DOCSLIB.ORG

Probing Mechanobiological Role of Filamin a in Migration and Invasion

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Probing Mechanobiological Role of Filamin a in Migration and Invasion Ketebo et al. Nano Convergence (2021) 8:19 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40580-021-00267-6 FULL PAPER Open Access Probing mechanobiological role of flamin A in migration and invasion of human U87 glioblastoma cells using submicron soft pillars Abdurazak Aman Ketebo1, Chanyong Park1, Jaewon Kim1, Myeongjun Jun1 and Sungsu Park1,2,3,4* Abstract Filamin A (FLNa) belongs to an actin-binding protein family in binding and cross-linking actin flaments into a three- dimensional structure. However, little attention has been given to its mechanobiological role in cancer cells. Here, we quantitatively investigated the role of FLNa by analyzing the following parameters in negative control (NC) and FLNa- knockdown (KD) U87 glioma cells using submicron pillars (900 nm diameter and 2 μm height): traction force (TF), rigidity sensing ability, cell aspect ratio, migration speed, and invasiveness. During the initial phase of cell adhesion (< 1 h), FLNa-KD cells polarized more slowly than did NC cells, which can be explained by the loss of rigidity sensing in FLNa-KD cells. The higher motility of FLNa-KD cells relative to NC cells can be explained by the high TF exerted by FLNa-KD cells when compared to NC cells, while the higher invasiveness of FLNa-KD cells relative to NC cells can be explained by a greater number of flopodia in FLNa-KD cells than in NC cells. Our results suggest that FLNa plays important roles in suppressing motility and invasiveness of U87 cells. Keywords: Filamin A, Traction force, Rigidity sensing, Cell adhesion, Motility, Filopodia 1 Introduction and survive in ECM with variable stifness are largely Metastatic cells are highly motile and undergo cell mor- unknown. Understanding these mechanisms ultimately phology changes that facilitate penetration through the requires technology that can accurately quantify the TFs three-dimensional (3D) structures of the extracellular and rigidity sensing ability of cancer cells. matrix (ECM). During invasion, metastatic cells form thin TF microscopy that uses micron or submicron pil- cellular protrusions called flopodia [1, 2] in the direction lars [7–9] made of the elastomeric polymer polydi- of movement to form focal adhesions (FAs) [3]. Filopodia methylsiloxane (PDMS) can be used to quantify TFs and play an important role in cell migration by sensing and rigidity sensing of cells (Fig. 1). Tangential tension by a forming initial contact with ECM. Te primary function cell defects the pillar. Te degree of defection and the of FA is to transmit traction forces (TFs) through actin bending stifness of the pillar are used to quantify TFs flaments and attach cells to the ECM [4]. In addition, exerted by the cell [10]. Recent studies [11] showed that metastatic cells must be able to attach and survive in dif- cells sense the rigidity of ECM by producing local con- ferent or secondary sites with ECM of variable stifness tractions through actin-myosin interactions. Tese local [5, 6]. However, the physical mechanisms by which meta- contractions can be detected by observing the defection static cancer cells move through 3D structures of ECM of two neighboring pillars towards each other (Fig. 1A). TF microscopy showed that cancerous cells generated higher TFs than non-cancerous cells [12]. However, it has *Correspondence: [email protected] not been determined whether mutations in cancer cells 4 School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, 16419 Suwon, Korea that increase metastasis, motility and invasion can also Full list of author information is available at the end of the article increase TFs. © The Author(s) 2021. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http:// creat iveco mmons. org/ licen ses/ by/4. 0/. Ketebo et al. Nano Convergence (2021) 8:19 Page 2 of 9 Fig. 1 A Schematic describing traction forces (TFs) and rigidity sensing in a cell. F, D, L and E represent TF, the diameter, length, and Young’s modulus of PDMS, respectively. ∆x; the displacement of the pillar. B Schematic and AFM (2D and 3D) topographical images of the pillar arrays. The AFM image of the pillar array was taken in ambient conditions in a contact mode. It shows that the diameter of pillars and center-to-center (c-t-c) distance between pillars are 900 nm and 1.8 μm respectively Filamin A (FLNa) is a V-shaped actin-binding protein that mechanobiological results can be used as biomarkers that is abundantly expressed in human cells (Fig. 1A). for cancer metastasis. It binds and cross-links cortical actin flaments into a 3D structure [13] and mediates the conversion of 2 Experimental mechanical forces into biochemical signals [14]. It also 2.1 Cell culture and transfection links integrins to the actin flaments [15, 16]. Tus, it Te Uppsala 87 malignant glioma (U87) cell line was pur- integrates the cellular architecture and signaling that chased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, are essential for cell locomotion and development Manassas, VA). Cells were incubated in Gibco 1× mini- [17]. FLNa expression or suppression may facilitate mum essential medium (Termo Fisher Scientifc) con- or inhibit cancer invasion depending on the cell type, taining 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco®, Termo FLNa expression levels, and FLNa’s interactions with Fisher Scientifc) and 100 units/ml penicillin (Sigma- other proteins. For example, the migration speed of Aldrich) under humid conditions at 37˚C in 5 % CO2. FLNa-defcient melanoma and breast cancer cells were Cells were transfected with either AccuTarget™ FLNa signifcantly lower than wild type cells [18]. In contrast, small interfering RNA (siRNA) oligonucleotide (target FLNa-knockdown (FLNa-KD) increased the frequency sequence: 5’-AAG ATG GAT TGC CAG GAG TG-3’) or of multifocal tumors of glioma cell lines in immuno- AccuTarget™ negative control (NC) siRNA from Bioneer defcient mice, and it increased the migration speeds Co. (Daejeon, Korea) according to the manufacturer’s of other glioma cell lines (A172 and LN-229) in vitro instructions. [19]. Te contradictory results from these studies show that the role of FLNa in cancer metastasis and invasion 2.2 Western blot analysis remains elusive [20]. Te total extract of NC and FLNa-KD cells was prepared Here, we evaluated the role of FLNa in cancer inva- using radioimmunoprecipitation assay bufer (LPS solu- sion by measuring TFs and rigidity sensing of negative tion, Daejeon, Korea) and protease inhibitor cocktail control (NC) and FLNa-KD glioma (U87) cells. We used (Roche). Anti-FLNa antibody from rabbit (Abcam) and submicron pillars (diameter, 900 nm; height, 2 μm; and anti-rabbit antibody conjugated with horseradish peroxi- center-to-center (c-t-c) distance between pillars, 1.8 μm; dase were used as primary and secondary antibodies to bending stifness, k = 24.2 nN/µm) (Fig. 1B). Te migra- visualize FLNa. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydroge- tory and invasive behaviors of these cells were studied in nase (GAPDH) was used as control. Te image of the blot conventional motility and invasion assays to demonstrate was captured using a chemiluminescent imaging system Ketebo et al. Nano Convergence (2021) 8:19 Page 3 of 9 (Atto, Daejeon, Korea) and analyzed using ImageJ (NIH, initial phase of spreading (< 30 min) at the leading edges Bethesda, MD). (an area of 34.5 µm2) of the boundary of the cell as a measure of local contractions [24]. γ is calculated as the 2.3 Pillar fabrication sum of the force vectors of pillars divided by the sum Photolithography with reactive ion etching (RIE) was of their magnitudes. For this purpose, cell images taken used to fabricate a mold of linearly arranged arrays of within 30 min of cell substrate contact were used for γ holes (900 nm, diameter; 2 μm, depth; and 1.8 μm, c-t-c calculation. Average γ values of each type of cells were distance between holes) over 5-inch silicon wafers. obtained by calculating ffty frames of six diferent cells. PDMS Sylgrad® 184 silicon elastomeric base (Dow Corn- ing Co.) [21] was mixed with its curing agent at either 2.6 Fluorescent imaging of F‑actin a 5:1 or 10:1 (w/w) ratio to obtain PDMS elastic mod- Cells were incubated on fbronectin-coated pillars in an ules of 4 and 2 MPa [22] and the mixture was degassed incubator containing 5 % CO2 at 37 °C for 1 and 6 h. Te for 15 min. Next, the degassed mixture was spin-coated cells were washed with phosphate-bufered saline (PBS) over the mold at 500 rpm for 10 s and subsequently at (pH 7.4) and fxed with 4 % paraformaldehyde in PBS at 1,800 rpm for 30 s before being degassed for 30 min to room temperature (RT) for 10 min. Cells were permea- remove any trapped bubbles from the coated layer. Te bilized with 0.5 % triton X-100 in PBS at RT for 5 min. coated mold was cured at 80 °C for 4 h. Next, the PDMS F-actin was frst stained with rhodamine phalloidin (RP) layer was peeled of from the mold.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • High KDM1A Expression Associated with Decreased CD8+T Cells Reduces the Breast Cancer Survival Rate in Patients with Breast Cancer
    Journal of Clinical Medicine Article High KDM1A Expression Associated with Decreased CD8+T Cells Reduces the Breast Cancer Survival Rate in Patients with Breast Cancer Hyung Suk Kim 1 , Byoung Kwan Son 2 , Mi Jung Kwon 3, Dong-Hoon Kim 4,* and Kyueng-Whan Min 5,* 1 Department of Surgery, Division of Breast Surgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri 11923, Korea; [email protected] 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea; [email protected] 3 Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea; [email protected] 4 Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea 5 Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri 11923, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected] (D.-H.K.); [email protected] (K.-W.M.); Tel.: +82-2-2001-2392 (D.-H.K.); +82-31-560-2346 (K.-W.M.); Fax: +82-2-2001-2398 (D.-H.K.); Fax: +82-2-31-560-2402 (K.-W.M.) Abstract: Background: Lysine-specific demethylase 1A (KDM1A) plays an important role in epige- netic regulation in malignant tumors and promotes cancer invasion and metastasis by blocking the immune response and suppressing cancer surveillance activities. The aim of this study was to analyze Citation: Kim, H.S.; Son, B.K.; Kwon, survival, genetic interaction networks and anticancer immune responses in breast cancer patients M.J.; Kim, D.-H.; Min, K.-W. High with high KDM1A expression and to explore candidate target drugs.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Aspects of Korean Traditional Music in Young Jo Lee's
    EXPLORING ASPECTS OF KOREAN TRADITIONAL MUSIC IN YOUNG JO LEE’S PIANO HONZA NORI Jin Kim, B.M., M.M. Dissertation Prepared for the Degree of DOCTOR OF MUSICAL ARTS UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS August 2013 APPROVED: Adam Wodnicki, Major Professor Elvia Puccinelli, Committee Member Joseph Banowetz, Committee Member Steven Harlos, Chair of the Division of Keyboard Studies John Murphy, Interim Director of Graduate Studies in the College of Music James C. Scott, Dean of the College of Music Mark Wardell, Dean of the Toulouse Graduate School Kim, Jin. Exploring Aspects of Korean Traditional Music in Young Jo Lee’s Piano Honza Nori. Doctor of Musical Arts (Performance), August 2013, 29 pp., 4 tables, 9 figures, 13 musical examples, bibliography, 32 titles. Since the 1960s, several gifted Korean composers, including perhaps most notably Young Jo Lee (b. 1943), have been internationally acclaimed for their work. In Western countries, however, there has been a scarcity of academic studies examining the artistry of the music of these Korean composers. Nonetheless, as one of today’s most recognized composers in Korea, Young Jo Lee has been invited to numerous international concerts, conferences, and festivals where his works have been played and discussed. A salient feature of his compositions is the fusion of Korean traditional music and the elements of Western compositions, such as in, for one distinctive example, his piano composition, Piano Honza Nori. This musical study describes and analyzes how Lee integrates Korean traditional elements with Western musical ideas in Piano Honza Nori. Results of this study will contribute to the limited literature on the analysis of contemporary piano composition that integrates Korean traditional elements.
    [Show full text]
  • No. 22 How Did North Korean Dance Notation Make Its Way to South
    School of Oriental and African Studies University of London SOAS-AKS Working Papers in Korean Studies No. 22 How did North Korean dance notation make its way to South Korea’s bastion of traditional arts, the National Gugak Center? Keith Howard http://www.soas.ac.uk/japankorea/research/soas-aks-papers/ How did North Korean dance notation make its way to South Korea’s bastion of traditional arts, the National Gugak Center? Keith Howard (SOAS, University of London) © 2012 In December 2009, the National Gugak Center published a notation for the dance for court sacrificial rites (aak ilmu). As the thirteenth volume in a series of dance notations begun back in 1988 this seems, at first glance, innocuous. The dance had been discussed in relation to the music and dance at the Rite to Confucius (Munmyo cheryeak) in the 1493 treatise, Akhak kwebŏm (Guide to the Study of Music), and had also, as part of Chongmyo cheryeak, been used in the Rite to Royal Ancestors. Revived in 1923 during the Japanese colonial period by members of the court music institute, then known as the Yiwangjik Aakpu (Yi Kings’ Court Music Institute), the memories and practice of former members of that institute ensured that the music and dance to both rites would be recognised as intangible cultural heritage within the post-liberation Republic of Korea (South Korea), with Chongymo cheryeak appointed Important Intangible Cultural Property (Chungyo muhyŏng munhwajae)1 1 in December 1964 and a UNESCO Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage in 2001, and the entire Confucian rite (Sŏkchŏn taeje) as Intangible Cultural Property 85 in November 1986.2 In fact, the director general of the National Gugak Center, Pak Ilhun, in a preface to volume thirteen, notes how Sŏng Kyŏngnin (1911–2008), Kim Kisu (1917–1986) and others who had been members of the former institute, and who in the 1960s were appointed ‘holders’ (poyuja) for Intangible Cultural Property 1, taught the dance for sacrificial rites to students at the National Traditional Music High School in 1980.
    [Show full text]
  • Le Jeryeak De Jongmyo (Musique Rituelle Pour Les Ancêtres Royaux)
    Un rituel enrichi au cours du temps Le Jeryeak de Jongmyo (Musique rituelle pour les ancêtres royaux) 123 122 e Jongmyo Jerye et le Jongmyo Jeryeak qui l’accompagne sont des termes L qui désignent la musique, le chant et la danse interprétés pendant les rites rendus en l’honneur des générations de rois de la dynastie Joseon (1392-1910), qui ont lieu dans le sanctuaire royal de Jongmyo, à Séoul. Le Jongmyo Jerye, rite aux ancêtres royaux, est une cérémonie solennelle et respectueuse, reposant sur un protocole stricte et accompagné d’une musique des plus harmonieuses, faisant l’éloge des réalisations accomplies par les anciens souverains, les invoquant auprès des dieux et priant pour une postérité faite de richesse et de bonheur. Désigné en tant que Trésor national culturel iimmatériel n˚ 1, le Jongmyo Jeryeak, la musique accompagnant les rites aux ancêtres dynastiques, consiste en deux morceaux présentés sous la forme de suites : le Botaepyeong et le Jeongdaeeop. Le premier loue les accomplissements civils des monarques, alors que le second évoque leurs exploits militaires. Le Botaepyeong est joué pendant le premier service , lorsque la première coupe de vin de riz est offerte, alors que le Jeongdaeeop accompagne l’offrande de la seconde et de la troisième coupe. Le Botaepyeong et le Jeongdaeeop ont été Le maître de cérémonie dans ses vêtements rituels pour la première coupe de vin de riz (en haut). Tablette de l’esprit d’un roi de Joseon, dans une chambre du sanctuaire (au centre). Les officiants participant Le sanctuaire de Jongmyo dans son cadre de au rite dédié aux ancêtres royaux, verdure (en bas) dans le sanctuaire de Jongmyo 124 125 tous deux composés par le roi Sejong en 1449, sur la base de pièces existantes.
    [Show full text]
  • Coexistence of Classical Music and Gugak in Korean Culture1
    International Journal of Korean Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 5/2019 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/kr.2019.05.05 COEXISTENCE OF CLASSICAL MUSIC AND GUGAK IN KOREAN CULTURE1 SO HYUN PARK, M.A. Conservatory Orchestra Instructor, Korean Bible University (한국성서대학교) Nowon-gu, Seoul, South Korea [email protected] ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7848-2674 Abstract: Classical music and Korean traditional music ‘Gugak’ in Korean culture try various ways such as creating new music and culture through mutual interchange and fusion for coexistence. The purpose of this study is to investigate the present status of Classical music in Korea that has not been 200 years old during the flowering period and the Japanese colonial period, and the classification of Korean traditional music and musical instruments, and to examine the preservation and succession of traditional Gugak, new 1 This study is based on the presentation of the 6th international Conference on Korean Humanities and Social Sciences, which is a separate session of The 1st Asian Congress, co-organized by Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poland and King Sejong Institute from July 13th to 15th in 2018. So Hyun PARK: Coexistence of Classical Music and Gugak… Korean traditional music and fusion Korean traditional music. Finally, it is exemplified that Gugak and Classical music can converge and coexist in various collaborations based on the institutional help of the nation. In conclusion, Classical music and Korean traditional music try to create synergy between them in Korean culture by making various efforts such as new attempts and conservation. Key words: Korean Traditional Music; Gugak; Classical Music; Culture Coexistence.
    [Show full text]
  • Yayue, Aak and Gagaku
    TRANSNATIONALIZATION, PARTICULARIZATION AND NATIONAL IDENTITY IN COURT CEREMONIAL MUSIC OF EAST ASIA: YAYUE, AAK AND GAGAKU HIROKO NAGAI ABSTRACT In his discussion on the contemporary global music scenes, Trimillios (2009) defined transnationalization as “music whose production and creation take place in a number of national states, a condition that has major implications for national identity, ownership and cultural rights.” Although the use of advanced technology demarcates contemporary transnationalization, music has been continually moving across the borders in the history. Particularly, ancient ceremonial music of Chinese dynasties was eagerly learned and adopted by people in other Asian countries. It became the essential repertoire of court music of Korea (ku gak), Vietnam (nha nhac) and Japan (gagaku), which officially represent the “national” music of the three countries today. This consequently coincided with the complex process of creating the national identity of music, in which the constructed national music tradition inherently embraced foreignness within it. This lecture focuses on music of guzheng of China and koto of Japan. The prototype of the instrument was introduced from China to Japan in the 7th century CE together with other gagaku instruments, and later independently CHINESE STUDIES PROGRAM LECTURE SERIES © Ateneo de Manila University No. 2, 2015: 63–77 http://journals.ateneo.edu 64 NAGAI / TRANSNATIONALIZATION, PARTICULARIZATION AND NATIONAL IDENTITY developed into the two music traditions with clear national identities. The lecture discusses the issues of transnationalization, ancient as well as contemporary, and particularization of guzheng and koto through live performances. It features Ms. Liu “Christina” Xiao Fang, guzheng player and the Chinese Director of Confucius Institute at Ateneo de Manila University.
    [Show full text]
  • Elegant Music
    Elegant Music ANTHRO 329 S2 2019 WK II Homogeneity/Unity vs Heterogeneity/Indigeneity • Written System (Chinese Characters 漢字) • Religion: Buddhism and indigenous beliefs • Ideology: Confucianism • Influenced on the government system, social hierarchy and relationships, rites and ritual ceremonies, and patriarchal kinship system • Yayu e /Elegant Music • Musical Instruments: bamboo flutes, zithers, percussion 雅樂 Elegant Music Yayue (Chinese), Aak (Korean), Gagaku (Japan) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5OA8HFUNfIk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-1-4eLjzh Elegant Music in East Asia • Chinese Influence • Indigenization • Both culmination and decline of court ritual music • Cultural nationalism; preserved and promoted as an emblem of each state (particularly, Japan and Korea) Confucius (Kongzi) • Confucianism: Ideology • Philosopher • Ways of behaving in society as social members • Codification by writing the rules • Emphasized the “RITES” – Efficacy, Formality, Propriety • Music and Dance—not only enhance the efficacy of rituals but also complements it FIVE Constants/Ethics Ren (인 humaneness; benevolence) Yi (의 righteousness or justice) Li (예 proper right) Zhi (지 knowledge) FIVE Xin (신 trust or integrity) RELATIONSHIPS ruler to ruled, father to son, husband to wife, FOUR VIRTUES elder brother to zhong (충 loyalty), xiao (효 younger brother, piety), jie (절 courtesy/manner), friend to friend yi (의 righteousness) “To be a complete man, one has to rely on music” (Lunyu [Noneo], chapter 4) “Is [music] merely bells and drums?” (Lunyu, in the chapter
    [Show full text]
  • “Becoming One”: Embodying Korean P'ungmul Percussion Band Music
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Music Faculty Publications Music Winter 2015 “Becoming One”: Embodying Korean P’ungmul Percussion Band Music and Dance through Site- Specific nI termodal Transmission Donna Lee Kwon University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits oy u. Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/music_facpub Part of the Music Commons Repository Citation Kwon, Donna Lee, "“Becoming One”: Embodying Korean P’ungmul Percussion Band Music and Dance through Site-Specific Intermodal Transmission" (2015). Music Faculty Publications. 2. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/music_facpub/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Music at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Music Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “Becoming One”: Embodying Korean P’ungmul Percussion Band Music and Dance through Site-Specific Intermodal Transmission Notes/Citation Information Published in Ethnomusicology, v. 59, no. 1, p. 31-60. © 2015 by the Society for Ethnomusicology This article is available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/ethnomusicology.59.1.0031 The opc yright holders have granted the permission for posting the article here. Digital Object Identifier (DOI) https://doi.org/10.5406/ethnomusicology.59.1.0031 This article is available at UKnowledge: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/music_facpub/2 Vol. 59, No. 1 Ethnomusicology Winter 2015 “Becoming One”: Embodying Korean P’ungmul Percussion Band Music and Dance through Site-Specific Intermodal Transmission Donna Lee Kwon / University of Kentucky Abstract.
    [Show full text]
  • View/At Pg.Aspx?CNTN CD=A0001887306
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2016 A Comparative Study: East Asian Traditions and Styles in Isang Yun and Toshio Hosokawa’s Piano Trios Eun Mi Lee Follow this and additional works at the DigiNole: FSU's Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MUSIC A COMPARATIVE STUDY: EAST ASIAN TRADITIONS AND STYLES IN ISANG YUN AND TOSHIO HOSOKAWA’S PIANO TRIOS By EUN MI LEE A Treatise submitted to the College of Music in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Music 2016 Eun Mi Lee defended this treatise on August 30, 2016 The members of the supervisory committee were: Valerie M. Trujillo Professor Directing Treatise Joseph Kraus University Representative Timothy Hoekman Committee Member Iain Quinn Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the treatise has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ...................................................................................................................................v List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ vi List of Musical Examples ............................................................................................................. vii Abstract ............................................................................................................................................x
    [Show full text]
  • History of Korean Notations
    chapter1_출고-L 2011.11.29 12:46 PM 페이지1 003 C M Y K ChapterⅠ History of Korean Notations Kwon Oh-sung chapter1_출고-L 2011.11.29 12:46 PM 페이지2 003 C M Y K chapter1_출고-L 2011.11.29 12:46 PM 페이지3 003 C M Y K History of Korean Notations 3 The Record of Music As a language is a means of expressing and communicating the feelings or thoughts of a human by sound or letters, music is a means of expressing and delivering the feelings or thoughts of a human by an art form of rhythms, melodies, or sound harmonized and mixed with the human voice or musical instruments. While the sound of the human voice disappears immediately after the singer stops and cannot reach distant places, letters are everlasting and have no restrictions in time and space. The same is true of scores. A score contains all the elements of music by using symbols, marks or terms that are designated as having meaning. Therefore, it is essential to have a score not only for playing music but also for creating new pieces of music. Musical notation is a method of recording pieces of music using designated marks and symbols. The use of scores of musical notation is essential to the advancement of a musical culture since it contributes greatly to the performance, play (presentation), preservation, and learning of music. Displaying the pitches, lengths of notes, tempo, dynamics, sentiments, and playing styles, the musical notation is used as a means of creation, preservation, and performance of music, regardless of whether it is vocal or instrumental.
    [Show full text]
  • Percussion Music Rituals)
    P’ungmul Kut (Percussion Music Rituals): Integrating Korean Traditions with Modern Identities Peter Joon Park A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2014 Reading Committee: Ter Ellingson, Chair Philip Schuyler Clark Sorensen Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Music ©Copyright 2014 Peter Joon Park University of Washington Abstract P’ungmul Kut (Percussion Music Rituals): Integrating Korean Traditions with Modern Identities Peter Joon Park Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Ter Ellingson Music While exploring the relationships between tradition, modernity, and identity, I focus on p’ungmul kut, which are Korean rituals featuring percussion music and dance. Although p’ungmul kut is sometimes referred to as “farmers’ music” (nongak), it actually encompasses much more (see Chapter 2). P’ungmul kut is the basis of the popular genre of music known as samul nori (named after the group SamulNori who began performing on concert stages in 1978). A key feature of p’ungmul kut is audience participation in the form of dancing and cheering. In Chapter 3, I examine the differences between rituals of p’ungmul kut and concerts by SamulNori as “participatory” and “presentational” performances (Turino 2008). P’ungmul kut are an integral part of the Korean mu religion (which is often misleadingly translated as “shamanism”). The Korean word kut means “ritual” and often refers to mudang kut (“shaman” rituals), therefore p’ungmul kut is sometimes misunderstood as being a type of mudang kut. But p’ungmul kut are not shaman rituals and they are quite distinct from mudang kut (Chapter 4).
    [Show full text]
  • Gender in Fusion Kugak: an Examination of Women’S Fusion Kugak Groups and Their Music Practices
    GENDER IN FUSION KUGAK: AN EXAMINATION OF WOMEN’S FUSION KUGAK GROUPS AND THEIR MUSIC PRACTICES by Jungwon Kim Bachelor of Music, Kyungwon University, 1999 Bachelor of Music, Korea National University of Arts, 2004 Master of Arts, Seoul National University, 2008 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The DIETRICH School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts University of Pittsburgh 2012 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH THE DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCEINCES This thesis was presented by Jungwon Kim It was defended on March 26, 2012 and approved by Andrew N. Weintraub, PhD, Professor of Music Gabriella Lukacs, PhD, Assistant Professor of Anthropology Thesis Director: Adriana N. Helbig, PhD, Assistant Professor of Music ii Copyright © by Jungwon Kim 2012 iii GENDER IN FUSION KUGAK: AN EXAMINATION OF WOMEN’S FUSION KUGAK GROUPS AND THEIR MUSIC PRACTICES Jungwon Kim, M.A. University of Pittsburgh, 2012 Fusion kugak is defined as a contemporary and popular form of the traditional Korean music kugak. On the one hand, fusion kugak can appeal to researchers in terms of its musical style since it includes arrangements of Western music for traditional Korean instruments with non-Korean instruments accompanying; new compositions for ensembles combining traditional Korean instruments with non-Korean instruments; and collaboration between fusion kugak and other performing arts such as dance, martial arts, or acrobatics. On the other hand, as a cultural phenomenon in contemporary Korea, fusion kugak can be viewed from the perspective of gender, a social value system. However, which positions women are occupying in the field of fusion kugak; how women are playing their gender roles in their fusion kugak performances; whether women demonstrate their sexuality in their fusion kugak practices or not; and how women empower themselves in fusion kugak are all questions that current research has not yet explored.
    [Show full text]