© in This Web Service Cambridge University

Home , Social pedagogy

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03983-4 - The Impact of Idealism: The Legacy of Post-Kantian German Thought: Volume II: Historical, Social and Political Thought General Editors Nicholas Boyle and Liz Disley Edited by John Walker Index More information

Index

absolute spirit, 177 Butler on, 320–1 Adorno, Theodor feminist criticism, 281–2, 305–6 Minima Moralia, 213 on freedom, 295 on autonomy of reason, 210–11, 212–13, on gender, 296, 316–17 215–20, 229 as master–slave relationship, 304–5, nature’s relation to reason, 226–7 316–17 reason as ontology, 222–3 male desire for disembodiment, 320–1 Zwang, 216–19 women as defined by biological sex, on autonomy of will, 223–9 305 on developmental reason, 225–6 on recognition, 302–3, 315–17 on Hegel’s views on nature, 212 master–slave dialectic, 314 on instrumental reason, 193–4 on self-consciousness, 316 on Kant’s ethics, 201–2 on Stendhal, 316–17 on late capitalism and autonomy of reason, Second Sex, The, 316–17 213–14 being, 138, 145 on reification, 214–15 Berger, Johann Erich von, 102 alienation, 94–5, 98–9 academic career, 111 Marx on, 91–2, 94–5 Allgemeine Grundzüge zur Wissenschaft, nature as sphere, 322 127–9 recognition and, 318–19 early thought, 111–17 ambiguity, 314, 318 Hegel’s influence on, 125–9 anti-Semitism, 154 Herder’s influence on, 116 Appiah, Kwame Anthony, 2 in Jena, 117 association, 84 in Kiel, 111–12 astronomy, 124 in Zurich,¨ 119–20 Aufforderung, 285–6 influence on Trendelenburg, 110–11, Auschwitz, 47 128–9 autism spectrum disorders, 325 ‘Letters on Nature’, 121–2 autonomy, 63 Literary Society of Free Men, 117–18 restricted, 313–14, 323, 326 Matters of the Day, The, 118 Mnemosyne, 121–2 Basedow Institute, 116 natural sciences and, 120 Bauer, Bruno, 84, 89, 90 on class, 113–14 Beauvoir, Simone de, 281–2, 293–5, on education, 118–19, 127 313 on reason, 113

373

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03983-4 - The Impact of Idealism: The Legacy of Post-Kantian German Thought: Volume II: Historical, Social and Political Thought General Editors Nicholas Boyle and Liz Disley Edited by John Walker Index More information

374 Index

Berger, Johann Erich von (cont.) Christian communities, 75 ‘On the Condition of Servants’, 112–16 civil servants, 37, 38 ‘On the Distinctiveness of Peoples’, 125–7 civil society, 88–9 on the infinite and the harmony of the von Berger on, 126–7 whole, 124 Vormärz republicans, 89 ‘On the Preconditions of an Improved women and, 308 National Educational System’, 118 class, 113 patriotism, 119 class consciousness, 102 Philosophical Account of the Harmonies of the coercion, 214–15, 264–5 Universe, A, 124 cognisability, 336 Bergson, Henri, 162, 163, 167 cognition, 177 Deleuze on, 171–2 Kant on, 187 Introduction àlamétaphysique, 173 Simmel’s critique of Kant, 177 Kant’s influence on, 175 Cohen, Herman, 139–40, 141, 154 L’Evolution´ créatrice, 169, 175 Cohn, Jonas, 149, 151 on antiquity and modernity, 175 collective bargaining, 84 on biology and evolution, 170–1 collective property, 84 human intelligence as product, 172–3 commodity trading, 191 on time, 168–9 communism, 2 Plotinus’ influence on, 174–5 concept, 93, 95 Schelling and, 174 concrete labour, 97–8 Schopenhauer’s influence on, 174 concrete order, 243, 244–7 sense of method, 171–2 consciousness spiritual realism and, 173–4 Beauvoir on, 294 Berkeleyan idealism, 12 Bergson on, 169 Binder, Julius, 236, 238–40 cultural, 144 on requirement for a Führer, 239–41 opposition to other consciousnesses, biological processes, 170 294 Bismarck, Otto von, 232 consequentialism, 201 Bockenf¨ orde,¨ Ernst-Wolfgang, 248 constitution (of a state), 51, 52–3, 74 Bollnow, Otto Friedrich, 163 Hegel on, 74–5 bonum-durch-malum-Gedanke,42 Kant on, 59 Bourbon monarchy, 53 Schelling on, 65–6 bourgeoisie, 97 co-operatives, 154 Boyle, Nicholas, 41 corporatism, 260–4 Brelage, Manfred, 140, 154 idealism and, 264 Bubner, Rudiger,¨ 248 influence and reception, 272–3 Butler, Judith, 313–14, 326–7 intermediate corporations, 266–7 Giving an Account of Oneself, 313, 319 politics, 266 on Hegel’s Phenomenology, 318 primacy of state power, 270–2 on reciprocity of recognition, 319–20 private law and, 267–8, 271 Subjects of Desire, 317–19 private property and, 268–9 sense of history, 270 Calvinism, 188–9, 198 Sforza on, 271–2 Cassirer, Ernst, 137, 142, 146, 147, state, conception of, 264–5, 266 178 counter-Enlightenment, 54 Logic of the Cultural Sciences, 178 critical theory causation, 195–6 interest in autonomy of reason, 209–10 phenomenal, 219–20 critique of knowledge, 5 Zwang and, 218–19 Croce, Benedetto, 1, 3 childbearing, 304–5 relationship with fascism, 261

Index 375

cultural philosophy, 340 education, 328 Kant, 142, 217 neo-Kantian influence, 153 neo-Kantian, 142–3 Trendelenburg on, 110 cultural consciousness, 144 von Berger on, 118–19, 127 spheres of culture, 146 efficient causation, 195–6, 200 turn toward, 142 ego, 226, 228–9 state of, in late ninteenth century, élan vital, 171 150–1 Emile´ , 282–4 empathy Dahlmann, Friedrich Christoph, 125 simulation theory, 324 Deleuze, Gilles, 171 theory-theory, 324, 325 on Bergson, 171–2 empiricism, 85, 137, 156 democracy Engels, Friedrich, 101 gulf between governors and governed, Enlightenment (historical period), 51 26–7 emergence of notion of the state, 52, intellectuals and journalists as bridge, 57 27 sociological account, 54–6 Judt on, 26 flaws, 57 Weimar Republic, 239 enlightenment (state of consciousness), 35, Descartes, René, 175 118 destiny, 22–3, 27 entelechy, 170 dialectic, 128, 129 epistemic injustice, 315 communism vs capitalism as, 2 epistemology Engels’ dialectics of nature, 101 Dilthey, 166–8 Idealist tradition as, 2 Fichte, 93 in Marx, 97 Kant, 13–14 Diederichs, Eugen, 162 neo-Kantian development, 140 Dilthey, Wilhelm, 162, 163, 338 Lebensphilosophie, 164 early work, 166 meta-history, 337–9 Einleitung in die Geisteswissenschaften, ethics and morality 163 abstracted from concrete facts of moral epistemology, 166–8 life, 3 ‘Erfahren und Denken’, 167 education and, 110 ‘Formation of the Historical World’, Hegel, 69 167–8 Kant’s, 58, 197–8, 200–1, 202 Gadamer on, 165 rationalisation and, 198 historical work, 165–6 marriage as basis, 290 on Schelling, 166 of recognition, 315, 323, 326 on spirit, 168 Protestant, 201 discourse without domination, 2–3 religion and, 39 disembodiment, 320–1 ethnography, 195 division of labour, 40–1 Eucken, Rudolf, 150, 151 double reflexivity, 76 European Labour Academy, 152 Driesch, Hans, 173 evil, 42–3 Droysen, Johann Gustav, 332, 338 evolution, 170–1 Dulckheit, Gerhard, 234 human intelligence as product, 172–3 duration, 169 executive power, 271 Durkheim, Emile,´ 56 existentialism, 300–1 experience, 92–3 Economy and Society, 188 Kant on, 93 ecstatic recognition, 322, 323, 326–7 expressivism, 86

376 Index

fascism, 260, 264–5 moral freedom, 69 private property and, 268 Marx on, 72 fate, 34 of individual citizens, 63–4 feminism, 281 post-Kantian perfectionism, 100 Feuerbach, Ludwig, 84 Schelling on, 65 Marx’s critique, 94 spontaneity and, 86–7 Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, 277 French Revolution, 46 Closed Commercial State, The,92 Freud, Sigmund, 194 Doctrine of Science, 292 theory of drives, 224–6 epistemology, 93 Fricker, Miranda, 312–13 Foundations of Natural Right, 92, 277, Führer principle, 239–41 285–6 Fukuyama, Francis, 2 influence on Bergson, 174 functionaries, 37, 38 influence on Marx, 92 influence on von Berger, 117 Gadamer, Hans-Georg, 165 Lectures on the Vocation of a Scholar, 40–1, Gans, Eduard, 84 117 Gatterer, Johann Christoph, 333 On the destiny of human beings in Gauss, Carl Friedrich, 124 society, 118 Gehlen, Arnold, 43 on gender and sexuality, 280, 290–1 gender and sexuality, 278 on love and marriage, 287–90 as ground of sexual difference, 282 on recognition, 284–7 as master–slave relationship, 304–5 on scholars, 40–1 Beauvoir on, 281–2, 293–5 on self-consciousness, 303 civil society as male ethical sphere, 308 political philosophy, 61–5 obedience and refusal, 307–8 Sittenlehre, 291 Fichte on, 280, 287–90, 295–6 finalism, 170 Hegel on, 306–7 Fischer, Kuno, 140 in Antigone, 306–7 Flottbeck, 121 Kant on, 280 forms (Platonic), 186 male desire for disembodiment, 320–1 Foucault, Michel, 36 male sexual desire, 295 Frankfurt school, 102, 191 myth of the ‘eternal feminine’, 284–5 critique of instrumental reason, 192–3 Rousseau on, 282–4 Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung,44 same-sex relationships, 321 Fraser, Nancy, 312 German Revolutions (1848), 83 Redistribution or Recognition?, 313 German Volk, 245–6 Frederick the Great, 37 Germany, 232–3 free speech, 20 development of meta-history, 331–2 free will, 17, 169 Gervinus, Georg Gottfried, 339 gender and sexuality and, 284 Geschäftsleute,38 freedom, 13 Geschichtszeichen,46 as Kantian Idea of Reason, 16 Geschlecht (race), 28 as Lyotard’s universal idea, 45–6 Gierke, Otto von, 151 Beauvoir on, 295 Glaube (faith), 13–14 fascism and, 264–5 in Critique of Practical Reason, 14–16 Fichte on, 62, 63–4 Glockner, Hermann, 234 gender, sexuality and, 291 God, 187 gender, sexuality and, 284 as source of law, 65 Hegel on, 67–8, 70–1, 74, 87–8, 328 impossibility of proof of existence, 13 implied critique of other accounts, 70–1 on trial for allowing evil, 42 legal freedom, 69 Goddard, Jean-Christophe, 174

Index 377

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 176–7 scientific inadmissibility of Hegelianism, Greece (classical), 75 136–7 Grossi, Paolo, 261, 262 Sittlichkeit (ethical life), 87 Grundfragen der neuen Rechtswissenschaft, 244 Spirito on, 269–70 Heidegger, Martin, 152, 179 Habermas, Jurgen,¨ 2–3, 27, 43–5 Heller, H., 232–3 criticism of Marx, 102 Hegel und der nationale Machtstaatsgedanke philosophy of history, 43–5 in Deutschland, 232 Haller, Carl Ludwig von, 75 Helmholtz, Hermann von, 140 happiness, 100–1 Herder, Johann Gottfried, 86, 333, 335 ends, spontaneity and, 101 influence on von Berger, 116 harmony, 124 heteronomy, 87 Hartmann, Nicolai, 147, 152, 154 historical study, 1–2, 331–2 Haym, Rudolf, 232 as a priori construct, 22–3 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 43 cognisability, 336 Butler on, 318 contemporary state, 340–1 conservative criticism of, 83 Dilthey’s work, 165–6 criticism of Fichte, 177 epistemological concerns, 337–9 Feuerbach on, 94 idealist concepts of history, 333–5 gender theory, 306–7 modern idealism’s break with tradition, influence on Lebensphilosophie, 162 340 influence on Lenin, 101 rational comprehensibility of history, 334 influence on von Berger, 125–9 research rules, 332 Jena Lectures on the Philosophy of Spirit, 242 historicism, 54 Kojève’s interpretation, 306 Historik, 332 legal philosophy, 67–8 Historikerstreit,44 modern influence, 248–9 historiography, 332 Nazi co-option, 241–2 Holbach, Paul-Henri Baron d’, 53 master–slave dialectic, 294–5, 301–4, 306, Holk, Countess Anna, 123 314 Honneth, Axel, 2, 3, 102 moral philosophy, 69 Redistribution or Recognition?, 313 on freedom, 67–8 Horkheimer, Max, 193–4 on general will, 71, 72 Dialectic of Enlightenment (Dialektik der on Kant, 187 Aufklärung), 194, 210, 214 on labour, 92 on Kant’s ethics, 201–2 on modernity, 88 on Schopenhauer, 203 on nature and reason, 211–12 Horney, Karen, 224 on recognition, 294–5, 300–3 House of Fasci and Corporations, 260–1 influence, 312 Hulsen,¨ August Ludwig, 119, 123 on self-consciousness, 303, 316 human race, 28, 286 Phenomenology of Spirit, 92, 93, 199, 277, Kant on love for, 28–9 300 moral progress, 29–30 Butler on, 318 human reason Philosophy of Right, 83, 87–8 Kant’s limits, 13–14 political and historical philosophy, 1–2, Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 279, 280, 336 66–71, 74, 75 philosophy of history, 335, 336–7 distinction between state and civil Hume,David,55 society, 88–9 Husserl, Edmund, 151 influence on Prussian state, 232–3 Spirito’s criticism, 269–70 idealism (philosophical position) Popper and Topitsch’s criticism, 247 contemporary relevance, 3–4

378 Index

idealism in history, 332–5 impact of corporatist and idealist thought Idealism, German on legal profession, 272–3 as tradition, 1, 4–5 post-First World War crisis, 262–3 critical theoretic interest in, 197 relationship of philosophy to cultural Jäger, Georg, 173 sciences, 3–4 Jena, 117 transcendental condition of possibility, 4 Jews, 154 Ideas of Reason, 16 judicial powers, 271 identity model, 312–13 Judt, Tony, 26 immortality justice of the soul, 15 Kant’s views, 20 individual human beings as legal persons, 67–8 Kant, Immanuel autonomy, 63 Bergson on, 175 education into humanity, 127 concept of the state, 58 Fichte on, 286–7 Conflict of the Faculties, 37–40, 46–7 duties, 40–1 Critique of Judgement, 291 state legitimacy arising from, 63–4 Critique of Practical Reason, 14–16, 219 subsumed by corporatist state, 267–8 Critique of Pure Reason, 12, 217 vocation according to Fichte, 40–1 cultural philosophy, 142, 217 individualism, 238 epistemology, 13–14 insects, 172–3 necessity of moral progress, 29–30 instinct, 225–6 history and human destiny, 22–3, 30–4 intellect and, 172–3 Idea for a Universal History from a instrumental reason, 191–6 Cosmopolitan Point of View, 17, 30–3, Frankfurt school on, 192–3 34, 92, 333 Kantian conceptual antecedents, 200–1 Ideas of Reason, 16 non-instrumental reason, 202–3 influence on von Berger, 116 pathological, 193–4 Metaphysics of Morals, 280 reification, rationalisation and, 196–7 moral philosophy, 197–8, 202 relation of ends to means, 192–3 compared to Sade, 200–1 intellect, 172–3 Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful intellectuals, 27, 35, 38 and the Sublime, 279–80 Habermas’ view, 43–5 on autonomy of reason, 208, 215–16 public discourse, 44–5 reason as ontology, 223 public/private distinction, 37 unity of reason, 220–2 social role, 36–7, 38 Zwang, 216–19 intercultural dialogue, 2–3 on Basedow Institute, 116 intermediate corporations, 266–7 on cognition, 177 intersubjectivity, 102, 301 on Enlightenment, 35 of self-consciousness, 304 on experience, 93 recognition and, 321–2 on faith (Glaube), 14–16 subjectivity and, 277–8 on free will, 17 subsuming, 321 on gender, 280 intuition, 93 on intellectuals, 35 Bergson on, 171–2 public/private distinction, 37 Kant on, 93 social niche, 36–7 Irigaray, Luce, 282, 316–17 on labour, 92 Iselin, Isaak, 333 on love for human race, 28–9 Italy on progress, 17–19 evolution of concept of the state, 263–4 on rational will, 223

Index 379

on spontaneity, 86–7 Lasswitz, Kurd, 152 on transcendental realism, 12 law (academic subject), 38 political philosophy, 19–20, 73–4 impact of neo-Kantianism, 152 distinction between idealism and law (system of civil rules) realism, 21–3 as actuality of meaning, 241 Schelling’s critique, 65–6 corporatist, 271 postulates (concept of), 14–15 ethical and judicial, 59 role of intellectuals, 35 Fichte on, 62–3 Simmel’s essay on Goethe and, 176–7 God as source, 65 ‘Theory and Practice’, 99–100 modern influence, 248–9 ‘What Is Enlightenment?’, 35–6 Hegel on, 67–8 Foucault on, 36 modern influence, 248–9 Kant Society, 153 Kant on, 58–9, 73–4 Kelsen, Hans, 152, 236 legitimacy of, 59–60 Kiel University, 125 relation to law, 59–60 Kieler Blätter, 125, 127 Larenz on, 237 ‘On the Distinctiveness of Peoples’, 125–7 mass society social groups and, 263 KingdomofEnds,33 Lebensphilosophie, 147, 161 Kleingeld, Pauline, 221 Hegel’s influence on, 162 knowledge Scheler’s essay, 162 von Berger on, 112–13 Schelling’s influence on, 162 Kojève, Alexandre, 301, 306 Left Hegelianism, 83–4 Konig,¨ Georg Ludwig, 108 critique of religion, 83–4 Kroner, Richard, 151, 154 socioeconomic engagement, 84 legal persons, 67–8 labour legal philosophy Calvinism and, 198 Italian, 261 Fichte on, 92 appeal of idealism, 262 Kant on, 92 Julius Binder, 238–40 relation to intuition and concept, 94 Karl Larenz, 241–2 Marx on, 91–2, 94 doctrine of concrete order, 244–7 as creative force, 91–2 legitimacy (of a state), 55, 59–60, 62, 66–7 concrete labour, 97–8 arising from individual citizens, 63–4 duality, 97 Fichte on, 62, 63 qualitative character, 95 Hegel on, 66–7 Langbehn, Julius, 148 as condition of ethical life, 70–1 Rembrandt as Educator, 148 Kant on, 59–60, 61 Lange, Friedrich Albert, 138, 148, 153 Marx on, 72 language, 147 moral personality, 60 Larenz, Karl, 234, 236, 238, 241–2 Schelling on, 65–6 Das Problem der Rechtsgeltung, 236, 241, Leibniz, Gottfried, 42 244 concept of self, 85–6 legal justification of National Socialism, on biological organisms, 170 243–4 Lenin, Vladimir, 101 Methodenlehre der Rechtswissenschaft, 234–5 Lévinas, Emmanuel, 325, 328 Rechts- und Staatsphilosophie des deutschen Levy, Heinrich, 234 Idealismus und ihre Liebert, Arthur, 152 Gegenwartsbedeutung, 241–2, 243 Liebmann, Otto, 138, 148 Reich und Recht in der deutschen Philosophie, life, 179 238 Literary Society of Free Men, 117–18 ‘Sittlichkeit und Recht’, 247 Locke, John, 55

380 Index

Logos, 151, 154 men Lotze, Hermann, 138 desire for disembodiment, 320–1 love, 280, 291 sexual desire, 295 Adorno on, 213 Mendelssohn, Moses, 29 Fichte on, 280 meta-history, 331, 339–41 for human race, 28–9 development of tradition, 331–2 marriage as community, 287–8 epistemology, 337–9 Lovejoy, A. O., 171, 173 forms of argumentation, 332 Luhmann, Niklas, 43 idealist concepts of history, 333–5 Lukács, Gyorgy,¨ 152, 190, 301 rhetoric, 339 on reification, 191, 199 metaphysics Luxemburg, Rosa, 101 Lebensphilosophie and, 164 Lyotard, Jean-François, 43 life as foundation, 179 on progress and intellectuals, 45–8 neo-Kantian rejection, 138 Schelling, 65 Maggiore, Giuseppe, 270–1 Schopenhauer, 203 Makkreel, Rudolf, 168 Simmel, 164, 177 Manifesto of the Anti-fascist Intellectuals, Mill, John Stuart, 201 261 mirror neurons, 326 Marburg school, 136, 140, 152 misanthropy, 28–9 Marcuse, Herbert, 247 Mnemosyne (journal), 121–2 Reason and Revolution, 247 modernity markets, 89 Hegel on, 88 Marquard, Odo, 42–3 monads, 85–6 marriage, 280, 284 monarchy, 36–7 Fichte on, 287–90, 292 Monumenta Germaniae Historica, 331 virtue and, 290, 292 moral personality, 60 Martens, Georg Friedrich, 111 Marx, Karl, 71–3, 340 Napoleonic wars, 123 Capital, 95, 98–9 Natorp, Paul, 151, 153 concept of alienation, 91 Social Pedagogy, 153 debt to Hegel, 98–9 natural law, 53, 65, 278 Fichte’s influence on, 92 natural rights, 52 German Ideology, The, 95–7 nature Hegel’s influence on, 98–9 as sphere of alienation, 322 homology to Hegelian logic, 98–9 Fichte on freedom and, 291 influence on Beauvoir, 305 opposition to reason, 211–12, markets, 190 226–7 on labour, 91–2 repression by civilisation, 193–4 on reification, 190 von Berger’s interest in, 120, 121–2 on republicanism, 90 nature’s plan, 33–4 On the Jewish Question,72 Nazism, 237, 243–4 Paris Manuscripts,95 doctrine of concrete order, 244–7 perfectionism, 100 neo-Hegelianism, 233–5 Theses on Feuerbach, 93–4 Julius Binder, 238–40 Marxism, Althusserian, 102 Karl Larenz, 236–8 master–slave dialectic, 92, 301, 306, 314, neo-Kantianism, 136 319, 325 as cultural movement, 148–52 Mehlis, Georg, 151 as means out of crisis of systematic Meinecke, Friedrich, 151 philosophy, 138 Weltbürgertum und Nationalstaat, 232–3 as systematic philosophy, 141

Index 381

attitude to post-Kantian German idealism, political power, 53 137–8 political realism, 19 contemporary impact, 152–5 Kant and, 20–1 on politics, 153 politicians, 26 on socialism, 153–4 politics philosophical, 152, 154–5 corporatist, 266 post-First World War, 154–5 Popper, Karl, 247 post-Second World War, 154 positivism, 68–9, 137, 166 criticism of, 147 postmodernity, 48 culture and, 142–3 post-structuralism, 282 validity and, 143–8 poverty, 84, 89 current state, 155–6 power (interpersonal and political), 239 relevance to current philosophical practical reason, 14–15 debate, 155–6 as source of legal legitimacy, 62 development beyond Kant, 139–40 distinct from empirical practical reason, epistemology, 140 87 founding of Logos, 151–2 ideas of, 15–16 Marburg school, 136, 140, 142 private law, 267–8, 271 motivating factors, 136–7 Sforza’s view on interaction with public rejection of metaphysics, 138 sphere, 271–2 spheres of culture, 146 private property theory of validity, 145 corporatisation, 268–9 validity and, 140, 142 progress opposition to being, 138 Fichte on, 40–1, 42 Niemann, August Christian, 111–12 Habermas on, 43–5 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 161, 162, 340 in historical study, 334–5 Nolte, Ernst, 44 Kant on, 27–8, 30–4, 41–2, 46–7 noumenon, 218–19 as nature’s plan, 33–4 Lyotard on, 45–6 objective self-legislation, 67 moral, 28–9 objective spirit, 168 dependence of morality on notion of, observing reason, 199–200 29–30 O’Neill, Onora, 5 rejection of ideal by Marquard, 43 organicism, 123 von Berger on, 118–19 proletariat, 97 patriotism, 119 Left Hegelians and, 89 people’s spirit, 242–4 property, 89 perfectionism, 99–101 collective, 84 post-Kantian, 100–1 Protestantism, 201 pre-Kantian, 99–100 Prussia, 36–7 Philanthropisches Archiv, 116 Prussian Gymnasium, 108 philosophy psychoanalysis, 194, 224, 228–9 as academic subject during public reason, 27 Enlightenment, 38–40 public sphere theology and, 39–40 Habermas on, 44–5 Plato, 186 Kant on public/private distinction, 37 political idealism, 58 Sforza’s corporatist view on interplay as sociological account of state, 74, 75–6 with private sphere, 271–2 political parties, 26, 263 pure reason political philosophy as Zwang, 217 Kantian critique of knowledge and, 5 Putter,¨ Johann Stephan, 111

382 Index

Ranke, Leopold von, 334, 335, 337 self-consciousness and, 302–4, 314 rational will, 223 social ontology and, 323–4, 328 rationalisation, 188–90 simulation theory, 324–5 antecedents in Kant, 197–8 social structure and, 320 as part of trend toward assessment in withholding, 319–20 terms of ends-efficiency, 189 Recognition and Social Ontology, 324 conceptual overlap with reification and reification, 190–1, 294 instrumental reason, 196–7 autonomy of reason and, 214–15 Kant’s ethics and, 202 Hegelian antecedents to concept, Weber, 188 198–200 rationalism, 186 instrumental reason, rationalisation and, rationality 196–7 principle of right and, 285–7 Lukács on, 191 Ravaisson, Félix, 173 Marx on, 190 realism reifying judgements as coercion, 214–15 transcendental, 12 Reinhold, Karl Leonhard, 102 reason Letters on the Kantian Philosophy, 111 as ontology, 223 religion autonomy, 208 as alienated spirit, 83–4 Adorno on, 10, 211, 212–13, 223–9: morality and, 39 Freud’s theory of drives and, 224–6 revolution, 20, 22, 46 effect of objects on formal processes, Rickert, Heinrich, 146, 162–3, 221–2 338 intellectual convention and, 209–10 right, 285–7 opposition to nature, 211–12 rights of human beings pure reason and, 208 happiness and, 100–1 reifying judgements as coercive, 214–15 Riquier, Camille, 175 unity of reason and, 220–1 Robespierre, Maximilien de, 43 validity and, 145 Roman law, 69, 70 critical theoretic treatment, 210 Rosenzweig, Franz, 233 unity, 220–1 Rotenstreich, Nathan, 322 von Berger’s concept, 113 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques Rechtsstaat, 60–1 as proto-sociologist, 56–7 recognition, 277, 315 Discourse on the Origin of Inequality,56 alienation, ambiguity and, 318–19 on gender difference, 278, 282–4 as experiential phenomenon, 325–6 Social Contract, 56–7 as positive ethical concept, 322 Ruge, Arnold, 84, 89 Beauvoir’s theory of gender and, 295 Butler on, 313, 319–20 Sade, Donatien Alphonse François, Marquis moral autonomy with restricted de, 201, 202 responsibility, 313–14 same-sex relationships, 321 ecstatic, 322, 326–7 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 314 epistemological, ethical and ontological Being and Nothingness, 314 questions, 315 Savigny, Friedrich Carl von, 239 ethical basis, 326 scepticism, 14 fundamental nature, 320 Schelling, Friedrich, 65–6, 162 Hegel on, 300–3 Bergson and, 174 Sittlichkeit and, 301 concept of the absolute, 177 intersubjectivity and, 321–2 Dilthey on, 166 master–slave dialectic and, 314 influence on Lebensphilosophie, 162 reciprocity, 319 metaphysics of nature, 65

Index 383

on nature and reason, 211 Locke on, 55 political philosophy, 65–6 von Berger on, 126 Schöpferisches Handeln, 162 social forgetfulness, 54 Schiller, Friedrich, 279, 333 social groups, 263 Schlegel, Friedrich, 86 social ontology, 313, 323–8 Schleswig-Holsteinische Provinzialberichte, 112 social order Schlozer,¨ August Ludwig von, 111, 333 von Berger on, 113–14 Schmitt, Carl, 242 social value, 188–9 Schnädelbach, Herbert, 154–5 social vocation, 40–1 scholarly discourse, 36–7 socialism, 90 as arbiter of reason, 40 neo-Kantian influence, 153–4 Kant’s conflict of the faculties, 38–40 sociology, 54–5 scholars critical theoretic concept, 195–6 Fichte on, 41 Enlightenment and, 54–5, 57 Schonfeld,¨ Walther, 236, 237–8 neo-Kantianism and, 152 Schopenhauer, Arthur, 162 Rousseau and, 56–7 Bergson and, 174 Schelling and, 65–6 metaphysics, 203 Sophocles Antigone, 306–7 moral philosophy, 203 species being, 72 science, 41 Spencer, Herbert, 174 rejection of Hegelian philosophy, 136–7 spirit (Geist), 83–4, 301–2 sociology modelled on, 195–6 Dilthey on, 168 Searle, John, 324 nature as objectification, 122 Seekamp estate, 122–3 philosophy of history and, 334–5 self religion as alienated, 83–4 Fichte on, 284–5 self-consciousness, recognition and, 327 German Idealist notions, 86 self-objectification as culture, 178–9 self-consciousness, 277, 285–6, 302–4 von Berger on, 125–6, 129 as pure self-relation, 303 Spirito, Ugo, 265 Beauvoir on, 316 criticism of Hegel, 269–70 Hegel on, 303, 316 spiritualist realism, 173–4 recognition and, 302–4, 314, 327–8 spontaneity, 85, 86–7, 101 self-harmony, 40 end of happiness and, 101 self-preservation, 226 Fichte’s state and, 92 sensation, 167 Kant on, 86–7 Servant Statutes, 112 Lenin on, 101–2 servants, 112 markets and, 89 sexual desire, 295 Stadler, August, 152 Sforza, Cesarini, 271–2 Stahl, Friedrich Julius, 238 Simmel, Georg, 150, 151, 162, 163, state 176 as condition of Sittlichkeit, 70–1 Lebensanschauung, 179 Bockenf¨ orde¨ dictum, 248 metaphysics, 164, 177 corporatist, 264–5, 266, 271 on Kant and Goethe, 176–7 development of notion of, 52, 54 Philosophische Kultur, 179 Enlightenment conception, 51 simulation theory of empathy, 324 Fichte on, 61–5, 92 Sittlichkeit (ethical life), 2–3, 70, 87, 301 as arising from individuals, 64 Smith, Adam, 55 Hegel on, 67, 88 social contract as distinct from civil society, 88–9 as Kantian Idea of Reason, 16 Vormärz republicans’ critique, 89 Kant’s views, 20, 59 intellectuals’ relation to, 36–7

384 Index

state (cont.) concept of state, 109–10 Kant on, 58 early life, 102, 108 legitimacy, 59–60 Elementa Logices Aristotelicae, 110 Marx on, 72 ethics of immanent teleology, 109–10 republican, 89–90 Logische Untersuchungen, 129 Rousseau on, 56–7 on education, 110 separation from government, 51–2 Troeltsch, Ernst, 151 Trendelenburg on, 109–10 Staudinger, Franz, 152, 154 United States, 44 Steffens, Henrik, 121, 123 universities Stegmuller,¨ Wolfgang, 154 Kant’s conflict of the faculties, 38–40 Main Currents of Contemporary Philosophy, 154 validity, 138 Stendhal, 316–17 autonomy of reason and, 145 Stirner, Max, 84 cultural, 143 Strumpf, Carl, 167 neo-Kantian concept of culture and, Sturmfels, Wilhelm, 152 143–8 subjectivism, 177 main features, 145 subjectivity, 85 neo-Kantian concern with, 140 intersubjectivity and, 277–8 opposition to being, 138, 145 subsuming self–other interactions, 321 unity, 145 suffering, 203 vitalism, 170 suffrage, 126 völkisch law, 242, 245–6 supreme supervision, 41 Volksgemeinschaft, 242 surplus value, 98 Volpicelli, Arnaldo, 262, 265, 270 Svarez, Carl Gottlieb, 53 Voltaire, 53 systematic philosophy, 155 Vorländer, Karl, 152 Vormärz, 83, 89–90 Tauber, Alfred, 228 Taylor, Charles, 324 Walzer, Michael, 3 Tenbruck, Friedrich, 155 wasps, 172 terror, 46 wealth distribution, 84 theodicy, 42, 43 Weber, Max, 151, 152 theology, 38 on Kant’s ethics, 198, 201–2 conflict with philosophy, 39–40 on labour, 198 impact of neo-Kantianism, 152 on rationalisation, 188, 196 theory philosophy of history, 338–9 as material force, 90 Protestant Ethic and the ‘Spirit’ of Capitalism, thick and thin description, 3 The, 188 thing-in-itself, 187 Weimar Republic, 239 time will Bergson on, 168–9 Hegel’s concept, 71 Topitsch, Ernst, 247 Kant’s rational, 223 transcendental analytic, 144, 177 Schopenhauer’s, 162 transcendental condition of possibility, 4 Windelband, Wilhelm, 137, 139, 142, 146, transcendental idealism, 12–13 151, 338 transcendental realism, 12 on development of modern cultural Trendelenburg, Adolf Friedrich, 112 consciousness, 148–9 Trendelenburg, Friedrich Adolf Preludes, 150 academic career, 108 Wolff, Christian, 99–100 Berger’s influence on, 110–11, 122, 128–9 Wolfflin,¨ Heinrich, 151

Index 385

women World War, First, 233 as sexualised being, 283–4, 290–1 World War, Second, 237–8 Beauvoir on, 293–5 Worms, Frédéric, 175 as child-bearing, 304–5, 315 capacity for recognition, 317 Zeitschrift für Deutsche Kulturphilosophie, Fichte on, 287–8, 289 234 inferiority, 293 Zeller, Eduard, 140 freedom and free will, 284 Zwang, 214–15, 216–19 Rousseau’s concept, 283–4 pure reason as, 217