Introduction 1. There Are a Number of Texts That Sought to Give Closer
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Notes Introduction 1. There are a number of texts that sought to give closer consideration to the contemporary dynamics of Caribbean society while also calling attention to its global interconnection: Hopeton Dunn, ed., Globalization, Communications and Caribbean Identity (London: Macmillan, 1995); Humphrey Regis, ed., Culture and Mass Communications in the Caribbean (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2001). 2. Throughout this book, the term 2000s in the phrases “early 2000s,” “mid-2000s,” and “late 2000s” will refer to the first decade of the twenty- first century, analogous to “2010s” or “2020s,” not to “1900s.” While “mid-2000s” could reasonably refer to the years around 2050 and “late 2000s” to years after 2070, because this book is being published in 2007 and I refer to these time periods using past tense, the reader should not be confused. Chapter 1 1. Robert J. Samuelson, “Debunking the Digital Divide,” Newsweek, March 1, 2002, 25. 2. Ricardo Gomez, “The Internet Why and What For,” Fundación Acceso or Access Foundation, February-March 2001, http://www.acceso.or.cr/PPPP/ conectividad/index_en.shtml (accessed March 16, 2006). 3. Lester Henry, “Digital Divide, Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction,” Journal of Eastern Caribbean Studies 29, no. 1 (March 2004): 1–22. 4. Alan Aycock, “Technologies of the Self: Foucault and Internet Discourse,” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 1, no. 2 (1995), http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol1/issue2/aycock.html (accessed March 16, 2006). 5. Aston Cooke, “Caribbean Cultural Identity on the Internet,” The House of YAD, July 2002, http://www.dwightday.com/yardculture0702.html (accessed March 16, 2006). 6. Morris Rosenthal, “What Amazon Sales Ranks Mean,” Foner Books, 2007, http://www.fonerbooks.com/surfing.htm (accessed April 20, 2007). 224 Notes 7. Danny Sullivan, ed. “How Search Engines Work,” Search Engine Watch, October 2002, http://searchenginewatch.com/webmasters/article.php/ 2168031 (accessed March 16, 2006). 8. Online writing lab at Purdue University, “Evaluating Internet Sources,” n.d., http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_evalsource4.html. Also see the British Council’s article on the “Rise of the Internet,” Electronic Magazine, 17, 2001, http://www.britishcouncil.org/eteg/eemag/ iss17/webrec.htm (both accessed March 16, 2006). 9. Caribbean Single Market and Economy. Chapter 2 1. Louis James, ed., The Islands in Between (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1968); Kenneth Ramchand, The West Indian Novel and Its Background (London: Faber and Faber, 1970). 2. Dr. Dirk Sinnewe, “The Derek Walcott Site,” Dirk’s Home Page, n.d., http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/Exhibit/6107/ (accessed April 20, 2006). 3. Any major search engine will provide reference sites for well-known writ- ers, and even lesser-known writers. 4. At Northwest Passages’s site, it is hard to ignore the presence of the Canadian maple leaf. “Austin Clarke, Book Profile,” Fiction, n.d., http://www.nwpassages.com/profile_book.asp?ISBN=0771021305 (accessed April 25, 2007). 5. In April 2007, Caryl Phillips’s site gave a full listing of his major readings for the year, ending on Nov. 3 at University of Dundee. “2007 Scheduled Appearances,” http://carylphillips.com/content.php?page=readings&n= 3&f=2 (accessed April 25, 2007). 6. Philip W. Scher, Carnival and the Formation of a Caribbean Transnation (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2003); Curdella Forbes, From Nation to Diaspora: Samuel Selvon, George Lamming, and the Cultural Performance of Gender (Kingston: UWI Press, 2005). 7. Colin Channer, “Question and Answer,” Passing Through, Interviewer unknown, n.d., http://colinchanner.com/books/passing_through/index .html (accessed March 16, 2006). 8. British Broadcasting System. 9. Pin-chia Feng and Kate Liu, “Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea,” World Literature in English, Fu Jen University, n.d., http://www.eng.fju.edu .tw/worldlit/caribbean/rhys.htm (accessed April 25, 2007). 10. Tiffany Cohill, “About Zee Edgell,” The Compendium of Electronic Resources, English Scholar, n.d., http://englishscholar.com (accessed April 25, 2007). 11. See for instance, at TomFolio.com, “The Antilles. Fragments of Epic Memory,” n.d.; the following link records a sample of the Nobel Speech, Notes 225 but really offers a pathway to sale: http://www.tomfolio.com/ SearchAuthorTitle.asp?Aut=Derek_Walcott (accessed April 30, 2007). 12. This page, titled “Merle Collins,” has links to “Gallery, News and Events, Contact... ” modified April 25. http://:geocities.com/merlecollins (accessed April 25, 2007). 13. Merle Collins reading at University of Maryland, “Digital Dialogue,” April 11, 2007, http://www.mith2.umd.edu/hughes/quicktime/mcollins .html (accessed April 25, 2007). 14. Research Channel, a consortium of research universities and corporate research divisions features Collins on video stream. “Merle Collins Talks about her Work” Feb. 2002, http://www.researchchannel.org (accessed March 16, 2006). 15. “Welcome to 57 Productions,” “Artists, Events... Links,” 57produc- tions.com (accessed April 25, 2007). 16. See Ingrid Kerhoff, “Dub Poetry,” Bremen’s site map Dub Poetry, April 2002, http://www.fb10.uni-bremen.de/anglistik/kerkhoff/DubPoetry/ index.html (accessed April 25, 2007). 17. Benjamin Zephaniah, “A Poet Called Benjamin Zephaniah,” “words, Rhymin... Frienz,” n.d., http://benjaminzephaniah.com (accessed April 25, 2007). 18. Mervyn Morris, “Biography,” Mutabaruka, n.d., http://www .Mutabaruka.com (accessed April 25, 2007). 19. Adisasaf.com was spare in its material when accessed September 2005. By 2007, he had changed his name fully to Aja, and his Web site reflected a much richer presentation in terms of his poetry, music, and humanitarian work. “Aja Poet Musician Humanitarian,” n.d., http://www .ajapoet.com (accessed April 25, 2007). 20. “About Brother Resistance,” n.d., http://brotherresistance.com/biography .htm (accessed April 25, 2007). 21. 3canal.com could only be accessed with a user name and password back in 2004 (accessed January 15, 2004). 22. Macmillan Caribbean, “Welcome to Macmillan Caribbean,” n.d., http://www.macmillan-caribbean.com/ (accessed April 25, 2007). 23. Jeremy Poynting, “The Best in Caribbean Writing,” n.d., http://www .peepaltreepress.com (accessed April 25, 2007). 24. Faber and Faber, http://www.faber.co.uk/ (originally accessed March 12, 2005). It was still near impossible to identify their Caribbean affiliation on their Web site by April 25, 2007. 25. Taylor and Francis, “Annual Report,” 2004, http://www.taylorand francisgroup.com/pdf/reports/TF_annual_03_FINAL.pdf (accessed April 25, 2007). 26. A reviewer’s opinion concerning The Post Colonial Studies Reader. “Jargon-Ridden and Boring,” 20th Century History Books, n.d., http://20th-century-history-books.com/0415096227.html?readReview= true#readReview (accessed April 25, 2007). 226 Notes 27. “Caribbean Integration Studies,” Ian Randle Publishers, n.d., http:// www.ianrandlepublishers.com/carint.html (accessed April 25, 2007). 28. University of the West Indies Press’s “Caribbean Cultural Studies” is an area in which the University itself has invested substantial energies, http://www.uwipress.com/cgilocal/shop.pl/SID=1177549711.63910/ page=culturalstudies.html (accessed April 25, 2007). 29. University of Miami, “Caribbean Writers Summer Institute Digital Archives,” n.d., http://scholar.library.miami.edu/cls/speakersDisplay.php (accessed March 16, 2006). 30. See Skidmore College’s, University Without Walls, “UWW Advantage,” n.d., http://www.skidmore.edu/administration/uww/prospects/distance _ed_advantage.htm (accessed April 25, 2007). 31. Stanford University, “Copyright and Fair Use,” Learning and Academic Information Resources Document, Chapter 9, n.d., http://fairuse.stanford .edu/Copyright_and_Fair_Use_Overview/chapter9/index.html (accessed April 25, 2007). 32. Coshe.com site offers access to “Essay and Term Paper Database,” “Features,” n.d., http://www.Coshe.com (accessed April 25, 2007). 33. See Arthur Kroker, The Will to Technology and the Culture of Nihilism: Heidegger, Nietzsche and Marx (Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press, 2003). Seen at Digital Futures Series, n.d., http://www.ctheory.net/will/codes .html (accessed April 25, 2007). 34. Maurice A Lee, “Introduction,” Journal of Caribbean Literatures, n.d., http://www.jcls.net/intro.html (accessed April 25, 2007). 35. See “Journal Details, Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies,” n.d., Taylor & Francis, http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/boards/rlac-edbrd.asp (accessed April 25, 2007). 36. See The Caribbean Writer, updated March 28, 2007, http://www.the caribbeanwriter.org/about.html (accessed April 28, 2007). 37. Routledge’s “Journal Details, Postcolonial Studies” Taylor & Francis, n.d., http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/13688790.asp (accessed April 25, 2007). 38. Deborah Wyrick and Jonathan Beasley, “Editors’ Introduction,” Jouvert 1, no.1 (1997), http://social.chass.ncsu.edu/jouvert/v1i1/int11.htm (accessed April 25, 2007). 39. University of Miami, See the editorial comments to the online free access journal Anthurium 1, no. 1 (Fall 2003), http://scholar.library.miami .edu/anthurium/volume_1/issue_1/editorsnote.htm (accessed April 25, 2007). Chapter 3 1. See the chapter on gospel in Curwen Best, Culture @ the Cutting Edge: Tracking Caribbean Popular Music (Kingston: UWI Press, 2005), 54–90. Notes 227 2. See “Company History,” Integrity Music, n.d., http://www.integritymusic .com/company/company.php?target=history/body.html (accessed April 25, 2007). 3. See further, fuller discussion