DOCUMENT RESUME ED 391 750 SO 025 935 AUTHOR Grobman, Alex . TITLE Those Who Dared: Rescuers and Rescued. A Teaching Guide for Secondary Schools. INSTITUTION Martyrs Memorial and Museum of the Holocaust of the Jewish Federation, Los Angeles, CA. PUB DATE 95 NOTE 67p.; For a viewer's guide to Schindler's list, see SO 025 756 and a teaching guide to Anne Frank, see SO 025 758. This publication was made possible through the Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Foundation. AVAILABLE FROMMartyrs Memorial and Museum of the Holocaust of the Jewish Federation, 6505 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048-4906 ($4.50). PUB TYPE . Guides Classroom Use Teaching Guides (For Teacher) (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Adolescent Literature; *Anti Semitism; Attitudes; Bias; *Ethnic Bias; Ethnic Discrimination; History Instruction; Interdisciplinary Approach; *Jews; *Judaism; *Nazism; Reading Materials; Secondary Education; Social Bias; Social Studies; Values; World History; World War II IDENTIFIERS *Holocaust ABSTRACT This guide helps secondary students to understand the role of the rescuers of the Jews during the Holocaust. The rescuers included atheists, government bureaucrats, 4erman soldiers, antisemites, devout Christians, and even German collaborators. The focus is on how people, both good and bad, react in times of stress and of thr moral choices all people may have to face in their lives. The essays include: (1) "Using This Guide: A Word to Teachers about Classroom Approaches to Teaching about the Rescuers" (Allan H. Scholl); (2) "Who Are the 'Righteous among the Nations'?" (Joel S. Fishman); (3) "The Significance of Yad Vashem's 'Righteous' Program" (honoring non-Jews who risked their lives to save Jews) (Mordecai Paldiel);(4) "The Process of Commemorating Deeds of Heroism" (Alex Grobman); (5) "The Impact of the Holocaust upona Christian" (Harry James Cargas and Joel Fishman);(6) "'Righteous among the Nations': A Tool for Teaching Moral Development" (Efraim Zuroff);(7) "Sempo Sugihara, Who Dared To Save Lives" (Mordecai Paldiel); (8) "Keeping the Rescuers in Historical Perspective" (Alex Grobman); and (9) "New Insights on Holocaust Survivors and Their Helpers" (Dienke Hondius). Contains a selected bibliography. 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THOSE WHO DARED: RESCUERS AND RESCUED A TEACHING GUIDE FOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS by Alex Grobman, Ph.D. Director, Martyrs Memorial and Museum of the Holocaust *NEM MARTYRS MEMORIAL AND MUSEUM OF THE HOLOCAUST of The Jewish Federation This publication is made possible through the Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Foundation Copyright CD 1995 MARTYRS MEMORIAL AND MUSEUM OF THE HOLOCAUST of The Jewish Federation 6505Wilshire Boulevard . Los Angeles, CA90048-4906 All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission. The following authors have generously given permission for use of material in this guide from their copyrighted works: Harry Cargas, Ph.D. Joel S. Fishman, Ph.D. Alex Grobman, Ph.D. Drs. Dienke Hondius Mordecai Paldiel, Ph.D. Allan H. Scholl, Ph.D. Efraim Zuroff Front and hack cover photos courtesy International Committee to Commemorate Dr. Mendes, Yad Vashem and Simon Wiesenthal Center, Los Angeles, CA. THOSE WHO DARED: RESCUERS AND RESCUED CONTENTS Page Using This Guide: A Word to Teachers About Classroom Approaches to Teaching About the Rescuers 1 Who Are the "Righteous Among the Nations?" 7 The Significance of Yad Vashem's "Righteous" Program 15 The Process of Commemorating Deeds of Heroism 19 The Impact of the Holocaust Upon a Christian 33 Righteous Among the Nations: A Tool for Teaching Moral Development 37 Sempo Sugihara, Who Dared to Save Lives 43 Numbers of "Righteous Among the Nations" 48 Keeping the Rescuers in Historical Perspective 49 New Insights on Holocaust Survivors and Their Helpers 51 Selected Bibliography 57 Acknowledgements and Ordering Information 64 1.1M11111111111111111.111.111THOSE NHO DARED: RESCUERS AND RESCUED USING THIS GUIDE: A WORDTO TEACHERS ABOUT CLASSROOM APPROACHES TOTEACHING ABOUTTHE RESCUERS by Allan H. Scholl, Ph.D. Chair, Education Committee A Li rtyrs A temorial and Museum of the Holocaust Introduction This teaching guide for secondary schoolsis about historymore specifically, about people who helped people during the Holocaust. Itk also about how people, both good and bad, react in times of stress and about the moral choices we all may have to face sometime inour lives. It is also about the importance of ethics and values and what thatmeans for those who teach young people today. As noted in the article by Efraim Zuroff, a central issue in studying the rescuers is that by comparing and contrasting the actions of both the "Righteous" and theperpetrators during the Holocaust we can begin to understanda great deal about the nature of human behavior. Ultimately, the choices we make can provecritical in determining \the outcome of an his- torical event. The lesson for students is, asZuroff also points out, "that... every individual living in Europe at that time (during the Holocaust) had freedom of action and could choosebetween good, apathy and evil, but the Holocaust ultimately took place because the number ofperpetrators by far surpassed the number of Righteous Among the Nations. And thatis why tragedies happen and continue to happen to this day." For the student, this guide helps illuminate thestory of the Holocaust, providing access to complex historical eventsby suidying the lives of individuals suchas the Japanese diplomat Sempo Sugihara who acted to help people in time of crisis. For teachers, the guide offersdirection in assisting students to understand the connections between personal responsibility andindividual action and between good and evil. It also demonstrates tor students why critical thinking skillsare important to the study of history. USING THIS GUIDE Moral and ethical questions about why people do what they do in times of terrible events are matters of concern to a!! those who teach history-social science to youngpeople. Understand- ing h,w and why such a dissimilar group of people atheists, government bureaucrats, German soldiers, antisemites, devout Christians, and even German collaboratoiscould become rescuers of Jews during the Hol,ar.-aust goes deeply to the heart of the whole range of human ethical values; a platform of values which is one of the foundations of the disciplineof history and, indeed, of the full range of the social sciences and humanities. Most history-social science curriculum frameworks stress the importance of applying ethi- cal understanding to our daily decisions. Every grade level offers the history teacher ample oppor- tunity to encourage students to reflect on the importance of individual responsibility and of the ethical implications of their decisions. Reading and using this guide offers reinforcement by assist- ing teachers in demonstrating these understandings to their students. The Purpose of This Guide This teaching guide provides comprehensive instructional guidance for secondary teachers who wish to teach about the causes of the Holocaust. The guide provides background and informa- tion about individuals known as the "Righteous Among the Nations", those who helped rescue individual Jews from the fate that ultimately engulfed millions of Jews in state-supported genocide during World War II. Included are stories of how individuals reacted to the Holocaust and how they acted to help rescue Jews. There are stories about well-known figures such as the Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg and the German f3usinessman Oskar Schindler, but also stories of lesser-known figures such as the Japanese diploma Sempo Sugihara and the Swiss police official Paul Grtninger. There is material on the historical background to the Holocaust and on the "Righteous Among the Na- tions," and also informatior about the process by which rescuer's deeds of heroism have been com- memorated. The guide can be used to enrich courses in world, multicultural, and American history, Advanced Placement European History, Advanced Placement American History, psychology, soci- ology, humanities, and language arts. How This Guide is Organized This publication focuses on the rescuers of Jews and the rescued during the Holocaust. It consists of a group of articles, each written by a specialist in the subject. The articles are: Who are the "Righteous Among the Nations?" The Significance of Yad Vashem's "Righteous" Program THOSE WHO DARED: RESCUERS AND RESCUED The Process of Commemorating Deeds of Heroism The Impact of the Holocaust Upon a Christian Righteous Among the Nations: A Tool for Teaching Moral Development Sempo Sugihara, Who Dared