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Download This Article in PDF Format E3S Web of Conferences 136, 04029 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/2019136040 29 ICBTE 2019 Durability Evaluation and Rational Durability Analysis of Cables for Bridges in China Sun Xiaohong1 1Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport, Beijing, 100088, China Abstract. The cable bridges have developed in leaps and bounds in China. With the increase of service time, the diseases affecting the durability and safety of structures have also been exposed, and cables for some bridges have to be replaced in advance. Based on the investigation of the bridges which have replaced cables in our country, this paper analyses the durability of the cables for bridges and the rational durability of the common cables system in our country, so as to provide reference for the selection, application and maintenance management of the cables for bridges. Supported by the Scientific and Technological Project 1 Introduction of Zhejiang Highway Administration, the research team has carried out the investigation of 74 cable bridges in Cables for bridges (including stay-cables of cable-stayed China, including 34 cable-stayed bridges (Table 1) and 40 bridges, suspenders of half-through and through arch suspension arch bridges (Table 2). On the basis of bridges, etc.) are the main bearing components of cable investigating the structure form, damage characteristics bridges. They are generally arranged outside the girder and replacement time of the cables of bridges, the paper and are in a high-stress state. The cables are sensitive to summarizes the damage characteristics and average external damage. With the increase of served time, rust, service life of the cables of bridges in use in China, and wire breakage and other damage are gradually exposed in analyses the durability of the cables and the rational actual operation. Many bridges have to replace suspenders durability of the common cables system, so as to provide in advance. In serious cases, cable breakage occurs, a reference for the selection, application and maintenance causing bridge collapse accidents and resulting in bad management of the cables in the future. economic losses and social impact. Table 1. 34 cable-stayed bridges surveyed Province Sichuan Guangdong Guangxi Zhejiang Hubei Shimen Bridge of the Jialing River、 Guangzhou Haiyin Hongshuihe Jinhua Jinyu Wuhan Sanda Nujiang Bridge、 Qianwei Bridge、Nanhai Railway Bridge、 Baishazhou Minjiang River Bridg 、 Jiao ping Jiujiang Bridge、 Bridge、Liuzhou Shangyu Yangtze River bridge of jinsha river、Three fuljiang Dongguan Nange Huxi Bridge、 Zhangzhen Bridge Bridge、 Bridge、 bridge、Chongqing Lijiatun Yangtze Bridge、Foshan Nanning Baisha name Bridge、 Shangyu Han County River Bridge、 Chongqing Wan'an Xiqiao Bridge、Zhuhai Zhangzhou People's Hanjiang Bridge 、 Tongling Yangtze River Qi'ao Bridge、Nange Yunlong Bridge Bridge Bridge Bridge、Fuling Yangtze river bridge Bridge in Dongguan City in chongqing Province Yunnan Jiangxi Shanghai Shandong Tianjin Hengfeng Road Jinan Yellow Bridge River Yonghe Baoshan Sanda Nujiang Bridge Nanchang Bayi Bridge Overpass 、 New name Highway Bridge five bridge Bridge Province Shanxi Hunan Jilin Henan Lushan Bridge Changsha Yinpenling Linjiangmen Bridge, Sanyuan Xinlong Bridge name Bridge Bridge Lushan Bridge *Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). E3S Web of Conferences 136, 04029 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/2019136040 29 ICBTE 2019 Table 2. 40 suspension arch bridges surveyed Province Sichuan Guangdong Guangxi Zhejiang Hubei Yibin small south gate jinsha river Dongguan Sanan Wuyi hot spring bridge、 Wuhan bridge、Dadu river bridge in ebian hongfu bridge、 yongjiang Hangzhou yeqingdou circum-city county、Leshan city, shawan dadu No. 2 bridge of bridge 、 bridge 、 Jinhua expressway river bridge 、 Panzhihua naked liuxihe reservoir Yongjiang shuanglong bridge 、 K94+718 separated fruit jinsha river bridge、Chengdu in conghua 、 bridge 、 Taizhou ji li Chen Bridge intersections qinglongchang overpass、Tianjin 7/5000 Wenhui bridge 、 Welcome name Nanhai bridge, bridge, mianyang city、Fujiang interchange in taizhou、 sanshanxi liuzhou 、 bridge, mianyang Xinlong Shaoxing fuen bridge 、 、 bridge、Ya ji sha Nanning pu Shaoxing jianhu bridge aoqiao, neijiang, chengdu- bridge 、 Fochen miao bridge chongqing expressway Deyang 、 bridge, foshan changjiang road bridge Province Hainan Liaoning Anhui Shandong Xinjiang Shenyang Hefei Bridge Jining beijing-hangzhou Kongquehe Qiongzhou bridge changqing shouchun name canal bridge bridge bridge road bridge Province Fujian Henan Shanxi Shanxi Wuyishan mansion bridge 、 Nanping yuping bridge、Fuzhou Shahe rainbow Bridge of shu river and Bridge Taiyuan jiefang bridge、Quanyi bridge of bridge, taishan han river 、 Hanzhong name YiFen bridge fu 'an city、Longyan river south road, luohe panjiahe bridge bridge and there are many corrosive Cl-ions in the air of coastal areas, which leads to serious rust of cables. 2 Durability evaluation of cables for bridges in China 3 Rational durability analysis of According to the data analysis of 74 bridges that have common cable system replaced cables, the cables of Shawan Dadu River Bridge in Leshan City have the shortest service life for four years, The cable system includes three parts: cable, anchorage and the longest one is the cables of Fujiang Bridge in system and protection system. The survey data show that Santai, Sichuan Province for 22 years. The average service the common cable system in China includes PE protection life of cable is 12.5 years, and the service life of cables is parallel steel heading anchor cable, PE protection parallel concentrated in 4-15 years. 57 of the 74 bridges surveyed steel cold (hot) cast heading anchor cable, high strength are within this range, accounting for 77.0% of the total steel strand clip group anchor cable, PE protection strand number of bridges which have replaced cables. extrusion anchor cable, etc. The defensive ability against The factors causing cable replacement in advance external invasion and service life of each system are include protection damage, water ingress, steel wire rust, different. wire breakage, wire slippage, anchorage rust, cracking, (1) PE protection parallel steel heading anchor fire and sudden impact. The main factors are cable body cable protection damage and steel cable rust. 69 of 74 bridges Parallel steel cable-stayed system is hot galvanized have replaced cables due to PE damage and steel wire rust, epoxy coating (or just epoxy coating) steel wire + both accounting for 93.2% of the surveyed bridges. ends heading anchor + hot extrusion PE protection system. The development of cable protection system in China After hot galvanizing or epoxy coating, the steel wire is can be roughly divided into three stages: wrapping twisted slightly for 2゜～4゜ by special equipment, then protection with glass wool cloth, grouting protection with wrapped with high strength polyester tape and hot cement slurry (or butter) in casing and hot extrusion PE extruded with HDPE casing. After cutting the cable protection. In 1988, hot extrusion PE protection was according to the required length, PE and polyester successfully applied to Jiujiang Bridge in Guangdong wrapping tape are peeled off at the end, and the steel wire Province. After that, this new cable protection system was is upsetted after passing through the corresponding hole of adopted by almost all of the cables for bridges. the anchor ring. The upsetting anchor structure and real The region of bridges which have replaced cables is object are shown in Figure 1. mainly concentrated in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangdong, There is a section of steel wire exposed at the end of Guangxi and Zhejiang, totaling 48 bridges, accounting for the cable. The exposed steel wire is the key point of the 65% of the total number of bridges surveyed. The main rust of the cable, which is protected by grouting cement reason is that the climate in these areas is hot and humid, slurry or butter or nothing. It is easy for the steel wire to 2 E3S Web of Conferences 136, 04029 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/2019136040 29 ICBTE 2019 rust after water ingress. The typical pictures of exposed were built in the 1990s. At present, there are still some steel wire rust are shown in Figure 2 . Ten of the bridges bridges in operation, which have great potential safety surveyed have adopted this system, with an average hazards. It is suggested that they should be replaced in service life of 10.7 years, which is lower than the average time. service life of cable. Most of the cable bodies of this type Figure 1. The upsetting anchor structure and real object Figure 2. The exposed steel wire in upper and lower casing (2) PE protection parallel steel cold (hot) cast plate, and then mixed fillers such as epoxy resin iron shot heading anchor cable are poured in section in the anchor cup and connecting This cable system is basically similar to (1). The cylinder. The cold (hot) cast heading anchor structure and difference lies in the anchoring device at both ends. For real object are shown in Figure 3. the parallel cable system, after cutting the material Compared with heading anchor system cable, cold (hot) according to the required length, at the anchoring part, PE cast heading anchor cable is fully sealed. As long as the and polyester wrapping tape at the end are peeled off first, sealing is not failed, water is difficult to enter. This kind then the steel wire bundle is inserted into the anchor cup. of cable body is the most widely used at present. After The steel wire tail upset is anchored on the back-anchor years of use, it shows better durability. 3 E3S Web of Conferences 136, 04029 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/2019136040 29 ICBTE 2019 Figure 3. The structure and real object of cold (hot) cast heading anchor (3) High-strength steel strand cable wrapped with high-strength steel strand cable wrapped with steel pipe steel pipe grouted with cement slurry grouted with cement slurry.
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