Contract Report to the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council September 2011 Final Report Assessing the State of Japanese Coastal Fisheries and Sea Turtle Bycatch -Contract No.: 10-turtle-009 Name of Contractor: Sea Turtle Association of Japan Naoki Kamezaki Ph.D., Director Mail Address: Sea Turtle Association of Japan Naoki Kamezaki Nagao-motomachi 5-17-18, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0163 Japan Tel:+81-72-864-0335; fax:+81-72-864-0535 http:://www.umigame.org e-mail:
[email protected] 1. Purpose The Sea Turtle Association of Japan (STAJ) receives over 500 reports annually regarding dead stranded sea turtles. Fishery bycatch is assumed to be the greatest source of mortality of stranded turtles in coastal Japan. In addition, STAJ conducts research and monitoring on sea turtles that are bycaught in pound nets in Kochi, Mie, and Kagoshima prefectures, where approximately 100 turtle bycatch are recorded at each pound net site (Ishihara et al., 2006; Iwamoto, 2006; Yamashita, 2007; Takeuchi, 2008). Of the monitored sites, the site in Mie prefecture has a very high mortality rate, suggesting that fishery bycatch cannot be ignored as a source of sea turtle mortality. Moreover, many of the fishers operate with various fishing gear and method depending on the season, leading to extensively varied operation size and type of fisheries across the country. As a result, determining the types of coastal fisheries that pose the greatest threat to turtle populations as well as the extent of bycatch is critical in recovering the population of loggerhead turtles, green turtles, hawksbill turtles, and leatherback turtles that utilize coastal Japan as their habitat.