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Analysis of Potential Development of Cassava As a Food Source in Merauke District

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Analysis of Potential Development of Cassava As a Food Source in Merauke District International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 9, Issue 11, November2018, pp. 1014–1024, Article ID: IJMET_09_11_103 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=9&IType=11 ISSN Print: 0976-6340andISSN Online: 0976-6359 © IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF CASSAVA AS A FOOD SOURCE IN MERAUKE DISTRICT Untari and YosehiMekiuw Faculty of Agriculture, UniversitasMusamus, Merauke, Indonesia ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine the potential of production based on land area and the amount of cassava production in supporting food availability in Merauke Regency, reviewing the characteristics of the spread of cassava commodities in Merauke Regency. The research was conducted in Merauke Regency using descriptive analysis research methods. Analysis of the data used is LQ analysis using the last 5 years’ time series data, namely data from 2013-2017 and then analyzed the data using localization and specialization analysis. The results of LQ analysis, localization and specialization that the results of the study show that there are 2 districts that can be used as potential development of cassava production in Merauke, namely Sota, Ulilin and Jagebob Districts. Keywords : cassava, food, potential development, LQ analysis. Cite this Article: Untari and YosehiMekiuw, Analysis of Potential Development of Cassava As a Food Source in Merauke District, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 9(11), 2018, pp. 1014–1024. http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=9&IType=11 1. INTRODUCTION Food security is a multi-dimensional and very complex issue, covering social, economic, political and environmental aspects. Political aspects are often the dominant factor in the decision making process to determine food policy. Realizing sustainable food security is a priority issue and agenda in various meetings held by various countries and international institutions (Suryana, 2014). The role of the agricultural sector in Indonesia is very important in view of the necessity of meeting the food needs of the population which in 2005 amounted to 219.3 million, and was predicted to continue to increase by 1.25 percent (Nainggolan, 2006: 78). The government must implement food policies, namely ensuring food security which includes supply, diversification, security, institutions and food organizations. This policy is needed to improve food independence. Development that ignores self-reliance in the basic needs of its population will become very dependent on other countries, and that means becoming a sovereign country (Arifin, 2004). http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1014 [email protected] Untari and YosehiMekiuw The Malthus concept which states that food growth is like a series of calculations and population growth is like a series of measures, seems to be gaining momentum now. Indonesian nation with positive population growth, if it is not accompanied by an increase in food production, it will have the opportunity to face problems in meeting the food needs of its population in the future. Food needs always increase along with the increase in population. On the fulfillment side, not all food needs can be met, because food production and distribution capacity is increasingly limited. This causes food instability between needs and fulfillment nationally (Djamali et al., 2018; Purwaningsih, 2008). Cassava or often called cassava is one of the food sources in Indonesia, including the people in Merauke. Data from the Merauke Regency Central Bureau of Statistics in 2018 shows that it has a planting area and harvest area of 317 ha with production of 6,169 tons with productivity of 19.46 tons / ha. Merauke has 20 districts, where the number of cassava production in Merauke is spread in 14 different districts. The 2017 BPS data shows data on potential land for cassava which has not been utilized, namely 11,260 ha. Cassava cultivation system, handling yields (Ludang and Mangkoedihardjo, 2009), processing results (Samudro and Mangkoedihardjo, 2012; Santoso and Mangkoedihardjo, 2013.); and marketing of cassava has not been optimal, and the selling price of cassava has not been able to provide stimuli for farmers to be able to increase production, processing such as biofuel (Latuheru and Sahupala, 2018; Suryaningsih et al., 2018) and marketing. In an effort to increase the availability of cassava food to support the food security program in Merauke Regency there are still problems that require research and assessment, namely the weak production system and cassava farming carried out by farmers. In addition, the marketing system and handling of cassava products are still weak in the framework of providing food (Nainggolan, 2006.). Cassava has the potential to be developed in Merauke Regency, with various reviews as follows: 1. In fact, cassava is generally cultivated by farmers on dry land such as fields and yards. 2. The habits of Merauke farmers grow cassava in every yard or moor. The people of Merauke consume cassava as an intermediate food such as in the form of processed chips, kelanting, fried cassava, boiled cassava and others. Cassava has good prospects in Merauke Regency as an alternative food. For local people, cassava is even the main food besides sago because it is easy cultivation without a difficult cultivation system. The indigenous Papuans in the Merauke area, namely the Marind tribe, in cultivating cassava are still very simple without applying good or right cultivation techniques or production techniques. Cassava has good prospects in Merauke, so it is necessary to study in supporting food security improvement programs. This study aims to 1) assess production potential based on land area and the amount of cassava production in supporting food availability in Merauke Regency; 2) reviewing the characteristics of the spread of cassava commodities in Merauke Regency. 2. METHODS 2.1. Location and Data Source The research method used in this study is descriptive analytical research. The research was conducted in Merauke Regency in December 2017 and January 2018 using secondary data, namely time series data on land area and cassava production in 2013 - 2017. In addition, to support this study there were key informants in the field who could explain the cassava farming system. http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1015 [email protected] Analysis of Potential Development of Cassava As a Food Source in Merauke District 2.2. Data Analysis Potential production and availability of cassava food related to food security in Wonogiri Regency were analyzed based on secondary data using Location Quotient (LQ). Basically this technique presents a relative comparison between the capabilities of one sector between the areas investigated with the capabilities of the same sector in a wider area (Warpani, 2001). Location Quotient (LQ) formula as follows: ( ) = ( ) where: pi = Production or harvest area of cassava commodities at the District level in Merauke Regency. pt = Production or harvest area of food crops of all commodities at the District level in Merauke Regency. Pi = Production or harvest area of cassava commodities in Merauke Regency. Pt = Production or harvest area of food crops of all commodities in Merauke Regency. I = The area of cassava cultivation in the districts in Merauke Regency, namely Kimaam District, Okaba, Kurik, Animha, Malind, Merauke, Naukenjerai, Semangga, Tanah Miring, Jagebob, Sota, Elikobel and Ulilin District. Assumptions used: The pattern of population demand for cassava commodities in each district is considered to be in accordance with the demand pattern of Merauke Regency. Decision making criteria (Wibowo and Januar, 1998; Setiono, 2011; Daryanto and Hafizrianda, 2010): The value of LQ = 1, means that the harvest / production area of cassava commodities at the district level of Merauke Regency is relatively the same as the harvest / production area of cassava commodities at the Merauke Regency level. a) The value of LQ> 1 means that the harvest / production area of cassava commodities at the district level of Merauke Regency is relatively greater than the harvest / production area of cassava commodities at the Merauke Regency level, and the district is the base district based on the harvested / produced cassava commodity in Merauke Regency. b) LQ value <1, means that the harvest / production area of cassava commodities at the district level i is relatively smaller than the harvested / produced cassava commodity at Merauke Regency level or the district is not a base (non base) based on the harvested / produced cassava commodity in Merauke Regency. The second test on the characteristics of the spread of cassava commodities in Merauke Regency was analyzed using localization and specialization analysis (Setiono, 2011). a) The coefficient of localization is used to measure the spread or relative concentration of agricultural activities of cassava commodities in Merauke Regency using the formula: αi = [Si / Ni] – [ΣSi / ΣNi] where: αi: Coefficient of localization, which is positive with value 0 ≤ α ≤ 1 Si: Production of cassava commodities in the district of Merauke Regency i (ton) Ni: Production of cassava commodities in Merauke Regency (ton) http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1016 [email protected] Untari and YosehiMekiuw ΣSi: Total food crop production in Merauke Regency i district (ton) ΣNi :Total food crop production in Merauke Regency (ton) I: Districts in Merauke Regency, namely Kimaam District,
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