Geographical Names

Azov (also referred to as Ozov and Oziv). Named Azak by the Polovt- sians who captured it in 1067, this settlement was part of the Golden Horde from the 13th century. It was captured by the Ottoman Empire in 1475 and held by the Don Cossacks in 1637–42. The city became a part of the Russian Empire in 1774. Bazavluh (Bazavluk) is a river in the southern part of today’s Dnipro- petrovsk region. It is a tributary of the Dnipro River. The Zaporo- zhian Sich was located on this river from 1593 to 1638. Berestechko – a town in the Volyn region. It was the location of a battle that went disastrously badly for Bohdan Khmelnytskyi and the Kozaks, many of whom perished in the swamp. – city south of . Its current name is the same. It was founded in the eleventh century by Yaroslav the Wise. Bohdan Khmelnytskyi signed a treaty with the Polish-Lithuanian Common- wealth in Bila Tserkva in 1651. – formerly an important centre and now a smaller city south of Kyiv. Bratslav – a city in the Vinnytsia region, mentioned in Khmelnytskyi dumy. It is a city important to Jews because it was the home Rabbi Nachman, the founder of one of the major branches of Hasidism. Cherken-dolyna – Cherken Valley, located in southern in the region of Tavan, a tributary of the Dnipro. It was an important crossing for traders and Crimean Tatar raiders. Chyhyryn – a city that currently bears the same name. It has been con- tinuously inhabited since the Iron Age and the remnants of an Iron xii List of Geographical Names

Age fortress are still visible. At the time of Khmelnytskyi it became the Hetman’s residence and remained so until 1676. Kefe, Kafa, Keffe, present-day Feodosiia, a city founded in the fourth century and the location of a major slave market in the period from the fi fteenth to the seventeenth centuries. The name Feodosiia was restored to the city when Crimea was annexed by the Russian empire in 1783. – two islands on the Dnipro River, near the city of Zapor- izhzhia. The name is most often associated with the Kozak head- quarters, which, according to legend, provided the Kozaks with great defensive advantages from large vessels such as Ottoman gal- leys. Other Kozak headquarters were Tomakivka (ca.1564–93), Baza- vluk (1593–1638), Mykytyn Rih (1639–52), Chortomlyk (1652–1709), Kamianets (1709–11), Oleshky (1711–34). There was also the New of Pidpilna Sich (1734–75), as well as the Zadunaiska (1775–1828) – but the latter was outside Ukraine. The location of the Sich on Greater Khortytsia Island is now the site of a Kozak museum. Khotyn – a fortress on the right bank of the Dniester River. Once part of Moldova and now a part of Ukraine, Khotyn was long contested by the Ottomans and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was captured and held by the Kozaks, lead by Tymysh Khmelnytskyi, in 1650 and 1652–3. Kili, Kiliia – a city in the province of Odesa, located on the Kiliia tributary of the Danube River. It is 45 kilometres downstream from Izmail and 40 kilometres from the . It was the location of a major Ottoman fortress. Kodak – a fortress built by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1635 on the right bank of the Dnipro River. Its purpose was to stop peasants who felt oppressed and exploited from fl eeing the Com- monwealth and joining the Zaporozhian Sich. Kodyma – a tributary of the Southern Bug that fl ows through the Mykolaiv and Odessa provinces. It forms an especially wide valley where confl icts with Tatars frequently occurred. Korsun – still has the same name. This city was the site of a major battle during the Khmelnytskyi Uprising. Kozlov – Gozleve in Ottoman Turkish and Kezlev in Crimean Tatar. The city is currently called Evpatoria. This was the location of a large market where slaves were sold. List of Geographical Names xiii

Muravskyi Shliakh – the Muravian Way, a trail heading northward from Crimea, through Eastern Ukraine, and into . It was used by the Tatars of the Crimean Khanate for attacks on the Ukrainian lands and beyond. – a city southwest of Kyiv. It was the location where Bohdan Khmelnytskyi signed the treaty that recognized the Het- manate, but also subjugated it to Russia. Podillia – a historical region between the Southern Bug and the Dni- ester. It is mentioned frequently in dumy. Polonne – a city located on the Vistula. In the Khmelnytskyi dumy the name Polonne refers not only to this city, but to Polish territory in general. Saltanka/Soltanka (krynytsia) – krynytsia means “well” and the well called either Saltanka or Soltanka appears in the duma about three brothers dying near the Samara River. Samara – a tributary of the Dnipro River. It originates on the western side of the Donetsk ridge and fl ows through the regions of present- day Donetsk, Kharkiv, and Dnipropetrovsk. Savur-mohyla – mohyla refers to a kurgan or burial mound such as one of those left by the Sarmatians on the Ukrainian steppe. Savur-mohyla appears frequently in folklore, both dumy and other folklore forms. It was believed to be a particularly large burial mound and became emblematic of all kurgans. It is located on the Donetsk ridge near the city of Snizhne, not far from the current Russian border. Its height made it strategically important in times of confl ict. Sorochyntsi – a town in the Poltava region, famous for its fairs. Subotiv – currently a small village near Chyhyryn. At the time of Khmelnytskyi, it was his homestead and the location of his church which, during the uprising that he led, also served as a fortress. The church is reputed to have underground tunnels that allowed the inhabitants of Subotiv to hide when under attack. Suchava/Suceava – a city in northwest Romania, located on the banks of the Suceava River in the Danube basin. Tavriia – a region in the southern part of Ukraine that include parts of the current Kherson and Zaporizhzhia regions. xiv List of Geographical Names

Tiahynia or Tighina in Romanian, Bender in Turkish – the old name for the fortress in the city of Bendery, Moldova. It is located on the Dniester River. Zhovti Vody – currently a town in the Dnipro Region, located on the river Zhovta. It was the location of one of the important battles of the Khmelnytskyi Uprising. UKRAINIAN EPIC AND HISTORICAL SONG This page intentionally left blank