Living with Climate Change Induced Disaster: a Case Study on Joypurhat District
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Reprint ISSN 1994-1978 (Web Version) Journal of Soil and Nature (JSN) (J. Soil Nature) Volume: 8 Issue: 3 November 2015 J. Soil Nature 8(3): 14-20 (November 2015) THE ROLE OF WORLD VISION IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN BANGLADESH S. BEGUM, G. MARAK AND M.M.A. MAJUMDER An International Scientific Research Publisher © Green Global Foundation Web address: http://ggfjournals.com/e -journals archive E - mails: [email protected] and [email protected] ISSN-1994-1978 (Online) J. Soil Nature 8(3):14-20(November 2015) THE ROLE OF WORLD VISION IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN BANGLADESH S. BEGUM1*, G. MARAK2 AND M.M.A. MAJUMDER3 1Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, 2National Adviser, Humanitarian and Emergency Affairs, World Vision Bangladesh and 3Senior Assistant Secretary, Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief, Bangladesh Secretariat, Dhaka. *Corresponding author & address: Dr. Salma Begum, E-mail: [email protected] Accepted for publication on 25 October 2015 ABSTRACT Begum S, Marak G, Majumder MMA (2015) The role of world vision in disaster management in Bangladesh. J. Soil Nature 8(3), 14-20. The purpose of this study is to identify the types of natural disaster and their management in Joypurhat Sadar Upazila. The data was collected from December 2013 to February 2014. A survey was conducted with a sample of 1200 households. A structured questionnaire was used for the purpose of data collection through a two-stage cluster sampling design. In addition, the qualitative data collection methods for this study include the review of various documents of World Vision, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). In Joypurhat Sadar Upazila, the most severe catastrophe is the cold wave (63.4%) and drought (63.0%) which has an adverse effect on the livelihood of the community people. In Joypurhat Sadar Upazila, 47.2% household members replied that there is no disaster management system. This study also depicts that, only 46.1% household members are informed about the advance warning system of the natural disasters like flood, drought, severe cold and cyclone. So government should take various initiatives and programs to increase the awareness level of the community people on the natural disaster and provide disaster preparedness training. Besides, the role of the communication media in the management of natural disasters needs to be ensured. Key words: World Vision Bangladesh, natural disaster, disaster management INTRODUCTION For the last few years, due to the climate change effects across the world, natural disasters have been rising alarmingly and this issue encompasses great challenges to the livelihood of the human being. The intensity and frequency of natural disasters have been rising considerably worldwide. The greenhouse gases are the resultant of burning fossil fuels whose abatement is difficult and gradual increase of these gases has long term effect on the weather of the earth (FAO 2008). According to IPCC (2007), climate change is happening and is the biggest threat ever faced by the human community”. It was envisaged in the late 1990s that global climatic change could exacerbate some of the physical consequences of natural hazards (Warrick and Ahmad, 1996). The Third Assessment Report of IPCC stated that South Asia is the most vulnerable region of the world to climate change impacts (Mc Carthy et al. 2001). The international community also recognizes that Bangladesh ranks high in the list of most vulnerable countries on earth (Ahmed 2006). The case of Bangladesh is unique in the sense that: unlike other vulnerable island countries, the country will eventually face the multidimensional manifestations of climate change (e.g. flood, cyclone, sea level rise, drainage congestion, salinity, drought etc (World Bank 2000). Due to the geographical location and geomorphologic conditions, Bangladesh is one of the most disaster prone countries in the world. Many researchers (Ahmed and Haque, 2002; Ahmed 2006) have identified a number of hydro-geological and socio-economic factors responsible for Bangladesh’s high vulnerability of climate variability and natural disaster which includes (1) its geographical location in South Asia, (2) its flat deltaic topography with very low elevation, (3) its extreme climatic variability that is governed by monsoon and which results in acute, (4) water distribution over space and time, (5) its high population density and poverty incidence, and (6) the majority of the population being dependent upon crop agriculture. Besides, the recorded impacts of climate change along with other environmental and geomorphologic changes make more concerns over food security especially, for the poor and marginal population (Gregory and Ingram, 2000; Parry et al. 2001; Rosegrant and Cline, 2003). On the other hand, Pervin (2013) stated that the adverse effects of climate change especially high temperature, sea-level rise, is increasing frighteningly and it is considered as one of the most serious threats to the preservation of the environment and to sustainable development. It is, therefore, the highest priority to understand the vulnerability of the natural disaster in terms of the sustainable development. No one can guess about the impending natural hazards and its effects but from the past experiences of many countries, we can learn a lot about the devastating effects of natural disaster at the many levels of society. Various research reports suggest that early warning system can be the most effective means of reducing the damage of natural disaster. Tapscott (1993) stated that early warning must “warn” and be “early” and the arrangement of early warning system must conform without any delay. Walker (1989) also highlighted four main aspects of an efficient early warning system like (i) detecting, evaluating and predicting a hazard, (ii) constructing a forecast or warning message, (iii) spreading the warning message, and (iv) creating appropriate preparedness and mitigating responses. Mainly, early warning system could be a helpful way to save the lives of the vulnerable communities. Disaster Risk Management (DRM) is also a very well-known paradigm in recent times. It aims to reduce disaster- related risks, death, injury and adverse impact on livelihood strategy. According to United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (2009), Disaster risk management aims to avoid, lessen or transfer the adverse effects of hazards through activities and measures for prevention, mitigation and preparedness. The major elements of disaster risk management are risk assessment; prevention; 14 J. Soil Nature 8(3): November 2015 Copyright© 2015 Green Global Foundation www.ggfjournals.com Begum et al. mitigation; preparedness; early warning; evacuation; saving people and livelihoods; immediate assistance; assessing damage and loss (Ramamasy and Baas, 2007). In Bangladesh, at the national and sub-national level, the main disaster management related policies, programs and committees are National Disaster Management council (NDMC), Inter-Ministerial Disaster Management Coordination Committee (IMDMCC), National Disaster Management Advisory Committee (NDMAC), Cyclone Preparedness Program Implementation Board (CPPIB), Disaster Management Training and Public Awareness Building Task Force (DMTATF), District Disaster Management Committee (DDCM), Upazila Disaster Management Committee (UZDMC), Union Disaster Management Committee (UDMC), Pourashava Disaster management Committee (PDMC), City Corporation Disaster management Committee (CCDMC). National Disaster Management Council also endorsed the National Plan for Disaster Management (NPDM) in 2010-2015. In addition, Bangladesh Perspective Plan 2010-2021, Sixth Five Year Plan 2011-2015 and National Sustainable Development Strategy (NSDS) have also given emphasis to implement NPDM (Ministry of Food and Disaster Management, 2010). Besides, international development agencies such as UNDP, DFID, USAID and notable NGOs like the Grameen Bank, Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), CARE-Bangladesh, OXFAM-Bangladesh, Action Aid, Care International, Caritas Intermediate Technology Development Group-Bangladesh, Bangladesh Disaster Preparedness Center (BDPC) and Disaster Forum are particularly concerned in a variety of pre, during and post- disaster activities. In addition, Community Based Organizations (CBOs) are actively involved in the process of disaster management, and human rights protection. Around the world, World Vision works to protect the well- being of the people especially disaster victims groups. The Humanitarian Emergency Affairs (HEA) ministry of World Vision Bangladesh seeks its community resilience aims to reduce and mitigate through four strategic areas like effective emergency response; community resilience building; organizational resilience building; and quality, accountability and learning (World Vision Bangladesh, 2011). As a result, in the present study, we aimed to assess the management system of the natural disaster and the availability of advance information on the occurring of natural disaster by the World Vision Bangladesh at Joypurhat Sadar Upazila. METHODOLOGY Study area This survey was conducted in Joypurhat Sadar Upazila under Rajshahi division of Bangladesh. There are 146 villages, 76385 households and 14 Mohallas under one Municipality and 4 Unions namely Mohammadabad, Bhadsa, Dogachi and Dhalahar in Joypurhat Sadar Upazila. The total population in this Upazila is 2, 89,058 where the male are 1, 47,096