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Ferreira Krüger, Rodrigo; Bretanha Ribeiro, Paulo; Giehl Erthal, Simone; DeSouza, Og Reproduction and survival of Muscina stabulans under laboratory conditions Ciência Rural, vol. 40, núm. 3, marzo, 2010, pp. 674-677 Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria, Brasil
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Reproduction and survival of Muscina stabulans under laboratory conditions
Reprodução e sobrevivência de Muscina stabulans em condições de laboratório
Rodrigo Ferreira KrügerI * Paulo Bretanha RibeiroI Simone Giehl ErthalI Og DeSouzaII
-NOTE-
ABSTRACT a cosmopolitan, synanthropic, anautogenous species most often founded in the Neotropical Region. In Brazil This is the first published report concerning reproduction and survival using life table analyses of fertility it has been reported from the states of Bahia, Paraná, and survival for Muscina stabulans maintained under Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo, preferring urban laboratory conditions with artificial diets. The intrinsic rate of environments (CARVALHO et al., 2002). This species growth, reproduction rate and average generational time were obtained, suggesting a rapid population growth under these is epidemiologically important because it is capable of rearing conditions. These findings permitted the creation of transmitting several pathogens to humans and other time models of survival and oviposition, as well as a quantitative animals as well as causing myiasis (GREENBERG, 1971). estimate of the adaptation capacity of this species. In poultry farms they can drastically reduce populations Key words: life table, survival analysis, population growth. of Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Muscidae), because M. stabulans third instars are RESUMO facultative predators of housefly first and second Com o objetivo de apresentar um primeiro instars (SKIDMORE, 1985). This species is also delineamento para a reprodução e sobrevivência da Muscina forensically important since its larvae can colonize stabulans em condições de laboratório, foram desenvolvidas tabelas de vida em dieta artificial. A taxa intrínseca de decomposing carcasses from first to 10 days following crescimento natural, a taxa reprodutiva líquida e o tempo the death of the individual, thus serving in the médio de uma geração foram estimados, além da análise do estimation of the post-mortem interval (PMI) tempo de oviposição e da sobrevivência dos adultos dessa espécie. Os dados sugerem uma alta taxa de crescimento da (CENTENO et al., 2002; SOUZA et al., 2008). população nas condições de criação. Esses resultados permitem Muscina stabulans is a species with a very a criação de modelos de sobrevivência e oviposição, bem como rapid developmental rate, especially between 20° and estimativas quantitativas da adaptabilidade dessa espécie. 30°C (KHZYWINSKI, 1993; MARCHENKO, 2001; Palavras-chave: tabela de vida, análise de sobrevivência, MASCARINI & PRADO, 2002). In spite of this, little is crescimento populacional. known of its reproduction and survival of specific ages. This work had the objective of describing the mortality and reproduction of M. stabulans using survival Muscina stabulans (Fallén, 1817) (Diptera, analysis and calculated variables obtained using Muscidae), commonly known as the false stable fly, is fertility life tables.
IDepartamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CP 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]. *Autor para correspondência. IIDepartamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
Received 09.22.09 Approved 12.22.09 Ciência Rural, v.40, n.3, mar, 2010. Reproduction and survival of Muscina stabulans under laboratory conditions. 675
A colony of M. stabulans was established Mortality of M. stabulans differed between under laboratory conditions in order to obtain eggs, male and female (÷2=36.3, df=1, P<0.001). There was a larvae and pupae. The adults were maintained in trend for mortality to occur in more advanced 30X30X30cm cages and fed powdered milk, sugar and ages for both sexes (á>1), although females lived fish meal at a ratio of 2:2:1, respectively (RIBEIRO et longer than males. Males and females reached a al., 2000b). Water was provided in cups with polyester mean survival time of 28 and 34 days, respectively sponges placed on the surface of the water. Feed and −27.85465−3.460208 x3.460208 water were provided ad libitum. Following oviposition, ( Surv M = e ; −34.15811−3.460208 x3.460208 egg masses were obtained from a culture medium in Surv F = e ) the form of a paste consisting of fish meal, sawdust and water in the proportion of 2:2:1, respectively. The where Survm is the proportion of surviving males and egg masses were transferred to a receptacle with the Survf is the proportion of surviving females (Figure 1). same medium used for their collection inside a collection The mean time of oviposition was 24 days before −24.50801−2.457002 x2.457002 funnel. emergence ( Surv eggs = e ) where After eclosion in this medium the larvae fed Surveggs is the proportion of oviposited eggs (Figure 1). until the 3rd instar, abandoned the funnel and fell into The period of oviposition lasted 55 days, a container with moist sawdust (between 65 and 90% and during this time 32,806 eggs were deposited with a RH) to pupate. The pupae were transferred to glass gross oviposition rate (Ómx) of 312 eggs per female containers and maintained until adult emergence. Some with the highest rate of oviposition (mx) between the of these pupae were used to maintain the replacement second and sixth week, with some oviposition occurring cages in the laboratory. The colony was maintained during the first week of the cohort. Along with the during the entire experiment in an environmental generation time of 6.41 weeks (T), the population of chamber at a temperature of 24.8°C±0.6°C, relative air this species had the capacity to increase 75.25 times in humidity between 70% and 80%, and a12:12 hour number (R0) in stable conditions, with an increase of 0.637 individuals per individual per week (r ). photophase. m In protein-based diets such as meat or other Life span and reproduction were determined derivatives, flies that are facultative carnivores, with the establishment of 40 pairs in each cage. The especially from the Subfamily Azeliinae (Muscidae) tend four cages used were established starting with 320 to exhibit similar pattern of mortality if they have used randomly chosen pupae and handled in the same this substrate during their larval stage. The diets used manner as described for the stock colony. The cages by the larvae and adults of M. stabulans were the same were observed daily to remove dead insects and eggs. as those utilized by other species in this subfamily, The percent of adults surviving was recorded once a such as Ophyra aenescens (Wiedemann, 1830), Ophyra day, for 60 days, until all adults in the cage were dead. albuquerquei Lopes, 1985, and Synthesiomyia Data were submitted to survival analysis under Weibull nudiseta (Wulp, 1898) (HOGSETTE & WASHINGTON, distribution. The number of eggs laid was also recorded 1995; RIBEIRO et al., 2000a; KRÜGER et al., 2002; 2003). every day, so that in the end of the experiment such Among these species for the analysis of survival, M. data could be transformed to reveal the daily amount stabulans males and females have an mean time very of eggs laid as a proportion oh the total number of similar to males and females of S. nudiseta. These two eggs. Weibull survival analysis was then applied to species display a strong tendency for mortality to occur such data, in order to reveal the temporal pattern of in more advanced ages, at the fulfillment of more than oviposition. Analyses were performed under R (R 75% of the reproductive function (KRÜGER & DEVELOPMENT CORE TEAM, 2006) with P<0.05. ERTHAL, 2006; KRÜGER et al., 2008). A life table of fertility was built using the Based on our results of the demographic Lotka’s equation (CAREY, 1993) in order to obtain the rates (R0>1), it is possible to verify that under optimal intrinsic natural growth rate (rm), mean generational rearing conditions, this species reproduces rapidly time (T), gross rate of reproduction (Ómx), and net which provides a great capacity to adapt to adverse reproductive rate (R ). The mean time of the immature 0 conditions since the rm is high such results allowed stages was obtained from the development time from the modeling of the population growth of M. stabulans, egg to adult estimated by MASCARINI & PRADO besides establishing a standard diet for this species. (2002) for this species. The immature survival (lx) was The models for survival and reproduction obtained using unpublished data for this species (P. B. will serve for the establishment of programs for study Ribeiro personal communication). and field work for the false stable fly on the world.
Ciência Rural, v.40, n.3, mar, 2010. 676 Krüger et al.
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