Turlough Hill Power Station
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Welcome to Turlough Hill ESB was established in 1927 as a corporate body in the Republic of Ireland under the Electricity (Supply) Act 1927. As a strong, diversified, vertically integrated utility, ESB operates right across the electricity market: from generation, through transmission and distribution to supply. In terms of generation, ESB currently operates 7 thermal stations, 12 windfarms and 10 hydro stations in the Republic of Ireland, one of which is Turlough Hill. Turlough Hill, Ireland’s only pumped storage power station, is located approximately 60km south of Dublin City in the Wicklow Mountains. Construction commenced in 1968, and the station became fully operational in 1974. The station generates up to 292MW during peak demand periods by releasing water from its upper reservoir and allowing it to flow through its four turbines into a lower YEARS reservoir. During periods of lower demand 40 the water is pumped back to the upper reservoir ready to be used again. In 2004, Turlough Hill became the Hydro Control Centre (HCC) for the entire ESB hydro fleet Turlough Hill which contains 19 generators in total. HYDRO STATIONS CLADY CO DONEGAL All linked by Turlough 4 CAPACITY (MW) Hill as the Hydro Control Centre for the fleet 9 95 1 1 SHANNON 92 CO CLARE Contents 9 86 Capacity (MW) LEE 4 Part 1 CO CORK 7 27 CAPACITY (MW) 9 Electricity for an expanding economy 1 Turlough Hill Part 2 CO WICKLOW How pumped storage works 292 CAPACITY (MW) 1 9 7 3 5 Part 3 7 9 Generation and more: today and into the 1 future Part 4 Turlough Hill technical data and key facts 1 1 5 9 LIFFEY ERNE CO KILDARE Design Zahra Media Group CO DONEGAL 38 CAPACITY (MW) Colour photography (except 65 CAPACITY (MW) Glendalough) Neil Warner The upper reservoir at Turlough Hill esb.ie 1 01Turlough Hill Electricity for an expanding economy The original control room at Turlough Hill which served the station until 2004 when the HCC was commissioned y the late 1960s, ESB had supplied A rapidly responsive pumped-storage chosen because of Lough Nahanagan, a electricity to customers in Ireland for hydroelectric station was the solution and natural corrie lake, which could become the Bmore than 40 years. It had become would be a huge advantage to customers lower reservoir for the station. There was apparent that electricity demand would across Ireland at peak electricity demand also a suitable site on the mountain where continue to grow rapidly across the country times. ESB could build an artificial upper reservoir. and ESB needed to respond quickly and in an environmentally friendly way to help See diagram page 10 Once approval was granted by the Irish manage this booming demand for power. Government, construction on Turlough Hill ❱❱ How Turlough Hill helps smooth out the typical began in1968 and ended six years later. Designing and developing a pumped-storage electricity demand over 24 hours. hydroelectric station was a unique and Staff from many departments within innovative civil engineering solution for Ireland Getting started ESB were involved in the construction at the time. It would expand the electricity ESB’s engineers began looking for the right phase, as well as external contractors who supply for the growing population through location in County Wicklow. The ‘Garden of helped to bring the project to life. At the an environmentally-friendly system and also Ireland’ features many mountains and lakes time of completion, Turlough Hill was provide flexibility when it came to handling the and is in close proximity to Ireland’s main the largest civil engineering project ever challenging peaks and troughs in demand. centre of demand – Dublin. Turlough Hill was undertaken in Ireland. 2 Turlough Hill The new hydro control centre(HCC) at Turlough Hill’ esb.ie 3 CAVERN DIMENSIONS The cavern housing the power station is the same ESB was always very space as a medium-sized conscious that we cathedral. were working in an The dimensions are: length 82m, breadth area of outstanding 23m, height 28m. natural beauty. The cavern is 15m below the water level of the lower reservoir. ‘‘ Taking care ESB was working in an area of outstanding natural beauty and wanted to ensure minimal impact wherever possible. Digging in The project really caught the public’s im- The main station was buried out of sight, agination at the time – it was the country’s inside the mountain, but ESB also: The 220 kV Compound at Turlough Hill first and only pumped storage station. There ❚ hired landscape architect Sylvia Crowe had not been anything of this scale built in to camouflage the upper reservoir with Ireland since the Shannon Scheme was built vegetation and design the works at the in the 1920s. The construction team worked lower resevoir to fit into the background of All systems go! for more than six years: rock; In December 1973, ESB Turlough Hill’s first ❚ carving a massive underground chamber ❚ successfully used a pioneering technique generating unit started operating, followed Cross-section view of cavern in the granite mountain to house the main to restore grass growth on the verges of by the three other units in the summer 1. Pump Turbine 2. Motor/Generator station, so that it would be hidden from the newly-constructed two-mile long road of 1974. And this incredible feat of civil 3. Main Unit Tranformer view (length 82m, breadth 23m, height to the mountain top, using a mix of water, engineering has been supplying Ireland with 4. Flap Gate 28m – the same space as a medium-sized fertiliser, wood pulp, peat moss and grass electricity ever since. 5. Turbine Inlet Valve cathedral); seed; 6. Pony Motor/Generator ❚ ❚ In 2004, ESB Turlough Hill became the Hydro 7. 10 kV Switchgear, Control excavating 2.5 million tonnes of rock to used the 1.305 million cubic metres of Panels and Relays. build the upper lake, then lining it with granite excavated from the upper reservoir Control Centre (HCC) for the company. This 8. 2 x 70 ton Bridge Cranes asphaltic concrete; to build its embankment (maximum height: means that ESB can operate any of its 10 9. False Roof with ❚ drilling tunnels through the rock to 34m, length: 1,445m); hydro stations direct from one single control Soundproofing connect the station and upper/lower lakes. ❚ ensured that the administration offices room on site – increasing its responsiveness 10. Haunch Beams 11. 50 ton Bridge Crane and transformer compound could not be to customer needs even further. 12. Cable Gallery for seen from the Wicklow Gap Road. 220 kV Cables 4 Turlough Hill esb.ie 5 02Turlough Hill How pumped storage works Work begins on the upper reservoir conventional hydro power station sits on a river, moving water from one Areservoir above a dam through a station and then out to rejoin the main river. Pumped storage differs slightly because it uses two reservoirs: The upper reservoir: At Turlough Hill, this Any pumped storage is the artificial lake. Water flows down a system can help pressure tunnel, then through the station smooth out the and the generation turbines to produce ‘demand curve’ by electricity, similarly to a conventional hydro generating electricity power station. at peak times to help meet demand and using The lower reservoir: At Turlough Hill, this ‘the ‘off-peak’‘ electricity is Lough Nahanagan. The water from the in the quieter hours to upper reservoir ends up here after moving pump the water back through the station generators. That water is to the top reservoir then pumped back up to the upper reservoir again, ready for the using a reversible turbine, ready to be next peak demand resused when needed. window. 6 Turlough Hill esb.ie 7 Electricity demand curve 5000 help meet those electricity needs, releasing Pressure shaft and water from the upper reservoir through the tail race tunnel 4500 turbines and down into Lough Nahanagan. The reversible pump turbines, operating under a mean geodetic head of Water is then pumped back up to the 4000 285.75 m are fed through upper reservoir during the night, using a single pressure shaft 3500 cheaper electricity generated by other and single tail race tunnel stations, so that the whole system is ready both excavated in granite, MW’s to go again when demand increases the the 4.8 m diameter 3000 pressure shaft being steel next day. Overall, it helps to smooth out the lined and the 7.2 m –––––––– Electricity demand ‘demand’ curve ›› see the diagram diameter tail race tunnel 2500 –––––––– Effect of Turlough Hill opposite and helps makes generation being concrete lined. operations much more efficient. 2000 12:00 21:00 15:00 18:00 03:00 09:00 06:00 00:00 00:00 TIME 2 The effect of the Turlough Hill scheme on a typical load profile 1 3 The key to making pumped storage work effectively lies in when it is run. As pumped storage is so responsive, it can be an ideal 6 way to help smooth out the peaks and 4 troughs of electricity demand. 7 Demand is higher at certain points during 5 the day (‘peak time’) as people need more electricity and much lower at night (‘off Cross-section of Turlough Hill from upper 1. Upper reservoir peak time’). 2. Intake tower and reservoir to Lough Nahanagan bridge 3. Pressure shaft Running a pumped storage hydro electric (steel lined) station at peak times helps to smooth out the 4. Cavern demand peak. It’s 6pm and everyone’s at 5. Tailrace tunnel (concrete lined) home, cooking dinner or catching up on the 6. Tailrace structure news? Turlough Hill is probably running to 7.