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Coleoptera, Agyrtidae) Èç Áàëòèéñêîãî ßíòàðß

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Coleoptera, Agyrtidae) Èç Áàëòèéñêîãî ßíòàðß Vestnik zoologii, 39(1): 59–61, 2005 © Å. Ý. Ïåðêîâñêèé, 2005 ÓÄÊ 565.76(261.24) ÏÅÐÂÛÉ ÝÎÖÅÍÎÂÛÉ ÏÐÅÄÑÒÀÂÈÒÅËÜ ÐÎÄÀ IPELATES (COLEOPTERA, AGYRTIDAE) ÈÇ ÁÀËÒÈÉÑÊÎÃÎ ßÍÒÀÐß Å. Ý. Ïåðêîâñêèé Èíñòèòóò çîîëîãèè èì. È. È. Øìàëüãàóçåíà ÍÀÍ Óêðàèíû óë. Á. Õìåëüíèöêîãî, 15, Êèåâ, 01601 Óêðàèíà Ïîëó÷åíî 6 äåêàáðÿ 2004 Ïåðâûé ýîöåíîâûé ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ðîäà Ipelates (Coleoptera, Agyrtidae) èç áàëòèéñêîãî ÿíòàðÿ. Ïåðêîâñêèé Å. Ý. — Îïèñàí Ipelates kerneggeri Perkovsky, sp. n., ïåðâûé èñêîïàåìûé âèä ðîäà Ipelates Reitter èç áàëòèéñêîãî ÿíòàðÿ. Îò ñåâåðîàìåðèêàíñêîãî I. latus, ê êîòîðîìó îí áëèæå âñåãî ãàáèòóàëüíî, íîâûé âèä îòëè÷àåòñÿ î÷åíü ðåäêîé ïóíêòèðîâêîé äèñêà ïðîíîòóìà è ãîëî- âû, áîëåå äëèííûìè óñèêàìè (èõ 3-é ÷ëåíèê ëèøü â 1,25 ðàçà êîðî÷å 4-ãî è 5-ãî ÷ëåíèêîâ, âìåñòå âçÿòûõ) ñ óçêîé áóëàâîé, óçêèì ýïèïëåâðàëüíûì êèëåì â ïåðåäíåé ÷åòâåðòè íàäêðûëèé, ìåíüøèì êîëè÷åñòâîì êðóïíûõ òî÷åê ìåæäó 9-ì ðÿäîì òî÷åê è ýïèïëåâðàëüíûì êèëåì. Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: Coleoptera, Agyrtidae, Ipelates, òàêñîíîìèÿ, ýîöåí, ÿíòàðü. The First Eocene Representative of Ipelates (Coleoptera, Agyrtidae) from the Baltic Amber. Perkov- sky E. E. — Ipelates kerneggeri Perkovsky, sp. n., the first fossil species of the genus Ipelates Reitter is described from the Baltic amber. It is close to the recent Nearctic I. latus (Mannerheim) in habitus, but differs by very rare large punctures on the middle part of pronotum, longer antennae with narrow club (length of the 3rd antennal segment is 0.8 times as long as the 4th and 5th segments together), narrow anterior 1/4 of epipleural keel, smaller number of large punctures between the 9th line of punctures and epipleural keel. Key words: Coleoptera, Agyrtidae, Ipelates, taxonomy, Eocene, amber. Ââåäåíèå Ñðåäè æóêîâ, ëþáåçíî ïåðåäàííûõ ìíå íà îáðàáîòêó Ôðèäðèõîì Êåðíåããåðîì (Ãàìáóðã), áûë îáíàðóæåí ïðåäñòàâèòåëü àãèðòèä, ïðèçíàêè êîòîðîãî ñîîòâåòñòâóþò äèàãíîçó ðîäà Ipelates Reitter. Àãèðòèäû — ìàëî÷èñëåííîå â ñîâðåìåííîé ôàóíå ñåìåéñòâî æóêîâ, êîòîðîå, ïî-âèäèìîìó, çàìåòíî ïîëíåå áûëî ïðåäñòàâëåíî â ôàóíàõ ìåçîôèòà (Ïåðêîâñêèé, 2001; Newton, 1997). Ñåìåéñòâî âêëþ÷àåò 6 äåñÿòêîâ ïàëåàðêòè÷åcêèõ âèäîâ (óïîìÿíóòàÿ íèæå òèïîâàÿ ìåñòíîñòü I. indicus (Hlisni- kovsky) â Òàìèëíàäå — åäèíñòâåííàÿ èçâåñòíàÿ òî÷êà íàõîäêè àãèðòèä íà ï-oâe Èíäîñòàí); îäèí íåàðêòè÷åñêèé — I. latus (Mannerheim) è 2 íîâîçåëàíäñêèõ. Îáà ïðåäñòàâèòåëÿ íîâîçåëàíäñêîãî ðîäà Zeanecrophilus Newton, â îòëè÷èå îò îñòàëüíûõ àãèðòèä, — î÷åíü îáû÷íûå è ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûå íåêðîôàãè (Newton, 1997), â íåêîòîðûõ ìàññîâûõ ñáîðàõ íà ñâåò îíè óñòóïàþò ïî ÷èñëåííîñòè ëèøü òðåì âèäàì æóêîâ. À. Íüþòîí (Newton, 1997) ñ÷èòàåò, ÷òî àãèðòèäû áûëè âûòåñíåíû ìåðòâîåäàìè. Ïî íàøåìó ìíåíèþ, â âûòåñíåíèè àãèðòèä èç þæíîãî ïîëóøàðèÿ ìîãëè ïðèíèìàòü ó÷àñòèå è ïðî- äâèíóòûå õîëåâèíû, îòñóòñòâóþùèå íà Íîâîé Çåëàíäèè (Peschke et al., 1987). I. latus — ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ðîäà Ipelates, ýêîëîãèÿ êîòîðîãî èçâåñòíà ëó÷øå âñåãî, ÷àñòî ñâÿçàí ñ ìåðòâûìè õâîéíûìè, ãíèþùèìè ãðèáàìè è òðóòîâèêàìè Fomes íà õâîéíûõ, à òàêæå ñ ëåñíîé ïîäñòèëêîé (Anderson, Peck, 1985). Äðóãèå êðûëàòûå âèäû Ipelates òàêæå ñâÿçàíû ñ ëåñàìè (ýòî íå ïîêàçàíî òîëüêî äëÿ I. indicus); íàëè÷èå õàðàêòåðíûõ äëÿ I. indicus è I. sikkimensis (Portevin) ùåòèíîê íà ëàïêàõ, êàê óêàçûâàåò À. Íüþòîí (op. cit), êîððåëèðóåò ñ ïðèñïîñîáëåíèåì ê ïåðåìåùåíèþ ïî ãëàäêèì, íåãîðèçîíòàëüíûì ïîâåðõíîñòÿì (íàïðèìåð, ëèñòüÿì). Ipelates kerneggeri Perkovsky, sp. n. (öâ. âêëåéêà I) Ìàòåðèàë. Ãîëîòèï {, â áàëòèéñêîì ÿíòàðå; ßíòàðíûé, Êàëèíèíãðàäñêàÿ îáë., Çåìëàíäñêèé ï-îâ, Ðîññèÿ; ¹ 4392 â êàòàëîãå òèïîâ Ãåîëîãî-ïàëåîíòîëîãè÷åñêîãî èíñòèòóòà è ìóçåÿ Ãàìáóðãñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà, (èç êîëë. Êåðíåããåðà, ¹ 207/2001) [coll. Geological-Palaeontological Institute and Muse- um, University of Hamburg, Typ. Kat. N 4392 (ex coll. Kernegger, Hamburg, N 207/2001)]. Öåëûé æóê; ÷àñòü âåðõà ãîëîâû, áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü ðîòîâûõ îðãàíîâ è ïðàâàÿ ñòîðîíà òåëà ñíèçó ïîêðûòû áåëûì ìèöåëèåì; ÿíòàðü ñî çâåçä÷àòûìè âîëîñêàìè è íèòüþ ïàóòèíû. ßíòàðü çàëèò â èñêóññòâåííóþ ñìîëó. 60 Å. Ý. Ïåðêîâñêèé Îïèñàíèå. Äëèíà òåëà 3,5 ìì. Ãëàçà íåáîëüøèå, ãîëîâà çà ãëàçàìè áåç âèñêîâ. Ïåðåäíÿÿ ÷àñòü ãîëîâû óçêàÿ: ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó îñíîâàíèÿìè óñèêîâ ëèøü â 2,5 ðàçà ïðåâûøàåò äëèíó 3-ãî ÷ëåíèêà óñèêîâ; ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó îñíîâàíèåì óñèêîâ è ïåðåäíèì êðàåì ãëàçà ðàâíî òðåòè ïðîäîëüíîãî äèàìåòðà ãëàçà. Ãîëîâà â î÷åíü ðåäêîé äâîéíîé ïóíêòèðîâêå: íà ëåâîé ïîëîâèíå ãîëîâû ìåæäó ãëàçàìè ðàçëè÷èìû òîëüêî 5 êðóï- íûõ òî÷åê. Âåðøèíû ìàíäèáóë áåç çóáöà. Ïîñëåäíèé ÷ëåíèê ÷åëþñòíûõ ùó- ïèêîâ óçêèé, îò ñðåäèíû ñóæåí ê âåðøèíå; óãîë ïðè âåðøèíå — 30°. Óñèêè ñî ñëàáîé 5-÷ëåíèêîâîé áóëàâîé, çàõîäÿò çà çàäíèé êðàé ïðîíîòóìà, äëèíà óñèêà â 2 ðàçà áîëüøå øèðèíû ãîëîâû. 3-é ÷ëåíèê â 1,5 ðàçà äëèííåå 2-ãî, åãî äëèíà 3,4 ðàçà áîëüøå øèðèíû è ëèøü â 1,25 ðàçà ìåíüøå äëèíû 4-ãî è 5-ãî, âìåñòå âçÿ- òûõ; äëèíà 4-ãî è 5-ãî ÷ëåíèêà â 2 ðàçà áîëüøå øèðèíû, äëèíà 6-ãî ÷ëåíèêà â 1,6 ðàçà áîëüøå øèðèíû, 7-é ÷ëåíèê ïðîäîëüíûé, â äèñòàëüíîé òðåòè ÿâñòâåí- íî ðàñøèðåí, åãî äëèíà â 1,5 ðàçà áîëüøå øèðèíû, äëèíà 8–10-ãî ÷ëåíèêîâ â 1,1–1,15 ðàçà áîëüøå øèðèíû, äëèíà 11-ãî ÷ëåíèêà â 2 ðàçà áîëüøå øèðèíû. Øèðèíà ãîëîâû 0,7 ìì, äëèíà óñèêà 1,4 ìì. Ïðîíîòóì íàèáîëüøåé øèðèíû äîñòèãàåò ó îñíîâàíèÿ, åãî äëèíà âäâîå áîëü- øå øèðèíû; îñíîâàíèå ïðîíîòóìà áåç âäàâëåíèé, åãî çàäíèå óãëû øèðîêî îêðó- ãëåíû. Ïóíêòèðîâêà ïðîíîòóìà â öåíòðå äèñêà áîëåå íåæíàÿ è ìåëêàÿ, ÷åì ïî êðàÿì, ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó òî÷êàìè ðàâíî 1–2 äèàìåòðàì òî÷åê: êðóïíûå òî÷êè êðóïíåå, ÷åì íà ãîëîâå. Öåíòð äèñêà ïðîíîòóìà âñåãî ñ 6 êðóïíûìè òî÷êàìè. Îñíîâàíèå ïðîíîòóìà åäâà çàìåòíî îêàéìëåíî. Øèðèíà ïðîíîòóìà 1,7 ìì, äëè- íà ïðîíîòóìà 0,8 ìì. Íàäêðûëüÿ ïàðàëëåëüíîñòîðîííèå, â 1,3 ðàçà äëèííåå ñâîåé øèðèíû. Òî÷êè âî âñåõ òî÷å÷íûõ ðÿäàõ ðàâíîé âåëè÷èíû. Òðåòèé ðÿä ñîñòàâëåí 39 òî÷êàìè. Ìåæäóðÿäüÿ ñî ñëåäàìè î÷åíü ðåäêîé è íåæíîé ìåëêîé ïóíêòèðîâêè. Ïðîìåæó- òîê ìåæäó 9-é áîðîçäêîé è ýïèïëåâðàëüíûè êèëåì ñ 15 òî÷êàìè, ðàâíûìè ïî âåëè÷èíå òî÷êàì òî÷å÷íûõ áîðîçäîê; øèðèíà ýòîãî ïðîìåæóòêà ëèøü â 2–2,5 ðà- çà ïðåâûøàåò äèàìåòð êðóïíîé òî÷êè. Ýïèïëåâðàëüíûé êèëü â ïåðåäíåé ÷åòâåð- òè íàäêðûëèé óçêèé, íà íåì âèäíà ëèøü ïàðà çóá÷èêîâ, äëèíà êîòîðûõ ïðåâû- øàåò äèàìåòð òî÷êè. Ýïèïëåâðû íàäêðûëèé ñëàáî âîãíóòûå; ïåðåäíÿÿ ÷àñòü ýïè- ïëåâðîâ äî èõ íàèáîëüøåé øèðèíû ñ 5 ìåäèàëüíî ðàñïîëîæåííûìè êðóïíûìè òî÷êàìè. Äëèíà íàäêðûëèé 2,6 ìì, øèðèíà — 2 ìì. Êðûëüÿ ðàçâèòû. 4-é ñòåðíèò áðþøêà â ïåðåäíåé 1/5 ñ íåãëóáîêèì ñòðóêòóðèðîâàííûì âäàâ- ëåíèåì. Ïåðåäíèå ãîëåíè â ïîïåðå÷íîì ñå÷åíèè òðåóãîëüíûå, ïî íàðóæíîìó êðàþ ñ ðÿäàìè øèïèêîâ, ïî âåðõíåìó êðàþ â íàðóæíîé ïîëîâèíå ñ ãëóáîêèì è øèðî- êèì æåëîáîîáðàçíûì âäàâëåíèåì, ïåðåä îñíîâàíèåì ñóæàþùèìñÿ è äîõîäÿùèì äî îñíîâàíèÿ ãîëåíè â âèäå áîðîçäêè. Âåðøèíà ãîëåíè ê íàðóæíîìó êðàþ êîñî ñðåçàíà. Äëèíà ïåðåäíåé ãîëåíè â 8 ðàç áîëüøå øèðèíû. Çàäíÿÿ ãîëåíü ïî íà- ðóæíîìó êðàþ ñ ÿâñòâåííûìè øèïèêàìè, äëèíà êîòîðûõ íå ïðåâûøàåò øèðèíó ãîëåíè; åå âíóòðåííÿÿ øïîðà ðàâíà ïî äëèíå 1-ìó ÷ëåíèêó çàäíèõ ëàïîê. Ïå- ðåäíèå ëàïêè â 2 ðàçà êîðî÷å çàäíèõ. Ïåðåäíèå ëàïêè ñëàáî ðàñøèðåíû; ïåðâûé ÷ëåíèê ñðåäíèõ ëàïîê ñíèçó ñ êîðîòêèìè ùåòèíêàìè. Cðàâíåíèå. Ïî ðåäêîñòè ïóíêòèðîâêè íà äèñêå ïðîíîòóìà èç âèäîâ ñ îêðóãëåííûìè çàäíèìè óãëàìè ïðîíîòóìà íîâûé âèä ñðàâíèì òîëüêî ñ I. indicus, èçâåñòíûì èç Íåïàëà, ñåâåðíîé Áèðìû è Ñû÷óàíè (Shawaller, 1983, 1999), à òàêæå ïî åäèíñòâåííîé íàõîäêå â Òàìèëíàäå («Trichinopoly» — òèïîâàÿ ìåñòíîñòü ýòîãî âèäà, þæíîèíäèéñêàÿ ëîêàëèçàöèÿ êîòîðîé âûçûâàëà ñîìíåíèÿ ó Â. Øàâàëëåðà ïî çîîãåîãðàôè÷åñêèì ñîîáðàæåíèÿì (Shawaller, 1983) — ñòàðîå íàçâàíèå ãîðîäà Òèðó÷÷èðàïïàëëè), ó êîòîðîãî äèñê ïðîíîòóìà ãëàäêèé. Îäíàêî Ïåðâûé ýîöåíîâûé ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ðîäà Ipelates… 61 ïî ôîðìå òåëà è î÷åíü íåæíî ïóíêòèðîâàííûì ìåæäóðÿäüÿì íàäêðûëèé èç âè- äîâ ñ îêðóãëåííûìè çàäíèìè óãëàìè ïðîíîòóìà íîâûé âèä ñõîäåí ëèøü ñ I. latus ñ çàïàäà Ñåâåðíîé Àìåðèêè; I. latus — ñîâðåìåííûé ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ðîäà, äàëüøå âñåãî çàõîäÿùèé íà ñåâåð — çà øèðîòó Ìàãàäàíà, íà þãå ýòîò âèä äîõîäèò äî Þæíîé Êàëèôîðíèè (Anderson, Peck, 1985). Îò I. indicus è I. sikkimensis (Ãè- ìàëàè, þã Êèòàÿ è ñåâåð Âüåòíàìà) íîâûé âèä îòëè÷àåòñÿ, êðîìå ôîðìû òåëà (è îòñóòñòâèÿ ÿâñòâåííîãî îêàéìëåíèÿ çàäíåãî êðàÿ ïðîíîòóìà), òàêæå îòñóòñòâèåì õàðàêòåðíûõ ùåòèíîê íà ëàïêàõ, îáíàðóæåííûõ ó îáîèõ ïîëîâ ýòèõ âèäîâ íà 3–4-ì ÷ëåíèêàõ âñåõ ëàïîê À. Íüþòîíîì (Newton, 1997). Ñðàâíèòåëüíîå îïèñàíèå I. latus, ñäåëàííîå íà îñíîâàíèè èçó÷åíèÿ ñòàðûõ ñåâåðîàìåðèêàíñêèõ ýêçåìïëÿðîâ áåç áîëåå ïîäðîáíûõ ýòèêåòîê è 5 ýêç. èç Áðèòàíñêîé Êîëóìáèè (3 èç íèõ — èç Ýññîíäýéëà), ñîäåðæèòñÿ â ðàáîòå Â. Øà- âàëëåðà (Shawaller, 1983). Íàìè áûëà èññëåäîâàíà åäèíñòâåííàÿ ñàìêà I. latus èç êîëëåêöèè Â. Ëàçîðêî, ñ ýòèêåòêîé «Canada, B[ritish] C[olumbia], Essondale, 1.XII.1956. leg. Lazorko \ íà ãðèá³». Ïóíêòèðîâêà äèñêà ïðîíîòóìà ó ýòîãî ýêçåì- ïëÿðà íåðàâíîìåðíàÿ è áîëåå ðåäêàÿ, ÷åì åãî êðàåâ, íî ñîñòàâëåíà íå îòäåëü- íûìè òî÷êàìè, à ìíîãî÷èñëåííûìè áëèçêî ïîñàæåííûìè ãðóïïàìè êðóïíûõ òî÷åê, ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó êîòîðûìè ðàâíî äèàìåòðó òî÷êè; íåðàâíîìåðíîñòü ïóíêòèðîâêè ïðîíîòóìà ó èçó÷åííîãî íàìè ýêçåìïëÿðà âûðàæåíà ñèëüíåå, ÷åì íà ðèñóíêå Â. Øàâàëëåðà (Shawaller, 1983, Abb. 5); åãî ãîëîâà ìåæäó çàäíèì êðà- åì ãëàç è Y-îáðàçíûì øâîì â íåðàâíîìåðíîé äâîéíîé ïóíêòèðîâêå, âêëþ÷àþ- ùåé 3 äåñÿòêà êðóïíûõ òî÷åê, êîòîðûå íå ìåëü÷å êðóïíûõ òî÷åê ïðîíîòóìà. Íîâûé âèä îòëè÷àåòñÿ îò I. latus, êðîìå î÷åíü ðåäêîé ïóíêòèðîâêè äèñêà ïðîíîòóìà è ãîëîâû, áîëåå êîðîòêèì òåëîì (äëèíà I. latus — 4–6 ìì), îòíîñè- òåëüíî áîëåå äëèííûìè óñèêàìè (ó ñàìêè I. latus èç êîëëåêöèè Â. Ëàçîðêî óñèêè ëèøü â 1,6 ðàçà äëèííåå øèðèíû ãîëîâû, à äëèíà 4-ãî è 5-ãî, âìåñòå âçÿòûõ, áîëåå ÷åì â 1,6 ðàçà áîëüøå äëèíû 3-ãî ÷ëåíèêà), øèðîêî îêðóãëåííûìè çàäíè- ìè óãëàìè ïðîíîòóìà (ó I. latus îíè óçêî îêðóãëåíû), óçêèì ýïèïëåâðàëüíûì êèëåì â ïåðåäíåé ÷åòâåðòè íàäêðûëèé, ìåíüøèì ÷èñëîì êðóïíûõ òî÷åê ìåæäó 9-ì ðÿäîì òî÷åê è îòíîñèòåëüíî áëèçêèì ê íåìó áîêîâûì êðàåì íàäêðûëèé (ó I. latus êðóïíûõ òî÷åê 24–25, ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó 9-ì ðÿäîì òî÷åê è áîêîâûì êðàåì íàäêðûëèé ðàâíî 5 äèàìåòðàì òî÷åê). Ïåðåäíèå ëàïêè ó I. latus èç êîë- ëåêöèè Â. Ëàçîðêî â 1,4 ðàçà êîðî÷å çàäíèõ. Ñòðîåíèå ïåðåäíèõ ãîëåíåé, óçêèé ýïèïëåâðàëüíûé êèëü â ïåðåäíåé ÷åòâåðòè íàäêðûëèé, óñèëåíèå âîîðóæåíèÿ çàäíèõ ãîëåíåé è, îò÷àñòè, ñòðîåíèå ïåðåäíåé ÷àñòè ãîëîâû ñáëèæàåò íîâûé âèä ñ ïðåäñòàâèòåëÿìè ðîäà Agyrtes Frol.
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