to say when I took up your key and falling to pieces‟]. (Sunset Drive, September18, 2013) Swaragama FM Jogja. The soundtrack of your life. Blue with „if you come back‟, dan sebelumnya itu adalah Craig David with „I just don‟t love you no more‟. [Swaragama FM Jogja. The soundtrack of your life. Blue with „if you come back‟, and previously that was Craig David with „I just don‟t love you no more‟]. (Sunset Drive, September 18, 2013)

4. Message Qualification

The fourth reason was qualifying message. The radio announcers would like to qualify message in their utterances within the broadcasting in order to deliver the main point of the message. Grosjean (1982, p. 49) states that the speakers use code switching to catch the addressees‟ attention to a part of the message. When

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50 switching some Indonesian utterances into English, the radio broadcasters wanted to underline the message so it would be more understandable. For example the announcer 2 (X2) emphasized his message to the listener of the “Sunset Drive” program about the topic themed during September in Swaragama FM radio. The themed on September was Color your dream and reach your goal. Goes your life and day. Therefore, the listeners would have better understanding of the main point of the message which was used by the announcers.

[17] This September on Swaragma FM. Colour your dream and reach your goal. Goes your life and day. Setelah berjuang akhirnya datang hari kemenangan. Nikmati kemenanganmu tapi jangan lupa untuk berbagi. [This September on Swaragma FM. Colour your dream and reach your goal. Goes your life and day. Finally after struggling, it comes the victory day. Enjoy your victory but do not forget to share].

5. Showing Solidarity with a Group

The fifth reason of code switching was showing identity with a group.

Holmes (2001, p. 157) says that some people may use other languages when they speak with particular addressees only to express their solidarity. In this case [18], there was a guest announcer from India in the “Sunset Drive” program.. Here, the guest announcer could not speak Indonesian language. Therefore, the announcer switched Indonesian language into English when had interaction with the guest announcer to express solidarity with her friend who was Indian.

[18] Kita kedatangan satu temen kita dari India. Hello Monica! you can sit right beside me, use the headset, oke. So you are announcer right now. Maybe let‟s say “how are you?” in Hindi. [We have our new friend from India. Hello Monica! you can sit right beside me, use the headset, oke. So you are announcer right now. Maybe let‟s say “how are you?”in Hindi].

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6. Personalization

The sixth possible reason of code switching was personalization. Wardaugh

(2010, p. 126) states that, people usually switch their language into certain language because of their topic under discussion in the conversation. For instance, the announcer used tagline, prewed and password, which were difficult to find out the appropriate translation in Bahasa Indonesia. It was more common to use

English terms in the terms such as example [19], [20] and [21]. (See Appendix 3)

[19] Jangan lupa kalo sudah dikirim nanti kita telfon jangan lupa untuk sebutkan password-nya hidupkan tiap helai rambutmu. [Do not forget to mention the password which is refreshing your hair, if you have sent it, we will contact you]. [20]Bener, dan lebih jelas juga membuat tagline dan motto academia jogja. [That is right, and Academia Jogja makes clearer tagline and motto]. [21]Semoga foto wisuda sama foto prewed-nya sama orangnya. [Hopefully the pre wedding photo and the graduation photo have the same man]. (Sunset Drive, 18 September 2013)

Based on the research result, the researcher proposed six reasons for code switching which were made by announcers in the “Sunset Drive” program of

Swaragama FM radio. There must be certain reasons for the announcers of the

“Sunset Drive” program to switch language whether it was intentionally or not.

Thus, the data findings answered the second research objectives that the reasons of code-switching used were quoting someone statement, message qualification, personalization, linguistics deficiency, attraction and solidarity with a group.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter is intended to present the conclusions of the research and some related suggestions. The conclusions are derived from the findings of the research which are based on the research questions formulated in the first chapter. The suggestions are intended for the future researchers and English language learners.

A. Conclusions

This research aimed to answer two research questions. The first was the type of code switching which were used by the announcers in the “Sunset Drive” program of Swaragama FM radio. The second was the reasons for code-switching which occurred in the announcers’ utterances in the “Sunset Drive” program of

Swaragama FM radio.

From the result, the code switching used by the radio announcers in the

“Sunset Drive” program was classified into six types of code-switching. The types of code switching were diglossia, situational code switching, metaphoric code switching, single words code switching, integrated loanwords code-switching and conversational code switching. However, the researcher found that from the six types of code switching proposed in this research, there were only three types of code switching that were applicable in the “Sunset Drive” program of Swaragama

FM radio. There were single words code switching, integrated loanwords code- switching and conversational code switching. Furthermore, conversational code

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53 switching was classified into smaller unit such as phrases code switching, clauses code switching, and whole sentences code switching.

In this research, there were some reasons for using code switching in the

“Sunset Drive” program of Swaragama FM radio. Firstly, the announcers switched languages because they were lack of linguistic deficiency. The announcers used English terms than the translation because they might have difficult to find the translation of some terms in Indonesian language. Secondly, it was quoting someone statement. The announcers preferred quoting the original words than translating into different language. Furthermore, the least frequent reason for code switching in this research was quoting someone statement..

Thirdly was qualifying message. There were some messages that would be better when the announcer used both languages to qualify the messages. The fourth reason was personalization. The announcers usually switch their language into certain language because of the certain topics of discussion. This research showed that the linguistic deficiency which was related to physiological aspect as the main reason for code switching used in the “Sunset Drive” program of Swaragama FM.

The fifth reason was attraction. The announcer switched the language as a strategy to communicate with the audiences which were young people. The sixth reason was showing the identity with group.

B. Recommendations

According to the research findings and discussions, there are two suggestions presented here. The recommendations are intended for the English language learners and for future researchers.

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1. English Language Learners

Considering the phenomenon of code switching among young people, the

English language learners should pay attention the rules of code switching.

Therefore, they can do code switching appropriately.

2. Future researchers

The researcher suggests further researchers that they can increase the participants of analysis code switching in the different media. They can analyze this topic with quantitative method and find the error of using code switching in another broadcasting program with more participants.

Code switching from Indonesia to English in the announcers’ utterances seems to be relatively spontaneous as both Indonesian and English follow the same sentence pattern. The grammar of the code switching does not follow a fixed pattern. The cause of this phenomenon is misuse that needs further investigation for the future researcher.

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REFERENCES

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Sinclair, J. (2001). Collins cobuild English dictionary for advanced learners (3rd ed.). Glasgow: Harper Collins Publisher.

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APPENDICES

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Appendix 1

The Types of Code Switching of the “Sunset Drive” program in Swaragama FM Radio

Date Code Switching Case Types of Code Switching DIG SIT MET CON SIN INT September This September on Swaragma FM. Colour your dream and reach your goal. Goes your √ 16, 2013 life and day. Setelah berjuang akhirnya datang hari kemenangan. Nikmati kemenanganmu tapi jangan lupa untuk berbagi. Berbagi maaf, bergi cerita. Berbagi mimpi dan berbagi inspirasi. September Aduh kenceng amat headset-nya √ 16, 2013 September Yogyaakrta gitu ya, khususnya daerah-daerah UGM hari ini lagi rame banget karena ada √ 16, 2013 yang wisudaan ni. Weiiii...congratulation, semoga habis ini pada ngedapetin pekerjaan impian ya September Swaragama fm the soundtrack of your life. Drew dengan “radio” √ 16, 2013 September nanti bu, jangan terlalu visioner jadi orang √ 16, 2013 September mention dulu twitternya @swaragamafm kemudian Line sama kakaotalk search ID-nya di √ √ 16, 2013 swaragama fm. Aduh ini yang mau diputer tiga hari kemudian ya?...(hahaha) September seratus satu point tujuh Swaragama FM. The soundtrack of your life. Colour your dream √ 16, 2013 and reach your goal. Goes your life and day. Pastinya hari ini banyak yang meraih √ mimpi-mimpinya ya buat yang wisuda. Mau Swaragama FM. The soundtrack of your life. Colour your dream and reach your goal. Goes your life and day. Pastinya hari ini √ banyak yang meraih mimpi-mimpinya ya buat yang wisuda. Mau hadiah? September Yes..yes..yes harganya mulai dari Rp.299.000 aja. Ini one way ya, pulangnya nagkring √ √ 16, 2013 diatasnya..(hahaha). One way-nya mulai dari Rp.299.000 aja. Ke kuala lumpur, bali dan destinasi menarik lainnya September yes, kamu bisa mendapatkan tawaran menarik ini di www.airasia.com. Kemudian call √ √ 16, 2013 centernya di 0274 4874879 atau silahkan ke kantor penjualan Airasia dan travel agent terdekat dengan syarat dan ketentuan berlaku

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Date Code Switching Case Types of Code Switching DIG SIT MET CON SIN INT September ternyata ya, ini ada sorry banget arnurohman pengalanku banget √ 16, 2013 September semoga foto wisuda sama foto prewed-nya sama orangnya. Semoga ya akademia jogja.. √ 16, 2013 September yes, itu dia silahkan kirim ke 08112501017. Dan buat kamu yang cepet dan tepat jawab kamu √ 16, 2013 berhak pilih dua lagu September nanti kita telfon dan bisa request dua lagu secara berturut-turut. Jadi sekali lagi aakdemia √ 16, 2013 jogja ikutan spasi nama spasi usia spasi jawaban kamu September udah ya kita putrin satu lagu dari vitamin c with graduation. Wuhhh...kayak merinding- √ 16, 2013 merinding gimana gitu ya September thank you ya tadi udah jawab di siapa cepat dia dapat. Tadi udah jawab, apa sih tadi √ 16, 2013 pertanyaannya? September thank you buat hediana yang udah jawab lewat Line dan adit hasigawa, kemudian Erin √ 16, 2013 septiana. Thank you September tadi kita bertanya siapa cepat dia dapat. Eh by the way, kamu sore hari ini lagi ngapain? √ 16, 2013 September eh request dulu dong. Lagunya siapa? √ 16, 2013 Sept 16, Yang gak qumlaud juga gak apa-apa asalkan skills-nya udah banyak √ 2013 September Swaragama fm the soundtrack of your life. √ 16, 2013 September tapi tadi mas, aku baca di salah satu social media yang namanya path. Katanya gini nih, √ 16, 2013 jika kamu jatuh cinta Sama dua orang, September yes..yes..yes kalo kamu pengen jual mobil, segera aja di tokobagus.com. mudah, cepat dan √ 16, 2013 gratis. September (hahaha)..headset aku miring √ 16, 2013 September kirain nagis dengerin lagunya, dan teriak-teriak dia don‟t you remember...udah teriak- √ √ 16, 2013 teriak kayak gitu. Eh ternyata headset-nya ketarik akademia jogja. Kalo kata Adele dont‟t you remember. Kalo kamu harus ingat seharian ini pergi kemana aja

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Date Code Switching Case Types of Code Switching DIG SIT MET CON SIN INT September Gak punya hidup yang lain. Kalo mau dibikin sirkuit balap itu aku Cuma set...set, sprint ya √ 16, 2013 kan, lurus aja. September betul-betul, kalo kamu udah merasa sesibuk itu. Punya lintasan kamu sendiri yang muter- √ 16, 2013 muter setiap harinya kamu boleh ikutan Rexona do circuit September betul jadi cukup check in di 6 tempat untuk membentuk lintasan sirkuit balap sesungguhnya √ 16, 2013 September jadi silahkan start sekarang juga di www.rexona.com dan promo ini berlaku sampai Agustus √ 16, 2013 September betul, masih barengan fania zetira dan daniel wibowo di Sunset Drive ya. Nah buat kamu √ 16, 2013 yang mau request juga boleh 08112501017 September dan kita punya magic dragon with „times‟ yang diambil dari album nights vision √ 16, 2013 September Yang lain menyebut ini lagu hits tapi kami menyebutnya soundtrack hidupmu. Swaragam fm √ 16, 2013 24 jam memutarkan soundtrack hidupmu September Swaragama FM the soundtrack of your life. Colour your dream and reach your goal. √ 16, 2013 Glorious life and day September enggak ah, aku setahunan homesick terus (hahaha) √ 16, 2013 September udah sampe segitu ternyata itu passion-ku. Kalo dari sekarang kamu pengen tahu karir apa √ 16, 2013 sih. September ikutan aja career planning plus darai STC √ 16, 2013 September bulan september ini kita udah buka lagi ya kan...ini ada job preparation clinic career buat √ √ 16, 2013 kamu mahasiswa atau job seeker untuk mempersiapkan diri sebelum memasuki dunia kerja dan tentunya untuk memilih pekerjaan yang paling pas buat kamu September STC, one stop training center. Halo selamat sore buat gita yang sudah sms, tadi lagunya √ √ 16, 2013 Justin Bieber featuring Nicki Minaj sudah diputarkan untuk kamu ya! September 16, 2013Terus ada juga maya di jogja selatan...halo ! ini ada yang ngirim ke Swaragama tapi gak ada namanya, Cuma request doang September yang mention ke swaragama fm juga thank you ya. Ada Aldi kemudian rahayu wulan √ 16, 2013

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Date Code Switching Case Types of Code Switching DIG SIT MET CON SIN INT September jadi akademia jogja yang pengen ngelihat statusnya koh daniel apa, sebentar lagi ada di √ 16, 2013 account-nya swaragama @swaragamafm September seratus satu koma tujuh Swaragama FM, the soundtrack of your life. √ 16, 2013 September Colour your dream and reach your goal. Glorious life and day. ini adalah Lady Gaga √ 16, 2013 with applause. Beberapa hari yang lalu ada video music award di MTV. Ohhh...bukan Lady Gaga namanya kalo gak tampil nyentrik. Lady Gaga ini muncul diatas panggung ... September mother monster ini empak kali ganti baju diatas panggung...gila nggak tuh. Dan yang √ 16, 2013 terakhir dia memakai semacam bikini gitu kan...bikini kerang yang dipake juga di video clip-nya „applause‟ itu. September macem-macem...nyanyi, perform, mondar-mandir aje (hahaha)... √ 16, 2013 September Dan Justin Timberlake ini akademia jogja berhasil menyabet 4 penghargaan di MTV music √ 16, 2013 award yaitu adalah MTV Funky Award, Video of the year, Best Editing dan Best Direction. September Ya perform pake bikini gitu pas manggung ya kan... dan yang lebih menarik, fans-nya Justin √ √ 16, 2013 timberlake dia tiba-tiba muncul sama ini nih. September dan kamu bisa mendapatkan penawaran terbaik ini di www.airasia.com di call centernya √ 16, 2013 airasia 0274 487879 di kantor penjualan Airasia dan travel agent terdekat dengan syarat dan ketentuan berlaku September Ini dia Elle Goulding dengan Burn yang diambil dari album repakcage-nya Hausian days, √ √ √ 16, 2013 18 agustus 2013 telah dipilih Elle Goulding sebagai tanggal dirilisnya single Burn. Dan untuk album hausian days, akan dirilis tanggal 26 agustus 2013. Untuk proses pembuatan lagu burn, elle goulding dibantu oleh personel one republic ryan tender dibagian penulisan lirik. Satu hal yang membuat album repakcage luar biasa adalah nantinya akan ada dua versi album. Album hausian days akan dikemas menjadi album yang berisi sepuluh lagu dan nanti rencananya akan ada juga hausion days deluxe yang berisi 28 lagu. Yeah you here righ, twenty eight awesome songs in one album by Elle Goulding. Best access from elle goulding. Elle goulding with burnt as the soundtrack of the month along this august. Don‟t forget to colour your dream with swaragma fm the soundtrack of your life. Saya boni prasetya untuk soundtrack of the month. Sept16, Tweet...tweet..tweet Tuesday √ 2013

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Date Code Switching Case Types of Code Switching DIG SIT MET CON SIN INT September tapi tunggu dulu Fania Zetira, mumpung ada Alit. Video streaming-nya nyala kan? √ 16, 2013 September Aku lagi mikir pertanyaan yang Alit dua-duanya gak ada..(hahaha..). yang jelas follower-nya √ 16, 2013 yang banyak pasti pemenangnya kan?...(hahaha) nanti dia nggak mau siaran lagi lho kalo sama aku nanti September lagi skripsi... udah tiga kali lebaran jawabnya gitu. Ditanyain kapan lulus?...lagi skripsi √ 16, 2013 (hahaha) it‟s a matter of interest....(woiiiii...) September bodyguard..bodyguard gue lagi sama-sama pacaran sama sesama bodyguard √ 16, 2013 September biar kamu kelihatan gantengnya.katanya follower-nya mau nambah. √ 16, 2013 September anyway..tadi kita baru nge-tweet di @swaragama dan juga di @shitlicious √ √ 16, 2013 September aku nggak ngomong ya, soalnya udah di-blacklist sama sebelah ni nggak apa-apa. Kita udah √ 16, 2013 nggak berani ngomong September jadi gua belum dikasih blacklist keyword tadi √ 16, 2013 September ketiknya adalah sedan kalo kamu pengen mention @swaragamafm dan juga @shitlicious. √ √ 16, 2013 Ketiknya sedan spasi nama kamu dan spasi ceritanya. Cerita kamu yang paling malu- maluin sama pacar atau mantan kamu. Di-mention @swaragamafm atau @shitlicious, sms juga boleh ke September swaragama fm the soundtrack of your life...(hahaha) √ 16, 2013 September kita kedatangan satu temen kita dari India. Hello Monica! √ 16, 2013 September Hello Monica, great my friend, please √ 16, 2013 September Hello..hello audience √ 16, 2013 September you can sit right beside me....use the headsed, oke. So you‟re announcer right now √ 16, 2013

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Date Code Switching Case Types of Code Switching DIG SIT MET CON SIN INT September don‟t go back to your country and be announcer here √ 16, 2013 September you can be announcer here and I‟ll get fired..(hahaha) √ 16, 2013 September Maybe let‟s say “how are you?” in hindi √ 16, 2013 September nah, that‟s right. Tadi akademia jogja kita udah buka satu segmen apa momen-momen yang √ 16, 2013 paling malu-maluin sama pacar atau mantan kamu kirimnya ke 08112501017. September today, we‟re trying to ask our audience, our listeners. Ask them to share their √ 16, 2013 embarrasing experince with their girl friend or boyfriend or their ex. So do you have that kind of expereince? September that‟s embarrasing part ya..one of indonesian boy was my ex.. √ 16, 2013 September just right in front of you 16, 2013 September tapi kita pengen bacain yang udah mention @swaragamafm , oke. Ini udah banyak sekali. √ 16, 2013 September terus ada Nania al zufri pengalamannya sangat kece sekali. Katanya zaman belum tobat dulu √ 16, 2013 ditangkap polisi karena pacaran di flyover September flyover jombor mungkin, kan belum buka (hahaha) √ 16, 2013 September jadi kalo akademia jogja masih punya pengalaman silahkan mention @swaragamafm atau √ 16, 2013 @shitlicious kasih tahu kita pengalaman malu-maluin kamu sama pasangan itu apa sih? Lewat sms kemana koh daniel? September So stay tune √ 17, 2013 September Swaragama fm jogja, the soundtrack of your life. Color your dreams and orange. Live on √ 17, 2013 the right track and make change. Jason Myraz with butterfly. Aku tu dulu agak bingung ketika temenku ngomong butterfly in my tummy tapi itu kerasa banget kalo kamu lagi jatuh cinta akademia jogja, butterfly in my tummy

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Date Code Switching Case Types of Code Switching DIG SIT MET CON SIN INT September Rasanya gimana gitu..geli-geli happy gimana gitu. Katanya sih kalo pasangan ngeliat √ √ 17, 2013 pasanyannya harus selalu ada butterfly in my tummy. Kalo udah ngga ada berarti ehmmm. September maksudnya jangan kebanyakan gitu ya, butterfly-nya in my tummy-nya lebih banyak √ 17, 2013 daripada cemberutnya September mau sekalian request ke 08112501017, √ 17, 2013 September atau mention aja @swaragamafm atau via line atau kakaotalk tinggal di-search aja √ √ 17, 2013 swaragama fm dan kasih tahu lagu apa yang pengen kamu dengerin disore hari ini September (hahaha)..headset aku miring √ 17, 2013 September kirain nagis dengerin lagunya, dan teriak-teriak dia don‟t you remember...udah teriak- √ √ 17, 2013 teriak kayak gitu. Eh ternyata headset-nya ketarik akademia jogja. Kalo kata adele dont‟t you remember. Kalo kamu harus ingat seharian ini pergi kemana aja September tadi aku hari ini ke siaran pagi terus ke kosan terus siaran lagi (hahaha). Gak punya hidup √ 17, 2013 yang lain. Kalo mau dibikin sirkuit balap itu aku Cuma set...set, sprint ya kan, lurus aja. September betul-betul, kalo kamu udah merasa sesibuk itu. Punya lintasan kamu sendiri yang muter- √ 17, 2013 muter setiap harinya kamu boleh ikutan Rexona do circuit September betul jadi cukup check in di 6 tempat untuk membentuk lintasan sirkuit balap sesungguhnya √ 17, 2013 September jadi silahkan start sekarang juga di www.rexona.com dan promo ini berlaku sampai Agustus √ 17, 2013 September betul, masih barengan fania zetira dan daniel wibowo di Sunset Drive ya. Nah buat kamu √ 17, 2013 yang mau request juga boleh 08112501017 September udah sampe segitu ternyata itu passion-ku. √ 17, 2013 September ikutan aja career planning plus darai STC √ 17, 2013 September bulan september ini kita udah buka lagi ya kan...ini ada job preparation clinic career buat √ √ 17, 2013 kamu mahasiswa atau jobseeker untuk mempersiapkan diri sebelum memasuki dunia kerja dan tentunya untuk memilih pekerjaan yang paling pas buat kamu

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Date Code Switching Case Types of Code Switching DIG SIT MET CON SIN INT September yang mention ke swaragama fm juga thank you ya. Ada Aldi kemudian rahayu wulan √ 17, 2013 September jadi akademia jogja yang pengen ngelihat statusnya koh daniel apa, sebentar lagi ada di √ 17, 2013 account-nya swaragama @swaragamafm September seratus satu koma tujuh swaragama fm, the soundtrack of your life. √ 17, 2013 September Colour your dream and reach your goal. Glorious life and day. ini adalah Lady Gaga √ 17, 2013 with applause. Beberapa hari yang lalu ada video music award di MTV. Ohhh...bukan Lady Gaga namanya kalo gak tampil nyentrik. Lady Gaga ini muncul diatas panggung ... September mother monster ini empak kali ganti baju diatas panggung...gila nggak tuh. Dan yang √ √ √ 17, 2013 terakhir dia memakai semacam bikini gitu kan...bikini kerang yang dipake juga di video clip-nya „applause‟ itu. September macem-macem...nyanyi, perform, mondar-mandir aje (hahaha)... √ 17, 2013 September Dan Justin Timberlake ini akademia jogja berhasil menyabet 4 penghargaan di MTV music √ 17, 2013 award yaitu adalah MTV Funky Award, Video of the year, Best Editing dan Best Direction. September Ya perform pake bikini gitu pas manggung ya kan... dan yang lebih menarik, fans-nya Justin √ √ 17, 2013 timberlake dia tiba-tiba muncul sama ini nih.....(Music intro...) inget gak sama groupnya dulu? September swaragama fm the soundtrack of your life...(hahaha) √ 17, 2013 September kita kedatangan satu temen kita dari India. Hello Monica! √ 17, 2013 September Di tengah-tengah bulan ini. Ya, bener. Dua hari lagi udah weekend jadi harus happy, se- √ √ 18, 2013 happy sore hari ini mungkin seneng gitu ya ngeliat cuacanya, ohhh September yang ga panas mungkin sore hari ini dengerin lagu favorite kamu akademia jogja, boleh. √ 18, 2013 Kalo seumpamanya kepingin request lagu yang menjadi soundtrack hidup kamu, silahkan sms ke 08171102 September atau di line dan kakaotalk tinggal di-search-nya swaragama fm √ 18, 2013

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Date Code Switching Case Types of Code Switching DIG SIT MET CON SIN INT September dan untuk masalah kecepatan, lenovo k900 with intel inside yang di dukung dengan fungsi √ √ 18, 2013 multi-tasking-nya . Terkuras, dan baterainya tahan sampai 300 jam dalam kondisi standby coba… September great, great hari ini sungguh menyenangkan. Request dari twitter ada anisaakbari majid √ 18, 2013 mintanya „titanium‟ September ada subeno, mungkin request-nya lain. Jangan yang itu subeno √ 18, 2013 September nanti habis maghrib kita puterin lagu-lagu yang agak-agak mellow gimana gitu. Yang lebih √ √ 18, 2013 hak gitu lebih cetar gimana gitu. Kayak satu ini yang udah di-request sama anita September Swaragama FM the soundtrack of your life. Waduhh ..gimana lagunya √ 18, 2013 September Jadi ikutan Nescafe Trick Art Competition dimana kamu bisa menangkan Samsung √ 18, 2013 Galaxy Mini, power bank dan juga Flaskdisk September Nescafe Trick Art Competition dari ngopi jadi hidup… √ 18, 2013 September Kalo kamu bisa menjawab. SMS ke 081017 karena kamu boleh request dua lagu. √ 18, 2013 September Kalo di luar negeri mah udah terjamin. But anyway si Gareth Bell ini karena dia √ 18, 2013 sebelumnya sudah dinyatakan sebagai pemain dengan gaji terbesar. 200 pounsterling seminggu itu artinya Rp. 5,5 Milyar seminggu September tapi beda dengan Gareth Bell ini spend money-nya buat charity gitu. Ciee..udah bener ya. √ √ 18, 2013 Hahaha, ngeluarin duitnnya bukan buat pabrik. Kalo Fania buat bikin pabrik ya. Emak- emak biasa gitu, man mentalnya. September oh maaf-maaf kirain udah kenal. Udah di-briefing dulu ya sebelumnya. Kayak akrab √ 18, 2013 gimana gitu. Dik apa kabarnya hari ini? September so far so good hari ini?semua lancar? √ 18, 2013 September Request-nya apa? √ 18, 2013 September Swaragama FM the soundtrack of your life. itu tadi lagu yang sudah di-request di siapa √ √ 18, 2013 cepat dia dapat akademia jogja. Tadi itu lagu yang udah di-request sama mas Fajri

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Date Code Switching Case Types of Code Switching DIG SIT ME CON SIN INT T September Masih di Sunset Drive paket panas, kamu masih bisa request di 08112501017 bisa juga √ √ 18, 2013 mention @swaragamfm atau bisa chatting sama kita via Line kayak mas Fajri tadi ataupun Kakaotalk caranya tinggal meng-search swaragama FM. Betul begitu Fania? September Dan ini tersedia juga pilihan kuah ramen sesuai denagn selera kamu. Semuanya disediakan √ 18, 2013 dalam ukuran large dan kamu bisa upgrade porsinya menjadi ukuran jumbo, jadi kamu langsung aja dateng ke Sushi Story di daerah Seturan, okey! September Eh tadi ada yang bilang ada yang belum bisa move on ya? √ 18, 2013 September Mila namanya. Satu lagu judulnya ‘The man who can‟t be moved‟ √ 18, 2013 September Swaragama FM the soundtrack of your life. Banyak hal gitu ya yang bisa bikin kita ga √ √ 18, 2013 move on akademia jogja. September Kamu biasanya minjemin mobil kamu ke pacar kamu pas narik seatbelt-nya kamu eh ada √ 18, 2013 bau parfumnya September Bye bye ah..bye bye ah √ 18, 2013 September jadi susah move on. aktifitas kamu pake mobil tiap hari jadi gimana gitu. √ 18, 2013 September betul, jangan lupa follow twitternya @tokobagus untuk info-info lebih lanjut tentang √ 18, 2013 tokobagus.com September ada Keke yang request satu lagu dari Raisa dengan ‘bye bye‟. Sekalian buat sahabat- √ 18, 2013 sahabat aku yang lagi galau, biar move on September bener, kalau di lagu bisa ngomong bye bye tapi kenyataannya buk √ 18, 2013 September bye bye‟. banget √ 18, 2013 September Biasanya kalo dua tiga hari saat masih getol bilang bye bye-nya √ 18, 2013 September Selamat datang di kuis Emeron Nutritive shampoo, naturally different √ 18, 2013 September Nah kandungan rosemilk dalam Emeron nutrisoft ini dapat menghaluskan √ 18, 2013

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Date Code Switching Case Types of Code Switching DIG SIT ME CON SIN INT T September Dan betul, password-nya kalo nanti di telp hidupkan tiap helai rambutmu jadi jangan lupa √ 18, 2013 menjawab apasih yang akan kamu lakukan kalo kamu selalu punya rambut lembut, halus, berkilau setiap harinya? September apa kamu akan seperti nurul berterima kasih ke Emeron nutisoft shampoo berkatnya √ 18, 2013 rambutku jadi lembut halus berkilau, atau kayak Ika yang dibas-kibasin dong rambutnya, jangan diikat, rajin dirawat dan keramas September Nah iyakan dan kalo misalnya akademia Jogja ditelfon dari 55017 make sure ni ya kan √ √ 18, 2013 sinyalnya okay, terus langsung diangkat, okay September Sinyalnya okay.betul kayak yang satu ini ni yang udah ngangkat. Halo selamat sore? √ 18, 2013 Password? Hidupkan tiap helai rambutmu September oke..oke..oke, Dinda sekali lagi dong password-nya yang semangat √ √ 18, 2013 September Kalo begitu bye bye Dinda dan selamat! √ 18, 2013 September Pastinya, hidupkan tiap helai rambutmu. Emeron Nutritive Shampoo naturally different √ 18, 2013 September Nantikan kuis selanjutnya hanya di Swaragama FM hidupkan tiap helai rambutmu. Emeron √ 18, 2013 Nutritive shampoo naturally different … September Swaragama FM, the soundtrack of your life. Color your dream and live orange. Live on √ 18, 2013 the right track and make a change September Lagu yang udah di-request. Terima kasih sekali. Kenapa zad? √ 18, 2013 September Aku pengen menyapa juga buat temenku, namanya adalah mas Guntur Santosa lagi √ 18, 2013 streaming. Haloo September Darimana streaming-nya? √ 18, 2013 September Tidak menikmati dan pengen mencari pekerjaan baru yang lebih oke lagi, pas banget √ 18, 2013 karena ada Job Fair 2013 di Universitas Atmajaya Jogjakarta September Yes, atau email aja akademia jogja ke [email protected] atau ke [email protected] √ 18, 2013 September Dan mungkin baru mau move on juga. Tuh bener kan zad kita banyak yang antri request √ 18, 2013

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Date Code Switching Case Types of Code Switching DIG SIT ME CON SIN INT T September Oh betul, kacak ada Ica di Jakal request lagunya Craig David with ‘don’t love you no √ √ 18, 2013 more’ September Wisss..bener-bener dah love you banget √ 18, 2013 September I am sorry katanya, hahaha √ 18, 2013 September Swaragama FM Jogja. The soundtrack of your life. Blue with „if you come back‟, dan √ 18, 2013 sebelumnya itu adalah Craig David with „I just don‟t love you no more‟ September I just don‟t love you no more √ 18, 2013 September Tapi, di-reject sama Blue, if you don‟t come back √ √ 18, 2013 September Jadi gimana ni maunya? Hahaha, maunya say sorry I don‟t love you no more atau if you √ 18, 2013 come back sebenernya? September Awal-awal kadang-kadang bilang aku ga bisa nge-reject karena udah punya mantan lagi √ √ 18, 2013 come back in my life. Ahh makan tu gorengan yang ada di sebelah kamu September Oh baiklah, simple ya caranya √ 18, 2013 September simple, as simple as that. Kekeke...kata mbak Agnes gitu √ 18, 2013 September as simple as that √ 18, 2013 September betul. Tapi sebelum kita puterin sholat maghrib ni akademia jogja gitu ya. Kita ingetin √ √ √ 18, 2013 kamu karena ada talkshow dari CitiBank besok tanggal 19 September 2013 untuk kamu yang pengen tahu apasih yang baru dari CitiBank? Untuk dengerin talkshow-nya besok, sekali lagi tanggal 19 September dari jam 5-6 sore di Sunset Drive Swaragama FM. The soundtrack of your life, Swaragama FM September Swaragama FM, the soundtrack of your life. √ 18, 2013 September Dengerin terus sampe nanti jam 7 malam, ya. Buat kamu yang masih pengen request juga √ 18, 2013 boleh. Silahkan sms ke 08112501017 18-10-13 Atau mention @swaragmafm atau bisa via Line atau Kakaotalk tinggal di-search aja √ √

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Date Code Switching Case Types of Code Switching DIG SIT ME CON SIN INT T September Nah ikutan aja Nescafe trick art competition dimana kamu bisa memenangkan Samsung √ √ 18, 2013 Galaxy mini, power bank dan flash disk September Nescafe trick art competition, dari ngopi jadi hidup √ 18, 2013 September Please welcome swaragama fm male of this month. And this is Monte with „pure‟. Ini √ √ 18, 2013 dia seorang songwriter asal Bandung yang tahun 2010 lagu dia merupakan gabungan dari beberapa genre yang buat aku susah buat masukin ini lagu sebenarnya masuk. But don‟t judge by his genre. Yang paling penting lagu ini bisa kita nikmati dan melalui single „pure‟ ini. Monte ngasih bocoran materi album barunya yang berjudul „The sun insect‟. September Now playing soundtrack of the month. Now playing soundtrack of the month. Please √ √ 18, 2013 welcome giving to you Robin thick featuring 2 keys of two glamour, soundtrack of this month along this September – give it to you Enjoy the fresh new single of Mr.Robin thick with „give it to you‟. Melalui single „give it to you‟ ini, kali ini Robin Thick ..... change untuk berkolaborasi untuk dijadikan single kedua di album Robin Thick „truth life‟ Tidak hanya itu aja, pengerjaan single...juri dari reality show „Duets‟ ini mendapat bantuan dari Dr. Look dan Will.A.M yang duduk dibangku produser Thick sendiri yang menganggap lagu ini adalah lagu yang paling menyenangkan yang pernah dia kerjakan karena lagu ini memiliki sentuhan alam Michael Jackson, Prince tapi juga mengandung unsur Hip Hop. Sementara untuk album Robin Thick sendiri mengatakan bahwa dia ingin lebih banyak bersenang-senang daripada membahas kehidupannya lagi seperti di album-album selanjutnya. Are you ready to have some fun with Robin Thick along this September? because this is our soundtrack of this month. Along this september „give it to you‟ with Robin Thick featuring Cez and Conciz Glamour. Don‟t forget to colour your dream with swaragama fm the soundtrack of your life. Saya Boni prasetyo untuk soundtrack of the month. Soundtrack of the month is presented by Swaragama FM September Swaragama FM the soundtrack of your life. Colour your dream and live orange. Live √ √ 18, 2013 on the right track and make a change. This is sore dengan „Ssst‟. Yang ngerasa hari ini gila bangett gitu ya, kayaknya hectic banget hari ini.

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Date Code Switching Case Types of Code Switching DIG SIT ME CON SIN INT T September yah, nglakuin hal-hal yang menyenangkan, refreshing. Mungkin salah satunya cari tempat √ 18, 2013 makan yang enak dan kece September Bisa ni sekarang udah sholat maghrib, mandi, sudah cakep dan sudah kece tinggal √ 18, 2013 langsung meluncur ke Down Ski Kitchen. Sambil ditemenin satu lagu terbaru dari Agnes Mo with „things will get better‟. This is special for you on Sunset Drive paket panas. September Swaragama FM, the soundtrack of your life. This is Miley Cyrus with „we can‟t stop‟ √ 18, 2013 September „we can‟t stop‟, we won‟t stop. Kayaknya kamu apa gitu ya gak akan berhenti untuk √ 18, 2013 membeli barang baru dan masukin ke kamar kamu yang udah sumpek itu September Jual deh barang-barang kamu yang udah ga kamu butuhkan di tokobagus.com. caranya √ 18, 2013 gampang banget, kamu tinggal buat iklan dari rumah online dari smartphone kamu gratis dan gak perlu biaya apa-apa. Jual tas, sepatu-sepatu lama sampai boneka. Semuanya bisa dijual di tokobagus.com. Nah kalo bisa jadi duit, kenapa engga? September Nah follow aja twitternya @tokobagus untuk info-info lebih lanjut tentang toko bagus . √ 18, 2013 Kalo ada yang butuh duit jual aja di tokobagus.com. September udah full moon, padahal baru tanggal 18. Biasanya kan tanggal 20an kan ya? √ 18, 2013 September biasanya kalo udah full moon susah tidur jadinya kayak gitu. √ 18, 2013 September gila kan.Bridging saya √ 18, 2013 September hahaha jadi ni akademia jogja. Kalo karena full moon kamu ga bisa tidur gak apa apa, jadi √ 18, 2013 sambil tidur ngelihatin bulannya September lavenda yang mengandung vitamin A, C, E, aloe vera dan moisturizer untuk menjaga kulit √ 18, 2013 tetap lembut dan tidak kering. September oke ni, karena hari rabu ni akademia Jogja rabu ini banyak yang galau-galau gimana gitu, √ 18, 2013 your request is our comment, ya kan September betul in this diary malam ini kita ingin membahas tentang faktor utama dari yang namanya √ 18, 2013 kegalauan tidak lain dan tidak bukan si Exs.. September mencintaimu sampai mati, mati, mati. Haduhh..akademia jogja, kalo ngomongin mantan tu √ 18, 2013 gak ada habisnya. Never ending story.

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Date Code Switching Case Types of Code Switching DIG SIT ME CON SIN INT T September api kalo kamu udah dapet satu orang yang bisa bikin kamu gak mikirin mantan kamu, lo √ 18, 2013 happy banget pastinya September walaupun mungkin kamu udah punya yang baru akademia jogja, tpi mungkin ada satu sifat, √ √ 18, 2013 satu ehmm...apa ya, perhatian yang memang bikin kamu keinget dia terus di Wednesday diary kali ini kita cuma pengen nanya buat kamu yang ada diposisi ini ya, sekedar cerita boleh, kalo kamu udah punya pacar sekarang sekedar cerita aja tapi jangan sampe dipikirin banget. Tapi misalnya kalo kamu belum punya pacar lagi masih pengen move on lagi sama mantan kamu kasih tau dong sama kita, satu alasan aja apa yang pengen balikan sama mantan kamu satu alasan aja September ada space yang cuman bisa dimasukin sama orang itu. Hehehe..jadi kita nungguin cerita √ √ 18, 2013 kamu di 08112501017, ketiknya Wednesday diary spasi nama kamu spasi ceritanya oke September Kasih tau sama kita ya ketiknya WD spasi nama kamu spasi cerita kamu silahkan kirim ke √ √ 18, 2013 08112501017 atau bisa mention via twitter @swaragmafm. Sharing is caring… September swaragama FM the soundtrack of your life. Novita Dewi dan Samantha Jade with √ 18, 2013 „breaking even‟. Lirih ya akademia jogja September liriknya aja reff-nya ‘what am I gonna do when the best part of me was only you and √ √ 18, 2013 what am I supposed to say when I took up your key and falling to pieces‟ September liriknya, ini ni yang lebih kecenya lagi adalah „one still in love while the others leaving‟ √ 18, 2013 September nyesek bangettt.. nah sekarang ni temanya di Wednesday diary kenapa sih kok mengharu √ 18, 2013 biru kayak gini? Karena kita sekarang lagi ngomongin soal mantan yang mungkin belum bisa kamu relain, ikhlasin karena kebaikan-kebaikan dia yang telat kamu menyadarinya. Baru sadar kamu sekarang, mantan kamu the best part of you girl or guy for you yang mungkin itu dia tadi ga sadar sebelumnya.

September but everybody is deserved to have second chance, right? √ 18, 2013 September even give a break, beneran maksudku gini...kamu harus bisa ngeliat kalo dia sekali √ 18, 2013 selingkuh ya kamu omongi dulu. September betul, okey..nah kalo akademia jogja mau ikutan juga cerita sama Fania sama Azad di √ 18, 2013 Wednesday Diary ketiknya adalah WD spasi nama spasi ceritanya

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Date Code Switching Case Types of Code Switching DIG SIT ME CON SIN INT T September Swaragama FM, the soundtrack of your life. The burn and Bee „how deep is your love‟ √ 18, 2013 dari Debijis cover. Ini masih di Wednesday Diary disini September okey, kalo akademia jogja di telfon dari 55017 diangkat ya, itu dari Swaragama FM kita √ 18, 2013 pengen kamu sekedar sharing online gitu September ia bilang ga bisa lupain mantannya soalnya hubungan yang aku bangun soalnya bukan √ √ 18, 2013 Cuma sama dia tapi juga sama keluarganya. And how I can move on when I still love with her. Nah itu, emang sebenernya yang paling penting gimana caranya kamu cinta sama dia. If you love her deep, itulah the hardest part-nya, paling susahnya, cuman..kalo kamu udah kenal keluarganya itu kayak ngebuat tambahan ga sih? Jadi PR banget ga sih? September betul..betul..betul di Sunset Drive paket panas barengan sama Fania Zetira dan Azad √ 19, 2013 Gibran. Kalo kamu mau request akademia jogja boleh, lagu yang jadi soundtrack hidup kamu ke 08112501017 September Swaragama FM, the soundtrack of your life. Maroon 5 with „give me little more‟ √ 19, 2013 September Mereka ni kalo ngeluarin apapun pasti jadi hits. Hahaha..udah jelas banget kalo suara saya √ 19, 2013 di Maroon 5 ini pasti yang bakal langsung kayak udahlah ini mah Azad and friends September Oh bapak, suaranya yang mana pak?... „Oh baby‟ √ 19, 2013 September Tadi tu yang falseto yang bagian belakangnya doang, saya yang nambahin. Itu yang √ 19, 2013 nambah-nambahin September dan seperti biasa kita akan membuat kamu tersenyum di Sunset Drive paket panas sampai √ 19, 2013 nanti jam 7 malam dan kita tungguin request yang mau kamu dengerin di 08112501017 September betul, kalo via Line ya kan dan Kakaotalk juga bisa, silahkan di-search aja di Swaragama √ 19, 2013 FM. Eh lewat twitter juga boleh lho September Swaragama FM,the soundtrack of your life. This is JKT 48 with „river‟ √ 19, 2013 September betul, dan kamu ikutan juga dong. Nescafe trick art competition √ 19, 2013 September dimana kamu bisa menangin Samsung Galaxy mini, power bank, dan juga flash disk. √ 19, 2013 19-10-13 Nescafe trick art competition, dari ngopi jadi hidup… √

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Date Code Switching Case Types of Code Switching DIG SIT ME CON SIN INT T September judul lagunya aja „do it‟ coba hahaha.. do it , do it. Ehh..J.Lo sematre itu ternyata padahal √ 19, 2013 dia udah banyak duit ye. Hahaha..bukan ya September pasti ngeti juga handphone yang bagus dan bersahabat sama duit kamu yang sekarang. √ 19, 2013 September udah liat akademia jogja, Lenovo K900 with Intel inside. Untuk masalah kecepatannya ni, √ √ √ 19, 2013 Lenovo K900 with Intel inside ini didukung dengan processor Intel. Feature-nya adalah hyper traiding yang udah terbukti untuk multi tasking tanpa baterainya terkuras dan baterainya tahan sampe 300 jam dalam kondisi stand by September asyik ya, udah smartphone-nya kece, diajak jalan-jalan ke Hongkong, bisa jalan-jalan kece √ 19, 2013 September jangan lupa kalo kamu kita hubungin password-nya adalah hidupkan tiap helai rambutmu. √ √ 19, 2013 By the way, kalo ngomongin rambut kasar dan kusam itu disebabkan oleh disebabkan oleh hilangnya kesimbangan kelembapan pada rambut. September Okey, selamat datang di kuis Emeron Nutritive shampoo, naturally different. √ 19, 2013 September jangan lupa kalo misalnya kita hubungin, kamu dihubungin oleh tim swaragama FM 55017 √ 19, 2013 password-nya adalah hidupkan tiap helai rambutmu. September Swaragama FM, the soundtrack of your life. This is Enda and Reza with „dance with √ 19, 2013 me‟ 19-10-13 satu lagu yang udah di-request sama trisapta, terima kasih. „dance with me‟ √ September semuanya disajikan dalam ukuran large dan kamu bisa upgrade porsinya ke ukuran √ 19, 2013 jumbo. Makanya kamu langsung aja ke sushi story Seturan ya. September jangan lupa password-nya kalo kita telfon kamu adalah hidupkan tiap helai rambutmu. √ 19, 2013 Kalo gak langsung kita putusin kamu. Ahh..kamu gitu sama aku, aku udah ga kuat September Swaragama FM, the soundtrack of your life. Ya masih di kuis Emeron Nutritive √ 19, 2013 shampoo, naturally different dimana kita akan ngasih Rp.200.000 buat kamu yang bisa menjawab dengan benar September okey, kalo misalnya ditelfon jangan lupa password-nya yang bener. Barusan kita nelfon √ 19, 2013 orang password-nya salah September gak bisa kalo gitu. Kalo gitu kita masih mencari buat yang beruntung. Karena kalo √ √ 19, 2013 beruntung, tone password-nya harus bener, hidupkan tiap helai rambutmu

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Date Code Switching Case Types of Code Switching DIG SIT ME CON SIN INT T September ok jadi dengarkan baik-baik akademia jogja. Password-nya adalah hidupkan tiap helai √ 19, 2013 rambutmu. September Swaragama FM, the soundtrack of your life. colour your dream and live orange. Live in √ 19, 2013 the right track and make a change September the one that I found you. kayaknya kita udah menemukan titik terang siapakah yang akan √ 19, 2013 mendapatkan Rp.200.000 persembahan Emeron nutritive shampoo naturally different. September betul, jangan lupa password-nya dong √ 19, 2013 September dan kita udah terhubung sama Lestari. Selamat sore password-nya? √ 19, 2013 September Swaragama FM,the soundtrack of your life. colour your dream and live orange. √ 19, 2013 September Ellie Goulding with „burn‟ yah, hehehe √ 19, 2013 19-10-13 woww..bener ya ada step by step-nya terasa ya √ September Tapi memang passion-nya di bank ya mas Made ya. Memang mengikuti dari awal step-nya √ 19, 2013 selalu di bank ya. Memang tertariknya sama dunia perbankan. September jadi kalo bisa dijelasin ini adalah dream comes true. Nah kalo dilihat dari basic √ 19, 2013 pendidikannya sendiri sesuai gak siha antara dulu yang dipelajari dengan profesi yang sekarang? September Apakah getting this career karena kita biasa tahu anak lulusan apa,mahasiswa jurusan apa √ √ 19, 2013 akhirnya kuliahnya gak nyambung akhirnya malah di banker padahal gak ada basic. Sebenarnya signifikan gak sih? September Swaragama FM, the soundtrack of your life. This is Pink with „try‟ akademia jogja. √ 19, 2013 September kalo kamu mencoba untuk move on, ya kan. Tapi kalo kamu masuk kamar kamu sendiri nih √ 19, 2013 penuh barang-barang yang punya kenangan September nah itu dia yang jadi PR susah hahaha..mau apa masuk ke kamar udah mau move on eh √ 19, 2013 tiba-tiba lihat barang-barangnya jadi inget sama si mantan September Nah daripada bikin penuh sama kamar kamu dan kamu move on juga. Jual deh barang- √ 19, 2013 barang yang ga kepake tadi di tokobagus.com

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Date Code Switching Case Types of Code Switching DIG SIT ME CON SIN INT T September jangan lupa follow twitternya @tokobagus untuk info-info lebih lanjut tentang √ 19, 2013 tokobagus.com. September Okey, latar belakang keluarga itu juga meng-influence jadi poin yang penting juga ya mas √ 19, 2013 Made September nice nice dan dikirim sekarang juga ke 08112501017. Walaupun kita akan memberikan √ √ 19, 2013 goodie bag tapi yang paling penting adalah ilmu yang akan kita dapet September yang bakal di-sharing, √ 19, 2013 September Swaragama FM, the soundtrack of your life. So wake up everybody, okey dan kita masih √ 19, 2013 ngobrol-ngbrol sama Tiga profesional senior dari Citibank Indonesia ada mas Made, mbak Ike, ada juga mas Toch. September Okey, so is it about system flow √ 19, 2013 September okey dan itu langsung nyambung juga pertanyaan dari twitter @wennykt apakah yang √ 19, 2013 diterima sama bank-bank asing harus lulusan dari luar negeri Dan S2? mungkin dari mbak Ike bisa langsung dijawab. Untuk policy-nya Citibank itu seperti apa? 20-10-13 bener, it‟s Friday again √ September Jaman sekarang yang namanya gundah gulana dan galau mah udah jadi makanan sehari- √ 20, 2013 hari. Kurang perhatian kadang-kadang malah diumbar ke social media biar dapat perhatian. Di whatsuppin atau diLinein pacar September pake lagu yang jadi soundtrack hidup kamu. Pastinya di sunset drive paket panas √ 20, 2013 September Swaragama fm, the soundtrack of your life. Colour your dream and live orange. Live on √ 20, 2013 the right track and make a change. Gimana udah dijawab temennya? September yes, untuk masalah kecepatan ini, Lenovo k900 with intel inside ini didukung dengan √ √ 20, 2013 prosesor intel , feature-nya hyper 3d untuk multitasking baterainya tak terkuras dan tahan lama dalam 300 jam dalam kondisi standby September yes, dan kamu bisa menangkan hati kami di Sunset Drive paket panas dengan request lagu √ 20, 2013 yang jadi soundtrack hidup kamu September atau bisa mention @swaragamafm. Okey, mau via line atau kakotalk juga bisa tinggal di- √ √ 20, 2013 search aja swaragamafm

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Date Code Switching Case Types of Code Switching DIG SIT ME CON SIN INT T September satu lagu ini yang kita puterin. Wah bakalan suka akademia jogja. This is one direction √ 20, 2013 with „best song ever‟ special for you September swaragama fm, the soundtrack of your life. This is Lady Gaga with lady √ 20, 2013 September mother moster ne, bentuknya kayak gimana? √ 20, 2013 September emang Katy Perry lebih ke-ce kali ya. In my opinion…yahhh √ 20, 2013 September swaragama fm, the soundtrack of your life. Uuu…lagunya enak kan? √ 20, 2013 September bener, dan lebih jelas juga membuat tagline dan motto academia jogja. Bikin sekreatif dan √ 20, 2013 seunik mungkin. Tagline dari emeron nutrisoft menurut versimu September betul. OK, ketiknya Emeron spasi nama depan kamu sesuai identitas spasi enam digit √ 20, 2013 tanggal lahir kamu dan spasi tagline-nya September Jangan lupa kalo sudah dikirim nanti kita telfon jangan lupa untuk sebutkan password-nya √ 20, 2013 hidupkan tiap helai rambutmu. September ok kirim sekarang juga academia jogja ke 08112501017 dan jangan lupa kalo nanti kita √ 20, 2013 telfon password-nya adalah hidupkan tiap helai rambutmu Total - - - 70 96 84

Notes DIG : Diglossia SIT : Situational Code Switching MET : Methaporic Code Switching CON : Conversational Code Switching SIN : Single Word Code Switching INT : Integrated Loanwords

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Appendix 2

The reasons for code switching of the “Sunset Drive” program

Reasons for Code Switching Date Code Switching Case L Q M A S P S M S I U E T H E E A O N O S T O R M K C September 16, This September on Swaragma FM. Colour your dream and reach your goal. Goes √ 2013 your life and day. Setelah berjuang akhirnya datang hari kemenangan. Nikmati kemenanganmu tapi jangan lupa untuk berbagi. Berbagi maaf, berbagi cerita. September 16, Aduh kenceng amat headset-nya √ 2013 September 16, Yogyaakrta gitu ya, khususnya daerah-daerah UGM hari ini lagi rame banget karena √ 2013 ada yang wisudaan ni. Weiiii...congratulation, semoga habis ini pada ngedapetin pekerjaan impian ya September 16, Swaragama fm the soundtrack of your life. Drew dengan “radio” √ 2013 September 16, nanti bu, jangan terlalu visioner jadi orang √ 2013 September 16, mention dulu twitternya @swaragamafm kemudian Line sama kakaotalk search ID-nya √ 2013 di swaragama fm. September 16, seratus satu point tujuh Swaragama FM. The soundtrack of your life. Colour your √ 2013 dream and reach your goal. Goes your life and day. Pastinya hari ini banyak yang meraih mimpi-mimpinya ya buat yang wisuda. Mau Swaragama FM. The soundtrack of your life. Colour your dream and reach your goal. Goes your life and day. September 16, Yes..yes..yes harganya mulai dari Rp.299.000 aja. Ini one way ya, pulangnya nagkring √ 2013 diatasnya..(hahaha). One way-nya mulai dari Rp.299.000 aja. Ke kuala lumpur, bali dan destinasi menarik lainnya September 16, yes, kamu bisa mendapatkan tawaran menarik ini di www.airasia.com. Kemudian call √ 2013 centernya di 0274 4874879 atau silahkan ke kantor penjualan Airasia dan travel agent terdekat dengan syarat dan ketentuan berlaku

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Date Code Switching Case Reasons of Code Switching L Q M A S P S M S I U E T H E E A O N O S T O R M K C September 16, ternyata ya, ini ada sorry banget arnurohman pengalanku banget √ 2013 September 16, semoga foto wisuda sama foto prewed-nya sama orangnya. Semoga ya akademia jogja.. √ 2013 September 16, yes, itu dia silahkan kirim ke 08112501017. Dan buat kamu yang cepet dan tepat jawab √ 2013 kamu berhak pilih dua lagu September 16, nanti kita telfon dan bisa request dua lagu secara berturut-turut. Jadi sekali lagi √ 2013 aakdemia jogja ikutan spasi nama spasi usia spasi jawaban kamu September 16, udah ya kita putrin satu lagu dari vitamin c with graduation. Wuhhh...kayak merinding- √ 2013 merinding gimana gitu ya September 16, thank you ya tadi udah jawab di siapa cepat dia dapat. Tadi udah jawab, apa sih tadi √ 2013 pertanyaannya? September 16, thank you buat hediana yang udah jawab lewat Line dan adit hasigawa, kemudian Erin √ 2013 septiana. Thank you September 16, tadi kita bertanya siapa cepat dia dapat. Eh by the way, kamu sore hari ini lagi ngapain? √ 2013 September 16, eh request dulu dong. Lagunya siapa? √ 2013 September 16, Yang gak qumlaud juga gak apa-apa asalkan skills-nya udah banyak √ 2013 September 16, Swaragama fm the soundtrack of your life. √ 2013 September 16, tapi tadi mas, aku baca di salah satu social media yang namanya path. √ 2013 September 16, yes..yes..yes kalo kamu pengen jual mobil, segera aja di tokobagus.com. mudah, cepat √ 2013 dan gratis.( hahaha)..headset aku miring September 16, kirain nagis dengerin lagunya, dan teriak-teriak dia don‟t you remember...udah teriak- √ √ 2013 teriak kayak gitu. Eh ternyata headset-nya ketarik akademia jogja. Kalo kata Adele dont‟t you remember. Kalo kamu harus ingat seharian ini pergi kemana aja

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Date Code Switching Case Reasons of Code Switching L Q M A S P S M S I U E T H E E A O N O S T O R M K C September 16, tadi aku hari ini ke siaran pagi terus ke kosan terus siaran lagi (hahaha). Gak punya √ 2013 hidup yang lain. Kalo mau dibikin sirkuit balap itu aku Cuma set...set, sprint ya kan, September 16, betul-betul, kalo kamu udah merasa sesibuk itu. Punya lintasan kamu sendiri yang muter- √ 2013 muter setiap harinya kamu boleh ikutan Rexona do circuit September 16, betul jadi cukup check in di 6 tempat untuk membentuk lintasan sirkuit balap √ 2013 sesungguhnya September 16, jadi silahkan start sekarang juga di www.rexona.com √ 2013 September 16, betul, masih barengan fania zetira dan daniel wibowo di Sunset Drive ya. Nah buat kamu √ 2013 yang mau request juga boleh 08112501017 September 16, dan kita punya magic dragon with „times‟ yang diambil dari album nights vision √ 2013 September 16, Yang lain menyebut ini lagu hits tapi kami menyebutnya soundtrack hidupmu. Swaragam √ 2013 fm 24 jam memutarkan soundtrack hidupmu September 16, Swaragama FM the soundtrack of your life. Colour your dream and reach your goal. √ 2013 Glorious life and day September 16, enggak ah, aku setahunan homesick terus (hahaha) √ 2013 September 16, udah sampe segitu ternyata itu passion-ku. Kalo dari sekarang kamu pengen tahu karir √ 2013 apa sih. September 16, ikutan aja career planning plus darai STC √ 2013 September 16, bulan september ini kita udah buka lagi, ini ada job preparation clinic career buat kamu √ 2013 mahasiswa atau job seeker untuk mempersiapkan diri sebelum memasuki dunia kerja dan tentunya untuk memilih pekerjaan yang paling pas buat kamu September 16, STC, one stop training center. Halo selamat sore buat gita yang sudah sms, tadi lagunya √ √ 2013 Justin Bieber featuring Nicki Minaj sudah diputarkan untuk kamu ya! Terus ada juga maya di jogja selatan...halo ! ini ada yang ngirim ke Swaragama tapi gak ada namanya, Cuma request doang

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Date Code Switching Case Reasons of Code Switching L Q M A S P S M S I U E T H E E A O N O S T O R M K C September 16, yang mention ke swaragama fm juga thank you ya. Ada Aldi kemudian rahayu wulan √ √ 2013 September 16, jadi akademia jogja yang pengen ngelihat statusnya koh daniel apa, sebentar lagi ada di √ 2013 account-nya swaragama @swaragamafm September 16, seratus satu koma tujuh Swaragama FM, the soundtrack of your life. √ 2013 September 16, Colour your dream and reach your goal. Glorious life and day. ini adalah Lady Gaga √ 2013 with applause. Beberapa hari yang lalu ada video music award di MTV. Ohhh...bukan Lady Gaga namanya kalo gak tampil nyentrik. Lady Gaga ini muncul diatas panggung September 16, mother monster ini empak kali ganti baju diatas panggung...gila nggak tuh. Dan yang √ 2013 terakhir dia memakai semacam bikini gitu kan...bikini kerang yang dipake juga di video clip-nya „applause‟ itu. September 16, macem-macem...nyanyi, perform, mondar-mandir aje (hahaha)... √ 2013 September 16, Justin Timberlake ini akademia jogja berhasil menyabet 4 penghargaan di MTV music √ 2013 award yaitu adalah MTV Funky Award, Video of the year, Best Editing dan Best Direction. September 16, Ya perform pake bikini gitu pas manggung ya kan... dan yang lebih menarik, fans-nya √ √ 2013 Justin timberlake dia tiba-tiba muncul sama ini nih.. September 16, dan kamu bisa mendapatkan penawaran terbaik ini di www.airasia.com di call centernya √ 2013 airasia 0274 487879 di kantor penjualan Airasia dan travel agent terdekat dengan syarat dan ketentuan berlaku September 16, Ini dia Elle Goulding dengan Burn yang diambil dari album repakcage-nya Hausian √ √ 2013 days, 18 agustus 2013 telah dipilih Elle Goulding sebagai tanggal dirilisnya single Burn. Dan untuk album hausian days, akan dirilis tanggal 26 agustus 2013. Untuk proses pembuatan lagu burn, elle goulding dibantu oleh personel one republic ryan tender dibagian penulisan lirik. Satu hal yang membuat album repakcage luar biasa adalah nantinya akan ada dua versi album.. Yeah you here righ, twenty eight awesome songs in one album by Elle Goulding. Best access from elle goulding.

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Date Code Switching Case Reasons of Code Switching L Q M A S P S M S I U E T H E E A O N O S T O R M K C September 16, Tweet...tweet..tweet Tuesday √ 2013 September 16, tapi tunggu dulu Fania Zetira, mumpung ada Alit. Video streaming-nya nyala kan?baik √ 2013 bapak ibu yang sudah sarjana angkat tangannya.? September 16, Aku lagi mikir pertanyaan yang Alit dua-duanya gak ada..(hahaha..). yang jelas follower- √ 2013 nya yang banyak pasti pemenangnya kan?... September 16, lagi skripsi... udah tiga kali lebaran jawabnya gitu. Ditanyain kapan lulus?...lagi skripsi √ 2013 (hahaha) it‟s a matter of interest....(woiiiii...) September 16, bodyguard..bodyguard gue lagi sama-sama pacaran sama sesama bodyguard √ 2013 September 16, biar kamu kelihatan gantengnya.katanya follower-nya mau nambah. √ 2013 September 16, anyway..tadi kita baru nge-tweet di @swaragama dan juga di @shitlicious √ √ 2013 September 16, aku nggak ngomong ya, soalnya udah di-blacklist sama sebelah ni nggak apa-apa. Kita √ 2013 udah nggak berani ngomong September 16, jadi gua belum dikasih blacklist keyword tadi √ 2013 September 16, ketiknya adalah sedan kalo kamu pengen mention @swaragamafm dan juga √ 2013 @shitlicious. Ketiknya sedan spasi nama kamu dan spasi ceritanya. Cerita kamu yang paling malu-maluin sama pacar atau mantan kamu. Di-mention @swaragamafm September 16, swaragama fm the soundtrack of your life...(hahaha) √ 2013 September 16, kita kedatangan satu temen kita dari India. Hello Monica! √ 2013 September 16, Hello Monica, great my friend, please √ 2013 September 16, Hello..hello audience √

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Date Code Switching Case Reasons of Code Switching L Q M A S P S M S I U E T H E E A O N O S T O R M K C September 16, you can sit right beside me....use the headsed, oke. So you‟re announcer right now . √ 2013 don‟t go back to your country and be announcer here September 16, √ 2013 September 16, you can be announcer here and I‟ll get fired..(hahaha) Maybe let‟s say “how are √ 2013 you?” in hindi September 16, nah, that‟s right. Tadi akademia jogja kita udah buka satu segmen apa momen-momen √ 2013 yang paling malu-maluin sama pacar atau mantan kamu kirimnya ke 08112501017. September 16, today, we‟re trying to ask our audience, our listeners. Ask them to share their √ 2013 embarrasing experince with their girl friend or boyfriend or their ex. So do you have that kind of expereince? September 16, that‟s embarrasing part ya..one of indonesian boy was my ex.. √ 2013 September 16, just right in front of you √ 2013 September 16, tapi kita pengen bacain yang udah mention @swaragamafm , oke. Ini udah banyak √ 2013 sekali. September 16, terus ada Nania al zufri pengalamannya sangat kece sekali. Katanya zaman belum tobat √ 2013 dulu ditangkap polisi karena pacaran di flyover September 16, flyover jombor mungkin, kan belum buka (hahaha) √ 2013 September 16, jadi kalo akademia jogja masih punya pengalaman silahkan mention @swaragamafm √ 2013 September 17, So stay tune √ 2013 September 17, Swaragama fm jogja, the soundtrack of your life. Color your dreams and orange. Live 2013 on the right track and make change. Jason Myraz with butterfly. Aku tu dulu agak √ bingung ketika temenku ngomong butterfly in my tummy tapi itu kerasa banget kalo kamu lagi jatuh cinta akademia jogja, butterfly in my tummy

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Date Code Switching Case Reasons of Code Switching L Q M A S P S M S I U E T H E E A O N O S T O R M K C September 17, Rasanya gimana gitu..geli-geli happy gimana gitu. Katanya sih kalo pasangan ngeliat √ √ 2013 pasanyannya harus selalu ada butterfly in my tummy. Kalo udah ngga ada berarti ehmmm. September 17, maksudnya jangan kebanyakan gitu ya, butterfly-nya in my tummy-nya lebih banyak √ 2013 daripada cemberutnya September 17, mau sekalian request ke 08112501017, √ 2013 September 17, atau mention aja @swaragamafm atau via line atau kakaotalk tinggal di-search aja √ √ 2013 swaragama fm September 17, (hahaha)..headset aku miring √ 2013 September 17, kirain nagis dengerin lagunya, dan teriak-teriak dia don‟t you remember...udah teriak- √ √ 2013 teriak kayak gitu. Eh ternyata headset-nya ketarik akademia jogja. Kalo kata adele dont‟t you remember. Kalo kamu harus ingat seharian ini pergi kemana aja September 17, tadi aku hari ini ke siaran pagi terus ke kosan terus siaran lagi (hahaha). Gak punya √ 2013 hidup yang lain. Kalo mau dibikin sirkuit balap itu aku Cuma set...set, sprint ya kan, Sept 17, 2013 betul-betul, kalo kamu udah merasa sesibuk itu. Punya lintasan kamu sendiri yang muter- √ muter setiap harinya kamu boleh ikutan Rexona do circuit Sept 17, 2013 betul jadi cukup check in di 6 tempat untuk membentuk lintasan sirkuit balap √ sesungguhnya September 17, jadi silahkan start sekarang juga di www.rexona.com dan promo ini berlaku sampai √ 2013 Agustus September 17, Nah buat kamu yang mau request juga boleh 08112501017 √ 2013 Sept 17, 2013 udah sampe segitu ternyata itu passion-ku. √ Sept 17, 2013 ikutan aja career planning plus darai STC √ Sept 17, 2013 bulan september ini kita udah buka lagi ya kan...ini ada job preparation clinic career √ √ buat kamu mahasiswa atau jobseeker untuk mempersiapkan diri sebelum memasuki dunia kerja dan tentunya untuk memilih pekerjaan yang paling pas buat kamu

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Date Code Switching Case Reasons of Code Switching L Q M A S P S M S I U E T H E E A O N O S T O R M K C September 17, yang mention ke swaragama fm juga thank you ya. Ada Aldi kemudian rahayu wulan √ 2013 September 17, jadi akademia jogja yang pengen ngelihat statusnya koh daniel apa, sebentar lagi ada di √ 2013 account-nya swaragama @swaragamafm September 17, seratus satu koma tujuh swaragama fm, the soundtrack of your life. √ 2013 September 17, Colour your dream and reach your goal. Glorious life and day. ini adalah Lady Gaga √ 2013 with applause. Beberapa hari yang lalu ada video music award di MTV. Ohhh...bukan Lady Gaga namanya kalo gak tampil nyentrik. Lady Gaga ini muncul diatas panggung September 17, mother monster ini empak kali ganti baju diatas panggung...gila nggak tuh. Dan yang √ √ 2013 terakhir dia memakai semacam bikini gitu kan...bikini kerang yang dipake juga di video clip-nya „applause‟ itu. September 17, macem-macem...nyanyi, perform, mondar-mandir aje (hahaha)... √ 2013 September 17, Dan Justin Timberlake ini akademia jogja berhasil menyabet 4 penghargaan di MTV √ 2013 music award yaitu adalah MTV Funky Award, Video of the year, Best Editing dan Best Direction. September 17, Ya perform pake bikini gitu pas manggung ya kan... dan yang lebih menarik, fans-nya √ 2013 Justin timberlake dia tiba-tiba muncul sama ini nih.....(Music intro...) inget gak sama groupnya dulu? September 17, swaragama fm the soundtrack of your life...(hahaha) √ 2013 September 18, Di tengah-tengah bulan ini. Ya, bener. Dua hari lagi udah weekend jadi harus happy, se- √ 2013 happy sore hari ini mungkin seneng gitu ya ngeliat cuacanya, ohhh September 18, yang ga panas mungkin sore hari ini dengerin lagu favorite kamu akademia jogja, boleh. √ √ 2013 Kalo seumpamanya kepingin request lagu yang menjadi soundtrack hidup kamu, silahkan sms ke 08171102 September 18, atau di line dan kakaotalk tinggal di-search-nya swaragama fm √ 2013

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Date Code Switching Case Reasons of Code Switching L Q M A S P S M S I U E T H E E A O N O S T O R M K C September 18, dan untuk masalah kecepatan, lenovo k900 with intel inside yang di dukung dengan fungsi √ √ 2013 multi-tasking-nya . Terkuras, dan baterainya tahan sampai 300 jam dalam kondisi standby coba… September great, great hari ini sungguh menyenangkan. Request dari twitter ada anisaakbari √ √ 18, 2013 majid mintanya „titanium‟ September ada subeno, mungkin request-nya lain. Jangan yang itu subeno √ 18, 2013 September nanti habis maghrib kita puterin lagu-lagu yang agak-agak mellow gimana gitu. Yang √ √ 18, 2013 lebih hak gitu lebih cetar gimana gitu. Kayak satu ini yang udah di-request sama anita September Swaragama FM the soundtrack of your life. Waduhh ..gimana lagunya √ 18, 2013 September Jadi ikutan Nescafe Trick Art Competition dimana kamu bisa menangkan Samsung √ 18, 2013 Galaxy Mini, power bank dan juga Flaskdisk September Nescafe Trick Art Competition dari ngopi jadi hidup… √ 18, 2013 September Kalo kamu bisa menjawab. SMS ke 081017 karena kamu boleh request dua lagu. √ 18, 2013 September Kalo disini mah kayak gitu. Kalo di luar negeri mah udah terjamin. But anyway si √ 18, 2013 Gareth Bell ini karena dia sebelumnya sudah dinyatakan sebagai pemain dengan gaji terbesar. 200 pounsterling seminggu itu artinya Rp. 5,5 Milyar seminggu September tapi beda dengan Gareth Bell ini spend money-nya buat charity gitu. Ciee..udah bener √ 18, 2013 ya. Hahaha, ngeluarin duitnnya bukan buat pabrik. Kalo Fania buat bikin pabrik ya. Emak-emak biasa gitu, man mentalnya. Tapi si Gareth Bell ini September oh maaf-maaf kirain udah kenal. Udah di-briefing dulu ya sebelumnya. Kayak akrab √ 18, 2013 gimana gitu. Dik apa kabarnya hari ini? September so far so good hari ini?semua lancar? √ 18, 2013 September Request-nya apa? √ √ 18, 2013

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Date Code Switching Case Reasons of Code Switching L Q M A S P S M S I U E T H E E A O N O S T O R M K C September Swaragama FM the soundtrack of your life. itu tadi lagu yang sudah di-request di √ 18, 2013 siapa cepat dia dapat akademia jogja. Tadi itu lagu yang udah di-request sama mas Fajri September Masih di Sunset Drive paket panas, kamu masih bisa request di 08112501017 bisa juga √ √ 18, 2013 mention @swaragamfm atau bisa chatting sama kita via Line kayak mas Fajri tadi ataupun Kakaotalk caranya tinggal meng-search swaragama FM. Betul begitu Fania? September Dan ini tersedia juga pilihan kuah ramen sesuai denagn selera kamu. Semuanya √ 18, 2013 disediakan dalam ukuran large dan kamu bisa upgrade porsinya menjadi ukuran jumbo, jadi kamu langsung aja dateng ke Sushi Story di daerah Seturan, okey! September betul, bapak Azad. Hahaha...minta digigit ya. Eh tadi ada yang bilang ada yang belum √ 18, 2013 bisa move on ya? September Mila namanya. Satu lagu judulnya ‘The man who can‟t be moved‟ √ 18, 2013 September Swaragama FM the soundtrack of your life. Banyak hal gitu ya yang bisa bikin kita ga √ √ 18, 2013 move on akademia jogja. Misalnya kesatu tempat ya kan. Wah aku dulu pernah ketempat ini nih sama mantanku dulu atau yang barusan tadi aku obrolin sama Azad akademia jogja, mobil September Kamu biasanya minjemin mobil kamu ke pacar kamu pas narik seatbelt-nya kamu eh √ 18, 2013 ada bau parfumnya Sept18, 2013 Bye bye ah..bye bye ah √ September jadi susah move on. aktifitas kamu pake mobil tiap hari jadi gimana gitu. Pengen jual √ 18, 2013 tapi mobil ini kenangannya terlalu banyak, ya udah deh ku jual aja. September betul, jangan lupa follow twitternya @tokobagus untuk info-info lebih lanjut tentang √ 18, 2013 tokobagus.com September ada Keke yang request satu lagu dari Raisa dengan ‘bye bye‟. Sekalian buat sahabat- √ √ 18, 2013 sahabat aku yang lagi galau, biar move on September bener, kalau di lagu bisa ngomong bye bye tapi kenyataannya buk √ 18, 2013 Sept18, 2013 bye bye‟. banget √

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Date Code Switching Case Reasons of Code Switching L Q M A S P S M S I U E T H E E A O N O S T O R M K C September Biasanya kalo dua tiga hari saat masih getol bilang bye bye-nya √ 18, 2013 Sept18, 2013 Selamat datang di kuis Emeron Nutritive shampoo, naturally different √ September ya kan?rambut kasar dan kusam ini sebenernya disebabkan oleh hilangnya kesimbangan √ 18, 2013 pada rambut. Nah kandungan rosemilk dalam Emeron nutrisoft ini dapat menghaluskan sekaligus mudah diatur. September Dan betul, password-nya kalo nanti di telp hidupkan tiap helai rambutmu jadi jangan √ 18, 2013 lupa menjawab apasih yang akan kamu lakukan kalo kamu selalu punya rambut lembut, halus, berkilau setiap harinya? September apa kamu akan seperti nurul berterima kasih ke Emeron nutisoft shampoo berkatnya √ 18, 2013 rambutku jadi lembut halus berkilau, atau kayak Ika yang dibas-kibasin dong rambutnya, jangan diikat, rajin dirawat dan keramas September Nah iyakan dan kalo misalnya akademia Jogja ditelfon dari 55017 make sure ni ya kan √ 18, 2013 sinyalnya okay, terus langsung diangkat, okay Sept 18, Sinyalnya okay.betul kayak yang satu ini ni yang udah ngangkat. Halo selamat sore? √ 2013 Password? Hidupkan tiap helai rambutmu Sept 18, oke..oke..oke, Dinda sekali lagi dong password-nya yang semangat √ 2013 Sept 18, Kalo begitu bye bye Dinda dan selamat! √ 2013 September Pastinya, hidupkan tiap helai rambutmu. Emeron Nutritive Shampoo naturally √ 18, 2013 different September Nantikan kuis selanjutnya hanya di Swaragama FM hidupkan tiap helai rambutmu. √ 18, 2013 Emeron Nutritive shampoo naturally different … September Swaragama FM, the soundtrack of your life. Color your dream and live orange. Live √ 18, 2013 on the right track and make a change Sept18, 2013 Lagu yang udah di-request. Terima kasih sekali. Kenapa zad? √ September Aku pengen menyapa juga buat temenku, namanya adalah mas Guntur Santosa lagi √ 18, 2013 streaming. Haloo

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Date Code Switching Case Reasons of Code Switching L Q M A S P S M S I U E T H E E A O N O S T O R M K C September Darimana streaming-nya? √ 18, 2013 September kalo misalnya ni akademia jogja,kamu menikmati pekerjaan kamu sekarang atau malah √ 18, 2013 kebalikannya? Tidak menikmati dan pengen mencari pekerjaan baru yang lebih oke lagi, pas banget karena ada Job Fair 2013 di Universitas Atmajaya Jogjakarta September Yes, atau email aja akademia jogja ke [email protected] atau ke [email protected] 18, 2013 September Uuuu..baru pertama lulus gi tu ya kan. Dan mungkin baru mau move on juga. Tuh √ 18, 2013 bener kan zad kita banyak yang antri request September Oh betul, kacak ada Ica di Jakal request lagunya Craig David with ‘don’t love you no √ √ 18, 2013 more’ September Wisss..bener-bener dah love you banget √ 18, 2013 Sept18, 2013 I am sorry katanya, hahaha √ September Swaragama FM Jogja. The soundtrack of your life. Blue with „if you come back‟, dan √ √ 18, 2013 sebelumnya itu adalah Craig David with „I just don‟t love you no more‟ September I just don‟t love you no more √ 18, 2013 Sept18, 2013 Tapi, di-reject sama Blue, if you don‟t come back √ √ September Jadi gimana ni maunya? Hahaha, maunya say sorry I don‟t love you no more atau if √ 18, 2013 you come back sebenernya? September Awal-awal kadang-kadang bilang aku ga bisa nge-reject karena udah punya mantan √ √ 18, 2013 lagi come back in my life. Ahh makan tu gorengan yang ada di sebelah kamu September Oh baiklah, simple ya caranya √ 18, 2013 September simple, as simple as that. Kekeke...kata mbak Agnes gitu √ 18, 2013 September as simple as that √ 18, 2013

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Date Code Switching Case Reasons of Code Switching L Q M A S P S M S I U E T H E E A O N O S T O R M K C September Kita ingetin kamu karena ada talkshow dari CitiBank besok tanggal 19 September 2013 √ √ 18, 2013 untuk kamu yang pengen tahu apasih yang baru dari CitiBank? Untuk dengerin talkshow-nya besok, sekali lagi tanggal 19 September dari jam 5-6 sore di Sunset Drive Swaragama FM. The soundtrack of your life, Swaragama FM September Swaragama FM, the soundtrack of your life. Selamat menunaikan ibadah sholat √ 18, 2013 Maghrib akademia jogja buat kamu yang ada di daerah istimewa jogjakarta dan sekitarnya. September Dengerin terus sampe nanti jam 7 malam, ya. Buat kamu yang masih pengen request √ 18, 2013 juga boleh. Silahkan sms ke 08112501017 September Atau mention @swaragmafm atau bisa via Line atau Kakaotalk tinggal di-search aja √ √ 18, 2013 Swaragama fm. Biar kamu bisa ngrasain serunya Sunset Drive September Nah ikutan aja Nescafe trick art competition dimana kamu bisa memenangkan √ √ 18, 2013 Samsung Galaxy mini, power bank dan flash disk September Nescafe trick art competition, dari ngopi jadi hidup √ 18, 2013 September Please welcome swaragama fm male of this month. And this is Monte with „pure‟. √ 18, 2013 Ini dia seorang songwriter asal Bandung yang tahun 2010 lagu dia merupakan gabungan dari beberapa genre yang buat aku susah buat masukin ini lagu sebenarnya masuk. But don‟t judge by his genre. Yang paling penting lagu ini bisa kita nikmati dan melalui single „pure‟ ini. Monte ngasih bocoran materi album barunya yang berjudul „The sun insect‟.

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Date Code Switching Case Reasons of Code Switching L Q M A S P S M S I U E T H E E A O N O S T O R M K C September Now playing soundtrack of the month. Now playing soundtrack of the month. √ 18, 2013 Please welcome giving to you Robin thick featuring 2 keys of two glamour, soundtrack of this month along this September – give it to you Enjoy the fresh new single of Mr.Robin thick with „give it to you‟. Melalui single „give it to you‟ ini, kali ini Robin Thick ..... change untuk berkolaborasi untuk dijadikan single kedua di album Robin Thick „truth life‟ Tidak hanya itu aja, pengerjaan single...juri dari reality show „Duets‟ ini mendapat bantuan dari Dr. Look dan Will.A.M yang duduk dibangku produser Thick sendiri yang menganggap lagu ini adalah lagu yang paling menyenangkan yang pernah dia kerjakan karena lagu ini memiliki sentuhan alam Michael Jackson, Prince tapi juga mengandung unsur Hip Hop. Sementara untuk album Robin Thick sendiri mengatakan bahwa dia ingin lebih banyak bersenang-senang daripada membahas kehidupannya lagi seperti di album-album selanjutnya. Are you ready to have some fun with Robin Thick along this September? because this is our soundtrack of this month. Along this september „give it to you‟ with Robin Thick featuring Cez and Conciz Glamour. Don‟t forget to colour your dream with swaragama fm the soundtrack of your life. Saya Boni prasetyo untuk soundtrack of the month. Soundtrack of the month is presented by Swaragama FM September Swaragama FM the soundtrack of your life. Colour your dream and live orange. √ √ 18, 2013 Live on the right track and make a change. This is sore dengan „Ssst‟. Yang ngerasa hari ini gila bangett gitu ya, kayaknya hectic banget hari ini. Sabar ya, mungkin ini yang justru bikin kamu kuat dikemudian hari September yah, nglakuin hal-hal yang menyenangkan, refreshing. Mungkin salah satunya cari √ 18, 2013 tempat makan yang enak dan kece September Bisa ni sekarang udah sholat maghrib, mandi, sudah cakep dan sudah kece tinggal √ 18, 2013 langsung meluncur ke Down Ski Kitchen. Sambil ditemenin satu lagu terbaru dari Agnes Mo with „things will get better‟. This is special for you on Sunset Drive paket panas. September Swaragama FM, the soundtrack of your life. This is Miley Cyrus with „we can‟t √ 18, 2013 stop‟

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Date Code Switching Case Reasons of Code Switching L Q M A S P S M S I U E T H E E A O N O S T O R M K C September „we can‟t stop‟, we won‟t stop. Kayaknya kamu apa gitu ya gak akan berhenti untuk √ 18, 2013 membeli barang baru dan masukin ke kamar kamu yang udah sumpek itu September Jual deh barang-barang kamu yang udah ga kamu butuhkan di tokobagus.com. caranya √ 18, 2013 gampang banget, kamu tinggal buat iklan dari rumah online dari smartphone kamu gratis dan gak perlu biaya apa-apa. Jual tas, sepatu-sepatu lama sampai boneka. Semuanya bisa dijual di tokobagus.com. Nah kalo bisa jadi duit, kenapa engga? September Nah follow aja twitternya @tokobagus untuk info-info lebih lanjut tentang toko bagus . √ 18, 2013 Kalo ada yang butuh duit jual aja di tokobagus.com. September udah full moon, padahal baru tanggal 18. Biasanya kan tanggal 20an kan ya? √ 18, 2013 Sept18, 2013 biasanya kalo udah full moon susah tidur jadinya kayak gitu. √ Sept18, 2013 gila kan.Bridging saya √ September hahaha jadi ni akademia jogja. Kalo karena full moon kamu ga bisa tidur gak apa apa, √ 18, 2013 jadi sambil tidur ngelihatin bulannya September lavenda yang mengandung vitamin A, C, E, aloe vera dan moisturizer untuk menjaga √ 18, 2013 kulit tetap lembut dan tidak kering. September oke ni, karena hari rabu ni akademia Jogja rabu ini banyak yang galau-galau gimana √ 18, 2013 gitu, your request is our comment, ya kan September betul in this diary malam ini kita ingin membahas tentang faktor utama dari yang √ 18, 2013 namanya kegalauan tidak lain dan tidak bukan si Exs.. September mencintaimu sampai mati, mati, mati. Haduhh..akademia jogja, kalo ngomongin mantan √ 18, 2013 tu gak ada habisnya. Never ending story September api kalo kamu udah dapet satu orang yang bisa bikin kamu gak mikirin mantan kamu, lo √ 18, 2013 happy banget pastinya September apa ya, perhatian yang memang bikin kamu keinget dia terus di Wednesday diary kali √ √ 18, 2013 ini kita cuma pengen nanya buat kamu yang ada diposisi ini ya, sekedar cerita boleh, kalo kamu udah punya pacar sekarang sekedar cerita aja tapi jangan sampe dipikirin banget. Tapi misalnya kalo kamu belum punya pacar lagi masih pengen move on lagi sama mantan kamu kasih tau dong sama kita, satu alasan aja

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Date Code Switching Case Reasons of Code Switching L Q M A S P S M S I U E T H E E A O N O S T O R M K C September ada space yang cuman bisa dimasukin sama orang itu. Hehehe..jadi kita nungguin cerita √ √ 18, 2013 kamu di 08112501017, ketiknya Wednesday diary spasi nama kamu spasi ceritanya oke September Satu alasan aja akademia jogja. Kasih tau sama kita ya ketiknya WD spasi nama kamu √ √ 18, 2013 spasi cerita kamu silahkan kirim ke 08112501017 atau bisa mention via twitter @swaragmafm. Sharing is caring… September swaragama FM the soundtrack of your life. Novita Dewi dan Samantha Jade with √ 18, 2013 „breaking even‟. Lirih ya akademia jogja September liriknya aja reff-nya ‘what am I gonna do when the best part of me was only you and √ 18, 2013 what am I supposed to say when I took up your key and falling to pieces‟ September liriknya, ini ni yang lebih kecenya lagi adalah „one still in love while the others √ 18, 2013 leaving‟ September nyesek bangettt.. nah sekarang ni temanya di Wednesday diary kenapa sih kok √ 18, 2013 mengharu biru kayak gini? Karena kita sekarang lagi ngomongin soal mantan yang mungkin belum bisa kamu relain, ikhlasin karena kebaikan-kebaikan dia yang telat kamu menyadarinya. Baru sadar kamu sekarang, mantan kamu the best part of you girl or guy for you yang mungkin itu dia tadi ga sadar sebelumnya. Sept18, 2013 but everybody is deserved to have second chance, right? √ September even give a break, beneran maksudku gini...kamu harus bisa ngeliat kalo dia sekali √ 18, 2013 selingkuh ya kamu omongi dulu. September betul, okey..nah kalo akademia jogja mau ikutan juga cerita sama Fania sama Azad di √ 18, 2013 Wednesday Diary ketiknya adalah WD spasi nama spasi ceritanya September Swaragama FM, the soundtrack of your life. The burn and Bee „how deep is your √ 18, 2013 love‟ dari Debijis cover. Ini masih di Wednesday Diary disini September okey, kalo akademia jogja di telfon dari 55017 diangkat ya, itu dari Swaragama FM kita √ 18, 2013 pengen kamu sekedar sharing online gitu September ia bilang ga bisa lupain mantannya soalnya hubungan yang aku bangun soalnya bukan √ 18, 2013 cuma sama dia tapi juga sama keluarganya. And how I can move on when I still love with her. Nah itu, emang sebenernya yang paling penting gimana caranya kamu cinta sama dia. If you love her deep, itulah the hardest part-nya.

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Date Code Switching Case Reasons of Code Switching L Q M A S P S M S I U E T H E E A O N O S T O R M K C September betul..betul..betul di Sunset Drive paket panas barengan sama Fania Zetira dan Azad √ 19, 2013 Gibran. Kalo kamu mau request akademia jogja boleh, lagu yang jadi soundtrack hidup kamu ke 08112501017 September Swaragama FM, the soundtrack of your life. Maroon 5 with „give me little more‟ √ 19, 2013 September Mereka ni kalo ngeluarin apapun pasti jadi hits. √ 19, 2013 September Oh bapak, suaranya yang mana pak?... „Oh baby‟ √ 19, 2013 September Tadi tu yang falseto yang bagian belakangnya doang, saya yang nambahin. Itu yang √ 19, 2013 nambah-nambahin September dan seperti biasa kita akan membuat kamu tersenyum di Sunset Drive paket panas √ 19, 2013 sampai nanti jam 7 malam dan kita tungguin request yang mau kamu dengerin di 08112501017 September betul, kalo via Line ya kan dan Kakaotalk juga bisa, silahkan di-search aja di √ 19, 2013 Swaragama FM. Eh lewat twitter juga boleh lho September Swaragama FM,the soundtrack of your life. This is JKT 48 with „river‟ √ 19, 2013 Sept19, 2013 betul, dan kamu ikutan juga dong. Nescafe trick art competition √ September dimana kamu bisa menangin Samsung Galaxy mini, power bank, dan juga flash disk. √ 19, 2013 Sept19, 2013 Nescafe trick art competition, dari ngopi jadi hidup… √ September judul lagunya aja „do it‟ coba hahaha.. do it ,do it. Ehh..J.Lo sematre itu ternyata √ 19, 2013 padahal dia udah banyak duit ye. Hahaha..bukan ya September pasti ngeti juga handphone yang bagus dan bersahabat sama duit kamu yang sekarang. √ 19, 2013 September udah liat akademia jogja, Lenovo K900 with Intel inside. Untuk masalah kecepatannya √ 19, 2013 ni, Lenovo K900 with Intel inside ini didukung dengan processor Intel. Feature-nya adalah hyper traiding yang udah terbukti untuk multi tasking tanpa baterainya terkuras

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Date Code Switching Case Reasons of Code Switching L Q M A S P S M S I U E T H E E A O N O S T O R M K C September asyik ya, udah smartphone-nya kece, diajak jalan-jalan ke Hongkong, bisa jalan-jalan √ 19, 2013 kece September jangan lupa kalo kamu kita hubungin password-nya adalah hidupkan tiap helai √ 19, 2013 rambutmu. By the way, kalo ngomongin rambut kasar dan kusam itu disebabkan oleh disebabkan oleh hilangnya kesimbangan kelembapan pada rambut. Sept19, 2013 Okey, selamat datang di kuis Emeron Nutritive shampoo, naturally different. √ September jangan lupa kalo misalnya kita hubungin, kamu dihubungin oleh tim swaragama FM √ 19, 2013 55017 password-nya adalah hidupkan tiap helai rambutmu. September Swaragama FM, the soundtrack of your life. This is Enda and Reza with „dance with √ 19, 2013 me‟ Sept19, 2013 satu lagu yang udah di-request sama trisapta, terima kasih. „dance with me‟ √ September semuanya disajikan dalam ukuran large dan kamu bisa upgrade porsinya ke ukuran √ 19, 2013 jumbo. Makanya kamu langsung aja ke sushi story Seturan ya. September jangan lupa password-nya kalo kita telfon kamu adalah hidupkan tiap helai rambutmu. √ 19, 2013 Kalo gak langsung kita putusin kamu. Ahh..kamu gitu sama aku, aku udah ga kuat September Swaragama FM, the soundtrack of your life. Ya masih di kuis Emeron Nutritive √ √ 19, 2013 shampoo, naturally different dimana kita akan ngasih Rp.200.000 buat kamu yang bisa menjawab dengan benar September okey, kalo misalnya ditelfon jangan lupa password-nya yang bener. Barusan kita nelfon √ 19, 2013 orang password-nya salah September gak bisa kalo gitu. Kalo gitu kita masih mencari buat yang beruntung. Karena kalo √ 19, 2013 beruntung, tone password-nya harus bener, hidupkan tiap helai rambutmu September ok jadi dengarkan baik-baik akademia jogja. Password-nya adalah hidupkan tiap helai √ 19, 2013 rambutmu. September Swaragama FM, the soundtrack of your life. colour your dream and live orange. √ 19, 2013 Live in the right track and make a change September the one that I found you. kayaknya kita udah menemukan titik terang siapakah yang √ 19, 2013 akan mendapatkan Rp.200.000 persembahan Emeron nutritive shampoo naturally different.

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Date Code Switching Case Reasons of Code Switching L Q M A S P S M S I U E T H E E A O N O S T O R M K C September betul, jangan lupa password-nya dong √ 19, 2013 September dan kita udah terhubung sama Lestari. Selamat sore password-nya? √ 19, 2013 September Swaragama FM,the soundtrack of your life. colour your dream and live orange. √ 19, 2013 September Ellie Goulding with „burn‟ yah, hehehe √ 19, 2013 September woww..bener ya ada step by step-nya terasa ya √ 19, 2013 September Tapi memang passion-nya di bank ya mas Made ya. Memang mengikuti dari awal step- √ 19, 2013 nya selalu di bank ya. Memang tertariknya sama dunia perbankan. September jadi kalo bisa dijelasin ini adalah dream comes true. Nah kalo dilihat dari basic √ 19, 2013 pendidikannya sendiri sesuai gak siha antara dulu yang dipelajari dengan profesi yang sekarang? September Apakah getting this career karena kita biasa tahu anak lulusan apa,mahasiswa jurusan √ √ 19, 2013 apa akhirnya kuliahnya gak nyambung akhirnya malah di banker padahal gak ada basic. Sebenarnya signifikan gak sih? Sept19, 2013 Swaragama FM, the soundtrack of your life. This is Pink with „try‟ akademia jogja. √ September kalo kamu mencoba untuk move on, ya kan. Tapi kalo kamu masuk kamar kamu sendiri √ 19, 2013 nih penuh barang-barang yang punya kenangan September nah itu dia yang jadi PR susah hahaha..mau apa masuk ke kamar udah mau move on √ 19, 2013 eh tiba-tiba lihat barang-barangnya jadi inget sama si mantan September Nah daripada bikin penuh sama kamar kamu dan kamu move on juga. Jual deh barang- √ 19, 2013 barang yang ga kepake tadi di tokobagus.com September jangan lupa follow twitternya @tokobagus untuk info-info lebih lanjut tentang √ 19,2013 tokobagus.com. September Okey, latar belakang keluarga itu juga meng-influence jadi poin yang penting juga ya √ 19, 2013 mas Made

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Date Code Switching Case Reasons of Code Switching L Q M A S P S M S I U E T H E E A O N O S T O R M K C September nice nice dan dikirim sekarang juga ke 08112501017. Walaupun kita akan memberikan √ 19, 2013 goodie bag tapi yang paling penting adalah ilmu yang akan kita dapet yang bakal di-sharing, September Swaragama FM, the soundtrack of your life. So wake up everybody, okey dan kita √ √ 19, 2013 masih ngobrol-ngbrol sama Tiga profesional senior dari Citibank Indonesia September Okey, so is it about system flow √ 19, 2013 September okey dan itu langsung nyambung juga pertanyaan dari twitter @wennykt apakah yang √ 19, 2013 diterima sama bank-bank asing harus lulusan dari luar negeri Dan S2? mungkin dari mbak Ike bisa langsung dijawab. Untuk policy-nya Citibank itu seperti apa? September bener, it‟s Friday again √ 20, 2013 September Jaman sekarang yang namanya gundah gulana dan galau mah udah jadi makanan √ 20, 2013 sehari-hari. Kurang perhatian kadang-kadang malah diumbar ke social media biar dapat perhatian. Di whatsuppin atau diLinein pacar September pake lagu yang jadi soundtrack hidup kamu. Pastinya di sunset drive paket panas √ 20, 2013 September Swaragama fm, the soundtrack of your life. Colour your dream and live orange. √ 20, 2013 Live on the right track and make a change. Gimana udah dijawab temennya? September yes, untuk masalah kecepatan ini, Lenovo k900 with intel inside ini didukung dengan √ 20, 2013 prosesor intel , feature-nya hyper 3d untuk multitasking baterainya tak terkuras dan tahan lama dalam 300 jam dalam kondisi standby September yes, dan kamu bisa menangkan hati kami di Sunset Drive paket panas dengan request √ √ 20, 2013 lagu yang jadi soundtrack hidup kamu September atau bisa mention @swaragamafm. Okey, mau via line atau kakotalk juga bisa tinggal √ 20, 2013 di-search aja swaragamafm September satu lagu ini yang kita puterin. Wah bakalan suka akademia jogja. This is one direction √ 20, 2013 with „best song ever‟ special for you Sept20, 2013 swaragama fm, the soundtrack of your life. This is Lady Gaga with lady √

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Date Code Switching Case Reasons of Code Switching L Q M A S P S M S I U E T H E E A O N O S T O R M K C September mother moster ne, bentuknya kayak gimana? √ 20, 2013 September emang Katy Perry lebih ke-ce kali ya. In my opinion…yahhh 20, 2013 September swaragama fm, the soundtrack of your life. Uuu…lagunya enak kan? √ 20, 2013 September bener, dan lebih jelas juga membuat tagline dan motto academia jogja. Bikin sekreatif √ 20, 2013 dan seunik mungkin. Tagline dari emeron nutrisoft menurut versimu September betul. OK, ketiknya Emeron spasi nama depan kamu sesuai identitas spasi enam digit √ 20, 2013 tanggal lahir kamu dan spasi tagline-nya September Jangan lupa kalo sudah dikirim nanti kita telfon jangan lupa untuk sebutkan password- √ 20, 2013 nya hidupkan tiap helai rambutmu. September ok kirim sekarang juga academia jogja ke 08112501017 dan jangan lupa kalo nanti kita √ 20, 2013 telfon password-nya adalah hidupkan tiap helai rambutmu Total 6 15 72 28 20 78 - - - 7

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Appendix 3. Interview Sheet

List of Questions Answer 1. What is your background study? X1: Undergraduate of communication department Majoring of media and journalism. Faculty of Social Science and Politic science. Gadjah Mada University X2: Undergraduate of Psychology. Faculty of Psychology and Social Culture Science. 2. As radio announcers do you have to X1: Actually, it is a point plus for an have English fluency? announcers if he or she has fluent in English. In Swaragama Radio, we play international songs, so we at least have to able to pronounce the singers, titles and information in the albums correctly because our announcers have to be smart, mature and fun characters. Therefore, we have to broaden our knowledge and also English fluency too. X2: Yes, I agree with X1. However, it is again back to individual itself. We have to improve English fluency in order to be more professional. X1: Yes, I learned at school and 3. Where did you learn English? Do English course. I have learned English you learn only at school or course? since I was a kid. I really like English since then. I had English courses when I was in elementary to junior high school. From senior high school, I learned English by self learning or autodidact. I learned with listening to English songs and watching English movies. I tried to motivate myself if learning English was fun and important. So, even though my English grade was moderate, but I kept learning English. There is a self proud when I can master foreign language. X2: I learned English when I was at elementary until university. I also took English course to improve my English skills. Especially, my job, an announcer, needs English for

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delivering message to listeners. At least as announcer, I have to one step forward know all the information around the world before the listeners. X1: Actually the Prime Time programs 4. Why does the “Sunset Drive” of Swaragama (YourFriends, program often switch Bahasa SunsetDrive dan Dreamland) are more Indonesia to English in the dynamic. It means that the announcers broadcasting? and producer are able to explore content and program. The Program Director of Swaragama wanted the program to be more appropriate with listeners. The listeners of the program have the age range from 18 years old to 30 years old. The using of English in the daily conversation is quite common among young people. So we often use English in our conversation. X2: It also happens because our call listeners were Akademia Jogja, that means educated people (universities students or high school students), and people such as our listeners are more aware of using English.

Notes: X1 : Announcer 1 X2 : Announcer 2 PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI