DOCSLIB.ORG

China Agenda for Water Sector Strategy for North China Public Disclosure Authorized Summary Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
China Agenda for Water Sector Strategy for North China Public Disclosure Authorized Summary Report Report No. 22040-CHA China Agenda for Water Sector Strategy for North China Public Disclosure Authorized Summary Report May 9, 2002 Rural Development and Natural Resources Unit East Asia and Pacific Region Public Disclosure Authorized u Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document of the World Bank CURRENCY EQUIVALENT (As of January 1, 2002) Currency Unit = Yuan (Y) US$1.00 = Y 8.3 Y 1.00 = US$0.12 FISCAL YEAR January I - December 31 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES Metric System ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 3-H Hai, Huai and Yellow River Basins mg milligram 3-HMS 3-H Modeling System MR Main Report (Volume 2) AAD Accumulated Annual Damage mu Chinese unit for area (I ha = 15 mu) ARI Average Recurrence Interval MWR Ministry of Water Resources AusAID Australian Agency for International NIHWR Nanjing Institute of Hydrology and Water Development Resources Bcm Billion Cubic Meters O&M Operation and Maintenance BOD Biological Oxygen Demand P25 25 percent probability of flow BOT Build-Operate-Transfer P50 50 percent probability of flow BWUs Beneficial Water Uses P75 75 percent probability of flow CAD Comprehensive Agricultural Development P95 95 percent probability of flow Class (I-V) Water quality class PPI Private Sector Participation in Infrastructure COD Combined Oxygen Demand RBCM River Basin Commission CRAES Chinese Research Academy for RBCN River Basin Council Environmental Science RSFS Rapid Sand Filtration System DC Developing Country SDPC State Development Planning Commission EPB Environmental Protection Bureau SEPA State Environmental Protection FPF Fisheries, Pasture, Forestry Administration GDB Groundwater Database SIDD Self-Financing Irrigation and Drainage GDP Gross Domestic Product District GIWP General Institute of Water Resources and S-N South-North Transfer, Eastern and Middle Hydropower Planning and Design Route GMA Groundwater Management Area S-N-E South-North Transfer, Eastern Route GMP Groundwater Management Plan SOCAD State Office of Comprehensive Agricultural GMU Groundwater Management Unit Development GW Groundwater SOE State-Owned Enterprise ha Hectare SY Sustainable Yield IC Industrialized Country TDS Total Dissolved Solids ID Irrigation District TVE Township and Village Enterprise IPPDI Irrigation and Power Planning Design WB World Bank Institute WLS Working Level Standard IWHR Institute of Water and Hydropower Research WPM-DSS Water Pollution Management Decision km Kilometer Support System I liter WRB Water Resources Bureau LIS Large Irrigation Scheme WSC Water Supply Company m meter WTO World Trade Organization m3 Cubic Meter WUA Water User Association Mcm Million Cubic Meters WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant Vice President Jemal-ud-din Kassum, EAP Country Director Yukon Huang, EACCF Sector Director Mark D. Wilson, EASRD Task Manager Daniel J. Gunaratnam, Consultant Preface ..................................................................... v Acknowledgments ..................................................................... vi Executive Summary ..................................................................... vii i. imJKVOUC IU% L LVI .................................................................................................... ; A. The Purpose of the Study .................................................................... 1 B. Ilie % ral Study Co.nclusionU ..................................................................... I C. The Study Work Program .................................................................... 2 LD. VLllUUlUyan UIIU UULLUI VI oIf .XhJ L .................................................................... 2 E. Focus on the 3-H Basins .................................................................... 7 2. THE CHANGING ECONOMY AND SOCIETY AFFECTING THE WATER SECTOR ......... 8 A . Tntroduction ..................................................................... B. Background on the Economy .................................................................... 8 C. BackgrAlundr~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. on Socil2 Trpntlc Affecting W.atr Resources.9BakronooSoia Trnd. ^ErigWtrRsl............................................................... D. The Future Economy in the 3-H Basins .................................................................... 10 FP Titiirp-SRnriAl Trp-nd. I' F. ...9 Soc-ia! ............................................................................................. 1 3. WATER RESOURCES AND ISSUES ............................ ............. ,.. 14 A. Introduction ........................................ 14 B. Water Resources and Withdrawals ........................................ 14 C. Floods and Flood Control in China ........................................ 18 D. Current Flood Control in China ........................................ 19 E. Water for Agriculture ........................................ 21 F. Water Pollution ......................................... 24 G. Depleted Groundwater Resources ......................................... 32 H. Present Situation on Water Sector Management ......................................... 35 I. Investment in the Water Sector and Private Sector Participation ............................................... 36 4. SUFFICIENT WATER FOR ALL .................................................... 39 A. Introduction ................................................... 39 B. Water Demand Projections ................................................... 39 C. Water Supply Projections ................................................... 44 D. Water Balances in the Future ................................................... 47 E. Economic Value of Water and of Water Shortages ....................... ............................ 51 F. Action Plan for Balancing Supply and Demand ................................................... 54 5. FLOODS AND FLOOD D AMAGE....................................................... 59 A. Introduction ................................................... 59 B. Summary of the Current Flood Control Strategy ................................................... 59 C. Level of Protection (Flood Standard) ................................................... 59 D. Appropriate Standards for Food Protection ................................................... 60 E. Development of Flood Protection Methodology .................................................... 61 F. Action Plan for Flood Control ................................................... 63 -e&vv ITY1UIYyW"5 101% Y.IfTb A T YTe U. saUrrlLD rV%JW rvIJLt%LJlS ............................................................................... ,,,.....,,,,,,,.,........,,.,., 0;f A. Introduction ................................ 65 LB. ImpliCabouIoa uI ss v ater andU LaTU .^n................................ U6 - ii- C. Implications of WTO Accession .......................................................... 66 D. Implications for Food Security .......................................................... 68 E. Irrigation with Improved Institutions and Water-Saving Measures .......................................... 69 F. Agricultural Action Plan .......................................................... 75 7. CLEAN WATER FOR ALL .......................................................... 77 A. Introduction .......................................................... 77 B. Current Water Pollution Control in 3-H Basins .......................................................... 77 C. The Need for Modeling with a knowledge-Based System ........................................................ 80 D. Action Plan Prioritization .......................................................... 81 E. Projected load generations under the."business as usual" scenario ...................... .................... 81 F. Options for Additional Pollution Loads Reductioris .......................................................... 84 *G.Coastal Zone Water Quality .......................................................... 89 H. Cost of Government Program (Base Case) and Action Plan (Program 3)................................ 94 8. WASTEWATER REUSE .......................................................... 99 A. Introduction .......................................................... 99 B. Situation in China and the 3-H Basins .......................................................... 100 C. Potential Wastewater Reuse Applications .................... ...................................... 101 D. Regulations for Reuse .......................................................... 103 9. GROUNDWATER .......................................................... 105 A: Introduction .......................................................... 105 B. Action Plan for Competent Groundwater Management .......................................................... 105 C. Action Plan for Wastewater Reuse ...................................-.--.--.-.------------------.----.--.----.----------. 107 10. INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT .110 A. Introduction .110 B. Water Resource Management in China .110 C. Basic Institutional Issues .................................................. 110 D. Water Supply Allocations .................................................. 111 E. Basin Management Functions of River Basin Councils .................................................. 113 F. Groundwater Management .................................................. 113 G. Regulation and Enforcement .................................................. 113 H. Environmental Standards for Water Quality .............. ...................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dissertation Section 1
    Elegies for Empire The Poetics of Memory in the Late Work of Du Fu (712-770) Gregory M. Patterson Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 ! 2013 Gregory M. Patterson All rights reserved ABSTRACT Elegies for Empire: The Poetics of Memory in the Late Work of Du Fu (712-770) Gregory M. Patterson This dissertation explores highly influential constructions of the past at a key turning point in Chinese history by mapping out what I term a poetics of memory in the more than four hundred poems written by Du Fu !" (712-770) during his two-year stay in the remote town of Kuizhou (modern Fengjie County #$%). A survivor of the catastrophic An Lushan rebellion (756-763), which transformed Tang Dynasty (618-906) politics and culture, Du Fu was among the first to write in the twilight of the Chinese medieval period. His most prescient anticipation of mid-Tang concerns was his restless preoccupation with memory and its mediations, which drove his prolific output in Kuizhou. For Du Fu, memory held the promise of salvaging and creatively reimagining personal, social, and cultural identities under conditions of displacement and sweeping social change. The poetics of his late work is characterized by an acute attentiveness to the material supports—monuments, rituals, images, and texts—that enabled and structured connections to the past. The organization of the study attempts to capture the range of Du Fu’s engagement with memory’s frameworks and media. It begins by examining commemorative poems that read Kuizhou’s historical memory in local landmarks, decoding and rhetorically emulating great deeds of classical exemplars.
    [Show full text]
  • Beijing Essence Tour 【Tour Code:OBD4(Wed./Fri./Sun.) 、OBD5(Tues./Thur./Sun.)】
    Beijing Essence Tour 【Tour Code:OBD4(Wed./Fri./Sun.) 、OBD5(Tues./Thur./Sun.)】 【OBD】Beijing Essence Tour Price List US $ per person Itinerary 1: Beijing 3N4D Tour Itinerary 2: Beijing 4N5D Tour Tour Fare Itinerary 1 3N4D Itinerary 2 4N5D O Level A Level B Level A Level B B OBD4A OBD4B OBD5A OBD5B D Valid Date WED/FRI WED/FRI/SUN TUE/THU TUE/THU/SUN 2011.3.1-2011.8.31 208 178 238 198 Beijing 2011.9.1-2011. 11.30 218 188 258 208 2011.12.1-2012. 2.29 188 168 218 188 Single Room Supp. 160 130 200 150 Tips 32 32 40 40 1) Price excludes tips. The tips are for tour guide, driver and bell boys in hotel. Children should pay as much as adults. 2) Specified items(self-financed): Remarks Beijing/Kung Fu Show (US $28/P); [Half price (no seat) for child below 1.0m; full price for child over 1.0m. Only one child without seat is allowed for two adults.] 3) Total Fare: tour fare + specified self-financed fee(US $28/P) The price is based on adults; the price for children can be found on Page 87 Detailed Start Dates (The Local Date in China) Date Every Tues. Every Wed. Every Thur. Every Fri. Every Sun. Month OBD5A/5B OBD4A/4B OBD5A/5B OBD4A/4B OBD4B/OBD5B 2011. 3. 01, 08, 15, 22, 29 02, 09, 16, 23, 30 03, 10, 17, 24, 31 04, 11, 18, 25 06, 13, 20, 27 2011. 4. 05, 12, 19, 26 06, 13, 20, 27 07, 14, 21, 28 01, 08, 15, 22, 29 03, 10, 17, 24 Tour Highlights Tour Code：OBD4A/B Wall】 of China.
    [Show full text]
  • Download File
    On the Periphery of a Great “Empire”: Secondary Formation of States and Their Material Basis in the Shandong Peninsula during the Late Bronze Age, ca. 1000-500 B.C.E Minna Wu Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMIBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 @2013 Minna Wu All rights reserved ABSTRACT On the Periphery of a Great “Empire”: Secondary Formation of States and Their Material Basis in the Shandong Peninsula during the Late Bronze-Age, ca. 1000-500 B.C.E. Minna Wu The Shandong region has been of considerable interest to the study of ancient China due to its location in the eastern periphery of the central culture. For the Western Zhou state, Shandong was the “Far East” and it was a vast region of diverse landscape and complex cultural traditions during the Late Bronze-Age (1000-500 BCE). In this research, the developmental trajectories of three different types of secondary states are examined. The first type is the regional states established by the Zhou court; the second type is the indigenous Non-Zhou states with Dong Yi origins; the third type is the states that may have been formerly Shang polities and accepted Zhou rule after the Zhou conquest of Shang. On the one hand, this dissertation examines the dynamic social and cultural process in the eastern periphery in relation to the expansion and colonization of the Western Zhou state; on the other hand, it emphasizes the agency of the periphery during the formation of secondary states by examining how the polities in the periphery responded to the advances of the Western Zhou state and how local traditions impacted the composition of the local material assemblage which lay the foundation for the future prosperity of the regional culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Zhang Jian's Project Harnessing the Hwai River
    Harnessing the Huai River Planned by Zhang Jian And the American Red Cross by QIAN Jian (Yulizi)① (Faculty of Liberal Arts, University of Nantong, Jiangsu, China. Postcode 226007) Abstract from p.1; Preface from p.2; Part one from p.3; Part two from p.6; Part three from p.11; Part four from p.14; Part five from p.19; Epilogue from p.22. Abstract： Flood out of the Huai River has yet not been completely forestalled, the terrible disaster happened frequently for several hundred years. Zhang Jian, who called for the harness of the Huai River as early as in 1887, set up the Department of Survey and Draw inside the Tungchow Teachers School in 1905. He was appointed Participating-Officer General of the Preparing Bureau of Releasing Huai next year. In 1909, he founded the Company of Water Conservancy Facilities along the Yangtze and Huai Rivers. In 1911, he established further the Bureau of Conservancy and Survey in the Yangtze and Huai Rivers and started formally the survey and plan of harness of the Huai River. In the same year, when the Huai River brought up a flood while the American Red Cross tried to relieve the people during the disaster and assigned an engineer to make survey at the same time and drew up a project for dredging up the Huai River. It was thought to be the beginning of the American Red Cross involving in the ① QIAN Jian, 钱健，号和笔名为羽离子，male, 1954 - , penname Yulizi, Vice- Professor at Faculty of Liberal Arts, University of Nantong, China.
    [Show full text]
  • Coal, Water, and Grasslands in the Three Norths
    Coal, Water, and Grasslands in the Three Norths August 2019 The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH a non-profit, federally owned enterprise, implementing international cooperation projects and measures in the field of sustainable development on behalf of the German Government, as well as other national and international clients. The German Energy Transition Expertise for China Project, which is funded and commissioned by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi), supports the sustainable development of the Chinese energy sector by transferring knowledge and experiences of German energy transition (Energiewende) experts to its partner organisation in China: the China National Renewable Energy Centre (CNREC), a Chinese think tank for advising the National Energy Administration (NEA) on renewable energy policies and the general process of energy transition. CNREC is a part of Energy Research Institute (ERI) of National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC). Contact: Anders Hove Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH China Tayuan Diplomatic Office Building 1-15-1 No. 14, Liangmahe Nanlu, Chaoyang District Beijing 100600 PRC [email protected] www.giz.de/china Table of Contents Executive summary 1 1. The Three Norths region features high water-stress, high coal use, and abundant grasslands 3 1.1 The Three Norths is China’s main base for coal production, coal power and coal chemicals 3 1.2 The Three Norths faces high water stress 6 1.3 Water consumption of the coal industry and irrigation of grassland relatively low 7 1.4 Grassland area and productivity showed several trends during 1980-2015 9 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Conserving Ecosystems of Inland Water Bodies in Central Asia and the South Caucasus
    Implementing the UN Millenium Development Goals in Central Asia and the South Caucasus: Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability Conserving Ecosystems of Inland Water Bodies in Central Asia and the South Caucasus This report was prepared with financial and technical support from GWP CACENA, the Government of Finland, EC, and IUCN Almaty - Tashkent, 2006 1 Conserving Ecosystems of Inland Water Bodies in Central Asia and the South Caucasus (Part 1 – English) Editorial panel: B.K. Yessekin, M.J. Burlibaev, V.P. Bogachev, E.A. Kreuzberg, and V.V. Sadomsky, V.I. Sokolov Authors of the National Reports: Azerbaijan: M. Asadov and M. Adigezalova Armenia: E. Pirumyan Georgia: T. Cholokava, M. Makarova, and G. Dzamukashvili Kazakhstan: K. Duskaev Kyrgyzstan: A. Jaloobaev Tajikistan: Ya. Pulatov. Turkmenistan: P. Esenov and U. Saparov Uzbekistan: N. Gorelkin, E. Kurbanbaev, and A. Kreuzberg. Translation into English: N.I. Goroshkov © The Central Asian Regional Ecological Center. Almaty, 2006 © Global Water Partnership for Central Asia and Coucasus. Tashkent, 2006 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS (English Part) INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................8 PART I. THE REGIONAL ANALYSIS ....................................................................................8 1.1. General Information on Sub-Region............................................................................8 1.2. The Current Status of Aquatic and Water-Related Ecosystems in the Subregion.......................................................................................................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • Download Article (PDF)
    Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 80 International Conference on Education, Culture and Social Development (ICECSD 2017) Path to Promote Tourism Competitiveness of Traditional Villages in the Mountain Area of Central Shandong Province Lu Haiyong, Hu Haiyan, Miao Lei and Zhou Bo College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Based on field investigation, the thesis analyzed the characteristics of traditional village tourism resources and existing problems in traditional village tourism in the mountain area of central Shandong Province, and summarized paths to promote tourism competitiveness of traditional village from aspects such as local culture, infrastructure, industry management, featured products, and traditional handicrafts. Key words: Traditional Village; Tourism; Competitiveness; Promote Located in the middle of Shandong Province, mountain area of central Shandong Province covers an area of about 65,000 kilometers and takes Mount Tai, Mount Lu, Mount Yi, Mount Meng, and Mount Culai as its main body, the surrounding low mountains and hills and the transition zone extends to plain included, serving as the highest terrain in Shandong Province [1]. It is generally believed that “it starts with Xiaoqing River and Lubei plain in the north, boarders on hilly areas of Eastern Shandong in the east along the Wei River and Shu River, extends to Mount Ni and Mount Meng in the south, and is adjacent to Luxi Plain with Dongping Lake and Nansi Lake in the west, mainly including Ji'nan, Tai'an, Laiwu, Zibo, Linyi, Weifang, etc.”. More than three fourths of the mountainous region of the province concentrates here in semicircle shape.
    [Show full text]
  • Download This Article in PDF Format
    E3S Web of Conferences 136, 04029 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/2019136040 29 ICBTE 2019 Durability Evaluation and Rational Durability Analysis of Cables for Bridges in China Sun Xiaohong1 1Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport, Beijing, 100088, China Abstract. The cable bridges have developed in leaps and bounds in China. With the increase of service time, the diseases affecting the durability and safety of structures have also been exposed, and cables for some bridges have to be replaced in advance. Based on the investigation of the bridges which have replaced cables in our country, this paper analyses the durability of the cables for bridges and the rational durability of the common cables system in our country, so as to provide reference for the selection, application and maintenance management of the cables for bridges. Supported by the Scientific and Technological Project 1 Introduction of Zhejiang Highway Administration, the research team has carried out the investigation of 74 cable bridges in Cables for bridges (including stay-cables of cable-stayed China, including 34 cable-stayed bridges (Table 1) and 40 bridges, suspenders of half-through and through arch suspension arch bridges (Table 2). On the basis of bridges, etc.) are the main bearing components of cable investigating the structure form, damage characteristics bridges. They are generally arranged outside the girder and replacement time of the cables of bridges, the paper and are in a high-stress state. The cables are sensitive to summarizes the damage characteristics and average external damage. With the increase of served time, rust, service life of the cables of bridges in use in China, and wire breakage and other damage are gradually exposed in analyses the durability of the cables and the rational actual operation.
    [Show full text]
  • Annotated Catalogue of the Tachinidae (Insecta: Diptera) of China
    Zootaxa 2190: 1–236 (2009) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2009 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) ZOOTAXA 2190 ANNOTATED CATALOGUE OF THE TACHINIDAE (INSECTA: DIPTERA) OF CHINA JAMES E. O’HARA1, HIROSHI SHIMA2 & CHUNTIAN ZHANG3 1 Invertebrate Biodiversity, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0C6. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Kyushu University Museum, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Liaoning Key Laboratory of Evolution and Biodiversity, Shenyang Normal University, 253 North Huanghe Street, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning, P.R. China. E-mail: [email protected] Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by N. Evenhuis: 22 May 2009; published: 6 Aug. 2009 JAMES E. O’HARA, HIROSHI SHIMA & CHUNTIAN ZHANG Annotated Catalogue of the Tachinidae (Insecta: Diptera) of China (Zootaxa 2190) 236 pp.; 30 cm. 6 Aug. 2009 ISBN 978-1-86977-391-5 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-86977-392-2 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2009 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2009 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use.
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Evaluation of Microblade Industries and the 3 Fenghuangling Cultural Complex in Shandong Peninsula, Northern China
    RE-EVALUATION OF MICROBLADE INDUSTRIES AND THE 3 FENGHUANGLING CULTURAL COMPLEX IN SHANDONG PENINSULA, NORTHERN CHINA Chen.Shen IntrodUctIon The.significance.of.studying.microblade.technol- were.primarily.associated.with.Neolithic.materi- ogy.in.northern.China.lies.in.the.interrelationship. als.in.northern.China.(Liang.1959a,.1959b)..Not. of.Late.Pleistocene.hunter-gatherers.in.northeast- until.the.1970s.were.microblade.materials.from. ern.Asia.and.northwestern.America..Microblade. Late.Pleistocene.deposits.recognized.in.northern. technology. is. considered. to. be. of. compelling. China.(Jia.et al..1972;.Gai.1985)..Over.the.last. evidence. for. the. peopling. of. the. New. World. four.decades,.archaeological.sites.with.micro- (West. 1996a;. Madsen. 2004).. From. a. regional. blade.assemblages.were.identified.in.most.parts.of. perspective,. the. microblade. technique. reveals. China,.concentrated.in.three.macro-regions:.cen- technological.innovation.or.diffusion.that. illus- tral-northern.China,.the.northeastern.and.northern. trates. the. development. of. human. adaptation. in. steppe,.and.southern.and.southwestern.China.(for. these. cultural. regions.. However,. where. exactly. syntheses,.see.An.2000;.Chen.1984;.Gai.1985;. this.particular.technology.of.making.composite. Lu.1998)..A.general.survey.of.some.of.these.dis- hunting. tools. originated. in. northeastern.Asia. is. coveries.is.offered.by.Chen.Chun.in.this.volume.. still. open. to. question.. Vast. data. of. microblade. Research.on.microblade.assemblages.with.a. assemblages. have. been. accumulated. over. the. Late.Pleistocene.archaeological.context.did.not. past. decades. in. northeastern. Asia.. These. may. start.until.the.late.1970s,.when.the.Xiachuan.site. allow. us. to. understand. technological. variabil- of.southern.Shanxi.Province.and.the.Hutouliang. ity.during.the.Late.Pleistocene.in.these.regions,.
    [Show full text]
  • Characteristics, Sources and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Ganjiang River Basin, China
    Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 29, No. 2 (2020), 1849-1868 DOI: 10.15244/pjoes/109846 ONLINE PUBLICATION DATE: 2020-01-08 Original Research Characteristics, Sources and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Ganjiang River Basin, China Wang Shu1, 2, Peng Wang1, 2*, Jun Zhao1, 2, Xiaofang Yu1, 2, Qiyu Xu1, 2 1School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China 2Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China Received: 17 February 2019 Accepted: 4 June 2019 Abstract Heavy metal pollution is one of the important threats to river water quality and human health. Here, we collected surface water samples from the mainstream and tributaries in the Ganjiang River basin in January and July, 2015, in order to delineate the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals, identify their sources, and assess their potential risk. Compared with China’s environmental quality standards for drinking water, our results revealed that 5 heavy metals, including Fe, Al, As, Mn and Tl, exceeded the standard values and the over-standard rates were 21.62%, 16.22%, 8.11%, 4.05% and 4.05%, respectively. The concentrations of hydrochemical ions and heavy metals exhibited significant seasonal variation and spatial heterogeneity. Multivariate statistical approaches indicated that intense anthropogenic activities (mining industries and agricultural activities) were the most important sources of heavy metals in the Ganjiang River, and the upstream of the Ganjiang (in southern Jiangxi Province) and the Yuan River were the regions with the most serious pollution. Assessming health risk using the hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR) recommended by the USEPA showed that children were more susceptible to the health risk than adults, and As was the most largest contributor leading to non- carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk to human health.
    [Show full text]
  • Past Experience and Future Challenges Cooperation in Shared Water Resources in Central Asia
    Cooperation in Shared Water Resources in Central Asia1212 S E R I S E R I S E R I S E R I S E R I Past Experience and Future Challenges Cooperation in Shared Water Resources in Central Asia Cooperation in Shared Water Resources in Central Asia Past Experience and Future Challenges Cooperation in Shared Water Resources in Central Asia Papers Presented at an Asian Development Bank Workshop in Almaty, Kazakhstan, 26–28 September 2002 Compiled and edited by T. Bayarsaihan and D. McKinney © Asian Development Bank 2004 All rights reserved The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this document do not necessarily represent the views of ADB or the views of its member governments. This working document was prepared for the 3rd World Water Forum held in Kyoto, Shiga, and Osaka, Japan, 16-23 March 2003. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in the publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Abbreviations ADB Asian Development Bank BVO river basin organization CAR Central Asian republic CEMAGREF Institut de Recherche pour L’ingénierie de L’agriculture et de L’environnement (Public Agricultural and Environmental Research Institute) CH Center of Hydro Research CIDA Canadian International Development Agency ECAFE Economic Commission for Asia and Far East EC IFAS Executive Committee of IFAS EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization GEF Global Environment Facility GWP Global Water Partnership HEPS hydroelectric power station ICAS Interstate Council on the Aral Sea ICARDA
    [Show full text]