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Park Valley, Utah's Shivaree Tradition: a Rite of Social Acceptance

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Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 12-2013 Park Valley, Utah's Shivaree Tradition: A Rite of Social Acceptance Rosa Lee Thornley Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Thornley, Rosa Lee, "Park Valley, Utah's Shivaree Tradition: A Rite of Social Acceptance" (2013). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 1943. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1943 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PARK VALLEY, UTAH’S SHIVAREE TRADITION: A RITE OF SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE by Rosa Lee Thornley A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in American Studies (Folklore) Approved: Evelyn I. Funda John C. Allen Major Professor Committee Member Lynne Mcneill Mark R. McLellan Committee Member Vice President for Research and Dean of the School of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2013 ii Copyright © Rosa Thornley 2013 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Park Valley, Utah’s Shivaree Tradition: A Rite of Social Acceptance by Rosa Thornley, Master of Science Utah State University, 2013 Major Professor: Evelyn I. Funda Department: English (Folklore) The marriage custom of charivari/shivaree evolved from a punitive form of social control in Europe and Great Britain, to a raucous American celebration that welcomed newlyweds into a community. The isolated ranching community of Park Valley, Utah performed their own unique version of shivaree. This investigation of their ritualized tradition began with a review of the cultural landscape combined with the contemporary rural society that forms a community-clan who descends from six pioneer families. The existing community outlived mining and railroad towns that originally populated the area. The surviving Mormon culture is reflected in the value and belief structure of its people and, therefore, their social activities. This context built a foundation for interpreting the function of the community’s shivarees. Twenty-five primary interviews provided seven case studies, which structured the argument that their impromptu performances went beyond just offering a hand of welcome; their shivarees, performed after the formal marriage festivities, functioned as a complex rite of passage. Ritualized traditions like kidnapping the bride and groom, wearing crazy get-ups, and breaking bread together iv codified the relationships that bound their society together. In all cases, at least one member of the newly married couple was an insider of the community – they belonged to the community clan. The impromptu performance was organized using local resources as the newlyweds were moved from the sacred to secular sphere, creating a liminal period where social norms were tested, before the final rite of passage. Park Valley shivarees transitioned them into their new social position as contributing members of this insular society; it was an informal rite of acceptance. (166 pages) v PUBLIC ABSTRACT Park Valley, Utah’s Shivaree Tradition: A Rite of Social Acceptance Rosa Lee Thornley This investigation of the ritualized tradition of shivaree found in the isolated ranching community of Park Valley, Utah presents a unique version of the practice. The marriage custom of charivari/shivaree evolved from a punitive form of social control in Europe and Great Britain, to a raucous American celebration that welcomed newlyweds into a community. The cultural landscape combined with the contemporary rural society sets the backdrop to argue that Park Valley’s impromptu performances went beyond just offering a hand of welcome; their shivarees, performed after the formal marriage festivities, functioned as a complex rite of social acceptance. The analysis of twenty-five primary interviews offers a distinctive view of a rural American community-clan who descended from six pioneer families and how they interact with each other. The shivaree they performed offers a new function built from other historical examples found in Europe and America. vi DEDICATION For my family: Grandpa Rud Palmer, who maintained a love for the Park Valley landscape and lifestyle, and cultivated an attitude of respect for the same in his descendants. The community-clan of Park Valley, who embrace each other as a true family – most specifically those who validated my project; Uncle Lynn Palmer, Aunt Junelle Palmer Lind, and Shelly Kunzler. Todd for continuous encouragement through the hundreds of miles on the road and participation in hours of interviews; our kids, who embraced my obsession for the project; and Dad, the storyteller who prompted the idea. vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My journey through graduate school began when I met Dr. Evelyn Funda who introduced me to the American Studies/Folklore program. She remained by my side as a teacher, mentor, and the chairwoman of my thesis committee. The countless hours of brainstorming and revising each chapter together often produced laughter, productive stress, and a few happy tears that created a friendship that took me down new, unexplored paths to produce this work. Dr. John Allen, Dean of the College of Humanities and Social Sciences, entered my academic life as an instructor in rural sociology, and later returned to graciously contribute his encouragement and expertise in that discipline as another member of my committee. Members of the folklore faculty at Utah State University moved my project to a higher level. Dr. Steven Siporin gently nudged me to recognize and accept a unique opportunity to investigate the topic of shivaree when it presented itself. Dr. Lisa Gabbert handpicked literature for a directed study, and helped me view shivaree through the lens of carnival and festival. Lynn McNeill offered her support as the folklore member of my thesis committee, and recognized esoteric and exoteric factors that needed to be investigated. Dr. Jeannie Thomas helped build the basic foundation for me to enter the program. Randy Williams, Fife Folklore Archives Curator and oral history specialist, offered me experiences to record and interview through the Ranch Family Documentation Project. She also provided me with previously unpublished, recorded, and viii transcribed interviews of members of the Park Valley community that added breadth and depth to my own interviews. The Department of Women and Gender Studies granted funds to purchase recording and transcription equipment. Colleagues and fellow students kept their ears to the ground and shared obscure entries in literature, listservs, and their own family histories about shivarees. They showed interest and excitement with each new development. Bonnie Moore did all of this and more; she helped me prepare for interviews, served as a cheerleader, spent numerous hours reading drafts, offered support by attending my defense, and celebrated when we found common ground between our individual research interests. All contributed to my success, but most importantly exemplified how an academic community supports its members. Rosa Thornley ix CONTENTS ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... iii PUBLIC ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ v DEDICATION ................................................................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................ vii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY ........................................................ 1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 Methodology ............................................................................................... 9 Conclusion ................................................................................................ 23 2. HISTORICAL SURVEY OF CHARIVARI/SHIVAREE: A CULTURAL ARTIFACT.......................................................................................................... 29 3. “OUT HOME”: THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF PARK VALLEY, UTAH .................................................................................................................. 50 The Park Valley Community-clan ............................................................ 50 Boom and Bust .......................................................................................... 55 Consolidation of Community .................................................................... 72 Codification of Traditions ......................................................................... 80 4. PARK VALLEY SHIVAREE CASE STUDIES ................................................ 88 Depression Era: Rud and the School Marm .............................................. 88 “They Thought Enough of Us”: Jim and Shirley ...................................... 93 “They Thought Enough of Us”: Paul and Margaret ................................. 97 “They Thought Enough of Us”: Marvel and Junelle ................................ 99 “They Thought Enough of Us”: Frank and Bonnie ...............................
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