Dinesh K. Maheshwari, Meenu Saraf Abhinav Aeron Editors Bacteria in Agrobiology: Crop Productivity Bacteria in Agrobiology: Crop Productivity Already published volumes: Bacteria in Agrobiology: Disease Management Dinesh K. Maheshwari (Ed.) Bacteria in Agrobiology: Crop Ecosystems Dinesh K. Maheshwari (Ed.) Bacteria in Agrobiology: Plant Growth Responses Dinesh K. Maheshwari (Ed.) Bacteria in Agrobiology: Plant Nutrient Management Dinesh K. Maheshwari (Ed.) Bacteria in Agrobiology: Stress Management Dinesh K. Maheshwari (Ed.) Bacteria in Agrobiology: Plant Probiotics Dinesh K. Maheshwari (Ed.) Dinesh K. Maheshwari • Meenu Saraf • Abhinav Aeron Editors Bacteria in Agrobiology: Crop Productivity Editors Dinesh K. Maheshwari Meenu Saraf Dept. of Botany Microbiology University School of Sciences Gurukul Kangri University Dep. Microbiology and Biotechnology Haridwar (Uttarakhand), India Gujarat University Ahmedabad (Gujarat), India Abhinav Aeron Department of Biosciences DAV (PG) College Muzaffarnagar (Uttar Pradesh) India ISBN 978-3-642-37240-7 ISBN 978-3-642-37241-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-37241-4 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013942485 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. 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While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Cover illustration: Optical micrograph showing cross sections of intercellular colonization rice calli and regenerated plantlets by A. caulinodans: CS view of root uninoculated control; magnified cross section view of leaf colonized by A. caulinodans in regenerated rice plant; possible sites of infection and colonization of rice root (from left to right); see also Fig. 3.1 in “Endophytic Bacteria – Perspectives and Applications in Agricultural Crop Production”, Senthilkumar M, R. Anandham, M. Madhaiyan, V. Venkateswaran, Tong Min Sa, in “Bacteria in Agrobiology: Crop Ecosystems, Dinesh K. Maheshwari (Ed.)” Background: Positive immunofluorescence micrograph showing reaction with cells of the biofertilizer strain used in autecological biogeography studies; see also Fig. 10.6 in “Beneficial Endophytic Rhizobia as Biofertilizer Inoculants for Rice and the Spatial Ecology of this Bacteria-Plant Association”, Youssef Garas Yanni, Frank B. Dazzo, Mohamed I. Zidan, in “Bacteria in Agrobiology: Crop Ecosystems, Dinesh K. Maheshwari (Ed.)” Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface The damage to the ecological foundation essential for sustainable advances in productivity led to the onset of fatigue in Green Revolution. Scientific principles of soil and plant health management are being developed in order to sustain the benefits of enhanced productivity over long periods. Therefore, amazing gains and phenomenal increase have been observed in crop productivity by the use of effective microorganisms (plant growth and health-supporting bacteria) and practices. The agricultural crops which are a major source of food and nutrition are of immense importance to meet out the requirements of burgeoning human population. The productivity of the crops both in terms of quality and quantity of food is of paramount importance. Keeping in view of our immediate and long-term needs, the role of beneficial bacteria in agricultural–biological issues is envisaged. The book entitled “Bacteria in Agrobiology: Crop Productivity” contains 19 chapters that cover multiple facets of contribution of the microbial attributes in addressing the crop’s productivity that advance in perpetuity without accompanying ecological harm. Exploitation of endophytic, root-nodulating, and rhizospheric bacteria having beneficial plant growth-promoting and health- supporting characteristics proved significant in low-input food, forage, and nonfood crops for sustainable agricultural system. On one hand, beneficial bacteria also provide improvement in the growth of medicinal plants grown commercially, while on the other hand, also proved to be significant in adaptation of psammophytes (plants grown in sand dunes) to nutrient-limited sand dune ecosystem. Plant- associated bacteria including indigenous rhizobia and their bioformulations impart productivity enhancement in rice, banana, chickpea, and some common legumes cultivated at high altitude of western Himalayas. PGPB-mediated siderophores have indirect contribution to successful plant growth promotion in order to achieve maximum productivity, while inoculation of bacteria increasing uptake and mobi- lization of nutrients aiding cereal biofortification has direct contribution to the same. Other topics discussed in the book include the priming as a suitable strategy to induce plant defense responses resulting in induced systemic resistance that impart plant immunity, PGPR secreting volatile and nonvolatile substances, exopolysaccharides, PGPR adoption to heavy metal tolerance, and blending v vi Preface of plant microbial remediation as one of the given cleanup processes for amalgamated chemo-remediation through rhizobacterial interactions in crop improvement. We trust this book will be useful for researchers, teachers, students, and policy makers but also for those who are interested in the subjects of plant sciences, microbiology, phytopathology, ecology, environmental science, and agricultural sciences. We would like to express our gratitude to all the subject experts and reviewers for their masterpiece scholarly contributions. Assistance rendered by our research scholars is thankfully acknowledged. We extend our sincere appreciation to Dr. Jutta Lindenborn of Springer for her valuable support to facilitate the comple- tion of this book. Makar Sankranti Dinesh K. Maheshwari January 2013 Meenu Saraf Abhinav Aeron Contents 1 Endophytic Bacteria: A Biotechnological Potential in Agrobiology System .................................. 1 Paulo Teixeira Lacava and Joa˜oLu´cio Azevedo 2 Beneficial Effects of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria on Improved Crop Production: Prospects for Developing Economies ............................................ 45 A.O. Adesemoye and D. Egamberdieva 3 Role of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria for Commercially Grown Medicinal Plants ..................... 65 B. Karthikeyan, U. Sakthivel, and J. Sriman Narayanan 4 Rhizosphere Bacteria from Coastal Sand Dunes and Their Applications in Agriculture ...................... 77 Aureen Godinho and Saroj Bhosle 5 Plant-Associated Bacteria in Nitrogen Nutrition in Crops, with Special Reference to Rice and Banana .................. 97 Md. Abdul Baset Mia, Md. Motaher Hossain, Zulkifli Haji Shamsuddin, and M. Tofazzal Islam 6 Potential of Rhizobia in Productivity Enhancement of Macrotyloma uniflorum L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L. Cultivated in the Western Himalaya ........................ 127 Dinesh K. Maheshwari, Mohit Agarwal, Shrivardhan Dheeman, and Meenu Saraf 7 Root Nodule and Rhizosphere Bacteria for Forage Legume Growth Promotion and Disease Management ................. 167 Nora Altier, Elena Beyhaut, and Carlos Pe´rez vii viii Contents 8 Bioinoculants: Understanding Chickpea Rhizobia in Providing Sustainable Agriculture ....................... 185 Hammad Khan and Nagina Parmar 9 Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria as Zinc Mobilizers: A Promising Approach for Cereals Biofortification ............ 217 Fauzia Yusuf Hafeez, Muhammad Abaid-Ullah, and Muhammad Nadeem Hassan 10 Functional Aspect of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria: Importance in Crop Production ........................... 237 Mohammad Saghir Khan, Ees Ahmad, Almas Zaidi, and Mohammad Oves 11 The Role of Siderophores in Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria . 265 Ana Ferna´ndez Scavino and Rau´l O. Pedraza 12 Role of Microbial Siderophores in Improving Crop Productivity in Wheat ................................... 287 Prashant Sarode, Makarand Rane, Meghraj Kadam, and Sudhir Chincholkar 13 Induction of Plant Defense Response