If This Issue Had a Theme,It Would Be

November 2008

A Letter from the Editor In this issue p1 iNEquality08 Conference Report p1 Rethinking the Role of Economic it would be If this issue had a theme, Sociology in Late Capitalism Conferences: Past and Future. If you missed one of our two midterm conferences— “Inequality beyond globalization” in Neuchâtel, Switzerland, or the First ISA p2 Call for Papers Markets as Networks Forum of Sociology in Barcelona, Spain—we’re pleased to provide some intellec- p3 Work in South Africa tually engaging conference reports in this issue. I owe warm thanks to our many p5 Call for Papers SASE contributors for their meticulous reports crackling with ideas. p9 Call for Papers: CRESC Two years have passed since our last World Congress in South Africa, an occa- Annual Conference sion when many of us traveled to learn more about the new South Africa. Johann p12 Welfare and Gender Regimes Maree, Professor of Sociology at the University of Cape Town, is currently work- ing on two projects on work in his country. He has kindly written a short piece on p15 Transnational Corporations this topic that you can find beginning on page three. p16 Responses to the Emerging Global Plutonomy We have one remaining conference scheduled before the next World Congress. p16 The Knowledge Economy This will be held in Sofia, Bulgaria. Please see the Call for Papers on the next page. p17 Call for Papers Anthropology of Stuff Aaron Pitluck p19 Members’ Recent Research Illinois State University, USA p19 Call for Book Proposals and Papers [email protected] p22 Member Spotlights p23 Readings on the anthropology iNEquality08 First ISA Forum of Sociology of financial markets Conference Report Rethinking the Role of p24 Call for Paper: REA Inequality Beyond Economic Sociology in Late Globalization: Capitalism: Report on p26 VI Workshop Enterprises Economic Changes Economic Sociology and the Dynamics as Critique of Inequality Introduction: Sociological Research and Public Debate on Agenda “Inequality beyond globalization” – the Questioning the purpose and the role of RC02 midterm conference in Neuchâtel, sociology is an inherent part of so- Switzerland (June 26-28, 2008), success- ciological enterprise. A recent wave of fully evaluated the status and prospects rethinking sociology and its position in of research in the development of social the world which took place during the inequalities after the decade of global- last decade has come with the idea of ization discourse. Seven plenary and ‘public sociology’ advocated by Michael 18 workshop sessions connected 130 Burawoy. Burawoy’s powerful assertion of researchers from more than 30 countries. the four sociologies, professional, policy, Due to generous support, especially by critical, and public, and his claim that travel grants for participants from Africa, public sociology is vital for the future Asia, Latin-America and Eastern Europe

continued on page 2 continued on page 7 page 2 provided by the Swiss-based World Society Foundation and the Swiss Sociological Association, one fourth Markets as Networks of the papers originated from societ- Date: 25-26 September 2009 ies beyond the Western core (the confer- ence papers are posted on the conference Site: Sofia University, Department of Sociology, Sofia, Bulgaria website, see at http://www2.unine.ch/ Organiser: ISA, RC02 “Economy and Society”, the Department of Sociology, Univer- inequality08). sity of Sofia “St. Kliment Ohridski” and the Bulgarian Sociological Association The conference opened with plenary Topics: The conference aims at reviewing the major conceptual tools that economic lectures by Branko Milanovic (World sociology has proposed to understand the various forms of interplay between markets Bank) and Arthur S. Alderson (Indiana) and network structures. How are markets socially constructed via networks, whether who presented reminders on the state of markets are social networks? How can networks of individuals and firms serve as a the art in global income inequality mea- competitive advantage on the market? As a context, of interest here is market opening and closing as an interaction of global orders and national traditions. Globalization is surement. Milanovic presented results primarily geared toward the opening of markets. However, open markets produce ten- from the ongoing project on individual sions and crises, whose settlement involves new forms of closure through re-regulation income inequality in the world (‘inequal- on a transnational level. In this way, national forms of market order are under pressure ity among world citizens’, as Francois of adjustment. Bourgouinon once took it): we will all How do these macro-processes influence the formation, maintenance and dissolu- remember his description how Brazil al- tion of networks of market players? How do the corporations build their networks and most completely covers the world income what is their effect on national (dis)integrity in particular? What kind of networks form distribution, including both (almost) the and maintain small entrepreneurs? How is their development connected to the migra- richest and the poorest world citiziens, tion streams in the global world and what is the specific role of family networks? The or his borrowing from literary texts, to expectation is to study how the interaction of processes located at different levels of institutionalization produces new, more open and more flexible market and network describe income distribution in the 19th structures. The important focus is expected to be the theoretical clarification of the very century. These insights were paralleled by concept of network and the way in which network mechanisms generate social capital. those of Anthony Shorrocks (UNU, Hel- Social capital is seen here as competitive advantage on the market which has network sinki) who, later, opened the second day origins. Related focus of interest is on information as a core of intersection between with a precise description of the chang- market and network: how and under what circumstances the structure of prior relations ing patterns of global wealth ownership, among people and organisations in a market can affect, or replace, the flow of market and corresponded to Milanovic in the information and what can people do with it? The network mechanisms such as conta- stressing of the importance of new in- gion (imitation), prominence (reputation), closure, brokerage, etc. should be explored. comes and fortunes in emerging societies Topics: - The Concept of Network; Network Formation, Maintenance and Dissolution: such as China and Russia. An unexpected the Network Structure of Social Capital; Markets as Social Networks; - Small Entre- twist of Shorrocks lay in the hint that, preneurship, Family Networks and Migration in a Globalizing World; - Corporation in after correcting for GDP growth and ex- Networks – National (Dis)Integrity?; - Different Market Routes – Different Networks. change rates, the highest rise in fortunes The general objective of the conference is to attract papers reporting on recent empirical was in the five large conservative welfare research, theoretical contributions and, of course, good combinations of the two. states (Germany, Italy, France, Spain, and Language: English the Netherlands) and Australia, while Fee: 80 € and is payable upon arrival or via bank transfer (For details see conference Japan and even Taiwan fell behind in that registration form on the website.) For early bird registration until 1 May 2009: 50 €. regard. Limited grants available for young researchers and also scholars from CEE can apply for Alderson presented the state of his a fee waiver and contribution to their travel expenses. research on the income developments in different income strata which recently Deadline: March 1, 2009. The abstracts should not exceed 500 words. Please send an spread from earlier work on core societ- abstract using the form on the website and also a short CV with a list of publications. ies to the analysis of semi-peripheral Information on acceptance will be sent to participants at the end of March 2009. The countries, showing that even income final deadline for papers is set for 5th of September 2009. inequality is definitely more than just Gini-coefficients. Contact: Assoc. Prof. Tanya Chavdarova (University of Sofia, Department of Sociology, A session on new concepts of inequal- 125 Tzarigradsko Shosse Blvd., Bl. 4, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria) ity showed the high level, but equally E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +359 888 719 376; /Fax: +359 2 870 6260 high complexity and diversity of recent Internet: http://www.netmark.bsa-bg.org inequality understanding. Sylvia Walby page 3

(Lancaster/GB) traced the influence both for Germany and Great Britain. of globalization on the complexity of Contrasting to these dynamics, Pascale recent inequalities, while Manuela Boatca Gazareth and Christian Suter (Neuchâtel, (Eichstätt/D) challenged the notion of Switzerland) were able to show the im- ‘new’ inequalities by uncovering traces of portance of cultural deprivation, i.e. the old vertical structures in the globalized existence or non-existence of culturally reality, and Bettina Mahlert (Bielefeld/D) accepted living standards as dish washers, discussed the insights which the neo- as a measure of social inequality, while institutionalist theory of world polity noting a remarkable stability over the five adds to the study of global inequality. years under study. Gertraude Mikl-Horke (Vienna) added The third and fourth plenary lectures her understanding of a new dichotomy combined two known experts of in- between actors and subjects in economic equalities in the respective world regions Work in South Africa change. of their study: Evelyne Huber (North Paid work in South Africa is very In the session on persistence and Carolina) on Latin America and Nina different from paid work in the rest of changes in inequalities, two European Bandelj (Irvine) on the East European Africa, especially Sub-Saharan Africa. Whereas most paid work in Africa is For transition countries, Bandelj showed that the informal, a remarkably small propor- tion of it is informal in South Africa. Informal work is work that is not transition from socialism to regulated in any way. Informal enter- prises are ones that do not register nor capitalism does not inevitably lead do they abide by any of the country’s labour regulations. It has puzzled economists and sociologists why there to major upsurges in inequality is so little informal employment in South Africa when there is such vast and two Latin American papers added transformation countries. Based on unemployment in the country. to knowledge and understanding the nearly 200 unbalanced WIID observa- Before trying to answer this socio- session’s topic in rather different ways: tions of inequality from 21 countries, economic puzzle it is necessary to back Luis Bértola (Uruguay) presented re- Huber showed that forces to increase it up with evidence. It has been reliably sults on the income distribution in Latin Latin American inequality were FDI estimated that no less than 72% of America from 1870 to 1930 showing the inflows, the growth of informal employ- non-agricultural employment in Sub- increase in social inequality both within ment, and liberalizations of markets and Saharan Africa is informal. If South and between nations during the first trade, with clear time trends, but not in Africa is excluded the share of infor- globalization boom. The other paper all cases significant effects. At the same mal employment rises to 78%. This from Latin America, presented by Laura time, education and social spending in is because informal employment in Ariovich and Pablo Gutierrez condensed democratic societies, as well as decreasing South Africa is so small. The informally the existing (but to a large extent hid- sector dualism, had clear effects but only employed in South Africa constitute den) literature on individual trajectories a modest time change. For transition only 16% of the labour force. This is following lay-offs during two distinct countries, Bandelj showed that the transi- the case in spite of the fact that “broad” periods in Argentina, showing how the tion from socialism to capitalism does unemployment in South Africa stands situation of fired workers became both not inevitably lead to major upsurges in at an astonishingly high 43%. Broad more insecure and more dependent on inequality, since postsocialist states that unemployment includes discouraged individual strategies from the 1980s to made political choices to preserve a larger workers in the labour force, that is, it the 1990s. This result in a way parallels state sector limit FDI penetration and includes adults who are willing and the one of Johannes Giesecke and Roland keep individualist orientations in check able to work, but have given up look- Verwiebe (Germany) who found that in with institutional provisions for social ing for work because they have become individual Mincer-type income regres- protection, experienced less income in- discouraged. The “narrow” or standard sions from the mid-1980s onwards, over equality after the collapse of communism definition of unemployment excludes time income depends more on where one than did their counterparts. discouraged workers from the labour works (the EGP class position) than what The late morning session on the second force. qualification she has (by education scale), day attempted to answer the question, The extremely high level of unemployment

continued on page 11 page 4 why exactly income inequality had risen. social inequality. It brought together pre- of Sciences in Warsaw, Poland, investi- Three answers were presented. Hanno senters from an equally broad range of gated the relationship between economic Scholtz (Zurich, Switzerland), studying world regions. Having lived in and con- inequality and measures of political skewness trends of income distributions, ducted research on such diverse regions participation and empowerment. In his compared the expected evolutions of as Northern and Sub-Saharan Africa, quantitative cross-national comparison, skewness resulting from globalization- India, Western and Central Europe, and the author showed that levels of political driven income inequality with that of a the United States, the paper givers drew participation of the socio-economically second model based on the assumption inspiring comparisons between the case disadvantaged classes are only moder- of some diffusion process occurring. He studies discussed in the presentations and ately correlated with levels of formal could show that the LIS data strongly the realities in other world regions. Be- democracy as measured by the Freedom support the diffusion model, which gives ginning with Gert Verschraegen and Rika House index. What is more, levels of some hope with regard to the further Verpoorten’s study of formal and infor- political participation turned out to have prospect. Daniela Rohrbach (Cologne, mal social protection, the workshop first a negative effect on economic inequality Germany) studied the effects of sector focused on Sub-Saharan Africa. Drawing that works independently of the effect of bias and sector dualism and could show on an insightful discussion of the rela- formal democracy. In sum, the contribu- that the often-theorized effect of the tive merits of formal (state based) and tions in this inspiring workshop took knowledge society on inequality indeed informal (family and community based) seriously the suggestion made by Evelyne exists. Christopher Kollmeyer (Aberdeen) forms of insurance and social protection Huber in the fourth plenary lecture that substantiated the consequences of global arrangements, the authors, both affiliated while studying intra-national, interna- trade, especially with regard to deindus- trialization. The workshop on inequalities in educa- providing formal democracy is not enough tion opened with Raphaela Schlicht and to reduce intra-national economic income inequality; Isabelle Stadelmann-Steffen (Konstanz, Germany), showing in a multi-level formal democracy needs to be complemented analysis of current EU member coun- by measures that pro-actively foster the political participation of tries with national contexts that have a the disadvantaged strong effect on education inequalities. This general insight was further specified by national studies presented by An- with the University of Leuven, Belgium, tional, and global inequality, one must dreas Hadjar (Berne) on West Germany, argued for a balanced mix of both, for- not forget to have a close look at the still George Waardenburg (Fribourg, Swizer- mal and informal types of social protec- significant role of states. The presenta- land) on Switzerland and Maocan Guo tion mechanisms. They made it clear, tions demonstrated that providing formal (Harvard) on China. The discussion, however, that such a balanced mix is dif- democracy is not enough to reduce intra- involving amongst others the president of ficult to achieve, as formal development national economic income inequality; Swiss Sociological Association, Christoph plans and social protection programs formal democracy needs to be comple- Maeder, brought a lot of institutional tend to interfere with, and not necessarily mented by measures that pro-actively detail into the comparative study of edu- supplement, informal social protection foster the political participation of the cational inequality. arrangements. With the second presenta- disadvantaged. Even in democracies such Discussing globalization impacts, Jef- tion, the focus then shifted to two cities as India and Egypt, public infrastruc- frey Kentor (Utah), based on a panel of in Egypt and India. In a comparative case ture tends to cater to the interests of the less developed countries for 1990-2005, study of these two cities, Dalia Wah- socially advantaged, thereby reproducing studied the relation between globaliza- dan from the University of Pune, India, existing inequalities. In Sub-Saharan Af- tion, income inequality, and internal analyzed the spatial dimensions of social rica, state-based social welfare programs, violence. Karen Rasler and William R inequality and the role of mass transport while distorting community-based forms Thompson (Indiana) found that global- systems in reproducing these inequali- of social protection, are ill suited to ad- ization in both waves before WWI and up ties. Her presentation demonstrated how, dress the needs of the unemployed and to now was a driver of global divergence, in a process of recurrent structuration, those working in the informal economy. while only the between-wars-contraction existing inequalities both shape and are In the session on changes on the forstered global convergence. shaped by the highly selective provision labour market, Sebastien Chauvin Workshop 3B, under the general rubric of public transportation and laws regu- (Paris, France), based on the results of an of “institutions”, addressed a broad range lating private mass transport. Finally, ethnographic study led in Chicago day of state policies and their impacts on Joshua Dubrow from the Polish Academy labour agencies, emphasised the inequal- page 5

ity of resources available to three specific categories of temporary workers which SASE’s 21st Annual Meeting he labelled ‘casual’, ‘regular’ and ‘perma’ (Society for the Advancement of Socio-economics) N Science Po Paris, France temps, when it comes to face the growing uncertainty on the labour market. Also based on a qualitative study, Felix Büh- lmann (Lausanne, Switzerland) identi- July 16-18, 2009 fied four types of achievement careers Capitalism in Crisis: What’s Next? in the new capitalism, which he named Economic Regulation and Social Solidarity the ‘threatened’, the ‘broken’, the ‘surfers’, After the Fall of Finance Capitalism and the ‘icaruses’. These two qualitative papers certainly contributed to opening interesting avenues for reflection in the the deadline for submitting papers is January 15, 2009. For details go to: www.sase.org “typological” literature. The other two papers mobilised quantitative method- To paraphrase the ancient Chinese curse, we have the questionable privilege of living ologies. Johannes Giesecke and Michael in interesting times. As the recent financial crisis made agonizingly clear, the future of capitalism is up for grabs and, at a minimum, the years of neoliberal triumph have come to an end. One craves a lantern at this dark and troubling moment, and the 2009 annual the ‘threatened’, conference of the Society of the Advancement of Socio-Economics will provide illumi- nation into the crisis and its aftermath. the ‘broken’, the First, we encourage scholars to explore the causes for the current economic decline and their implications for modes of regulating advanced capitalist economies. What has ‘surfers’, and the been the impact of globalization without regulation and does the current crisis signal a death knell for laissez-faire capitalism? How have different countries and regions at- tempted to manage the transition to post-industrial capitalism and what models have ‘icaruses’ worked best to weather the current economic upheaval? What will be the role of the state and political contestation in the transition to a new regulatory regime and in man- Gebel (Berlin, Germany) focused on aging post-financial, post-industrial capitalism? the institutional settings of the labour Second, we welcome contributions that consider whether economic efficiency can be market (esp. employment protection reconciled with social solidarity under the new rules of capitalist competition. Insti- legislation, regulation for temporary con- tutional arrangements supporting managed capitalism have been challenged by new tracts, and collective bargaining cover- market pressures, neo-liberal ideology, and economic, social and political uncertainties. age) and their impact on the proportion of temporary work among low-skilled What is the future for the social and political institutions that support egalitarian forms workers. Interestingly, and in contrast to of capitalism? How do contemporary developments resonate with historical turning insider-outsider analyses, they evidenced points that gave rise to the development of key social and political institutions? We that a stricter regulation on temporary also welcome contributions that compare evolving forms of capitalism in developing contracts resulted in a decreasing risk and transition societies, and papers that contrast institutional development in these for low-educated workers to get tempo- countries with changes in developed countries. Scholars might choose to investigate rary contracts (rather than stable ones). the challenges posed by globalization, the transition to a service economy, immigration, Finally, John Western and Jenny Ches- financial integration (and disintegration), and religious or ethnic strife – and to explore ters (Brisbane, Australia) focused on the how various institutional realms at the national and international levels interact and impact of globalisation and neoliberal respond to contemporary challenges. policies on wealth and income inequality Finally, while the literature on “models” or “varieties” of capitalism is vast, it has paid in Australia. They showed the discrep- little attention to the dynamics of change in contemporary capitalism and, rather, has ancy between facts (modest increase in identified distinctive – yet static – constellations that are linked to varied political and inequality) and their perceptions by the policy outcomes. The enormous problems we face in the twenty-first century require Australian people. scholars to move beyond the traditional comparative-statics “comfort zone” of institu- The session on “Knowledge, communi- tional analysis. We invite scholars to bring insights from their specific empirical studies cation and inequality” brought together in-depth case studies. Deepti Shanker to develop new concepts and tools for analyzing institutional change today. (Guwahati, India) described the spread page 6 of ICT in rural India, which allowed for cational qualifications have led to a cer- hung, Taiwan) analyzed the development a between-continents comparison with tain devaluation of these qualifications. and structure of a global Pan-Chinese Emmanuel Afolayan (Ibadan, Nigeria), Though large gaps between the different network of breast cancer survivors that who focused on the digital divide be- levels remain, the effect of educational helps its members cope with the conse- tween urban and rural Nigeria. Based attainment on the likelihood of avoiding quences of their illness and overcome on a study mobilising qualitative and unskilled jobs has grown smaller. Paral- processes of social exclusion. While other quantitative methodologies (a rather lel to this trend, ascriptive characteristics papers mainly focused on the role of state successful attempt to combine both), he such as nationality have become more programs and labor market integration, identified the lack of infrastructure, the significant, whereas gender inequality has this last paper discussed the importance high cost, and electricity shortage as the decreased. The second paper, focusing on of social capital as created by civil society main factors accounting for this divide. the situation of economically disadvan- organizations, demonstrating both the Steven Sek-yum Ngai demonstrated that public assistance in Hong Kong, when combined with the use of public service centers, has considerable positive effects on socially disadvantaged young people

Kari Paakkulainen (Helsinki, Finland) taged youngsters in Hong Kong, analyzed opportunities and risks created by trans- attempted to explore the links between the effects of public assistance programs national network-building. what he named the increasing openness and service provision. Steven Sek-yum In a workshop on attitudes towards of post-national politics and the use of Ngai (Hong Kong, China) demonstrated inequality and redistribution, the still- Internet and ICT. His contribution drew that public assistance, when combined growing interest in how inequalities are on a rather original comparison between with the use of public service centers, has perceived and evaluated was addressed by Korea, the European Union, and Japan. considerable positive effects on socially Antonio Jaime Castillo (Granada, Spain). A workshop on integration into the disadvantaged young people. Conse- He argued that controlling for subjective labor market, diverse with regard both quently, the following plenary discussion expectations of social mobility renders to regional provenience and the topics raised the question of what distinguishes any measures of objective expectations in addressed, led to remarkably stimulat- social assistance and service programs in that regard insignificant – an argument ing discussions. Analyzing the situation Hong Kong from less successful pro- that, while at the moment still inhibited of socially vulnerable and stigmatized grams elsewhere and to what extent these by the use of a too-simple matrix for ob- groups, the papers were concerned with, programs could serve as model cases jective evaluations, was in line with Ur- on the one hand, the role of the state in for other countries. Ieva Pranka (Riga, sula Dallinger’s (Trier, Germany) findings helping these groups become (re)inte- Latvia) addressed problems related to the on the missing relation between inequal- grated into the labor market and, on the labor market integration of HIV-infected ity and demand for redistribution and other hand, the growing transnational groups und HIV-infection risk groups. even with Volker Bornschier’s remarks in organization of self-help and pressure Even though structural conditions in the concluding session that norms, ex- groups. Juan Ignacio Martínez-Pastor Latvia are surprisingly conducive to HIV- pectations and therefore public discourse and Fabrizio Bernardi (Madrid, Spain) infected persons (shortage of qualified have almost disentangled social inequal- investigated the factors affecting the labor, state law forbidding employers to ity from political action. As this leaves its likelihood of young Spaniards occupying inquire about applicants’ health), un- mark in the behavior both of individual unskilled jobs. Drawing on the Spanish employment among HIV-infection risk workers and political actors was demon- Labor Force Survey, the authors found groups is high. As explanation, Pranka strated, respectively, by Martina Rebien’s that, over the last three decades, the share pointed not to social stigmatization of (Nuremberg, Germany) evidence that of young people occupying unskilled jobs HIV-infected persons, but to the high Germany’s workers are increasingly has decreased. This decrease, however, is prevalence of HIV-infections among disposed to accept worse working con- largely due to a relative decline of jobs in drug users, unregistered sex workers, and ditions, and Anne-Vaïa Fouradoulas’ agriculture. Increases in the proportion persons with low levels of educational (Fribourg, Switzerland) analysis of the of youngsters having high levels of edu- qualifications. Finally, Hao Wang (Taic- new discord between leftist Swiss political page 7 organizations in their strategies regarding can be expected, and once democracy Society Foundation announced the three globalization. is achieved, the underprivileged may winners of its Award Program 2008 (1st The concluding roundtable “The organize, even though that radical redis- prize: $10000, 2nd prizes: $5000): Future of Global Inequaliy” started with tributive attempts in Latin America have • Daniela Rohrbach (Bonn, Germany) an input by Volker Bornschier (Zurich, failed. for the paper “Sector Bias and Sector Switzerland), which connected back to But in the recent situation, as Arthur Dualism: The Knowledge Society and Milanovic and Alderson in the opening Alderson stated, there is no real tendency Inequality” (1st prize) plenary, presenting a picture of trends toward unconditional convergence in • Jason Beckfield (Harvard) for the paper in global inequality, both within and levels of inequality. There are large and “Remapping Inequality in Europe: The between countries. He pointed towards persistent level-differences such that, in a Net Effect of Regional Integration on the importance of politics and policy, context in which inequality is increasing Total Income Inequality in the European later on supported by Evelyne Huber. in many countries, countries are not con- Union (2nd prize) verging on a common level of inequality. • Timothy P. Moran (SUNY-Stony In explaining these persistent level-differ- Brooks) and Roberto Korzeniewicz Most U.S. ences, institutional factors obviously play (Maryland) for the paper “Rethinking a key role. Alderson centered more on in- Inequality: A World–historical Perspec- sociologists are stitutions than on politics. Differing from tive” (2nd prize) Huber, he was more pessimistic based on The UEFA Euro 2008 betting game, the U.S. situation where labor movement finally, clearly demonstrated that sociolo- Rawlsians in the and the left have had no strategy for the gists are unlucky gamblers – despite the last three decades with regard to deindus- workshop on “inequalities in football” sense that they care trialization, globalization, and the liberal (held just before the public viewing) turn. with the contribution of Hanspeter A third point was an attempt of the Stamm (Zurich, Switzerland) on “how to only for “unjust” philosophical bases of the study of know the winner before the game starts” inequality. Most U.S. sociologists are showing that there are two main fac- inequality which Rawlsians in the sense that they care only tors explaining success in international for “unjust” inequality which is attribut- football (size and GDP per capita). None is attributable to able to discrimination. But, as Alderson of the participants could predict the cor- stated, if research views “justified dis- rect result (3:0 for Spain) – although an parities” as unproblematic, or requiring Argentine colleague was very close with discrimination no further analysis, this leads to a dead his tip of 3:1. The betting game commit- end. However, recent research in medi- tee, therefore, decided to give the whole Effects of politics and policy have been cal sociology and elsewhere has begun to prize money to charities (the WWF). strong: Colonialism was the base for document the ways in which inequality current inequality in many parts of the has profound effects, whether merito- Hanno Scholtz world, as well as post-WWII policies in cratically-generated or not. University of Zurich East Asia which reduced inequality. In The conference was embedded in a cos- [email protected] advanced industrial societies, all welfare mos of social events from the welcome Christian Suter states redistribute income downward. reception of the Department of Sociol- University of Neuchâtel With regard to the global inequality ogy of the University of Neuchâtel with [email protected] situation, Latin America is ahead on the the common “public viewing” and the democratic road compared to the rest of betting game of one European football the developing world, and the question is championship semi final (Russia-Spain) cont’d from page 1: Rethinking the Role whether democracy will stabilize in Latin over a great conference dinner, housed of the discipline and for the promotion America and whether it will take hold in a building of former asylum-givers of democratic civil society, has certainly in large parts of Asia and Africa as well. to Jean Jacques Rousseau, to a final boat found resonance among fellow soci- Current work on democracy suggests that tour on the lakes around Neuchâtel, ologists. After a number of stimulating strengthening civil societies are good for which allowed us to deepen global dis- presentations, debates, journal sympo- democracy, and the spread of industrial- cussions beyond inequality, and to tie the sia, and conferences comes the 1st ISA ization, urbanization, and information is participants and RC02 members together Forum of Sociology in Barcelona. Sep- good for civil society. So, as development in one common experience. tember 5-8 of 2008 were the days when proceeds, a strengthening of democracy During the conference dinner the Word sociologists from around the world came together for a gathering which had as its page 8 umbrella topic Sociological Research and session, Economic Sociology as Critique. and on the possibility of its conceiving Public Debate. Sayer challenged the dominant new without recourse to postmodernist rejec- The Forum may well have been called economic sociology using the notion of tion. She suggested that there are four Forum for Public Sociology: the idea critique. Critique, he asserted, is often broad alternative conceptions of progress permeated the forum, evident in the very reduced, to mere ‘being reflexive about currently on the agenda of social and subject line as well as the structure of the one’s scientific practice’. Some reject cri- economic science. These are: economic program and the agenda of the plenary tique altogether by appealing to Hume’s development and growth; equality; hu- and common sessions. To be sure, all ‘is-ought’ distinction, and the argument man rights; and human development, three plenary sessions were devoted to that evaluative descriptions (such as well-being and capabilities. Walby dis- discussions of how sociology should em- references to ‘exploitation’) cannot be cussed the last approach stemming from place itself in what may for convenience deduced from facts. Others argue values the work of Amartya Sen and his distinc- be termed the public spheres of contem- are merely subjective and run counter tion between capabilities – opportunities porary world (and there certainly are to objective ‘factual’ description. Sayer and substantive freedoms to choose, and many); the closing session had Michael questioned the is-ought distinction by functionings – things and outcomes. The Burawoy, Alberto Martinelli and Alain arguing that ‘the force of the ought’ is alternative interpretations of these no- Touraine as speakers and these names not about logical relations but about tions lie at the heart of a range of initia- speak for themselves. being, about needs and well-being. He tives such as UN Development Project Whatever importance we ascribe to the statements of the general problems and to science-wide discussions, any idea The Forum may well have been is relatively fruitless if it does not become operational. That is, if it does not with time come down to the particular issues called Forum for Public Sociology. and workings of manifold fields and disciplines within science (in this case, The idea permeated the structure of the the science of sociology). It was most interesting for me to witness a number program and the agenda of the plenary sessions. of instances at the Forum where it did. (There were more as I already hear from my colleagues’ recollections of the ses- sions I was not attending; and the Forum also argued that some important social (UNDP), UN Millennium Development was truly enormous in size with more phenomena could only be adequately de- Goals (MDG) and Human Development than 2500 registered delegates.) scribed using thick ethical terms like ‘op- and Capability Association (HDCA). I will report on one such instance pressive’ or ‘cruel’ or ‘benevolent’. There- Walby has offered a critique of these which I found particularly illuminat- fore critique of practices is necessary for interpretations, suggesting that UNDP ing. It is the session on Economic Sociol- social scientific description and explana- and MDG are oriented at the outcomes ogy as Critique of Research Committee tion, serving as its motive and guiding while HDCA focuses on capabilities 02 Economy and Society. It was openly principle. Sayer further applied these and choice. In her opinion, capabilities- concerned with one of the crucial tasks arguments to economic sociology, stating oriented approach neglects the problem for public sociology, the task of critique. that it often equates (moral) norms with of ‘adaptive preferences’ and generally The session was chaired by Andrew mere conventions about coordinated hinders the potential of the complex pro- Sayer of Lancaster University (UK) and action. This leads to the ignorance about gressive agendas of UNDP and MDG. In consisted of the presentations by Sayer, those moral norms and conceptions of her concluding remarks Walby suggested Sylvia Walby, Michael Burawoy and John good, that constitute and legitimate eco- that it is extremely important to consider Holmwood (in order of presentation). nomic institutions. Sayer concluded by in addition to well-being and capabilities, For the convenience of the reader I will arguing that critique and valuation about the broad agenda of equality. first give summaries of their speeches and human well-being should be intrinsic The third presenter, Michael Burawoy, then offer my own short reflection on the to economic sociology that seeks to be a of University of California at Berkeley, session. critical social science. USA, spoke on Two Roads from Polanyi: Sylvia Walby, also of Lancaster Uni- Economic Sociology versus Public Sociol- The Four Presentations versity, in a talk on Contested Futures of ogy. Burawoy advocated a critical vision The session opened with the presenta- Economy and Society elaborated on the for economic sociology by drawing on tion of Andrew Sayer on the topic of the problem of contested notion of progress Karl Polanyi and exploring the two ways page 9 in which his work can be developed. we are currently going through the ‘Third tional’ language of science). These pathways are a terrain of contesta- Wave of Marketization’. This Third Wave The last presentation, Citizenship and tion and debate. In what Burawoy termed fundamentally leads to the commodifica- Markets Revisited: ‘Neo-Liberalism’ and ‘Polanyi-1’ way economic sociology tion of nature and environment. Burawoy ‘Neo-Progressivism’ by Michael Holm- (which, in Burawoy’s opinion, developed suggested that the experience of com- wood, of University of Birmingham, in the US as a response to Marxism of modification is more obvious and more UK, challenged the widespread view that 1970s) posits itself as the study of so- pressing than the experience of exploita- capitalism necessarily entails a totalizing cial embeddedness of market economy. tion and therefore it also brings about the system where economic logic spans all This position, according to Burawoy, is potential for resistance and emergence of relations of production and consump- that of offering the economists a better, civil society. The challenge for economic tion. Holmwood attempted to reassert sociologically augmented standpoint in sociology, according to Burawoy, is in the possibility of progressive politics their analysis. To this ‘tamed’ version of adopting the standpoint of ‘Polanyi-2’, by exploring how socialism and social Polanyi Burawoy contrasted a ‘Polanyi-2’ the standpoint of civil society, and hence relations constitute a particular actual way. In this second development, ‘histori- becoming the true critical social science. history alongside and in connection cist and dynamic’ Polanyi is drawn on During the discussion Burawoy suggested with capitalism and economic relations, as a powerful critic of commodification that sociology should address the pub- rather than being the utopian alternative. and market fundamentalism. Burawoy lics in their own languages (and not in a Holmwood started from a critique of further expanded on Polanyi’s seminal presumably universal language of science contemporary neo-Marxian and neo-We- Great Transformation argument on com- both in the sense of scientific concepts berian class analyses that attempt to show modification of land and suggested that and in the sense of English as an ‘interna- either that class need not necessarily be

CRESC Annual Conference 2 - 4 September, 2009 University of Manchester Objects - What Matters? Technology, Value and Social Change

As contemporary social theorists continue to signal the need to Themes reconfigure our deliberations on the social through attention to • The transformational work of everyday objects practice, to object-mediated relations, to non-human agency and • Object-centered learning • Materiality, Stability and the State to the affective dimensions of human sociality, this conference • Radical Archives – within and beyond textual assemblages takes as its focus the objects and values which find themselves at • Conceptual Objects and Methods as Objects centre stage. And we ask, in the context of nearly two decades of • Immaterial Objects – haunting, virtuality, traces. diverse disciplinary approaches to these issues, what matters about • Financial Objects objects? How are they inflecting our understandings of technol- • Affective Objects • Ephemera, Enthusiasm and Excess ogy, of expertise, and of social change? How has a focus on objects • Spiritual and/or Moral Objects reconfigured our understandings of how values inflect the ways in • Controversial and Messy Objects which people make relations, create social worlds, and construct conceptual categories? How have objects become integral to human Keynote speakers to date include: Avery Gordon (UC Santa Bar- enthusiasms and energies, to transformational ambition, or to the bara), Graham Harman (American University Cairo), Annemarie Mol (University of Twente), Kathleen Stewart (University of Texas, transmission of values across time and space? How do objects move Austin) between ordinary and extraordinary states, shade in and out of sig- nificance, manifest instability and uncertainty? How do moral and Please submit either (a) 300 word abstracts for individual papers, or material values attach to objects as they move in space and time? (b) proposals for panels including 3 papers by the end of February What dimensions do they inhabit and/or reveal? To address these 2009. Proposal Forms are available online at www.cresc.ac.uk questions we welcome papers on the following themes. page 10

“Economic Sociology as Critique Session” proved to be a lanyi 1’, the theorist of embedding. John Holmwood, taking very popular session, with about 100 people squeezing into his inspiration from Durkheim, discussed the pathologies what became an increasingly warm lecture room. Four of neoliberalism and neoprogressivism, and the significance speakers - Andrew Sayer, Sylvia Walby, Michael Burawoy of the welfare state in counteracting the effects of markets. and John Holmwood - gave brief presentations or provoca- All four contributions overlapped and differed fruitfully and tions on the theme and there then followed a full 40 minutes led to a constructive debate. Overall, the impression was that of questions and lively discussion. Andrew Sayer argued the audience agreed on the importance of developing more that economic sociology needed to regain the critical edge critical research on economy and society. We intend to build characteristic of early writing on economy and society, on this at our next meeting in Gothenberg. such as that of Adam Smith, and recommended Sen and Nussbaum’s capabilities approach to help define critical Andrew Sayer standpoints. By reference to her work on gender, Sylvia Lancaster University, UK Walby discussed the potential of public sociology and the [email protected] strengths and weaknesses of capabilities and human rights approaches as bases for critique. Michael Burawoy discussed the critical potential of the ideas of Polanyi, albeit ‘Polanyi 2’, the theorist of ‘the double movement’, rather than ‘Po-

an important factor for certain phenom- widespread disillusionments tices ena; or that it need not take the fact that that spanned the discipline of in people today do not define themselves in economic sociology and the the class terms as a problem for doing class science of sociology in general age analysis. Holmwood suggested that rather particularly in the last thirty of than taking the pathway from Marx and years. These are, on the one late his critique of Hegel and then to Weber, hand, the disillusionment with capi- we may take an alternative pathway, from the idea of value-free and objec- talism. Hegel and Durkheim to Karl Polanyi. tive science; and on the other hand Sylvia Polanyi’s notion of labour as a fictitious the disillusionment with the pow- Walby gave commodity illuminates the fact that la- ers of economics and sociology based an illuminat- bour contract and generalized labour are purely on economics and rationality ing example not purely the consequences of capitalist assumptions in describing and explain- when she ana- economic logic. Quite the contrary, ac- ing the world around us. In paradoxically lyzed different cording to Holmwood, they represent the simultaneous histories a Marxist spirit of programs for intrusion of the social into economic. In changing the world for better powerfully social action and other words, labour contract is the result reinstated itself just when neoliberalism excavated the dif- of politics and social relations. He sees in science and policy became the agenda ferent understand- the alternative in reasserting the Hegelian of the day. ings and ground- distinction between ‘necessary’ and ‘con- Evident in the presentations was the ings employed in tingent’ for the commodity form and in need for a general concern with the their development. recasting the role of the state in protect- standpoints of researchers in economic And in the same vein ing against contingencies of the market sociology. I think that the speakers there is an important affinity between while preserving positive consequences of succeeded in highlighting a particular Michael Burawoy and John Holmwood commodification, namely the freedoms domain of power for economic sociology, who, while addressing seemingly differ- associated with civil society and private a domain where critique as a mode of in- ent problems, challenged the dominant exchange. In Holmwood’s view sociology tellectual and scientific action is extreme- understandings of economic sociology. should play the leading critical role in ly topical. It is the domain of expertise of Burawoy criticized economic sociol- this process. the ways of thinking. By this I mean the ogy’s ‘taming’ of Polanyi and made the application of sociological knowledge authoritative claim for an alternative A Commentary: Critique of Knowledg- and reasoning to the actual knowledges appreciation of Polanyi’s work. Similarly es, Critique of Practices that are found in the world, and particu- Holmwood challenged what may for be The session, in my view, reflects two larly to the knowledge of economic prac- convenience called false consciousness page 11 of sociologists who, even while working Andrew Sayer and Sylvia Walby for their comes to employment and unemploy- in the agenda of revolutionary change, kind helpfulness and for sharing their ment in South Africa? After all, it is only see only neoliberal economics and fail to papers which greatly helped me in writ- 14 years since the country emerged from notice the social in labor relations. ing this report. its colonial and apartheid heritage of What does all this have to do with the A Russian version of the report is intend- racial discrimination. And what about critique of practices that Andrew Sayer ed to be published in Ekonomicheskaya gender discrimination? so succinctly advocated in the beginning Sotsiologiya (Economic Sociology) in The sad reality is that racial and gender of the session? I think it is all about it. 2008. inequalities are still deeply embedded And this, in my opinion, is the second in the employment and unemployment important contribution of the session. Nikita A. Kharlamov, Researcher experiences of South Africans, but the For, as the social studies of science have Centre for Fundamental Sociology racial ones are far more pronounced. taught us, the practices of sociological Institute for Theoretical and Historical Although Whites constitute only 14% of knowledge are themselves social practic- Studies in the Humanities the labour force they occupy 80% of the es. And the vital challenge for economic State University – Higher School top and senior management positions. sociology is therefore to open its basic of Economics Males fill 67% of the posts and females assumptions and standpoints for criti- 20 Myasnitskaya Street only 13%. Black males constitute only cal reflection. Furthermore, this task will Moscow, Russia, 101000 8% of top and senior managers and Black naturally be a task of critique of practices [email protected] females a mere 2%. Whites also make up beyond science itself because knowledge 69% of the professionals and 43% of the that economic sociology produces is not skilled technicians. At the other end of innocent. Quite the contrary, it is often the labour market, the broad unemploy- cont’d from page 3: Work in South Africa the knowledge that escapes academia and ment level of Blacks is 48% with Black in South Africa raises another question: enters public debate, social, economic, females being worst off with a rate of why is it so high? Part of the answer is market practices as the knowledge of ac- 56%. In contrast to this, the broad unem- that there is a serious mismatch in the tors. Through the vehicles of both, to use ployment level of Whites is only 8%. supply of and demand for labour in Michael Burawoy’s notion and distinc- The post-apartheid government South Africa. There is a massive over- tion, ‘traditional public sociology’ – pop- has introduced measures to eliminate supply of low-skilled and under-educated ular books, education, mass media, and these racial and gender inequalities. people in the labour force and a severe ‘organic public sociology’ – participation The Employment Equity Act of 1998 shortage of highly skilled and well edu- and expertise, this knowledge enters the prohibits discrimination of any kind in cated people. On the one hand the short- social world and affects it. I should add employment and requires enterprises to age of skilled labour acts as a constraint that many tasks seemingly unrelated to implement affirmative action measures that stifles the growth of the economy public sociology – such as market re- to create equity in the workplace. Great and employment. On the other hand a search – also carry, in a transformed way, problems have been experienced in the large proportion of the low-skilled and some of its functions by virtue of their implementation of the Act. The private under-educated people are unemploy- using knowledge from and affiliation sector is perceived to be reluctant to able, especially in the growing sectors with sociological enterprise. Economic implement affirmative action because the of the economy. These sectors include sociology stepping on the path of critique proportion of Blacks and women in the services where computer and communi- has all this on its agenda. It is high time it top posts have remained relatively low. cation skills are required, skills that the followed it openly and enthusiastically. However, on closer inspection, the rate unemployed simply do not have. I wish to express my sincere gratitude of growth of Black males and females in To what extent are the scars of racial to Michael Burawoy, John Holmwood, top management has been very high – as discrimination still discernable when it The sad reality is that racial and gender inequalities are still deeply embedded in the employment and unemployment experiences of South Africans, but the racial ones are far more pronounced. page 12 high as 30% per annum – but the growth are many reasons. Research finds that started off such a small base that the im- the most common reason is that they pact of the growth has not yet been seen cannot obtain the necessary financial as significant. assistance to start up a venture, which is On the other hand, in the public sec- true. But in addition many do not have tor many state departments and local the managerial skills to run an enterprise governments (municipalities) have successfully. Furthermore, the townships implemented employment equity almost in which they reside are far from the overnight. But in doing so they appointed markets they require to sell their goods people without the requisite skills with and provide their services. They are also the result that services have deteriorated far from suppliers of the materials they drastically, especially at local government require and lack transport as well as the level. necessary social and business networks of risk are matters of institutional and The government subsequently in- to know how and where to acquire their regulatory change, related to the future troduced a more powerful measure to supplies. Although municipalities have role of the public sphere in securing pro- redress past injustices in South Africa, become far more amenable to informal tections, the balance between states, mar- namely the Broad-based Black Economic traders, the traders still face regulations kets, individuals and other possible ‘third Empowerment Act of 2003. The Act com- that impede and obstruct many of them sector’ actors in sharing the responsibility pels the state and public corporations to from trading in the business areas of the for economic risks and livelihood secu- implement Black economic empower- cities and towns. rity. Papers in these sessions provided ment (BEE) when determining licences, It could also be that many who claim the space to debate conceptualizations of concessions, procurement policies, the not to work are engaged in illegal activi- welfare and gender regimes in compara- sale of state-owned enterprises, and en- ties such as crime and drug dealing – in- tive capitalisms and gave renewed atten- tering into partnerships with the private formation that they would not share with tion to the ‘intersection’ of gender-based sector. census officials. inequalities and institutional aspects of A major problem that has been expe- The ILO (International Labour Or- gendered institutional and regulatory rienced with the implementation of the ganisation) is promoting decent work in change, especially in comparative per- Act thus far is that it has not been broad- Africa. Decent work is work that helps a spective. based. The perception is that the Act is person achieve a sense of self-fulfilment, In session 8 the contributions concen- fostering crony capitalism in South Africa take pride in their work, and contribute trated on welfare regimes. in that a small elite of Blacks close to the real value to society. It is clear that South Mari Osawa, University of Tokyo, ruling party benefits repeatedly from BEE Africa is still a long way from achieving presented the concept of a “livelihood measures. As a result some of them have the objective of decent work for all its security system”. This foregrounds insti- become multi-millionaires. working people. tutional linkages and the “articulation At the other extreme is the overwhelm- of government institutions and policies ing proportion of Blacks who have Johann Maree, with institutions including family, enter- not benefited much from the political Department of Sociology, prise, and not-for-profit organizations”. transformation of 1994. Most of them University of Cape Town. Drawing on a broad data base, she argued are effectively locked into the Black South Africa. that “the welfare state in the late 20th townships created before and during the [email protected] century has revealed social exclusion in a apartheid era as well as remote rural ar- broader sense, but particularly in coun- eas. The school education provided in the First ISA Forum tries with a male breadwinner model” townships and rural areas has remained Welfare and Gender gender regime where young people and shockingly bad while four to five out of Regimes in Comparative women are excluded inside and outside every ten of these adult workers remain the labour market. For Japan she stresses unemployed. Capitalisms and Varieties of Capitalist Gender Regimes the high relative poverty rates and a high level of income inequality compared to This brings us back to the question raised The call for papers for the session on other OECD countries. In analysing the at the start: why do many of these un- welfare and gender-regimes in compara- health insurance and the old age pension employed people not enter into informal tive capitalism evoked responses from schemes, she argues that the Japanese employment by starting up their own scholars worldwide so that two sessions social insurance schemes have not only enterprises even if they are only survival- were organized. been “hollowed out but have become a ist in nature such as street vendors? There In the early 21st century the promise of gender equality and the privatisation gigantic mechanism for exclusion”. With page 13

Her empirical findings show that even though technical qualifica- tions are still needed, social competences become increasingly relevant to enter and to remain in IT organizations her analysis she offers a new gen- der-sensitive conceptualization for Call for Book Proposals mapping inequalities in compara- tive welfare capitalisms. and Papers Laia Castelló Santa Maria, Uni- Comparative Sociology (www.brill.nl/coso) is a quarterly versitat Autònoma de Barcelona, international scholarly journal published by Brill of Leiden, explained the distinctiveness of Netherlands dedicated to advancing comparative sociological analyses of societies and cul- the less well known southern European tures, institutions and organizations, groups and collectivities, networks and interactions. welfare states. She highlighted the Span- In addition, book-length manuscripts may also be submitted to the related book series, ish case in her comparative analyses of International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology (www.brill.nl/issa). “processes influencing the organisation Two issues of the journal each year are devoted to “special topics,” and six topics currently of reproductive work” in four Mediterra- open for submissions (through July 2009) are: nean countries. After analysing the exter- • Democratic Quality and Social Democracy nalisation of the domestic and caretaking • Constitutional Courts Cross-Nationally work into the market she showed that • Institutional Design • Bourdieu on Professions this has not led to a professionalization • Public Realm Ascent v. Field Autonomy Ascent of care work. Thus the strength of the • Enlightened Localism (edited by Benjamin Gregg) familist imaginary becomes an element Consult the Website for descriptions of each. of resistance to the development of the Editor-in-Chief is David Sciulli, Professor of Sociology, Texas A&M University, and social family policy of the Mediterranean Columbia University Ph.D. in Political Science ([email protected]). Submissions are countries. welcome not only from sociologists but also political scientists, legal scholars, economists, Sally Bould and Gunther Schmaus, anthropologists and others. Indeed, the journal and book series are particularly keen to CEPS Luxembourg provided a detailed receive works of comparative political sociology and comparative legal sociology. All sub- analysis of the economic consequences missions are peer-reviewed and (initial) decisions are typically made within less than three of divorce. They presented results that months. give reason to rethink the relationship between welfare regimes, labour mar- kets and household dynamics as well as Analysing examples from different coun- even though technical qualifications are micro-and macro linkages. tries, she concluded that strong incen- still needed, social competences become Hadas Mandel, Tel-Aviv University, tives from the State can promote gender increasingly relevant to enter and to re- developed a wide range of indicators equality in a powerful way. main in IT organizations. “International concerning women’s economic activi- Sawako Shirahase, University of Tokyo, project work, visibility, and experience ties and uses them for her comparative discussed the impact of unmarried adults in and through projects as well as time, analysis of gender inequality in 14 OECD in Japan who continue to live with their place and subject flexibility” as well as en- countries. She argued that the “nature of parents on household inequalities. gaging in permanent training are crucial gender stratification varies across coun- The contributions of session 3 pre- for career advancement. She argued that tries in accordance with different modes sented research on comparative gender the “situation in the IT sector is favour- of welfare state intervention and diver- regimes in respect to labour markets, able to young, flexible women entering gent ideological approaches to gender education, and professions. the sector, yet that the shift “towards stratification”. The different patterns of Esther Ruiz Ben, Technische Uni- a mixed form of managerialism and state intervention in the conservative, versität Berlin, presented a theoretical professionalism” brings disadvantages liberal and social-democratic paths are framework for the analysis of the impacts for women with family responsibilities. embedded in “deeply rooted ideologi- of the internationalization of work in In the relocation of IT-services back to cal and cultural contexts” which means IT companies on professionalism and Germany she sees a chance for a more that solutions cannot be imported but gender. Her empirical findings show that family-friendly work organisation. have to adapt to these different contexts. page 14

Ilse Lenz, Universitaet Bochum, Ger- ment rates, they found, “that such gender contradictions particularly for conserva- many, provides “a first sketch of possible inequalities are also due to the fact that tive welfare states, which are premised connections between the varieties of the majority of highly educated women on the male-breadwinner model of the welfare states and education”. Based on live with an equally highly educated family and welfare state? her hypothesis on “how the welfare state partner”. The achievement or failure of How are particular configurations of influenced the transformation process dual-career arrangements is therefore a inequality related to different welfare from capabilisation as mother /wife ‘social-relational process’. They argue that states? in the national frame to qualification” the opportunities and constraints of dual The casualization of the labour market she explored the possible connections careers can only be understood by taking and the gendered nature of work restruc- between the varieties of welfare states and up a life-course perspective. For further turing were important topics, yet as Heidi education more in depth. Her assump- research they suggest to pay more atten- Gottfried stated, the gender dimensions tion is that “a systematic integration of tion to the couple as a unit of analysis of employment practices and institu- the dimensions of education – capabilsa- and the relation of both partner’s charac- tions as well as regulations were not in tion, qualification and civil competencies teristics. the focus of most presenters. Particularly, – into the varieties of welfare states might Three tabled papers could not be changing class structures and employ- lead to a differentiation of the typology”. discussed in the session due to time ment forms were not systematically taken Karen Shire, Universitaet Duisburg- constraints. Paola Cappellin provided a into account. Essen and Karin Gottschall, Universi- paper on “Crossing the border between What impact should the findings have taet Bremen argued that the “varieties Latin America (Brazil) and Europe (Italy on gender-specific policies (affirmative of capitalism literature takes a view of and Norway). Gender protection and action, equal employment)? Should they educational institutions and their role in promotion in workplace since the 1990s.” change from class-specific strategies generating occupational segmentation Gina Zabludovsky’s paper dealt with (training programs, minimum wage) in which provides an inadequate under- “Women managers in Mexico” and Chin- recognition that the latter alone will not standing of gender-based segmentation in the German economy”. This they find to be true “both in a retrospective the varieties of capitalism approach analysis of gender in the German indus- trial economy and for research about gender segmentation in the emerging offer some insights, but neglects knowledge-based economy”. They take “a broader perspective on educational gender relations embedded in the way institutional changes in Germany, in order to highlight the complexity of major institutions are organized, creating social inequalities in relation to the nexus between educational and labour market institutions”. Consequently, they argue blind spots in their political- for a “societal theory of employment re- lations, which moves beyond the explan- economic models atory role of micro-level firm choices by linking the role of the firm-as-actor to an fen Chang put the question: “Merits or uproot gender structures disadvantag- organizational and economic sociological Less Discrimination? - How Job Oppor- ing women and will not change gender perspective”. In analysing the dynamics tunities Affect Gender Gap of Earnings in norms and practices that have devalued of employment in the new knowledge- Taiwan.” women’s work? intensive fields of the German economy, The variety of papers provoked a great In which way do gender politics and they provide insights into gender-based deal of discusssion about the structur- policies have to take into account dif- differences in employment risks. ing influence of gender relations within ferent national contexts and different Alessandra Rusconi and Heike Solga, and across households, states, and firms. constellations of public and private Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Soz- They raised new research questions, as institutions? How does the interaction ialforschung presented their research highlighted by the commentators, Heidi of gender and class frustrate as well as on dual career couples. Looking at the Gottfried, Wayne State University and promote political mobilization? persisting inequality of career chances for Sylvia Walby, Lancaster University: Sylvia Walby raised the question of highly qualified women and men despite Do changes in gender relations and how and to what extent gender consti- the upward trend in female employ- family structure create new frictions and tutes a system, in reference to the “dual page 15 systems” analysis of varieties of capital- ism and varieties of gender regimes. In her comments Heidi Gottfried stated the importance of broadening the variety of capitalisms approach. It of- fers “some insights, but neglects gender relations embedded in the way major institutions are organized, creating blind spots in their political-economic models. Gendered power relationships in econ- omy and polity affect the distribution of duties, rights, and rewards.” Seeing the increasing class disparities among women made her call for more intersec- tional analysis to compare the absolute different field of enquiry. Andrew Jor- search was grounded in empirical results and relative progress and losses made by genson, North Carolina State University, of an international project he led whilst different groups of women and men. opened the session delivering a paper based at the University of Oxford. Castro The broad variety of topics in the ses- on to what extent having environmental also explained the role of social move- sions showed that there is a tremendous NGOs on the ground actually affects ments in terms of a “counter-hegemonic” amount of interesting research in the the negative environmental externalities force against the growing role of private field. Yet, it also showed that many ques- of Transnational Corporations. Using Transnational Corporations in this sec- tions remain to be answered. It became excellent quantitative techniques Andrew tor. Finally, Manu Ahedo presented a obvious that comparative approaches argued that indeed their presence mat- paper jointly written with Ignasi Brunet combining analyses of employment, tered, and helped to alleviate potential and Angel Belzunegui on the interac- social welfare and family formation on environmental degradation of big busi- tion of local society with Transnational the one hand, gender and class, varieties ness. Sergio González and Holm-Detlev Corporations in Tarragona, Spain. Ahedo of gender and capitalist regimes on the Köhler, University of Oviedo, then tack- analysed this interaction as asymmetric other, are at the forefront of analyses of led the question of what impact Transna- and examined what strategies local actors economic and social transformation and tional Corporations have upon organised use to increase the likelihood of gain- public discourses about a social economy. labour by examining changes in decision- ing mutually rewarding relations with making, collective bargaining and so Transnational Corporations. To return to Karen Shire forth. Köhler concluded with recommen- the provocative panel title, the conclusion Universität Duisburg-Essen dations for European trade unions and that could be derived from the panel is Germany stressed the need to reinvigorate Social that the effects of Transnational Corpora- Europe. Jeffry Kantor, University of Utah, tions are a complex mix of both positive Monika Goldmann explored the impact of Foreign Direct and negative, but that policy and the re- Dr. Monika Goldmann Investment on development from an sponse of society matter. With reflections Sozialforschungsstelle Dortmund (sfs) organizational perspective. He did this by on the impact of Transnational Corpora- ZWE der Universität Dortmund examining the role of foreign subsidiaries tions upon the environment, organised Germany in the economic growth of less devel- labour, economic development, water, [email protected] oped countries between 1970 and 2000. the most basic service for life, and finally Kantor concluded that the growth of local society, this panel provided a brief, First ISA Forum foreign subsidies has an overall positive but quite comprehensive, examination into the impact of Transnational Corpo- effect on economic growth in develop- Transnational Corporations: rations in the twenty-first century. Villains or Heroes ing countries, but that, at the same time, relatively high levels of foreign subsidiary of Globalisation concentration tend to inhibit the further Dra. Judith Clifton expansion of foreign subsidiaries. José Profesora Contratada Doctora The panel titled “Transnational Cor- Esteban Castro, University of Newcastle, Departamento de Economía porations: Villains or Heroes of Glo- then examined the role of private Trans- Universidad de Cantabria balisation?” chaired by Judith Clifton, national Corporations in water and sani- Santander E39005 University of Cantabria, was deliberately tation services at the international level, Spain loaded and provocative. Five papers were but particularly in Latin America. His re- [email protected] presented that posed this question in a page 16

First ISA Forum pro-labor public policies. Judith Clifton Responses to the Judith Clifton and Daniel Díaz-Fuentes, and Daniel Díaz-Fuentes showed how, Emerging Global Plutonomy University of Cantabria, Spain: Transna- despite their rhetoric of free-market tional Corporations and Networks Provid- fundamentalism, northern plutonomists ing Public Services support privitization and liberalization At the RC02 “Plutonomy” session in only in select environments, where they Barcelona we had a groups of scholars All of the panelists seemed to agree think it will support their own interests. from four continents speak about dif- with the basic premise of the session, that In addition to the panelists’ presenta- ferent aspects of and responses to the the world-economy increasingly serves tions, we also had a brief synopsis of emerging global plutonomy. In Fall 2005 the wealthy, wherever they are found. papers by Tom Hall and Pat Lauderdale, a team of Citigroup equity analysts in- Majeet Charurvedi suggested that in who were not able to attend in person. troduced the term “plutonomy” into the We concluded with a lively and wide- ranging discussion around the problems In Fall 2005 a team of Citigroup equity raised by the gross concentration of wealth into the hands of the super-rich in recent decades. The best answer to this analysts introduced the term problem seems to be to work to improve the operation of the world’s democracies. “plutonomy” into the English vocabulary, Democratic governments representing the wishes and well-being of their citi- zens should be able to create the condi- defining Plutonomies as “economies tions for a more equitable distribution of powered by the wealthy.” societies’ resources. Salvatore Babones University of Sydney India the greatest resistance to this trend Australia English vocabulary, defining Plutonomies comes from some of the most vulnerable, [email protected] as “economies powered by the wealthy.” small farmers who have been the victims In Citigroup’s analysis, “the earth is of the rise of local (but globalized) plu- being held up by the muscular arms of tonomists. Michael Nollert and its entrepreneur-plutocrats, like it, or Sebastian Schief showed how not,” and “the Plutonomy is here [and] in Switzer- is going to get stronger, its membership land, swelling from globalized enclaves in the on emerging world.” All of which prompts the sociologist to ask: are they right? Are there bases of resistance? And what are the appropriate public policy responses? Our panelists considering these ques- The Knowledge Economy tions were: Panel Chairs: Susan Durbin, Univer- sity of the West of England, UK and Manjeet Chaturvedi, Banaras Hindu Uni- Jennifer Tomlinson, University of the versity, India: Civil Resistance to Indian Leeds, UK other Plutonomy hand, The panel consisted society operates Michael Nollert and Sebastian Schief, of six papers (four presented through its political representatives University of Fribourg, Switzerland: and two tabled) that considered to harness the global plutonomy to Welfare by Two-Fold Plutonomy: The Case the knowledge-based economy as a underwrite the local welfare state. Robert of Switzerland developing and contested terrain. These Ross argued that across the world labor offered a critical perspective on a selec- can succeed in curtailing the worst effects Robert J.S. Ross, Clark University, USA, tion of topics covering the relationship of plutonomy by organizing, partnering [email protected]: How do Workers between education and the knowledge- with broader civil society, and seeking Achieve Inclusion? based economy, a review of the benefits page 17

Approach: Does your project have a particular theoretical orienta- Call for Papers: tion, and, if so, how will that fit into undergraduate level anthro- an Anthropology pology courses? Apparatus. Describe any components of the book planned to of Stuff augment the textual discussions (examples, exercises, objectives, The following is intended as a summaries, annotated bibliography, glossary, etc.). guide to help the preparation for a Specifications. If the project is not proposed for the Anthropology of proposal for a book for the Routledge Series For Creative Teaching Stuff series, what published book length do you anticipate? Hard- and Learning in Anthropology. cover or paperback? What type(s) and number of illustrations do The series is dedicated to innovative, unconventional ways to you anticipate? connect undergraduate students and their lived concerns about our Courses: What course or courses is the proposed book intended social world to the power of social science ideas and evidence. Our and how would it be used in that course (i.e. how would it fit into goal with the project is to help spark social science imaginations instructors’ course syllabi) and in doing so, new avenues for meaningful thought and action. Schedule. When do you expect to have your manuscript completed For example, one of the first efforts will be a series entitled “The in first draft form? Anthropology of Stuff,” 100 to 120 page monographs devoted to Supplements. What support materials should accompany the text tracing the biographies of commodities (e.g. X-Boxes, cut-flowers, (e.g. study guide, instructor’s manual, complementary web site, greeting cards, coffee, etc.) illuminating for students the network of etc.)? people and activities that create their material world. Author. What do you bring to the project that makes you uniquely Other projects or titles should use anthropology to help students qualified to undertake it? Please attach a current curriculum vitae. understand that they benefit from exposing their own lives and activities to the power of anthropological thought and analysis and that pose questions and problems that speak to the complexities of The proposal can be sent to either: modern life. Stephen D. Rutter About Your Project Publisher, Sociology and Social Science Purpose. What are the goals you have for your book as a teaching/ Routledge learning aid? In what ways will your approach connect students to 270 Madison Avenue their social world? Will the book be designed for lower or upper New York, NY 10016 level anthropology courses? (p) 212.216.7832 | (f) 212.643.1430 Coverage. What topics do you plan to include? What relevant issues Email: [email protected] or problems will the work pursue? If the book is proposed for the Anthropology of Stuff series, what Richard Robbins will be the focus of your book and how intrinsic is the “stuff” to SUNY Distinguished Teaching Professor student’s lives? Will you include a historical component? What Department of Anthropology aspects of the topic do you plan to address (e.g. production, labor, SUNY at Plattsburgh distribution, use, etc.)? Will there be any cross-cultural coverage; Plattsburgh, NY 12901 that is how the problem is addressed or pertains to other cultures Email: [email protected] or how object or activity that is the focus of your work used or [email protected] pursued in other cultures? of knowledge clusters and the consider- paper making the distinction between control and the nurturing of relation- ation of the knowledge-creation process high knowledge workers (such as doctors ships, leading to the conclusion that care and networking within specific occupa- and lawyers) and knowledge technolo- workers are knowledge workers. tional groups, across different economic gists (such as computer technicians and The second paper, Communication and and cultural boundaries. software designers). These distinctions Knowledge in Six Western European Indus- The first paper, Quality of Care and were applied to the case of care work- trial Clusters, presented by Lucio Biggiero Professional Knowledge of Care Work- ers, who were identified as relatively of L’Aquila University, Italy, engaged ers, presented by Makiko Nishikawa low status workers in Japan. The scope with the knowledge-based economy at from Hosei University, Japan, examined of care workers’ knowledge was defined a European level, picking up the theme the knowledge and skills of care work- as narrow and idiosyncractic but at the of tacit knowledge, defining this as both ers in Japan, based upon a survey of same time, it was also argued that these simple and complex, as well as codifiable 130 homecare service establishments in care workers demonstrated a high level and non-codifiable. The basic assump- Tokyo. These care workers were identified of knowledge in the context of relation tion was that if industrial clusters have as learning and accumulating knowledge management, in terms of awareness of a strong core in terms of knowledge and through apprenticeship relationships, the client feelings, communication, emotion practices in which competitive advantage page 18 rests, they are able to resist the pres- economy leads to higher income inequal- Between Post-compulsory Education, the sures of globalisation and digitalisation. ities between people with and without Knowledge Economy and Value Relations Companies that assign the highest value post-secondary education. It was argued in Late Capitalism (Peter Kennedy, Glas- to knowledge are those that are most that the knowledge sector differs from gow Caledonina University) and Applied digitalised, operating in technologically the remaining economy in that it has the Knowledge Economy and Global Integra- complex clusters, within a greater geo- highest qualification structure but also tion: online education in Isalmic countries graphical proximity. It was argued that the most unbalance one. Polarisation in a (Manjeet Chaturvedi, Ishita Chatuverdi relatively low importance is paid to ‘local knowledge-based economy was therefore and Ishan Chatuverdi, Banaras Hindu University, India; Robert Kennedy College Zurich and Indian Institute of The ‘knowledge economy’ remains Technology, India) both continued the debate on education raised by Daniela an emergent and contested concept, Rohrbach’s earlier paper. The first paper utilised Marx’s value theory of labour and whilst there is an emerging consensus around to understand the relationship between an expanding post-compulsory educa- its existence, there is also evidence for tion system and the development of the knowledge-based economy, arguing that the knowledge-based economy does not the reproduction of old and new in- represent a qualitative break with indus- trial capitalism and that the economic equalities which transcend cultural boundaries. function of education remains crucial. The second paper took a different per- knowledge’ (e.g. experts hired from the evident. spective, focusing upon online education host labour market, knowledge derived The fourth paper, Female Part-time provided by European and USA univer- from interactions with clients and sup- Managers in the Knowledge-based Econo- sities to Islamic countries around the pliers) but that importance increases for my: networks and career mobility, pre- world, this practically shaping the world larger firms that are most digitised and sented by Jennifer Tomlinson, University view of students with a hope of collabo- most technologically complex. of Leeds, UK and joint-authored with ration between civilisations. The third paper, Knowledge Econo- Susan Durbin, University of the West The panellists offered their thoughts mies and Stratification: education and of England, UK, analysed networks as a on the extent to which the knowledge- income in the transition process, presented key component of the knowledge-based based economy presents new opportuni- by Daniela Rohrbach, Federal Institute economy. It questioned whether net- ties in terms of the quality of working life for Vocational Education and Training, working facilitated or held back careers and the consequences of this for certain Bonn, was based on a survey of 19 OECD for 16 female part-time managers, a hard groups in different societies. A general countries, drawing upon data from na- to reach and under-researched group of consensus arose from these papers, which tional accounts and databases on edu- workers in the UK. The paper explored highlighted both old and new inequalities cational attainment of nation states and female part-time managers’ promotional in a knowledge-based economy, echoing individual level data. The consequences prospects and mobility and explored Castell’s perspective on the emergence of of the transition of a knowledge-based the ways in which networking helped or ‘winners’ and ‘losers’. The role of educa- economy for stratification were discussed hindered these womens’ career prospects. tion within this polarisation process was and the question posed, are the rewards The paper concluded that the majority also evident. The ‘knowledge economy’ for education rising with the emergence of female part-time managers had varied remains an emergent and contested of the knowledge-based economy? The and successful career histories whilst full- concept, and whilst there is an emerging paper acknowledged that there had been time but that this stalled once the tran- consensus around its existence, there is an observable trend towards a knowl- sition to part-time working was made. also evidence for the reproduction of old edge-based society since the 1970s and at Whilst networking had made an impor- and new inequalities which transcend the same time, raised the question as to tant contribution to career progression cultural boundaries. the benefits of such a transition. It was into a managerial role for most women, concluded that the average income return the transition to part-time working now Susan Durbin to education declines with the transition meant that networking was a more time University of the West of England, UK to a knowledge-based economy, especial- constrained activity. [email protected] ly for men, and that the knowledge-based The two tabled papers, The Links page 19

Members’ Recent Research Call for Book Castilla, Emilio J. 2008. “Gender, Race, and Meritocracy in Organizational Proposals and Papers Careers.” American Journal of Sociology. 113(6): 1479-526. Comparative Sociology (www.brill.nl/coso) is a quarterly international scholarly journal published by Brill of Leiden, Netherlands Abstract: This study helps to fill a sig- dedicated to advancing comparative sociological analyses of societies and cultures, nificant gap in the literature on organi- institutions and organizations, groups and collectivities, networks and interac- zations and inequality by investigating tions. In addition, book-length manuscripts may also be submitted to the related the central role of merit-based reward book series, International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology (www.brill. systems in shaping gender and racial nl/issa). disparities in wages and promotions. The author develops and tests a set of propo- Two issues of the journal each year are devoted to “special topics,” and six topics sitions isolating processes of perfor- currently open for submissions (through July 2009) are: mance-reward bias, whereby women and • Democratic Quality and Social Democracy minorities receive less compensation • Constitutional Courts Cross-Nationally than white men with equal scores on • Institutional Design performance evaluations. Using person- • Bourdieu on Professions nel data from a large service organiza- • Public Realm Ascent v. Field Autonomy Ascent tion, the author empirically establishes • Enlightened Localism (edited by Benjamin Gregg) the existence of this bias and shows Consult the Website for descriptions of each. that gender, race, and nationality differ- ences continue to affect salary growth Editor-in-Chief is David Sciulli, Professor of Sociology, Texas A&M University, after performance ratings are taken into and Columbia University Ph.D. in Political Science ([email protected]). Sub- account, ceteris paribus. This finding missions are welcome not only from sociologists but also political scientists, legal demonstrates a critical challenge faced by scholars, economists, anthropologists and others. Indeed, the journal and book the many contemporary employers who series are particularly keen to receive works of comparative political sociology and adopt merit-based practices and policies. comparative legal sociology. All submissions are peer-reviewed and (initial) deci- Although these policies are often adopted sions are typically made within less than three months. in the hope of motivating employees and ensuring meritocracy, policies with limited transparency and accountability Asia to develop a general indigenous model, including social systems of decision mak- can actually increase ascriptive bias and ing, economic distribution, land tenure systems, and community relations. We present reduce equity in the workplace. two such models, one on indigenous revitalization and another on the resistance to state domination and the forces of globalization, especially in respect to neoliberalism, and then we make an applied analysis toward indigenous peoples’ struggles globally. Fenelon, James V. and Thomas D. Hall. 2008. “Revitalization and Indigenous Resistance to Globalization and Neo- Garibaldo, Francesco, Philippe Morvannou and Jochen Tholen (eds). 2008. Is China liberalism.” American Behavioral Scientist a Risk or an Opportunity for Europe? An Assesment of the Automobile, Steel and Ship- 51:12(Aug):1867-1901. building Sectors, Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. ISBN 978-3-631-57474-4

Abstract: This article reviews discussions Abstract: China’s industrial growth has been the unexpected event of the beginning and case studies of indigenous peoples, of the 21st Century owing to its impact on the entire global economy. The aimof this especially American Indians (Lakota, book is to arrive at a common understanding of China’s economic future and its con- Navajo, and Wampanoag), the Zapatista sequences for Europe based on the situation in three metal sectors chosen as examples, movement, Latin American examples namely steel, shipbuilding and automotive sectors. That assessment can then serve as a (Mapuche, Guarani, and Miskito), the basis for describing and evaluating the importance of the factors enabling Chinese in- Adevasi in India, and the Maori, adding dustry to be globally competitive. Finally, this research will endeavour to pinpoint the short sketches of Kurds in the Middle relevant issues and establish ways of internationally regulating the growth of China’s East, Pashtun in Pakistan and Afghani- metal industries, making them compatible with international standards regarding stan, and cases from Africa and southeast sustainable development and social responsibility. page 20

Abstract: Since Homo erectus left Africa Abstract: In this review essay we seek to Hall, Thomas D. and James V. Fenelon. over a million years ago, to the constant call the attention to several recent books 2008. “Indigenous Movements and Glo- transfer of people between contempo- that depict and apply recent, sometimes balization: What is Different? What is the rary states, migration has been a key radical, changes in evolutionary think- Same?” Globalizations 5:1(March):1-11. human response to environmental, ing among biologists, and provide some social, political, and economic changes. ‘teases’ about how they might be used in Abstract: Too often indigenous move- Using world- systems analysis initially the social sciences. Some of these include: ments are lumped in with [anti-]global- defined by Wallerstein and others to Lamarck was not entirely wrong; Mendel ization, globalization protest movements, explain the rise of modern capitalism, was not entirely correct; we can make or the ‘new social movements’. While in we adopt a macro-view that sees human sound arguments for group selection in some respects this categorization fits, in societies as interacting entities with a number of conditions; “junk DNA” is, other, more important respects it does constant contacts that engender cultural of course, not junk, but plays important not. Indigenous peoples have been resist- transformations across great geographic roles in a number of genetic and epige- ing globalization and globalization-like distances. We argue that such a systemic netic processes; and evolution is not just forces for centuries in the western hemi- approach clearly indicates that global- for biologists. sphere, and for millennia in Africa and ization is not a new phenomenon, but Eurasia. While the forms of resistance rather an extension of old processes. We Lee, Kristen Schultz and Hiroshi Ono. have changed significantly over time, a discuss several general mechanisms that 2008. “Specialization and Happiness in key difference for indigenous movements characterize migration within a systemic Marriage: A U.S.-Japan Comparison.” is that they typically are not interested context. First, migration creates ripple Social Science Research 37(4): 1216-1234. in reforming the system. Rather, they effects which are felt over great distances are interested in autonomy and preserv- as successive groups move and impinge Abstract: This paper examines the ing their own political–cultural space to on the territory of their neighbors; the relationship between specialization and remain different. In this sense they are potential effects can stretch across con- happiness in marriage in the U.S. and often deeper challenges to neoliberal- tinents. Second, migration patterns tend Japan. Our findings, based on the Gen- ism than other movements. This paper to be cyclical. Population movements eral Social Surveys in the U.S. and Japan, explores and elaborates on these dif- relieve stress on local resources, and it indicate both similarities and differences ferences and their significance for our takes time to build to another critical in the determinants of marital happi- understanding of globalization and the threshold. Third, since the creation of ness in the two countries. In the U.S., the reactions to it. the state at about 3500 B.C., boundar- findings are mixed. Women’s reported ies, frontiers, and ethnic character have marital happiness in the U.S. is more become critical identifiers. Contempo- likely to follow the predictions of the Herkenrath, Mark (Ed.). 2007. Civil Soci- rary states grapple with the process of bargaining model where their happi- ety Local and Regional Responses to Global ethnogenesis (creation of ethnic iden- ness is determined by their own income. Challenges. Transaction Publishers. ISBN tity) and its consequences for defining Men’s marital happiness in the U.S. 978-3-8258-0533-3 citizenship, with its attendant rights and follows the predictions of the special- obligations. Vast increases in transpor- ization model; they are happier if their Herkenrath, Mark (Ed. for the World tation efficiency have heightened the wives are not working or, alternatively, if Society Foundation). 2007. The Regional fluidity of boundaries and complicated they are financially dependent on their and Local Shaping of World Society. Trans- the processes of ethnic identification. A wives. In Japan, we find support for the action Publishers. ISBN 978-3-8258- world-systems perspective facilitates a specialization model, particularly in the 0534-0 comprehensive view of past and current case of women; they are happier if they migration, and thus places modern is- are specialized in the household and they sues in a historical context. have a higher household income. Our Kardulias, P. Nick and Thomas D. Hall. research highlights how marital quality is 2007. “A World-Systems View of Human affected by the institutional context and Migration Past and Present: Providing La Lone, Darrell and Thomas D. Hall. the normative environment. a General Model for Understanding the 2008. “The Revolution in Evolution: Keywords: Gender; Family; Marital hap- Movement of People.” Forum on Public Evolution for Everyone: A Review Es- piness; Specialization; Bargaining Policy, on-line: http://www.forumonpub- say.” Evolution and Sociology Newsletter licpolicy.com/archivesum07/kardulias. 5:1(Spring): 8 –11. pdf page 21

agers’ behavior. This is because mandates fore argues that paradigmatic revision Ono, Hiroshi and Madeline Zavodny. are not principal-agent contracts but are of the methodological assumptions of 2008. “Immigrants, English Ability, and primarily marketing exercises and cul- mainstream economics, particularly the Information Technology Use.” Social tural tools. Social investing in the United tenets of methodological individualism, Forces 86(4): 1455-1480. States is weak because it relies solely on are necessary to capturing and model- mandates to communicate clients’ ethical ing accurately the welfare implications of Abstract: This study examines the extent desires to their fund managers. Islamic information technology innovation and and causes of inequalities in information and Ethical finance in Malaysia is strong design and adoption processes in society. technology ownership and use between because Islamic social movements have natives and immigrants in the United reformed the Malaysian stock market’s Thosen, Ludwig. 2007. “Schiffbau in Eu- States, with particular focus on the role structure. Specifically, a uniform in- ropa in globaler Konkurrenz - Struktur, of English ability. The results indicate terpretation of Islamic investing was Beschäftigung und Perspektiven.” OBS- that, during the period 1997-2003, im- institutionalized with the creation of a Arbeitsheft 51, Frankfurt am Main. migrants were significantly less likely to nearly-unique quasi-governmental body. have access to or use a computer and the As a consequence, Islamic principles Internet. Moreover, the gap in IT usage systematically influence the behavior of Vite Pérez, Miguel Ángel. “The Oaxaca widened during that period. Immigrants corporations listed in Malaysia, at present Social Movement: the Limits of Mexi- and natives who live in Spanish-speaking narrowly, but with the potential for wider can Electoral Democracy.” Unpublished households are less likely than individuals influence in future. The paper closes with manuscript. For a copy, please contact living in English-speaking households to implications for social investment in the the author: [email protected]. have access to or use IT. Estimates using a United States. measure of predicted English ability show Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/ab- Abstract: This article reflects about the that English ability is positively associ- stract=1156346 relationship between the post-policy era ated with IT access and use. The results Available at MPRA: http://mpra.ub.uni- and Mexican social protest, and what suggest that much of the immigrant- muenchen.de/9477/ has become a governmental strategy to native gap in IT usage is attributable to neutralize those who seek to universalize differences in English ability. their particular demands. This is illus- Ruggles, Myles Alexander. 2005. Auto- trated in general with what happened to mating Interaction: Formal and Infor- the Oaxaca social movement. Further- Pitluck, Aaron Z. 2008. “Moral Behav- mal Knowledge in the Digital Network more, it is argued that the strategy of ior in Stock Markets: Islamic Finance Economy. Cresskill, N.J: Hampton Com- Mexican post-policy has transformed an and Socially Responsible Investment.” munication Series, Hampton Press. electoral democracy into a space of dis- Pp. 233-55 in Economics and Morality: pute for the privileges of a plural political Anthropological Approaches, Society for Abstract: The role of knowledge and elite. (Translated by Emeshe Juhász- Economic Anthropology (SEA) Mono- information in economic life has gradu- Mininberg) graphs, edited by K. E. Browne and B. L. ally emerged as a central question in Key words: Post-policy, criminalization, Milgram. Lanham: AltaMira Press, Row- economic theory, and the way economists partisan alternation, social movement man & Littlefield Publishers. now think about this question contrib- utes to shaping our understanding of the Abstract: This paper addresses the puzzle interaction of information technologies Wherry, Frederick F. 2008. “The Social of why the inclusion of non-financial so- and sociocultural institutions. Characterizations of Price: The Fool, the cial justice or religious criteria by profes- This volume traces the history of knowl- Faithful, the Frivolous, and the Frugal,” sional fund managers has been so popu- edge, information, and cognate categories Sociological Theory 26(4): 363-79. lar in Malaysia and yet has had to date as variables in economic thought, from relatively little influence in the United their first appearance in early classical Abstract: This essay extends both States stock market. Drawing from economics, to their role in contemporary Viviana Zelizer’s discussion of the social over 125 ethnographic interviews with investigations in economic psychology. It meaning of money and Charles Smith’s financial workers in Malaysia, this paper suggests that assumptions and arguments proposal that pricing is a definitional argues that moral investment behavior current in the mainstream of economic practice to the under-theorized realm in stock markets is shaped primarily by thought in fact work to obscure some of of the social meanings generated in the ‘market structure’ rather than by ‘man- the most significant effects of changing pricing system. Individuals are attrib- dates.’ In both countries mandates are a information technologies on patterns uted with calculating or not calculating weak form of social control of fund man- of human economic action. It there- whether an object or service is “worth” page 22 its price, but these attributions dif- nist era. You may reach her at tania@sclg. lication is 2009. You may reach him at fer according to the individual’s social uni-sofia.bg. [email protected] location as being near to or far from a societal reference point rather than by the inherent qualities of the object or service , Professor, Depart- Steffen Roth is a Research Associ- B. B. Mohanty purchased. Prices offer seemingly objec- ment of Sociology, Pondicherry Uni- ate, Head of the Research Focus “In- tive (quantitative) proof of the individu- versity, Pondicherry 605 014 (India). “I novation, Markets and Network Soci- al’s “logic of appropriateness”—in other have been working on areas interfacing ety” at the Berne University of Applied words, people like that pay prices such as history, sociology/ anthropology and Sciences, Switzerland. He is also a PhD those. This essay sketches a preliminary economics for about last one and a half student at the Université de Genève, but nonexhaustive typology of the social decades. My areas of interest are: Agrar- Switzerland with a thesis project titled characterizations of individuals within ian Studies; Sociology of Development; “The Markets of Society” (Mentor: Prof. the pricing system; these ideal types— and Economic Sociology. I have under- Dr. Sandro Cattacin, Co-Mentor: Prof. the fool, the faithful, the frugal, and the taken a few research projects and pub- Dr. Dirk Baecker, Zeppelin Universität frivolous—and their components offer lished papers on these areas. Recently Friedrichshafen, Germany). His educa- a systematic approach to understanding I have published two pieces (a) ‘We are tion and former assignments include: prices as embedded in and constituents Like the Living Dead’: Farmer Suicides Diploma in Sociology at the Chemnitz of social meaning systems. in Western India (The Journal of Peas- University of Technology, Diploma ant Studies, Vol. 32, No.2 , 2005) and b) Thesis on “Destruction of Networks as a Imperial Solution of a Colonial Problem: Special Case of Network Management”, Bhils of Khandesh (Modern Asian Stud- Research Assistant at the Chair for Or- ies, Vol. 41, No.2, 2007). Currently I am ganizational Sociology at the University working on Poverty Alleviation in Tribal of Trier, Germany, and at the Chair for India. I teach Sociology of Develop- Innovation Research at the Chemnitz ment, Economic Sociology, and Agrarian University of Technology. He has taught Studies to M.A and pre-Ph. D students.” Qualitative Methods of Organizational You may reach him at bibhutimohanty@ Research, Consultancy Trainings, Social hotmail.com Software, General Sociology, Globaliza- tion & Regionalization (Classics, Criti- cal Theory, Bourdieuconomics, Social Systems Theory). You may reach him at Hiroshi Ono (Ph.D. Chicago) is [email protected] currently Assistant Professor of sociology at Texas A&M University. Prior to his current position, he was on the faculty Johann Maree, Professor of Soci- at the Stockholm School of Economics ology, University of Cape Town, South where he was awarded the title of Docent Africa. (or second Ph.D.) in Economics. His Research and teaching interests include research integrates sociology and micro- strategies for job creation; industrial economics to study the causes and con- Member Spotlights strategies and industrial restructuring; sequences of inequality with particular Dr. Tanya Chavdarova is an skills development in terms of both edu- focus on labor market inequality. He is associate professor at the Department cation and training; employment rela- interested in studying the organizational of Sociology, University of Sofia “St. tions with a focus on trade unions and conditions that motivate employee com- Kliment Ohridski”, where she teaches: collective bargaining; and work organisa- mitment, performance and trust, and the Economic Sociology (BA in sociology), tion and worker participation. Although extent to which education and training Labor Markets and Informal Employ- some of these interests are researched enhances earnings and mobility. His pa- ment and Cross-cultural management and taught globally, many of them are pers have appeared in the American So- (MA level). She is a director of a MA focused on South Africa in particular, ciological Review, Economics of Educa- Program on “Labor Markets and Human sometimes Southern or Sub-Saharan tion Review, Social Forces, Social Science Resources Development”. Her research Africa. Maree is presently co-authoring Quarterly, Social Science Research and interests are concentrated on the infor- a book on collective bargaining in South Sociological Perspectives, among others. mal economy and the social construction Africa and co-editing a book on decent You may reach him at [email protected] of entrepreneurship in the post-commu- work in Africa. Their likely date of pub- page 23

Readings on the anthropology For those interested in Finance & Devel- Street. In: G. Gmelch and W.P. Senner of financial markets opment, see Eldis on Financial Policy: (Eds.), Urban Life. Prospect Heights, Ill.: The Society for Economic Anthropol- http://www.eldis.org/go/topics/resource- Waveland Press. ogy recently had a lively discussion on guides/finance-policy their listserv discussing anthropologi- Abolafia, M. Y. (1996). Making markets: cal perspectives on the global financial Aaron Pitluck Opportunism and restraint on Wall Street. crisis. The conversation was initiated by Illinois State University, USA Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Andres Gramajo, who also concluded [email protected] Press. the conversation by assembling a list of texts mentioned in the exchange. As Abolafia, M. Y. Financial Markets. In: Jens Abolafia, M. (1998). Markets as Cul- you may note, several sociologists and Beckert and Milan Zafiroski (Eds.), Inter- tures: An Ethnographic Approach. In: M. economists entered the discussion. Given national Encyclopedia of Economic Sociol- Callon (Ed.), The Laws of the Markets. the increasing interest in issues related to ogy. London: Routledge, forthcoming. Oxford: Blackwell. finance, I included Andres’ list without amendments. Abolafia, M. Y. Making Sense of Re- Abolafia, M. Y. & Martin Kilduff. (1988). Sociologists interested in finance may cession: Policy Making at the Federal Enacting Market Crisis: The Social Con- be interested in examining three websites Reserve. In: Victor Nee and Richard struction of a Speculative Bubble. Admin- that maintain bibliographies, calls for Swedberg (Eds.), The Economic Sociol- istrative Science Quarterly, 33(2): 177193. papers, conferences, and other informa- ogy of Capitalism. Princeton: Princeton tion regarding sociological perspectives University Press. Abolafia, M. Y. (1984). Structured Anar- of finance: chy: Formal Organization in the Com- Social Studies of Finance (UK): http:// Abolafia, M. Y. (2004). Framing Moves: modity Futures Markets. In: Peter Adler www.sociology.ed.ac.uk/finance/ Interpretive Politics at the Federal Re- and Patricia Adler (Eds.), Social Dynam- serve. Journal of Public Administration ics of Financial Markets, pp. 129-150. Social Studies of Finance Association Research and Theory, 14(3): 349-370. Greenwich, CT.: JAI Press. (France): http://ssfa.free.fr/ Abolafia, M. Y. (2001). Fieldwork on Wall Baker, W. E. (1984). The Social Structure Socializing Finance Blog: of a National Securities Market. American http://socfinance.word- Journal of Sociology, 89(4): 775-811. press.com/ page 24

Callon, M. (2007). What does it mean to say that economics is performative? Do Call for Papers economists make markets? In: Mack- enzie, D., Muniesa, F., and Siu L. (Eds.), The Economics of Religion: On the performativity of economics, pp. Anthropological Appraisals 311-357. Princeton, Princeton Univer- sity Press. (a volume in the Research in Economic Anthropology series) Callon, M., & Muniesa, F. (2005). Eco- nomic Markets as Calculative Collective Research in Economic Anthropology (REA), published by Emerald Press, is a peer-re- Devices. Organization Studies, 26(8): viewed book series dedicated to the anthropological – including archaeological – investi- 1229-1250. gation of economy and society. It has been in publication since 1978. REA was previously Crotty James (2003), The Neoliberal Par- edited by George Dalton, Barry Isaac, Norbert Dannhaeuser and Cynthia Werner. adox: The Impact of Destructive Prod- uct Market Competition and Impatient Anthropological papers addressing the economics of religion in religious beliefs, behav- Finance on Nonfinancial Corporations in iour, practices, organisations, or institutional dynamics are being sought for Volume 30 of the Neoliberal Era. PERI Research Brief, REA. UMass, Amherst. The editors aim at expanding anthropological theories beyond the classical relationships Fisher, Melissa. (2006). Navigating Wall between economy and religion to embrace new perspectives on religious behaviour from Street Women’s Gendered Networks in an economics point-of-view, and at appraising the relevance of the economics of religion. the New Economy. In: Melissa Fisher and Greg Downey (Eds.), Frontiers of Capi- Therefore, preferred topics include: tal: Ethnographic Reflections on the New Economic Theories of Religion including * Market Theory * Rational Choice Theory * Economy, pp. 209-236. Durham: Duke Game Theory * Religious Consumerism * Symbolic Economy * Religious Ritual Economy University Press.

Garsten, Christina & Lindh Montoya Also welcome, however, are more classical topics such as: (Eds.) (2004). Market Matters: Exploring Religious Economies & The Influence of Economics on * Beliefs * Practices * Rituals Cultural Processes in the Global Market * Organisations * Diffusions Place. Palgrave Macmillan.

Gudeman, Stephen. (2008). Economy’s Deadline: March 2, 2009 Tension: The Dialectics of Community and Any previously unpublished manuscript that is economic, anthropological, and religious- Markets. Oxford, UK,: Berghahn Books. oriented may be considered, but papers that (1) utilize original data obtained through em- pirical ethnographic research methods, and (2) in some way engage the general economic Guyer, Jane. (2009 forthcoming). The anthropology literature, will be especially welcome. The editors will seek an overall balance Craving for Intelligibility: Speech and for the volume in geographical and topical focus. Silence on the Economy under Structural Adjustment and Military Rule in Nigeria. Ideally, papers should not exceed 10,000 words (excluding notes and references). They In: Steven Gudeman (Ed.) Economic Per- should also be double-spaced, and all tables, figures, photographs, or other images must suasions. Oxford: Berghan Books. With be of publishable quality and clear for publication regarding copyright laws. Authors need LaRay Denzer. to include an abstract of about 100 words. Notes are to be arranged as endnotes, preceding references. Electronic submissions are preferred. Please use MS Word. Guyer, Jane. (2009 forthcoming). Com- posites, fictions and risk: towards an ethnography of price. In: Chris Hann and Either UK spelling or USA spelling will be acceptable. Keith Hart (Eds.), Market and Society: The Great Transformation Today. New Contact Donald C. Wood, REA series editor ([email protected]) or Lionel Oba- York: Cambridge University Press. dia, volume co-editor ([email protected]) for more information or to submit a manuscript. Guyer, Jane. (2008). Cash Economies. page 25

Paper for the conference on Rethinking Knorr Cetina, K. & U. Bruegger. (2002). and Accounting Knowledge in Islamic Economic Anthropology, A Human-Cen- Global microstructures: The virtual Banking and Finance: Rethinking Critical tered Approach. London. societies of financial markets.American Accounts. Journal of the Royal Anthropo- Journal of Sociology, 107(4): 905-950. logical Institute, 8(4): 68-96. Guyer, Jane. (2008). The Eruption of Tradition? On Ordinary and Calculation. Knorr Cetina, K. (2003). From Pipes to Maurer, Bill. (2002). Repressed Futures: Paper for the conference on Numbers Scopes: The Flow Architecture of Finan- Financial Derivatives’ Theological Un- as Inventive Frontier, Johns Hopkins cial Markets. Distinktion, 7(Special Issue conscious. Economy and Society, 31(1): University. on Economic Sociology): 7-23. 15-36

Guyer, Jane. (2007). Prophecy and the Knorr Cetina, K. & U. Bruegger. (2002). Maurer, Bill. (2001). Islands in the Net: Near Future: Thoughts on Macroeco- Traders’ engagement with markets: A Re-writing Technological and Financial nomic, Evangelical and Punctuated Time. postsocial relationship. Theory Culture & circuits in the ‘Offshore’ Caribbean. Com- American Ethnologist, 34(3): 409-421. Society, 19(5-6): 161-+. parative Studies in Society and History, And Further: a rejoinder. American Eth- 43(3): 467-501. nologist, 34(3): 447-450. Krippner, G. (2005). The financialization of the American economy. Socio-Econom- Maurer, Bill. (2001). Engineering an Guyer, Jane. (2004). Marginal Gains: ic Review, 3: 173-208. Islamic Future: Speculations on Islamic Monetary Transactions in Atlantic Africa. Financial Alternatives. Anthropology To- Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press. day, 17(1): 8-11.

Guyer, Jane. (2002). Money Struggles and Miyazaki, Hirokazu. (2005). The Ma- City Life (co-editor with LaRay Denzer teriality of Finance Theory. In: Daniel and Adigun Agbaje). London: Heine- Miller (Ed.), Materiality. Durham: Duke mann. University Press.

Guyer, Jane. (1995). Money Matters. Miyazaki, Hirokazu. (2003). The Tempo- Instability, Values and Social Payments in ralities of the Market. American Anthro- the Modern History of West African Com- pologist, 105(2): 255-265. munities. London: Heinemann. Muniesa, F., Millo, F., & Callon, M. [Several of Prof. Guyer’s papers are avail- (2007). An introduction to market able in her website http://anthropology. devices. In: Callon, M., MIllo, Y., and jhu.edu/Jane_Guyer/CultureMonetarism ] Muniesa, F. (Eds.), Market Devices, 1-12. Oxford: Blackwell. Hertz, E. (1998). The Trading Crowd. An Ethnography of the Shanghai Stock Mar- Muniesa, F., & Callon, M. (2007). Eco- ket. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univer- nomic experiments and the construc- sity Press. tion of markets: Do economists make markets? In: Mackenzie, D., Muniesa, F., Ho, Karen. (2005). Situating Global and Siu, L. (Eds.), On the performativ- Capitalisms: A View from Wall Street ity of economics, pp. 163-189. Princeton: Investment Banks. Cultural Anthropology, Princeton University Press. 20(1): 68-96. Niederhoffer , Victor. (1998). The Educa- Kindleberger, Charles. (1978). Manias, tion of a Speculator. New York, NY.: Wiley. Panics, and Crashes. New York, NY.: An autobiography of a trader and his Wiley. Maurer, Bill. (2003). Uncanny Exchanges: eventual downfall. Very similar to the The Possibilities and Failures of ‘Mak- current chaos in the credit markets. Knorr Cetina, K. & A. Preda (Eds.). ing Change’ with Alternative Monetary (2004). The Sociology of Financial Mar- Forms. Society and Space, 21: 317-340. Preda, A. (2006). Socio-Technical Agency kets. Oxford: Oxford University Press. in Financial Markets: The Case of the Maurer, Bill. (2002). Anthropological Stock Ticker. Social Studies of Science, 36(5): 753-82. page 26

In: Manuel Castells (Ed.), The Network regular sessions, plus an opening session Riles, Annalise. Collateral Knowledge: Le- Society: A Cross-cultural Perspective, pp. in which ambassador Samuel Pinheiro gal Reason in the Global Financial Markets 197-213. Northampton, MA: Edward Guimarães, External Relations Secretary- (forthcoming). Elgar. General of the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, discussed the multi-polar Schwager, Jack. (1994). The New Market Zaloom, Caitlin. (2003). Ambiguous world and South-American integration, Wizards: Conversations with America’s Top Numbers: Trading Technologies and with a focus on the new opportunities Traders. Collins Business. Interpretation in Financial Markets. In: that are open to Brazilian entrepreneurs. This book could be of value from the Manuel Castells (Ed.) American Ethnolo- Within the Opening Session, Professors perspective of reading--in an interview gist, 30(2): 258-272. A revised version Eli Diniz (UFRJ) and Renato Boschi (IU- format--responses on the art of specula- reprinted in Frontiers of Capital, Melissa PERJ) were acknowledged for their con- tion. Fisher and Greg Downey (Eds.). Dur- tribution to the study of business elites ham: Duke University Press (2006). in Brazil. Working together in research Shaikh Anwar (1978), An Introduction to projects, articles and books since the the History of Crisis Theories. US Capi- Short films on financial markets 1970s, Diniz and Boschi are outstanding talism in Crisis, U.R.P.E. New York. [ http://www.crisisinthecreditsystem.org. representatives of a generation of schol- uk/ ] ars who broke with the analytical models Shiller, Robert. (2005). Irrational Exuber- which attributed a minor role to the ance. Princeton University Press. business elites in the political economy of the industrialization process, recog- Smart, Alan and James Lee. (2003). Fi- nizing that it was a relevant actor in the nancialization and the role of real estate in Hong Kong’s regime of accumulation. The contributions revealed the Economic Geography, 79(2): 153-171.

Taleb, Nassim Nicholas. (2004). Fooled by importance given by Brazilian social scientists Randomness: The Hidden Role of Chance in Life and in the Markets. Texere. to the understanding of the rapid Zaloom, Caitlin. (2006). Markets and Machines: Work in the Technological and deep changes taking place Sensoryscapes of Finance. American Quarterly, 58(3): 815-837. in this new century. Zaloom, Caitlin. (2006). Out of the Pits: Trading and Technology from Chicago to London. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chi- VI WORKSHOP ENTERPRISES, country’s economic history of the 20th cago Press. ENTREPRENEURS AND SOCIETY century, even if not a hegemonic one. State and Market in the The workshop’s main theme was State Zaloom, Caitlin. (2005). The Discipline Postmarket Reforms: Brazil and market after the reforms. The contri- of Speculators. In: Aihwa Ong and Ste- and the International Order butions revealed the importance given by phen Collier (Eds.), Global Assemblages: Brazilian social scientists to the under- Technology, Politics, and Ethics as An- Ana Maria Kirschner (UFF) standing of the rapid and deep changes thropological Problems, pp. 253-269. New Cristiano Fonseca Monteiro (UFF) taking place in the country in this begin- York: Blackwell. ning of a new century. It is important to The 6th Workshop Enterprises, entre- highlight that the previous workshops Zaloom, Caitlin. (2004). The Productive preneurs and society was held at Flumin- were centered on the “discovery” of Life of Risk. Cultural Anthropology, 19(3): ense Federal University in the city of enterprises as social actors, in a context 365-391. Niterói-RJ, on April 7-9, 2008, with the of retreat of the State, and increasing participation of more than 50 research- expectations towards the private sector. Zaloom, Caitlin. (2004). Time, Space, ers from Brazil, France and other coun- Such expectations unfolded into different and Technology in Financial Networks. tries. The event was comprised of twelve subjects and, in 2008, we would like to page 27 I’ll discuss the social world of enterprise and the relationship between business, politics and development. discuss basically two: the social world of ed at the workshop, but three sessions ness), discussing the role of institutions enterprise and the relationship between have more directly discussed the political in the recent catch-up of the sector in business, politics and development. dimension of such changes. Brazil, and the constitution of the market The first subject was discussed in four The session on “‘Theory and prac- for functional food. Finally, two paral- sessions. In the first one, Enterprises and tice’ about the question of development” lel sessions discussing State, market and the challenges of the new century, two presented papers about the return of the society in the post-reforms context, con- representatives of the French school of State as a central actor in the promotion vened representatives of the most recent the Sociologie de l´Entreprise were pres- of development, the dialogue between generation of researchers dedicated to the ent. They proposed a typology of the the different versions of neo-institution- event’s general theme. The participants social world of the enterprises in the 21st alism, and its application in the analysis discussed such topics as business and century, while questioning whether the of the contemporary capitalism in Latin political action, and the links between actors within this social world are able America, especially in Brazil. A session the public sector and private interests, to manage their professional trajectories. was dedicated to the topic Business and by means of empirical analyses that shed Two sessions were dedicated to Corporate new arenas of political action, in which light on new actors and innovative forms Social Responsibility (Internal and exter- the participants discussed new strate- of action that have emerged in recent nal dimensions of CSR and CSR and its gies of action, and their influence on the years. contentions), which contributions covered public agenda, highlighting the interac- As a concluding remark, we would like such aspects as environmental responsi- tion between public and private spheres to mention the increasing degree of inter- bility, third sector, solidary economy and by means of lobbies, and their influence nationalization of the Workshop. Its 6th critical assessments of CRS. on the design of specific public policies. edition was supported by the Association In the session The internationaliza- Finally, in the session named Power and Internationale des Sociologues de Langue tion of enterprises in today’s world, one regulation in the services sector: finances Française and the Research Committee of the participants discussed the case of and telecommunications, the discussion on Sociology of Organization RC17 of the Algerian enterprises, predominantly covered topics such as transparency and the International Sociological Associa- state-owned, in an economy which has accountability in the relationship be- tion. In addition, the forum continues to strong socialist characteristics. In such a tween government and private agents in incorporate contributions from different context, resistance to privatization comes the financial sector, and an evaluation of regions of Brazil, as well as new, young up in different manners, while the media the privatization process in the telecom researchers. identifies those enterprises as corrupt or sector. inefficient. Other participants discussed Four sessions were in the frontier of For more information, the inter- both local and international insertion of the two subjects cited above, discussing ested reader may go to www.fee.rs.gov. different industries, such as mining and matters involving institutional set- br/6workshop wine. tings, development, and entrepreneurial The second main subject, the rela- strategies. The session Business, develop- Cristiano Monteiro. tionship between business, politics, and ment and new public/private institutional Department of Administration development, evidences a rupture as we settings brought together Brazilian and School of Human and Social Sciences of move into the 21st century. Because of foreign researchers discussing such topics Volta Redonda the disappointing results of the national as territorial pacts, innovation and pro- Fluminense Federal University - Rio de trajectories that lined up with the Wash- fessional education, while the session The Janeiro, Brazil. ington Consensus in Latin America and sectorial dynamics of industry and its local [email protected] East Europe, and, on the other hand, and international insertion privileged spe- the vigorous economic performance of cific industries (agricultural machinery national economies that pursued alterna- and automobile) and the relationship be- tive paths to neoliberalism, politics and tween localities and the global economy. institutional diversity have been “brought One of the sessions was dedicated to back in”. Such a rupture has certainly in- Agribusiness (Business and the new fron- fluenced the whole set of papers present- tiers of the economy: the case of Agribusi- page 28

Officers

President: Board: Sylvia Walby Salvatore Babones Lancaster University, UK University of Sydney, Australia [email protected] [email protected]

William Carroll Vice Presidents: University of Victoria, Canada Sabine Gensior [email protected] Bradenburg Technical University- Cotbus, Germany Michelle Hsieh [email protected] Academia Sinica, Taiwan [email protected] Alexius Pereira National University of Singapore Andrew Jorgenson [email protected] Washington State University, USA Treasurer: [email protected] Andrew Sayer Eun Mee Kim Lancaster University, UK Ehwa Womens University, Korea [email protected] [email protected] Executive Secretary and Newsletter Darlene Miller Secretary and Rhodes University, South Africa Newsletter Editor: [email protected] Aaron Pitluck Illinois State University, USA Georgina Murray [email protected] Griffith University, Australia [email protected]

Cristina Puga UNAM, Mexico [email protected]