What Is New Age Education?
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Book Reviews Religious Syncretism and Deviance in Islamic And
Turkish Historical Review 3 (2012) 91–113 brill.nl/thr Book Reviews Religious syncretism and deviance in Islamic and Christian orthodoxies Angeliki Konstantakopoulou * Gilles Veinstein (ed.), Syncrétisme religieux et déviances de l’Orthodoxie chré- tienne et islamique. Syncrétismes et hérésies dans l’Orient Seldjoukide et Ottoman (XIVe-XVIIIe siècle), Actes du Colloque du Collège de France, Octobre 2001 (Paris: Peeters, 2005) (Collection Turcica, vol. 9), pp. 428, ISBN 904 2 915 49 8. Various aspects of the question of religious syncretism in the Middle East have repeatedly been the subject of research. Seen from an ‘orientalist’ and idealistic point of view, this question has been dealt with by national historiographies in a predictably justifi catory fashion. Moreover, after the end of the Cold War era, it resurfaced, integrated into wider questions such as that of the politicisa- tion of religion or that of the emergence of “ethnic-identities”, an issue which has recently engulfed the institutions of the European Union. In the current enfl amed situation, the historian has diffi culty in detaching himself/herself from the crucial present debate on religion/culture and confl icts (dictated as an almost exclusive approach and topic of research according to the lines of the ‘clash of civilizations’ theory). Often encountering retrospective and anachronistic interpretations, (s)he needs to revisit, among other issues, the question of the religious orthodoxies and of the deviances from them. Th e collective work presented here is, in short, an attempt to explore respective phenomena in their own historical terms. Th e participants at the Colloque of the Collège de France in October 2001 developed new analyses and proposed responses to an historical phenomenon which is linked in various ways to cur- rent political-ideological events (Preface by Gilles Veinstein, pp xiii-xiv). -
QUESTION 39 Schism We Next Have to Consider the Vices That Are Opposed to Peace and That Involve Deeds: Schism (Schisma) (Quest
QUESTION 39 Schism We next have to consider the vices that are opposed to peace and that involve deeds: schism (schisma) (question 39); strife (rixa) (question 41); sedition (seditio) (question 42); and war (bellum) (question 40). On the first topic there are four questions: (1) Is schism a special sin? (2) Is schism a more serious sin than unbelief? (3) Do schismatics have any power? (4) Are schismatics appropriately punished with excommunication? Article 1 Is schism a special sin? It seems that schism is not a special sin: Objection 1: As Pope Pelagius says, “Schism (schisma) sounds like scissor (scissura).” But every sin effects some sort of cutting off—this according to Isaiah 59:2 (“Your sins have cut you off from your God”). Therefore, schism is not a special sin. Objection 2: Schismatics seem to be individuals who do not obey the Church. But a man becomes disobedient to the precepts of the Church through every sin, since sin, according to Ambrose, “is disobedience with respect to the celestial commandments.” Therefore, every sin is an instance of schism. Objection 3: Heresy likewise cuts a man off from the unity of the Faith. Therefore, if the name ‘schism’ implies being cut off, then schism does not seem to differ as a special sin from the sin of unbelief. But contrary to this: In Contra Faustum Augustine distinguishes schism from heresy as follows: “Schism is believing the same things as the others and worshiping with the same rites, but being content merely to split the congregation, whereas heresy is believing things that are diverse from what the Catholic Church believes.” Therefore, schism is not a general sin. -
The Legacy of an Anticolonial Religious Leader in Today’S Vietnam
Kyoto University A Posthumous Return from Exile: The Legacy of an Anticolonial Religious Leader in Today’s Vietnam Janet Hoskins* The 2006 return of the body Phạm Công Tắc, one of the founding spirit mediums of Caodaism and its most famous 20th century leader, re-awakened controversies about his life and legacy among Caodaists both in Vietnam and in the diaspora. This paper argues that his most important contribution lay in formulating a utopian project to support the struggle for independence by providing a religiously based repertoire of concepts to imagine national autonomy, and a separate apparatus of power to achieve it. Rather than stressing Tắc’s political actions, which have been well documented in earlier studies (Blagov 2001; Bernard Fall 1955; Werner 1976), I focus instead on a reading of his sermons, his séance transcripts and commentaries, histories published both in Vietnam and in the diaspora, and conversations with Caodaists in several countries when the appropriateness of returning his body was being debated. Keywords: Vietnamese religion, anti-colonial struggle, diaspora, postcolonial theory On November 1, 2006, excited crowds in Tây Ninh gathered in front of the huge central gate to their sacred city, which had not been opened for half a century. The large octag- onal tomb on the way to the Great Temple had been built for Phạm Công Tắc, Caodaism’s most famous and controversial 20th century leader, and planned as his final resting place, but it had sat empty for decades. Now, news had come that the gate would be opened on this day to receive a funeral procession coming from Cambodia, bearing his remains in a dragon shaped carriage, where his body would be welcomed, celebrated with a full night of prayers and chanting, and then finally laid to rest. -
St. Teresaof Avila the Co-Cathedral of Saint Joseph
MASS SCHEDULE Sunday 9:00 AM - Creole 11:00 AM - English 1:30 PM - Spanish Weekdays THE CO-CATHEDRAL 8:00 AM - English 8:30 AM - Creole OF SAINT JOSEPH 9:00 AM - Spanish AUGUST 8TH, 2021 CO-CATHEDRAL AND ST. TERESA STAFF NINETEENTH SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME RECTOR The Reverend Christopher R. Heanue On this Sunday, we continue to read from the “Bread of [email protected] Life discourse” found in the sixth chapter of John’s Gospel. PAROCHIAL VICAR Recall that we have been reading from this chapter for the The Reverend Pascal Louis [email protected] past two weeks and will continue to read from it for another two. Last week, the crowd asked for a sign that would show PRIESTS IN RESIDENCE that Jesus came from God. Jesus replied by saying that he The Reverend Monsignor Sean G. Ogle [email protected] is the sign and the bread of life sent by God. At this point, our Lectionary omits six verses in which Jesus predicts the The Reverend Sebastián Sardo unbelief of the crowd and further develops his connection DEACON with God the Father. In these verses, Jesus says that he was Deacon Fausto Duran sent by God to do the Father’s will. Jesus promises that tho- [email protected] se who look upon the Son with faith will find eternal life. DEACON/RCIA DIRECTOR Some of these themes are repeated in today’s Gospel reading. Deacon Manuel H. Quintana [email protected] Today’s Gospel begins with a report that the Jews complained about Jesus’ claims RELIGIOUS EDUCATION regarding his identity. -
New Age and Neopagan Religions in America
CHAPTER SEVEN The Age of Aquarius Although the idea of a New Age was popularized by Alice Bailey in the early twentieth century, the term had been around at least since the American Rev- olution before it was used self-consciously by Theosophists like her who be- lieved a “master” would come to enlighten humanity and usher us into a new age. The concept picked up relevance as the s counterculture looked to- ward the Age of Aquarius as a utopian future of peace and equality. Move- ments aimed at social and personal transformation that emerged or were given new meaning in the s continue to shape New Age and Neopagan religions. Ideas about the expected new era vary among Neopagans and New Agers, just as they ranged in the s from social revolution to com- munal escape from society. But most agree that it will include a changed dy- namic between men and women, healthy diet, holistic healing practices, and peacefulness. Along with and related to holistic healing and feminist restructuring, en- vironmentalist concerns are seen as key in bringing about the transformation of society. Many New Agers and Neopagans believe that an ecologically vi- able relationship to the natural world will characterize the future age, when humans will live more harmoniously on earth. Some also believe the earth it- self, a living being that has been ill used by humanity, will bring about cata- clysmic changes, while others expect a gradual dawning of enlightened con- sciousness among large numbers of people to usher in the New Age. Goddess religion will emerge from a “Great Purification,” claim some ob- servers, borrowing a phrase from Hopi prophecy: “Look at the freak weather phenomena all around us . -
1 Learning to See Reality As It Is
1 LEARNING TO SEE REALITY AS IT IS “To see is to be free” (Sri Bhagavan) INTRODUCTION The second seed group of the New Group of World Servers (NGWS) is that of the Trained Observers. They have been given the task of achieving freedom from the world illusion and glamour through “right observation” and “right direction” of the light of the soul. With this liberation of the illusion and glamour of the astral plane this group will inaugurate the era of light. This group has one of the most difficult tasks, which is seeing and teaching others to see reality as it is, and therefore seeing through the illusion of the all pervading glamour which seems very real for humanity in its current state of consciousness. For this the esoteric sense has to be developed, which means the possession of a constant inner contact with the soul. To cultivate this esoteric sense, and to achieve the needed detachment from form, regular meditation is needed, by which the intuition will be developed. Developing the intuition and bringing it into activity will eventually lead to solutions of many problems humanity is faced with today. In this paper I will go into the problem of humanity of being stuck in the material reality perceived by the lower personality. And I will elaborate on the contribution of the Trained Observers in solving this problem by learning humanity to see reality as it is by developing the esoteric sense and the intuition through meditation. THE GLAMOUR OF MATERIALITY In another paper ‘Dissipation of the Glamour of Materiality’ I wrote that one of the most pervading and enveloping glamours for humanity is the glamour of materiality. -
The General Principles of Alice Bailey's Esoteric Astrology
Spring 2019 The General Principles of Alice Bailey’s Esoteric Astrology Maureen Temple Richmond Abstract Introduction his essay penetrates behind the mass of uch interest in the esoteric astrological T information given by the Hierarchy in Al- M doctrine of Alice Bailey and the Tibetan ice Bailey’s Esoteric Astrology to identify the circulates in the metaphysical community to- core principles on which the system articulated day, and rightly so. As expounded in Esoteric in this volume is based. Synthesizing material Astrology and other of the Bailey works, this from Esoteric Astrology, the quintessential A system offers a stunningly enlightened alterna- Treatise on Cosmic Fire, and many more of tive to the sometimes trivial pronouncements the key Bailey works, this discussion points to of the astrological field in general. By contrast three distinct domains of knowledge central to to the treatments of dating and relationship the right comprehension of the esoteric astro- compatibility often featured in popular astrolo- logical doctrine of Alice Bailey: principles of gy, Bailey offers a view of human evolution causation, principles of energy dissemination, which plainly states that the individual can, if and principles of spiritual guidance. Sections willing, scale the heights of spiritual achieve- on each of the three domains detail the basis ment to walk among the stars and help cosmic for this assertion in the Bailey material. A sec- evolution onward. Yet, to do so, the individual tion on principles of causation explains that the needs must become a responsible receiver and basis of analysis in the discipline of esoteric distributor of energy impacts right here and astrology proceeds from the origin of all ener- now, amidst the affairs of life on planet Earth. -
New Religious Movements
New Religious Movements New Religious Movements: Challenge and response is a searching and wide-ranging collection of essays on the contemporary phenomenon of new religions. The contributors to this volume are all established specialists in the sociology, theology, law, or the history of new minority movements. The primary focus is the response of the basic institutions of society to the challenge which new religious movements represent. The orientation of this volume is to examine the way in which new movements in general have affected modern society in areas such as economic organisation; the operation of the law; the role of the media; the relationship of so-called ‘cult’ membership to mental health; and the part which women have played in leading or supporting new movements. Specific instances of these relationships are illustrated by reference to many of the most prominent new religions – Hare Krishna, The Brahma Kumaris, The Unification Church, The Jesus Army, The Family’, The Church of Scientology, and Wicca. For students of religion or sociology, New Religious Movements is an invaluable source of information, an example of penetrating analysis, and a series of thought-provoking contributions to a debate which affects many areas of contemporary life in many parts of the world. Contributors: Eileen Barker, James Beckford, Anthony Bradney, Colin Campbell, George Chryssides, Peter Clarke, Paul Heelas, Massimo Introvigne, Lawrence Lilliston, Gordon Melton, Elizabeth Puttick, Gary Shepherd, Colin Slee, Frank Usarski, Bryan Wilson. Bryan Wilson is an Emeritus Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. He is the author and editor of several books on sects and New Religious Movements. -
The Divine Plan
Gordon Herbert, September 2015 The Divine Plan There is a divine plan for our planet and for the role of humanity on it. Its source is in the divine councils of the universe, and it is implemented by the highest three kingdoms of Life on our planet.1 We humans have a role to play in cooperating with this plan to help bring about the ascension of the whole. Divine Purpose The ultimate purpose for humanity is unknown, as we are simply conscious cells within larger cosmic wholes. We would need to know the divine purpose of these many integrated “gods”, and hence of God Itself. However, masters and seers have suggested that the immediate purpose of our Planetary Logos is to create a planetary synthesis of all seven kingdoms of Life, with fully integrated systems, in order to bring about a tremendous solar revelation.2 This is the planetary equivalent of the integrated personality uniting with soul, freed of material attachments, and then uniting further with divine Will. In both human and planet this level of attainment is the fourth initiation of crucifixion and resurrection, marking the ascension out of one kingdom into the next, higher kingdom of Life.3 Cosmic beings cooperating with the will of the Planetary Logos manifest this process. They set the parameters of the Earth system to guide all aspects of planetary life, including the growth of human free will. Our will develops within the limits of their parameters, guided by karma, reincarnation and grace. It eventually leads, as a result of this learning, to a personal decision to unite with the will and purpose of the Planetary Logos, the Father, to be as one. -
Heresy Handout: a Convenient Guide to Eternal Damnation
Heresy Handout: A Convenient Guide to Eternal Damnation Christianity from its inception had difficulty maintaining its tenets in a population as diverse as Europe's. Strange mutations of Christianity kept popping up and they had to be reintegrated into the mainstream church. The "official" standard of belief is orthodoxy. On the other hand, heresy (or heterodoxy) refers to "unofficial" beliefs conflicting with the doctrine of the church fathers. Heresy becomes an actual crime under the Theodosian Code (438 A.D.), and being a heretic means damnation according to medieval thinkers. Most heresies fall into four general tendencies: (1) Dualistic heresies argued that two equally powerful spirits--a benevolent deity and a malevolent counterpart--were in constant warfare to control the universe. In orthodox medieval Christianity, the church fathers interpreted Satan as a being inferior to God. The devil--though rebellious--is merely a fallen angel who carries out God's will (i.e., he only torments or tempts humanity when God allows him to, á la Job). Dualistic heresies tended to see the two forces as equals, and many argued that the material world was entirely evil, in contrast with the orthodox position that the creation of God was “good, but fallen.” (2) Antinomianism covers any heresy that suggests an individual's religious experience outweighs the authority of church hierarchy, its scripture, or canon law. Arguing the scriptures are self-contradictory is also considered antinomianism. (3) Docetism occurs in any heresy that suggests that Christ was a being of pure spirit rather than having a corporeal body. Thus he never really "died" on the cross. -
The Astral Body with Blavatsky's Principal of ‘Kama’ (Desire) and Called It the Emotional Body
The Astral and Causal Bodies The first references to the Astral and Causal Bodies are found in the Upanishads the Ancient Philosophy of India. Historians have put the date of composition of the Upanishads to between 800 - 400 BC. The founder of Theosophy Helena Blavatsky also refers to the Astral and Causal Bodies. Theosophists C.W. Leadbeater and Annie Besant, equated the Astral Body with Blavatsky's principal of ‘Kama’ (desire) and called it the Emotional Body. The terms Astral Body, Desire Body, and Emotional Body have become synonymous. The Astral Body in later Theosophical writings is said to be ‘the vehicle of feelings and emotions’ through which ‘it is possible to experience all varieties of desire’. The Astral and Causal Bodies are also mentioned in the writings of Alice Bailey. Her books were written between 1919 and 1949. Her books were telepathically dictated to her by the Tibetan Master Djwal Khul. The texts describe him as a member of the 'Spiritual Hierarchy', or 'White Brotherhood', he is one of the Masters of the Ancient Wisdom, defined as the spiritual guides of mankind. Mandukya Upanishad The Mandukya Upanishad refers to the ‘Self’ (Soul) as having four "feet" or states of consciousness. These are - waking, dreaming, dreamless sleep, and the transcendent (Turiya). Each of these is associated with both an individual state of consciousness and a cosmic state. These four states of consciousness are linked to the four bodies – Physical, Astral, Causal and the Soul. Koshas According to Vedantic philosophy the Soul or Atma has five coverings or sheaths. These are called the Koshas. -
1 Combating Syncretism in Contemporary Seventh-Day
COMBATING SYNCRETISM IN CONTEMPORARY SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH THROUGH ENLIGHTENED MINISTRY Paper Presented at the 3rd International Conference on THE FUTURE OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN AFRICA By Philemon O. Amanze, Babcock University Felix Njini, Solusi University, Zimbabwe Josephat Hamoonga, Solusi University, Zimbabwe Justino Paulo, Solusi University, Zimbabwe August 24 – 26, 2015 1 Abstract COMBATING SYNCRETISM IN CONTEMPORARY SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH THROUGH ENLIGHTENED MINISTRY This research paper revealed that the Seventh-day Adventist Church is faced with the challenge of syncretism especially in Africa. A combined narrative and case study approach were used in the study. In order to establish a conceptual framework of the study a review of relevant literature was done. The research delved into establishing a conceptual framework of syncretism within the church in an African context. It proceeded to explore the biblical perspective of combating syncretism. The African traditional worldview was found to be the guiding compass of many professed church members. On the other hand the biblical perspective of combating syncretism was explored, and suggestions made to church leadership on Bible based methods of combating syncretism. The research revealed that the visible manifestation of syncretism is multifaceted and largely motivated by the presence of unfulfilled felt needs of the church members. The need to maintain community solidarity and inability to withstand life’s challenges were highlighted as the main contributors to syncretic practices. A paradigm shift of doing evangelism where the focus is on winning families and strengthening nurturing strategies were also brought into perspective. It was discovered that new church members as well as old ones need to be grounded in biblical truth through a comprehensive teaching ministry that focuses on areas that address the traditional African worldview.