DOCSLIB.ORG

Odd Sound Processing in the Sleeping Brain

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Odd Sound Processing in the Sleeping Brain Odd Sound Processing in the Sleeping Brain Perrine Ruby, Anne Caclin, Sabrina Boulet, Claude Delpuech, and Dominique Morlet Downloaded from http://mitprc.silverchair.com/jocn/article-pdf/20/2/296/1760419/jocn.2008.20023.pdf by guest on 18 May 2021 Abstract & How does the sleeping brain process external stimuli, and in found in response to deviant tones, revealing for the first time particular, up to which extent does the sleeping brain detect and preserved sensory memory processing during almost the whole process modifications in its sensory environment? In order to night. Surprisingly, during Sleep Stage 2 and paradoxical sleep, address this issue, we investigated brain reactivity to simple both P3a-like and P3b-like components were identified after the auditory stimulations during sleep in young healthy subjects. MMN, whereas a P3a alone followed the MMN in wakefulness Electroencephalogram signal was acquired continuously during and in Sleep Stage 1. This totally new result suggests elaborated a whole night of sleep while a classical oddball paradigm with processing of external stimulation during sleep. We propose duration deviance was applied. In all sleep stages, except Sleep that the P3b-like response could be associated to an active Stage 4, a mismatch negativity (MMN) was unquestionably processing of the deviant tone in the dream’s consciousness. & INTRODUCTION cess which can be investigated in humans using electro- Although it was thought for a long time that the sleeping physiology. It was often investigated in the auditory brain is disconnected from the external world, many modality using an oddball paradigm in which trains of studies in the end of the last century have revealed that repetitive identical sounds (standards) are occasionally it is not the case. As an example, it was found in the late interspersed with slightly different sounds (deviants). 1980s that, during sleep, the brain produces stimulus- The potential evoked by the rare sound was shown to be related activity in the primary auditory cortex in response more negative than the one evoked by the frequent to simple sounds (Deiber, Ibanez, Bastuji, Fischer, & sound so that difference between the two was labeled Mauguie`re, 1989). Nowadays, the sleeping brain is less mismatch negativity (MMN) (Na¨a¨ta¨nen, Gaillard, & and less considered as a passive and isolated resting Mantysalo, 1978). This negative wave appears at fronto- organ but more and more as an active processor (gener- central electrodes around 150 msec and is considered ating dreams), with a modified functional organization to be an electrophysiological correlate of a comparison (e.g., with visual information processing flow going mechanism indicating a mismatch between a stored from associative to primary visual areas; Maquet et al., representation in sensory memory and an incoming 2004; Braun et al., 1998), and still interacting with the auditory event (Na¨a¨ta¨nen, 1985). The MMN can there- external world (e.g., processing auditory stimulations up fore be used to probe auditory sensory memory repre- to their semantic dimension; Bastuji, Perrin, & Garcia- sentations (Ritter, Deacon, Gomes, Javitt, & Vaughan, Larrea, 2002; Perrin, Bastuji, & Garcia-Larrea, 2002; 1995). Perrin, Garcia-Larrea, Mauguie`re, & Bastuji, 1999). But MMN was described to be an automatic wave, which to what extent is the sleeping brain responsive to the can be elicited even though the subject is not attending environment? Which sensory and cognitive processes are to the irregularities eliciting it (Woldorff, Hackley, & maintained? Hillyard, 1991; Giard, Perrin, Pernier, & Bouchet, Given the elaborated processing of external stimuli 1990). It seems to be associated with triggering the during sleep evidenced by the results of Bastuji et al. orienting response (for a recent review, see Kujala, (2002) and Perrin et al. (1999, 2002), one would expect Tervaniemi, & Schro¨ger, 2007). Actually, according to that basic mechanisms such as sensory memory are also the extent of stimulus change and to the task involved, preserved during sleep. These memory traces may in- the MMN can sometimes be followed by other event- deed be considered as a prerequisite for further and related potential (ERP) components such as P300 waves. more complex processing, as discussed by Na¨a¨ta¨nen and When subjects are involved in a distracting task and do Winkler (1999). Sensory memory is a short-lasting pro- not pay attention to the tones, the MMN tends not to be followed by any P300 components. However, in these unattended conditions, a P3a component (the early and INSERM, U821; Institut Fe´de´ratif des Neurosciences; and fronto-central component of the P300) or a N2b–P3a Universite´ Lyon 1, Lyon, France complex happens to be detected when the extent of D 2008 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 20:2, pp. 296–311 Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/jocn.2008.20023 by guest on 25 September 2021 deviance is large enough to trigger a switch of attention results in these studies (subjects were awakened repeat- (Escera, Alho, Winkler, & Na¨a¨ta¨nen, 1998). In active edly in Sabri et al., 2003; Sabri, De Lugt, & Campbell, 2000, paradigms, when the deviant tones are to be drawn to in order to investigate sleep onset; subjects were awak- the subject’s attention, a task-relevant target P3b (the ened as soon as they entered in Sleep Stage 3 in Nittono late and parietal component of the P300) is obtained et al., 2001, in order to investigate Sleep Stage 2; Sallinen (Squires, Squires, & Hillyard, 1975a). A P3b can even et al., 1996 focused on the comparison between phasic arise in passive paradigms if the extent of deviance is and tonic PS). very large (Polich, 1989; Na¨a¨ta¨nen, Simpson, & Loveless, Given the lack of convincing data regarding the 1982). possibility to obtain an MMN during sleep with classical In an attempt to investigate sensory memory during oddball paradigms (with ISI typically around 600 msec), Downloaded from http://mitprc.silverchair.com/jocn/article-pdf/20/2/296/1760419/jocn.2008.20023.pdf by guest on 18 May 2021 sleep, several studies have used oddball paradigms in Sabri and Campbell (2005) and Sabri et al. (2003) sleeping healthy subjects. They resulted in divergent hypothesized that, during non-rapid eye movement conclusions as revealed by the review of the literature sleep, MMN generators remain active but a rapid mem- presented in Table 1, so that the issue of a preserved ory decay prevents the brain to detect the deviance. In ability of the sleeping brain to evoke an MMN in order to test this hypothesis, they used a faster rate of response to a deviant tone is still under debate. Some stimuli presentation (i.e., every 150 msec; Sabri et al., authors concluded to the absence of MMN in all sleep 2003). With this noncanonical paradigm they managed to stages tested (Sleep Stages 1 to 4 in Paavilainen et al., evidence significant DRN in response to large frequency 1987), whereas, more recently, Sabri, Labelle, Gosselin, deviants, in all sleep stages (Sabri & Campbell, 2005). and Campbell (2003) detected a deviant-related negativ- However, the authors stated that the DRN probably ity (DRN) in each of these stages. However, because reflects a contribution of both the N1 and MMN intra- they used a rapid rate of stimulus presentation, it is cranial sources (Sabri & Campbell, 2005) so that their quite difficult to conclude whether this DRN is a mere study did not fully solve the issue of the possibility to N1 enhancement effect, a genuine MMN, or a combina- detect a ‘‘true’’ MMN during sleep. Hence, we cannot say tion of the two. During paradoxical sleep (PS; also called today, based on the results in the literature, whether an rapid eye movement [REM] sleep) several authors MMN can be elicited during each stage of natural sleep. (Atienza & Cantero, 2001; Atienza, Cantero, & Gomez, One direction to ensure reliable results may be found 1997, 2000; Nashida et al., 2000; Loewy, Campbell, & in the use of a robust procedure in ecological condi- Bastien, 1996), although not all of them (Loewy, Campbell, tions. To the best of our knowledge, only one study de Lugt, Elton, & Kok, 2000; Sallinen, Kaartinen, & (Nashida et al., 2000) looked for MMN in all sleep stages, Lyytinen, 1996), found an MMN. This absence of clear however, their results (no significant detection of MMN positive results, suggesting a loss or an attenuation of in Sleep Stages 2, 3, and 4) were issued from only 4 hr of sensory memory function during sleep, is quite puzzling EEG recordings. In addition, most of the studies, which given that an MMN can be detected in some comatose looked for an MMN during sleep, used frequency devi- patients. In this context, the positive detection of this ants. Tervaniemi et al. (1999), however, showed that wave was further shown to be a very efficient predictive among frequency, intensity, and duration, the deviance factor of awakening and recovery, even in deeply coma- in duration elicited the MMN with the most replicable tose patients (Fischer, Luaute´, Adeleine, & Morlet, 2004; amplitude and latency. Duration deviance protocols also Fischer et al., 1999). These results, demonstrating the have a number of advantages with regard to potential possibility of a spared auditory sensory memory in a path- confounds of the MMN. The traditional deviant-minus- ological altered state of consciousness, lead to predict standard ERP can indeed be contaminated by a number that such ability should also be preserved in a physio- of other negativities overlapping the MMN. Most partic- logical altered state of consciousness such as sleep. ularly, differences in the evoked sensory responses To explain the apparent inconsistency between the (such as the N1) for the standard and deviant tones results reported in Table 1, many reasons could be might artificially enhance measures of the MMN.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Neurophysiologic correlates to sensory and cognitive processing in altered states of consciousness Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3gv8j4jk Author Cahn, Baruch Rael Publication Date 2007 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California i UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Neurophysiologic Correlates to Sensory and Cognitive Processing in Altered States of Consciousness A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Neurosciences by Baruch Rael Cahn Committee in charge: Mark Geyer, Chair John Polich, Co-Chair Steve Hillyard Martin Paulus Jaime Pineda Vilayanur Ramachandran Franz Vollenweider 2007 ii Copyright Baruch Rael Cahn, 2007 All Rights Reserved iii The Dissertation of Baruch Rael Cahn is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm: _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ Co-Chair _______________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2007 iii iv DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis in loving memory to my sister Lotus Blossom Cahn who passed away in 2005 from cancer of the thymus. May the love she brought to all those whose lives she touched live on through us and reach out to the world we inhabit. iv v TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page ………………………………………………………………..………. iii Dedication ……………….……………………………………………………………. iv Table of Contents ……………………………………………………………..………
    [Show full text]
  • A Critical Review of the Deviance Detection Theory of Mismatch Negativity
    Review A Critical Review of the Deviance Detection Theory of Mismatch Negativity Jamie A. O’Reilly 1,* and Amonrat O’Reilly 2 1 College of Biomedical Engineering, Rangsit University, Pathumthani 12000, Thailand 2 Thailand Institute for Science and Technological Research, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a component of the difference waveform derived from passive auditory oddball stimulation. Since its inception in 1978, this has become one of the most popular event-related potential techniques, with over two-thousand published studies using this method. This is a testament to the ingenuity and commitment of generations of researchers engaging in basic, clinical and animal research. Despite this intensive effort, high-level descriptions of the mechanisms theorized to underpin mismatch negativity have scarcely changed over the past four decades. The prevailing deviance detection theory posits that MMN reflects inattentive detection of difference between repetitive standard and infrequent deviant stimuli due to a mismatch between the unexpected deviant and a memory representation of the standard. Evidence for these mechanisms is inconclusive, and a plausible alternative sensory processing theory considers fundamental principles of sensory neurophysiology to be the primary source of differences between standard and deviant responses evoked during passive oddball stimulation. By frequently being restated without appropri- ate methods to exclude alternatives, the potentially flawed deviance detection theory has remained largely dominant, which could lead some researchers and clinicians to assume its veracity implicitly. Citation: O’Reilly, J.A.; O’Reilly, A. It is important to have a more comprehensive understanding of the source(s) of MMN generation A Critical Review of the Deviance before its widespread application as a clinical biomarker.
    [Show full text]
  • Integration of EEG-FMRI in an Auditory Oddball Paradigm Using Joint Independent Component Analysis Jain Mangalathu Arumana Marquette University
    Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Dissertations (2009 -) Dissertations, Theses, and Professional Projects Integration of EEG-FMRI in an Auditory Oddball Paradigm Using Joint Independent Component Analysis Jain Mangalathu Arumana Marquette University Recommended Citation Mangalathu Arumana, Jain, "Integration of EEG-FMRI in an Auditory Oddball Paradigm Using Joint Independent Component Analysis" (2012). Dissertations (2009 -). Paper 210. http://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/210 INTEGRATION OF EEG-FMRI IN AN AUDITORY ODDBALL PARADIGM USING JOINT INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS by Jain Mangalathu Arumana, B.Sc., M.Sc. A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor Philosophy Milwaukee, Wisconsin August 2012 ABSTRACT INTEGRATION OF EEG-FMRI IN AN AUDITORY ODDBALL PARADIGM USING JOINT INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS Jain Mangalathu Arumana, B.Sc., M.Sc. Marquette University, 2012 The integration of event-related potential (ERP) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can contribute to characterizing neural networks with high temporal and spatial resolution. The overall objective of this dissertation is to determine the sensitivity and limitations of joint independent component analysis (jICA) within- subject for integration of ERP and fMRI data collected simultaneously in a parametric auditory oddball paradigm. The main experimental finding in this work is that jICA revealed significantly stronger and more extensive activity in brain regions associated with the auditory P300 ERP than a P300 linear regression analysis, both at the group level and within-subject. The results suggest that, with the incorporation of spatial and temporal information from both imaging modalities, jICA is more sensitive to neural sources commonly observed with ERP and fMRI compared to a linear regression analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • ERP Peaks Review 1 LINKING BRAINWAVES to the BRAIN
    ERP Peaks Review 1 LINKING BRAINWAVES TO THE BRAIN: AN ERP PRIMER Alexandra P. Fonaryova Key, Guy O. Dove, and Mandy J. Maguire Psychological and Brain Sciences University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky Short title: ERPs Peak Review. Key Words: ERP, peak, latency, brain activity source, electrophysiology. Please address all correspondence to: Alexandra P. Fonaryova Key, Ph.D. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences 317 Life Sciences, University of Louisville Louisville, KY 40292-0001. [email protected] ERP Peaks Review 2 Linking Brainwaves To The Brain: An ERP Primer Alexandra Fonaryova Key, Guy O. Dove, and Mandy J. Maguire Abstract This paper reviews literature on the characteristics and possible interpretations of the event- related potential (ERP) peaks commonly identified in research. The description of each peak includes typical latencies, cortical distributions, and possible brain sources of observed activity as well as the evoking paradigms and underlying psychological processes. The review is intended to serve as a tutorial for general readers interested in neuropsychological research and a references source for researchers using ERP techniques. ERP Peaks Review 3 Linking Brainwaves To The Brain: An ERP Primer Alexandra P. Fonaryova Key, Guy O. Dove, and Mandy J. Maguire Over the latter portion of the past century recordings of brain electrical activity such as the continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) and the stimulus-relevant event-related potentials (ERPs) became frequent tools of choice for investigating the brain’s role in the cognitive processing in different populations. These electrophysiological recording techniques are generally non-invasive, relatively inexpensive, and do not require participants to provide a motor or verbal response.
    [Show full text]
  • Reconfiguration of Brain Network Between Resting-State and Oddball Paradigm
    Reconfiguration of Brain Network between Resting-state and Oddball Paradigm Fali Li1, Chanlin Yi1, Yuanyuan Liao1, Yuanling Jiang1, Yajing Si1, Limeng Song1, Tao Zhang1, Dezhong Yao1,2, Yangsong Zhang1,2, 3, Zehong Cao4 and Peng Xu1,2 1The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China 2School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China 3School of Computer Science and Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China 4Centre for Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia Corresponding author: Yangsong Zhang ([email protected]), Peng Xu ([email protected]). This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China (#2017YFB1002501), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (#61522105, #61603344, #81401484, and #81330032), the Open Foundation of Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology (No. HNBBL17001), and the Longshan academic talent research supporting program of SWUST (#17LZX692). ABSTRACT The oddball paradigm is widely applied to the investigation of multiple cognitive functions. Prior studies have explored the cortical oscillation and power spectral differing from the resting-state conduction to oddball paradigm, but whether brain networks
    [Show full text]
  • Validating a Novel Oddball Paradigm in Virtual Reality
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/749192; this version posted March 23, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Running head: NOVEL ODDBALL PARADIGM IN VIRTUAL REALITY Real brains in virtual worlds: Validating a novel oddball paradigm in virtual reality Jonathan W. P. Kuziek a, Abdel R. Tayema, Jennifer I. Burrella, Eden X. Redman a, Jeff Murrayc, Jenna Reinenc, Aldis Sipolinsc, Kyle E. Mathewsona,b a Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, b Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta c IBM Research: Education & Cognitive Sciences Type of article: Full length research paper Number of text pages: 30 (including references) Number of figures: 7 Number of tables: 5 Corresponding Author: Kyle E. Mathewson, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience Department of Psychology P-455 Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2E9 [email protected] bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/749192; this version posted March 23, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. NOVEL ODDBALL PARADIGM IN VIRTUAL REALITY 1 1 Electroencephalography (EEG) research is typically conducted in controlled laboratory settings. This 2 limits the generalizability to real-world situations. Virtual reality (VR) sits as a transitional tool that 3 provides tight experimental control with more realistic stimuli. To test the validity of using VR for event- 4 related potential (ERP) research we used a well-established paradigm, the oddball task.
    [Show full text]
  • Event-Related Delta, Theta, Alpha and Gamma Correlates to Auditory Oddball Processing During Vipassana Meditation
    doi:10.1093/scan/nss060 SCAN (2013) 8,100^111 Event-related delta, theta, alpha and gamma correlates to auditory oddball processing during Vipassana meditation B. Rael Cahn,1,2,3 Arnaud Delorme,3,4,5 and John Polich2 1Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, 2Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA,USA, 3Meditation Research Institute, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India, 4Institute of Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA 5CERCO, CNRS, Universite´ Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France Long-term Vipassana meditators sat in meditation vs. a control (instructed mind wandering) states for 25 min, electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded and condition order counterbalanced. For the last 4 min, a three-stimulus auditory oddball series was presented during both meditation and control periods through headphones and no task imposed. Time-frequency analysis demonstrated that meditation relative to the control condition evinced decreased evoked delta (2–4 Hz) power to distracter stimuli concomitantly with a greater event-related reduction of late (500–900 ms) alpha-1 (8–10 Hz) activity, which indexed altered dynamics of attentional engagement to distracters. Additionally, standard stimuli were associated with Downloaded from increased early event-related alpha phase synchrony (inter-trial coherence) and evoked theta (4–8 Hz) phase synchrony, suggesting enhanced processing of the habituated standard background stimuli. Finally, during meditation, there was a greater differential early-evoked gamma power to the different stimulus classes. Correlation analysis indicated that this effect stemmed from a meditation state-related increase in early distracter-evoked gamma power and phase synchrony specific to longer-term expert practitioners.
    [Show full text]
  • Auditory P300 and N100 Components As Intermediate Phenotypes for Psychotic Disorder: Familial Liability and Reliability ⇑ Claudia J.P
    Clinical Neurophysiology 122 (2011) 1984–1990 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Clinical Neurophysiology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/clinph Auditory P300 and N100 components as intermediate phenotypes for psychotic disorder: Familial liability and reliability ⇑ Claudia J.P. Simons a,b, , Anke Sambeth c, Lydia Krabbendam a,e, Stefanie Pfeifer a, Jim van Os a,d, Wim J. Riedel c a Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, SEARCH, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands b GGzE, Institute of Mental Health Care Eindhoven en de Kempen, P.O. Box 909, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands c Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands d Visiting Professor of Psychiatric Epidemiology, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, UK e Centre Brain and Learning, Department of Psychology and Education, VU University Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands article info highlights Article history: A reliable N100 latency delay was found in unaffected siblings of patients with a psychotic disorder. Accepted 28 February 2011 P300 amplitude and latency were not found to be affected in siblings. Available online 1 April 2011 Short-term test–retest reliability of N100 and P300 components were sound across patients, siblings and controls, with the main exception of N100 latency in patients. Keywords: Electroencephalography Event-related potentials abstract Psychoses Schizophrenia Objective: Abnormalities of the auditory P300 are a robust finding in patients with psychosis. The pur- Test–retest poses of this study were to determine whether patients with a psychotic disorder and their unaffected Relatives siblings show abnormalities in P300 and N100 and to establish test–retest reliabilities for these ERP com- ponents.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence from the P3 Wave and the Lateralized Readiness Potential
    Psychophysiology, 46 (2009), 776–786. Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Printed in the USA. Copyright r 2009 Society for Psychophysiological Research DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00817.x Impaired response selection in schizophrenia: Evidence from the P3 wave and the lateralized readiness potential STEVEN J. LUCK,a EMILY S. KAPPENMAN,a REBECCA L. FULLER,b BENJAMIN ROBINSON,b ANN SUMMERFELT,b and JAMES M. GOLDb aUniversity of California, Davis, California, USA bMaryland Psychiatric Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Abstract Reaction times (RTs) are substantially prolonged in schizophrenia patients, but the latency of the P3 component is not. This suggests that the RT slowing arises from impairments in a late stage of processing. To test this hypothesis, 20 schizophrenia patients and 20 control subjects were tested in a visual oddball paradigm that was modified to allow measurement of the lateralized readiness potential (LRP), an index of stimulus-response translation processes. Difference waves were used to isolate the LRP and the P3 wave. Patients and control subjects exhibited virtually identical P3 difference waves, whereas the LRP difference wave was reduced in amplitude and delayed in latency in the patients. These results indicate that, at least in simple tasks, the delayed RTs observed in schizophrenia are primarily a consequence of impairments in the response selection and preparation processes that follow perception and catego- rization. Descriptors: Schizophrenia, P3, Lateralized readiness potential, LRP Although delusions and hallucinations are the most dramatic slowing in schizophrenia led the field to largely abandon the features of schizophrenia, this disorder is also accompanied by investigation of this robust empirical finding.
    [Show full text]
  • The Learning-Oddball Paradigm: Data of 24 Separate Individuals Illustrate Its Potential Usefulness As a New Clinical Tool ⇑ Marijtje L.A
    Clinical Neurophysiology 124 (2013) 514–521 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Clinical Neurophysiology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/clinph The learning-oddball paradigm: Data of 24 separate individuals illustrate its potential usefulness as a new clinical tool ⇑ Marijtje L.A. Jongsma a,c, , Clementina M. van Rijn a, Niels J.H.M. Gerrits a, Tom Eichele b, Bert Steenbergen c, Joseph H.R. Maes a, Rodrigo Quian Quiroga d,e a Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, DCC, Radboud University Nijmegen, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands b Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bergen, Building for Basic Biological Research, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009 Bergen, Norway c Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands d Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, United Kingdom e Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, University of Magdeburg, Germany article info highlights Article history: An ERP study using a learning-oddball paradigm was employed to assess pattern detection in individual Accepted 4 September 2012 participants. Available online 10 October 2012 ERP changes across learning trials corresponded to sigmoid curves that could be established in each individual participant. Keywords: The ERP/learning-oddball paradigm implicates a potential tool for assessing pattern detection capacities ERP in individuals. Single-trial Pattern detection N2 abstract P3 Individuality Objective: In a previous article reporting group data, we presented event-related potentials (ERPs), which were evoked by randomly presented target stimuli in a ‘learning-oddball’ task. These ERPs contained a large N2-P3 complex that decreased and a Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) that increased when the targets were presented in a regular fashion.
    [Show full text]
  • Event-Related Brain Potentials and Neuropsychology
    Part I Neuropsychology of Language: Methods and Paradigms 26 Potentials and Paradigms: Event - Related Brain Potentials and Neuropsychology Marta Kutas , Michael Kiang , and Kim Sweeney Introduction In the past few decades, researchers in neuropsychology have applied a wealth of new scientifi c techniques to investigate brain mechanisms underlying cognitive (dys)function. Here, we focus on how one such technique – scalp - recorded electro- encephalographic (EEG) event - related brain potentials (ERPs) – has impacted our understanding of normal cognitive processes (including language) and which thus has great potential for investigating their disruption by disease states. Given what is now known about certain ERP effects in particular paradigms, combining the ERP method with neuropsychology is an excellent marriage of two specialized techniques. In ERP studies, the EEG is recorded from participants, typically via surface elec- trodes affi xed to the scalp (or embedded in a cap), as experimental stimuli are presented and sometimes, albeit not necessarily, require a (manual, vocal, or silent) response. In this context, the cognitive “ events ” of interest may include a particular class of stimulus, the absence of an (expected) stimulus (omitted stimulus para- digm), a correct or incorrect response, among many other possibilities, as long as a distinct time point for ERP time - locking can be defi ned; speech, environmental sounds, sign language, gestures, short videos, and the like also can be used. Segments of the EEG, each encompassing a fi xed period of time before and/or after each instance (or “ trial ” ) of an event, can then be averaged to yield an average ERP. Averaging over multiple trials eliminates unrelated background activity that theo- retically is random with respect to the stimulus and thus averages to zero, given enough trials.
    [Show full text]
  • An Event-Related Potential Study Using the Oddball Paradigm Boris V
    Psychology & Neuroscience, 2013, 6, 3, 235 - 245 DOI: 10.3922/j.psns.2013.3.01 Temperament: an event-related potential study using the oddball paradigm Boris V. Chernyshev1, 2, Ivan E. Lazarev1, and Elena G. Chernysheva1 1. National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation 2. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation Abstract The present study examined the structure of interrelations between brain event-related potentials and behavioral measures and temperament dimensions during an attention task. Three temperament questionnaires were used: Eysenck Personality Inventory, Strelau Temperament Inventory, and Rusalov Structure of Temperament Questionnaire. Event-related potentials were recorded using the active auditory oddball paradigm. The stimuli (85 dB; 1050 and 1000 Hz sinusoidal tones as targets and non-targets, respectively) were easily discriminated by all of the participants. A complex framework of interrelations between temperament and personality dimensions, behavioral measures, and event-related potentials was found. P3 amplitude was negatively correlated with the number of response omissions. Emotionality was positively correlated with P2 and N1-P2 complex amplitudes. Extraversion and Mobility of Nervous Processes were negatively correlated with the amplitude of the N1-P2 complex, and Social Ergonicity was negatively correlated with N2 latency. The results indicate that Extraversion tends to be associated with both the intensity and temporal aspects of temperament and suggest the importance of using a multidimensional approach in temperament studies. Keywords: temperament, personality, attention, electroencephalogram, event-related potentials. Received 04 May 2013; received in revised form 05 August 2013; accepted 17 August 2013. Available online 23 December 2013. Introduction publications (Chernyshev, Ramendik, Chernysheva, Temperament is often viewed as a set of genetically Bezsonova, & Zinchenko, 2010; Ramendik, 2011).
    [Show full text]