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The Three Additions to Daniel, a Study The Three Additions to Daniel, A Study William Heaford Daubney The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Three Additions to Daniel, A Study by William Heaford Daubney This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: The Three Additions to Daniel, A Study Author: William Heaford Daubney Release Date: May 24, 2004 [EBook #12420] Language: English Character set encoding: UTF-8 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THREE ADDITIONS TO DANIEL *** THE THREE ADDITIONS TO DANIEL A Study BY WILLIAM HEAFORD DAUBNEY, B.D. JEREMIE PRIZEMAN, 1873 FORMERLY VICAR OF HARLINGTON, BEDFORDSHIRE, AND RECTOR OF LEASINGHAM, LINCOLNSHIRE; AUTHOR OF THE "USE OF THE APOCRYPHA IN THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH," ETC. Ελό γησαν τ θε τ σώζοντι τος λπ ίζοντας π ατό ν. --_Hist. Sus. v. 60._ CAMBRIDGE DEIGHTON BELL AND CO. LONDON G. BELL & SONS 1906 To my Wife Alice Daubney PREFACE The three apocryphal portions of Daniel considered in this book have often been hardly judged. One of them had almost become a byword of contempt for fabulous inventiveness. Yet the writer hopes that he has succeeded in shewing that they are worthy of more serious attention than they have frequently received. The prejudice long existing in this country against the Apocrypha as a whole has told heavily against two at any rate of these booklets; and he who attempts to investigate the nature and origin of the Additions to Daniel finds himself following a track which is anything but well beaten. The number of commentaries or treatises in English dealing directly with these works is very small. Indeed, considering the position accorded to them by the Church, it is surprisingly so. And of those which exist, some are not very valuable for accurate study. Hence, in preparing a treatise of this kind, materials have to be quarried and brought together from varied and distant sources; and the work, small as its result may be in size, has proved a laborious one. The conclusions arrived at on many points are but provisional; for the writer thinks that the day has not yet come when the source and place of these Additions to Daniel can be surely and incontrovertibly fixed. It is to be hoped that further evidence and longer study will eventually make these matters clearer than they are at present. Meanwhile, careful and unprejudiced work upon the subject, by whomsoever undertaken, cannot but tend towards that goal; and the author trusts that he may have contributed something which will help, at least a little, towards the solution of the difficult problem presented. The Song of the Three and the Histories of Susanna and of Bel and the Dragon are most interesting memorials of the spirit of their time, though that time may be difficult to fix precisely. And when looked at from the religious point of view they are replete with valuable moral lessons for "example of life and instruction of manners," to borrow the terms which the Sixth Article of Religion employs with regard to the Apocryphal books. An attempt has been made, in a concluding chapter on each book, to draw some of these lessons out, so that they may be easily available for such homiletic and other purposes as are contemplated in that Article. The study of these three pieces supplementary to Daniel has convinced the writer that they are of more value than has been generally supposed, and are worthy of the attention of biblical scholars in a much higher degree than that which has usually been accorded to them. If he has in any way helped in providing materials, or in suggesting ideas, which may fructify in abler hands, he will be rewarded for the researches he has made. It appears to him that there is much connected with these books which we are unable now fully to discover; much about which it is unwise to dogmatize; many questions which must be treated as open ones; many problems which can at most only receive provisional solutions, till further facts are elicited and further insight given. The time is apparently still distant when the origin and true standing of these Additions can be certainly assigned to them: for, at the present, agreement amongst Christians on these points shews but little sign of being arrived at. Yet we trust that the time will come when deeper knowledge will make it possible for disputed points to be settled. "The patience of the godly shall not be frustrate" (Ecclus. xvi. 13). In conclusion I must record my hearty thanks to Dr. Sinker, Librarian of Trinity College, Cambridge, for the great assistance he has given me in correcting the proof-sheets, as well as for his constant kindness in many other ways, of which these words are but an insufficient acknowledgment. W.H.D. ST. MARGARET'S GATE, BURY ST. EDMUNDS. _St. Matthias' Day_, 1906. CONTENTS PREFACE PART I. INTRODUCTION PART II. THE SONG OF THE THREE HOLY CHILDREN. Analysis 1. Title and Position 2. Authorship 3. Date and Place of Writing 4. For Whom and with what Object Written 5. Integrity and State of the Text 6. Language and Style 7. Religious and Social State 8. Theology 9. Chronology 10. Canonicity 11. Early Christian Literature and Art 12. Liturgical Use 13. "Example of Life and Instruction of Manners" PART III. THE HISTORY OF SUSANNA. Analysis 1. Title and Position 2. Date and Place of Writing 3. Authorship 4. For Whom and with what Object Written 5. Integrity and State of the Text 6. Language and Style 7. Religious and Social State 8. Theology 9. Chronology 10. Canonicity 11. Early Christian Literature and Art 12. "Example of Life and Instruction of Manners" PART IV. THE HISTORY OF BEL AND THE DRAGON. Analysis 1. Title and Position 2. Authorship 3. Date and Place of Writing 4. For Whom and with what Object Written 5. Integrity and State of the Text 6. Language and Style 7. Religious and Social State 8. Theology 9. Chronology 10. Canonicity 11. Early Christian Literature and Art 12. "Example of Life and Instruction of Manners" INDEX OF PROPER NAMES INDEX OF SCRIPTURE TEXTS [The text of the 'Additions' used throughout is that of Dr. Swete's _Old Testament in Greek_, Vol. III. ed. 2, Cambridge, 1899.] PART I INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION. These Additions differ from the other Apocryphal books, except the "rest of" Esther, in not claiming to be separate works, but appearing as supplements to a canonical book. The Song of the Three Children takes its assumed place between vv. 23 and 24 of Dan. iii.; the History of Susanna in the language of the A.V. is "set apart from the beginning of Daniel"; and Bel and the Dragon is "cut off from the end of" the same book. The first of these additions alone has an organic connection with the main narrative; the other two are independent scenes from the life, or what purports to be the life, of Daniel--episodes, one in his earlier, one in his later, career. In the Song, Daniel personally does not appear at all; in Susanna and in Bel he plays a conspicuous part; in Susanna appearing as a sort of 'deus ex machina' to set things right at the end; and in Bel he is an essential actor in the whole story. It is hoped to shew, amongst other things, that the dissimilarity supposed to exist between these additions and the rest of Daniel is by no means so great as has sometimes been imagined. The opinion of one of the latest commentators on Daniel (Marti, Tübingen, 1901, p. xx) may be taken as a fair sample of this view. He thinks these pieces by no means congruous with the canonical Daniel: "Den Abstand dieser apokryphischen Erzählungen von dem in hebraram. Dan. aufgenommen Volkstradition kann niemand verkennen." So far as these additions to the contents of Daniel are concerned, he would agree with the exaggerated statement of Trommius as to all the Apocrypha: "ad libros canonicos S. Scripturæ proprie non pertinent nec cum Græca eorum versione quicquam commune habent," etc. (_Concord. Præf._ § xi.). The sharp distinction drawn by J.M. Fuller also between the style and thought of these additions, and of the canonical Daniel, is far too strong: "as clearly marked as between the canonical and apocryphal gospels." Few will think the separation between them so wide as this (_Speaker's Comm. Introd. to Dan._ p. 221a). Moreover, they are much less obviously incongruous, less plainly meant for edifying "improvements" by a later hand, than the Additions to Esther. But beyond the connection, more or less strong, which these pieces have with the canonical book, they have also a connection, by means of certain similar features, with one another. All have this in common, viz. the celebration or record of some deliverance. God's persecuted people are rescued from mortal danger. In the first and third cases they suffer at the hands of idolaters; in the second, of Jewish co-religionists. In each case they provide us with a scene from Israelitish life "in a strange land." They are tales of the Babylonian Captivity. In each story the ministry of angels, giving aid against visible foes, takes a prominent place; though in Susanna these appearances are suppressed in Theodotion's version, an angel, however, being just mentioned in Daniel's sentences of condemnation. In each case too there is distinct progress under God's guiding hand; things are left much better at the end than at the beginning.
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