Trotter Review Volume 17 Issue 1 Literacy, Expression and the Language of Article 4 Resistence 9-21-2007 Black Expressive Art, Resistant Cultural Politics, and the [Re] Performance of Patriotism Deborah Elizabeth Whaley University of Iowa Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.umb.edu/trotter_review Part of the African American Studies Commons, Music Commons, and the Politics and Social Change Commons Recommended Citation Whaley, Deborah Elizabeth (2007) "Black Expressive Art, Resistant Cultural Politics, and the [Re] Performance of Patriotism," Trotter Review: Vol. 17: Iss. 1, Article 4. Available at: http://scholarworks.umb.edu/trotter_review/vol17/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the William Monroe Trotter Institute at ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. It has been accepted for inclusion in Trotter Review by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. For more information, please contact
[email protected]. THE TROTTER REVIEW Black Expressive Art, Resistant Cultural Politics, and the [Re] Performance of Patriotism Deborah Elizabeth Whaley Introduction During World War I, the Boston editor William Monroe Trotter described black American patriotism as a cautious endeavor and America's willingness to participate in the World War while it turned its back on domestic issues as misguided. In an era when freedom bypassed most black women and men within the nation-state of America and in an era of mass lynching in the American South, he proclaimed that black Americans and the U.S. government might refocus their efforts on making the world safer for "Negroes." As historian Eric Foner reminds us, black Americans were aware of the limits of American proclamations of freedom that Trotter alludes to in his discussion of nationalist loyalty during war: It was among black Americans that the wartime language of freedom inspired the most exalted hopes.