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Self-Service Barcode Scanner

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Self-Service Barcode Scanner A mi madre y a mi hermana, por estar siempre ahí, ayudándome y apoyándome en todo. A vosotros dos, allá donde estéis, por que cada día os echo más de menos. A todos los Exóticos, con los que empecé esta aventura allá por el 2007. A mi tutor Javier Fernández, por ayudarme y dejarme hacer esta locura. A todos mis Erasmus Rumanos, por haberme cambiado la vida. Y a mis hermanos musicales, por ponerle banda sonora a mi vida. "Señorah..., ¡Va por uhtedeh!" “No existen límites para la mente, salvo aquellos que nosotros ponemos” Napoleón Hill Resumen La Industria de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicaciones (TIC) ha sido la que más ha evolucionado durante las últimas décadas, desde la aparición de la Informática y el ordenador personal en nuestra sociedad. Bien es cierto, que todos los diferentes sectores industriales y domésticos se han adaptado a esta evolución y han hecho de estas tecnologías su sustento básico, de modo que actualmente es prácticamente imposible pensar en la existencia de una empresa que no disponga de una página web en Internet o que no utilice cualquier tipo de software/hardware para sus tareas diarias (programas, bases de datos, controladoras hardware…). Pero también es cierto que muchas otras industrias no han evolucionado tan rápido ni han incorporado las TIC a su trabajo diaro, tanto como lo han hecho otras. Es el caso de la industria de la alimentación y su distribución en tiendas, supermercados y grandes superficies. Si bien es verdad que, hoy día, es impensable la existencia de esta industria sin el soporte de las TIC en ella; también es cierto que el uso de elementos informáticos en dicha industria se queda rápidamente obsoleto y su evolución es prácticamente inexistemnte. Grandes empresas de este sector actualmente siguen utilizando las mismas computadoras e infraestructuras informáticas que hace 30-40 años. El proyecto que se plantea a continuación pretende ofrecer un acercamiento de las TIC a este sector, centrándose en el uso de terminales modernos, elementos móviles, diseño y planteamiento de una solución eficiente para la industria de distribución de alimentos. Además, y aprovechando la constante interacción actual existente entre usuarios y ordenadores gracias a la aparición de smartphones, tablets y otros dispositivos electrónicos móviles; pretende hacer partícipe al cliente como usuario final del sistema, y del mismo modo, también partícipe de la propia solución. El principal objetivo del proyecto es ahorrar tiempo de espera, tanto a los clientes como a los trabajadores de la industria, mejorando de manera significativa el proceso de compra en dichos establecimientos. A lo largo de las siguientes páginas, se dará un breve repaso a las tecnologías utilizadas durante el desarrollo del proyecto, así como también a su evolución histórica desde sus inicios hasta nuestros días. Del mismo modo, también se hará hincapié en los requisitos para el desarrollo, análisis y diseño del mismo. Abstract The Information Technology and Communications Industry (ITC) has experimented a huge evolution during the last decades, since the appearance of modern Computing and the Personal Computer in our society. Is well known that all the different industrial and domestic sectors adapted to this evolution and they made these technologies their working basis, making almost impossible to think about any company which does not have an Internet Web page or a company which does not use any kind of software/hardware component for their daily work (computer programs, databases, hardware controllers…). However, it is well known that other companies, nor have evolved as fast as the ITC, neither have they used the TIC as much as some other companies did. The retail industry is a good example of this situation. It is true that, nowadays, is inconceivable the existence of this industry without the ITC support, but it is also true that the use of computers in this industry is highly outdated and its evolution is almost nonexistent. Big enterprises of this sector are currently using computers and infrastructures which are 30-40 years old. The project shown right after tries to provide an initial approach of the ITC to this sector, focusing in the use of modern computers, mobile elements, design and proposal of an efficient solution for the retail business. Furthermore, and taking advantage of the current interaction between users and smartphones, tables, and other mobile devices; it tries to make the customers take part of the typicall solution. The main goal for this project is to save waiting time, for the customers and the industry workers, improving meaningfully the shopping process in these places. During the following pages, a brief review of the used technologies will be presented, together with its historical evolution, from its beginings up to our days. At the same time, the development and analysis requirements together with the system design will be emphasized and explained in detail. Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................. 8 Index of Figures .............................................................................................................................. 12 Index of Tables ................................................................................................................................ 15 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 18 1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 19 1.2 Motivation ......................................................................................................................... 19 1.3 Main Goals ......................................................................................................................... 21 1.4 Planning ............................................................................................................................. 22 1.5 Content .............................................................................................................................. 24 State of the Art .............................................................................................................................. 25 2.1 Brief Computer History ...................................................................................................... 26 The Early Years: a historic approximation .......................................................................... 26 The Analytic Machine ......................................................................................................... 26 The First Computers ........................................................................................................... 27 Electronic Computers ......................................................................................................... 27 Integrated Circuits .............................................................................................................. 28 Current Evolution ............................................................................................................... 28 2.2 Touchscreen Interfaces ...................................................................................................... 29 1960s: The First Touchscreen ............................................................................................. 29 1970s: Resistive Touchscreens ........................................................................................... 29 1980s: The Touch Decade................................................................................................... 30 1990s: Touchscreen Revolution .......................................................................................... 31 2000s: The New Millennium ............................................................................................... 32 2010s: Today and Tomorrow ............................................................................................. 33 2.3 Barcode Tags ...................................................................................................................... 33 Where do they come from? ................................................................................................ 33 How do they work? ............................................................................................................ 35 Barcode Encodings ............................................................................................................. 36 2.4 Raspberry Pi ....................................................................................................................... 40 2.5 Retail Business: Present Situation ...................................................................................... 41 Analysis .......................................................................................................................................... 42 3.1 General Description ........................................................................................................... 43 3.2 Main Users of the System .................................................................................................. 44 3.3 User Requirements ............................................................................................................ 45 3.4.1 Capability
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