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DOCUMENT RESUME SE 041 452 Setting Priorities for Science DOCUMENT RESUME ED 231 610 SE 041 452 TITLE Setting Priorities for Science. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Science, Research and Technology and the Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight of the Committee on Science and Technology. U.S. House . of Representatives, Ninety-Seventh Congress, Second Session (September 30; December 8, 1982). No. 172. INSTITUTION Congress of the U.S., Washington, D.C. House Committee on Science and 'Technology. PUB DATE. 83 NOTE\ 237p.; Not available in paper copy due to small size of print. PUB TYPE Legal/Legislative/Regulatory Materials (090) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Decision Making; Development; *Federal Aid; Financial Support; *Government Role; *Industry; *Policy Fornfation; Program Descriptions; Research; *Scientific Research; State Action; Technological Advancement; Technology IDENTIFIERS Congress 97th; *Research and Development; *Science Policy ABSTRACT Setting priorities for allocating funding and other resources is one of the central issues of federal scienCe policy. Presented in these hearings are the views of witnesses (government officials, scientists, economists, and industrial personnel) on various issues related to setting,priorities for science. Among the issues addressed (in the form of questions) are: (1) How can the greater public interest be reflected in federal R&D decision-making, both in the choices and in the development ,and application of technology? (2) How is the optimal funding level of basic research determined? (3).What are the proper roles of government and private industry in funding applied R&D? (4) Should the United States target naticinal economic competitiveness? and (5) What role should state and localities play in determining the direction of scientific research? In addition to transcripts of testimony presented, two supporting papers are provided in appendixes. These are "The Concept of Scientific Choice: A Brief Review of the Literature" by Bruce L. R. Smith and "The Economy of Science: The Proper Role of Government in the Growth of Science" by Simon Rottenberg. (JN) ***************Jk**************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. * *****************************************************************.****** c) SETTING PRIORITIES FOR SCIENCE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES \ FOR vAT.Cv CE%TER Ms documenthas bee, res,ro.n.cea a: recereed from the person cr organaawn ortgoaung .1 Knot changes have been made to onorovss HEARINGS reproduchon oul'ay Pewits of vow/ Or o $sle n BEFORE THE mull do not necessa ray rerResert poSdaan or poky- SUBCOMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, RESEARCH SAND TECHNOLOGY AND THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON INVESTIGATIONS AND OVERSIGHT' OF THE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY U.S. HOUSE OF'REPRESENTATIVES NINETY-SEVENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION, SEPTEMBER 30; DECEMBER 8, 1982 INo. 1721 Printed for the use of the Committee on Science end Technology *11.GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 0 WASHINGTON 1983 COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE ANDTECHNOLO Y DON FUQUA. Florida.Choirman ' ROBERT A ROE, Nev. Jersey LARRY WINN. JR , Kansas OFORGE`V. BROWN. Jk Cahforma BARRY M GOLDWATER.JR..California JAMES H SCHWA'S, Nev. York' HAMILTON FISH, Jn. New York RICHARD I. OTTINGER, ST2w York MANUEL 1.UJAN, JR . New Mexico TOM HARKIN, lima HAROLD C UOLLENBECK. New Jersey NIARILYN LI.OYD BOUQUARD. Tennessee ROBERT S WALKER. Pennsylvania JAMES .1 BLANCHARD, Michigan EDWIN B FORSYTHE, New Jersey TIMOTHY E WIRTH, Colorado' WILLIAM CARNEY. New York IXAJG WALGREN. Pennsylvania MARGARET M 11E;CKLER, Massachusetts RONNIE.G FLIPPO, Mabama F JAMES SENSENBRENNER, JR DAN GLICKMAN. Kansas Wisconsin ALBERT GORE', JR Tennessee V1N WEBER. Minnesotti ROBERT A YOUNG, Missouri JUDD GREGG. New Hampshire .R1CHARD C WHITE. Texas RAYMOND J MCGRATH. New York HAROLD L VOI.KMER, Missouri JOE SKEEN, New Mexico HOWARD WOLPE, Michigan CLAUDINE SCHNEIDER, Rhode Island BILL NELSON, Florida JIM DUNN, Michigan STANLEY N LUNDINE, New York 1111.1. LOWERY. California MIEN E ERTEL,. Pennsylvania 13013 SIIAMANSKY, Ohio RAM) M hALL, Texas DAVE McCURDY, Oklahoma MERVYN M DYMALLY, California IIAROLD I' IIANSON, EXCM/Itv Director ROREKT C KETCHAM, Genera/ CoUntid REGINAA Ny1;7,Admintinralor DAVID S JEFFERY, Minorih Staff Threitor SUBCOMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, RFSEARCII AND TECHNOLOGY DOUG WALGREN, Pennsylvania.Miirman GEORGE E BROWN, JRCalifornia MARGARET M IIECKLER. Massachusetts BOB SHAMANSKY, Ohio V1N WEBER, Minnesota MERVYN M DYMAI.I.Y, California JUDD GREGG, New Hampshire STANLEY N LUND/NE, Nev. York JOE SKEEN. New Mexico ALLEN E ERTEL, Pennsylvania EDWIN B FORSYTHE, New Jersey RALPII M HALL, Texas DAVE McCURDY, Oklahoma SUBCOMMITTEE ON INVESTIGATIONS AND OVERSIGHT ALBERT GORE, dr , Tennessee. Chairman 13013 SHAMANSKY Ohio ROBERT S WALKER. Pennsylvania HAROLD L VOLKMER. Missouri MANUEL LUJAN, JR New Mexico 011 assignment to Budget Committee for 97th Congress CONTENTS' WITNESSES September 30, 1982: . Statement for record of Dr6George A. Keyworth II, Science Adviser to Page the President and Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy 7 Dr ames B. Wyngaarden, Director, National Institutes of Health, Be- thesda, Md . .10 Dr Edith W Martin. Deputy Under Secretary of Defense fOr Research and Advanced Technology, Department of Deferse . 28 Dr Donald N. Langenberg, Deputy Director, NatMnal Science Foundation 45 Dr.tAlvin M Wemberg, Director, Institute for Energy Studies, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak:Ridge, Terin. 64 Dr Simon Rottenberg, piofessor of economics, University of Massachu- setts, Amherst, Mass.. ....... .......... ....,................. ...... ........ 76 Dr Richard JHill, provost and vice president for academic affairs, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oreg - 89 Dr Quentin W. Lindsey, science adviser to the Goverpor, State of North Carolina, Raleigh, N C .,, 105 Dr John Casteen, secretary of education, Commonwealth of Virginia, Richmond, Va , . 116 December 8, 1982. Statement for record of Bernard J O'Keefe, chairman, National Associ- ation of Manufacturers.. , 135 Dr. Ronald Paul. president, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio.. 139 Dr C. Kumar N. Patel. executive director of research-physics, Lief! Tele- phone Laboratories, Murray Hill, N.J 150 APPENDEXES Appendix 1 Bruce L R Smith "The Concept of Scientific Choice. A Brief Review.of the Literature". The Rand Corp., 19(5 .. ...... ......... .. 177 /1 ppendix II Simon ,Rottenberg, '"fhe 'Econoilly of Science. The Proper Role of Government in the Growth of ScierIce", Minerva, Spring 1981... ..... 212 . - SETTING PRIORITIES FOR SCIENCE THURSDA Y. SEPTEMBER 30, 1982 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, SUBCaMMIrEEE brst SCIENCE, RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY, AND 'THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON INVESTI- CATIONS AND OVR.RSIGHT Washington, D.C. The subcommittees met, pursuant to call, at 9:35 a.m in room 2325, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. George E. Brown, Jr., presiding. Mr. BROWN. The subcornmittee will come to order. In the absence of Chairman Walgren and Chairman Gore, who shotkld be here before long, I will take the liberty of Opening the hearings this morning because of the large number of distinguished witnesses which we have.I think I should read Chairman Wal- gren's opening statement to help set the scene for these hearings this morning. The hearing is being conducted jointlyly the Subcommittee on Science, Research and Technology, which he is privileged to chair, and the Subcommittee on Investigations ancrOversight, Chaired by our distinguished colleague, Congressman Al Goreof Tennessee We want to express to Mr. Gore our appreciation for suggesting the focus on priorities at this particular time. Setting priorities for allo- cating funding and other resources in the field of science is as we are all aware one of the central issues of Federal sciencepolicy. It is a subject which this subcommittee as well asthe full' committee has dealt with as a policy issue over the years. In July 1980, the subcommittee held hearings chaired by Con- gressman Brown, that is me, on long-range planningfor science In both 1980 and 1981 the full committee held hearings with the American Nobel laureates to hear their views on what is needed to maintain the strength of American science. And early this year /Chairman Fuqua field a hearing on the science budget under stress. At that hearing the present and past science advisers to the President discussed with the committee their views of priorities for American science. It is now evident that the science budget will continue to be under stress. As a result; priorities for science will continue to require careful attention in the Congress, in the ad- ministration, andinthe science,engineering, and industrial community.. p. The shift from the conditions of significant annual growth in the budget for science to a situation of level or almogt level funding has itturn produced new problems and raised new questions. If re- sources fur modest increases in science funding can be found,what (I) t.) 9 1-7 arua or types of science shduld b., supported? Can funding for some parts of su'llceV6 lnolt lire now being supported be reduced or eliminated fium the budget" Equally important, w hat are the best ways to arrive at such decisions. In the Congress we are thoroughly familiar with the priority set- ting through the political process w hich involves geographic claims, lobbyists, and interest groups. We are much less familiar
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