International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 9, Issue 11, November2018, pp. 1014–1024, Article ID: IJMET_09_11_103 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=9&IType=11 ISSN Print: 0976-6340andISSN Online: 0976-6359

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ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF CASSAVA AS A FOOD SOURCE IN DISTRICT

Untari and YosehiMekiuw Faculty of Agriculture, UniversitasMusamus, Merauke,

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine the potential of production based on land area and the amount of cassava production in supporting food availability in Merauke , reviewing the characteristics of the spread of cassava commodities in Merauke Regency. The research was conducted in Merauke Regency using descriptive analysis research methods. Analysis of the data used is LQ analysis using the last 5 years’ time series data, namely data from 2013-2017 and then analyzed the data using localization and specialization analysis. The results of LQ analysis, localization and specialization that the results of the study show that there are 2 districts that can be used as potential development of cassava production in Merauke, namely Sota, Ulilin and Jagebob Districts. Keywords : cassava, food, potential development, LQ analysis. Cite this Article: Untari and YosehiMekiuw, Analysis of Potential Development of Cassava As a Food Source in Merauke District, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 9(11), 2018, pp. 1014–1024. http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=9&IType=11 1. INTRODUCTION Food security is a multi-dimensional and very complex issue, covering social, economic, political and environmental aspects. Political aspects are often the dominant factor in the decision making process to determine food policy. Realizing sustainable food security is a priority issue and agenda in various meetings held by various countries and international institutions (Suryana, 2014). The role of the agricultural sector in Indonesia is very important in view of the necessity of meeting the food needs of the population which in 2005 amounted to 219.3 million, and was predicted to continue to increase by 1.25 percent (Nainggolan, 2006: 78). The government must implement food policies, namely ensuring food security which includes supply, diversification, security, institutions and food organizations. This policy is needed to improve food independence. Development that ignores self-reliance in the basic needs of its population will become very dependent on other countries, and that means becoming a sovereign country (Arifin, 2004).

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The Malthus concept which states that food growth is like a series of calculations and population growth is like a series of measures, seems to be gaining momentum now. Indonesian nation with positive population growth, if it is not accompanied by an increase in food production, it will have the opportunity to face problems in meeting the food needs of its population in the future. Food needs always increase along with the increase in population. On the fulfillment side, not all food needs can be met, because food production and distribution capacity is increasingly limited. This causes food instability between needs and fulfillment nationally (Djamali et al., 2018; Purwaningsih, 2008). Cassava or often called cassava is one of the food sources in Indonesia, including the people in Merauke. Data from the Merauke Regency Central Bureau of Statistics in 2018 shows that it has a planting area and harvest area of 317 ha with production of 6,169 tons with productivity of 19.46 tons / ha. Merauke has 20 districts, where the number of cassava production in Merauke is spread in 14 different districts. The 2017 BPS data shows data on potential land for cassava which has not been utilized, namely 11,260 ha. Cassava cultivation system, handling yields (Ludang and Mangkoedihardjo, 2009), processing results (Samudro and Mangkoedihardjo, 2012; Santoso and Mangkoedihardjo, 2013.); and marketing of cassava has not been optimal, and the selling price of cassava has not been able to provide stimuli for farmers to be able to increase production, processing such as biofuel (Latuheru and Sahupala, 2018; Suryaningsih et al., 2018) and marketing. In an effort to increase the availability of cassava food to support the food security program in Merauke Regency there are still problems that require research and assessment, namely the weak production system and cassava farming carried out by farmers. In addition, the marketing system and handling of cassava products are still weak in the framework of providing food (Nainggolan, 2006.). Cassava has the potential to be developed in Merauke Regency, with various reviews as follows: 1. In fact, cassava is generally cultivated by farmers on dry land such as fields and yards. 2. The habits of Merauke farmers grow cassava in every yard or moor. The people of Merauke consume cassava as an intermediate food such as in the form of processed chips, kelanting, fried cassava, boiled cassava and others. Cassava has good prospects in Merauke Regency as an alternative food. For local people, cassava is even the main food besides sago because it is easy cultivation without a difficult cultivation system. The indigenous Papuans in the Merauke area, namely the Marind tribe, in cultivating cassava are still very simple without applying good or right cultivation techniques or production techniques. Cassava has good prospects in Merauke, so it is necessary to study in supporting food security improvement programs. This study aims to 1) assess production potential based on land area and the amount of cassava production in supporting food availability in Merauke Regency; 2) reviewing the characteristics of the spread of cassava commodities in Merauke Regency. 2. METHODS

2.1. Location and Data Source The research method used in this study is descriptive analytical research. The research was conducted in Merauke Regency in December 2017 and January 2018 using secondary data, namely time series data on land area and cassava production in 2013 - 2017. In addition, to support this study there were key informants in the field who could explain the cassava farming system.

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2.2. Data Analysis Potential production and availability of cassava food related to food security in Wonogiri Regency were analyzed based on secondary data using Location Quotient (LQ). Basically this technique presents a relative comparison between the capabilities of one sector between the areas investigated with the capabilities of the same sector in a wider area (Warpani, 2001). Location Quotient (LQ) formula as follows: ( ∶ ) = ( ∶ ) where: pi = Production or harvest area of cassava commodities at the District level in Merauke Regency. pt = Production or harvest area of food crops of all commodities at the District level in Merauke Regency. Pi = Production or harvest area of cassava commodities in Merauke Regency. Pt = Production or harvest area of food crops of all commodities in Merauke Regency. I = The area of cassava cultivation in the districts in Merauke Regency, namely Kimaam District, , Kurik, Animha, Malind, Merauke, Naukenjerai, Semangga, Tanah Miring, Jagebob, Sota, Elikobel and Ulilin District. Assumptions used: The pattern of population demand for cassava commodities in each district is considered to be in accordance with the demand pattern of Merauke Regency. Decision making criteria (Wibowo and Januar, 1998; Setiono, 2011; Daryanto and Hafizrianda, 2010): The value of LQ = 1, means that the harvest / production area of cassava commodities at the district level of Merauke Regency is relatively the same as the harvest / production area of cassava commodities at the Merauke Regency level. a) The value of LQ> 1 means that the harvest / production area of cassava commodities at the district level of Merauke Regency is relatively greater than the harvest / production area of cassava commodities at the Merauke Regency level, and the district is the base district based on the harvested / produced cassava commodity in Merauke Regency. b) LQ value <1, means that the harvest / production area of cassava commodities at the district level i is relatively smaller than the harvested / produced cassava commodity at Merauke Regency level or the district is not a base (non base) based on the harvested / produced cassava commodity in Merauke Regency. The second test on the characteristics of the spread of cassava commodities in Merauke Regency was analyzed using localization and specialization analysis (Setiono, 2011). a) The coefficient of localization is used to measure the spread or relative concentration of agricultural activities of cassava commodities in Merauke Regency using the formula: αi = [Si / Ni] – [ΣSi / ΣNi] where: αi: Coefficient of localization, which is positive with value 0 ≤ α ≤ 1 Si: Production of cassava commodities in the district of Merauke Regency i (ton) Ni: Production of cassava commodities in Merauke Regency (ton)

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ΣSi: Total food crop production in Merauke Regency i district (ton) ΣNi :Total food crop production in Merauke Regency (ton) I: Districts in Merauke Regency, namely Kimaam District, Okaba, Kurik, Animha, Malind, Merauke, Naukenjerai, Semangga, Tanah Miring, Jagebob, Sota, Elikobel and Ulilin District. Decision making criteria: α ≥ 1 : The cassava commodity farming activities in Merauke Regency do not spread or are concentrated in a district α< 1 : The cassava commodity farming activities in Merauke Regency spread in several districts. b) The specialization coefficient is used to see the tendency of specialization of agricultural activities in Merauke Regency on cassava commodities. βi = [Si / ΣSi] – [Ni / ΣNi] where: βi: Specialization coefficient, which is positive with value 0 ≤ β ≤ 1 Si: Production of cassava commodities in the district of Merauke Regency (ton) Σsi: Total food crop production in the district of Merauke Regency (ton) Ni: Production of cassava commodities in Merauke Regency (ton) Σni: Total food crop production in Merauke Regency (ton) I: Districts in Merauke Regency, namely Kimaam District, Okaba, Kurik, Animha, Malind, Merauke, Naukenjerai, Semangga, Tanah Miring, Jagebob, Sota, Elikobel and Ulilin District. Decision making criteria: Β ≥ 1 :Merauke Regency specializes in agricultural activities in cassava commodities Β <1 :Merauke Regency does not specialize in agricultural activities in cassava commodities.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1. District Basis based on Harvested Cassava Area in Merauke Regency in 2013 - 2017. Determination of base or non-base districts based on harvested area and production of cassava commodities in Merauke Regency uses the average value of LQ over a period of 5 years, from 2013 to 2017. The average use of data over 5 years aims to avoid the results biased and less accurate. So that 13 districts were selected from 20 districts in Merauke Regency because they had harvested and produced cassava commodities which were always available every year. The results of data analysis are based on the total harvested area of all food crop commodities and the total harvested area of cassava commodities at the district and district level as a reference, so that it can be used in calculating LQ to see which districts are the cassava base in Merauke Regency. The results of the Location Quotient (LQ) analysis of indicators of harvested area of cassava commodities in Merauke Regency can be seen in Table 1. In Table 1., it can be known that among the 13 districts in Merauke Regency there are 9 districts which have the potential to harvest the cassava commodity with an average LQ of more than one in the period 2013-2017, namely Sota District, Ulilin, Animha, Jagebob, Kimaam, Okaba, Elikobel, Naukenjerai and Merauke. This shows that the nine districts have a

http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1017 [email protected] Analysis of Potential Development of Cassava As a Food Source in Merauke District high ratio of harvested area of cassava commodities to the harvested area of all food crops cultivated in Merauke Regency. So that in the nine districts that provide opportunities for developing cassava commodities in the future. While the districts of Kurik, Malind, Semangga and Tanah Miring District show an average number of LQ values of less than one, which means that these districts are non-cassava commodity base districts. Then from a number of these districts sorted into districts with the largest LQ values until the districts with the smallest LQ based on harvest area indicators to make it easier to see which districts are the basis and have potential harvested area in Merauke Regency. Sota District is one of the districts that has the potential to develop cassava based on the planting yields obtained used to increase cassava production. The large ratio of harvested area of cassava commodities is due to BPS data in 2018 Sota District has 19.00 hectares of paddy fields while fields / huma is 87.00 hectares with a height of 5-20 meters above sea level, this causes cassava become one of the many cultivated commodities, because the commodity of cassava is one of the commodities that can grow well in dry land. Although empirically the total harvested area in Sota District is relatively small and not dominant compared to Jagebob District and Malind District. Cassava in Sota District is currently only limited to family consumption and the processing is still as simple as boiling, frying and burning, the absence of buyers remains the reason that few people sell cassava so that the marketing chain is the main problem. In cultivating cassava the community still uses simple equipment such as hoes and machetes, this is because cultivating cassava is not so difficult and the capital is not so large and access to an easy planting place because most people plant around the yard. Actually the community has the knowledge, ability and desire to seek cassava if the marketing is clear so that cassava farming activities can improve the economy. Not to mention that as many as 667 hectares of land that have not yet been cultivated in Sota District have the potential to expand cassava cultivation in the district.

Table 1 Results of Analysis of Location Quotient (LQ) Value Indicator of Harvest Area of Cassava Commodities in Merauke Regency. Location Quotient (LQ) No District Average Criteria 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 1 Sota 23.28 13.43 8.40 29.89 73.14 29.62 Base 2 Ulilin 4.43 5.84 5.82 13.79 18.97 9.77 Base 3 Animha 7.27 10.91 7.33 10.44 8.41 8.87 Base 4 Jagebob 6.52 6.79 5.39 8.14 12.05 7.77 Base 5 Kimaam 2.98 3.24 8.01 5.74 15.67 7.12 Base 6 Okaba 3.30 2.54 1.23 7.24 13.31 5.52 Base 7 Elikobel 2.87 5.85 3.66 5.54 1.86 3.95 Base 8 Naukenjerai 5.26 0.40 2.73 1.76 3.61 2.75 Base 9 Merauke 0.59 0.95 0.64 1.90 1.24 1.06 Base 10 Malind 1.42 0.88 0.77 0.40 0.36 0.76 Non Base 11 Kurik 0.34 0.37 0.27 0.29 0.30 0.31 Non Base 12 Tanah Miring 0.37 0.22 0.19 0.39 0.27 0.28 Non Base 13 Semangga 0.20 0.21 0.25 0.08 0.20 0.18 Non Base where: LQ > 1 then the intended District includes the cassava base area.

LQ = 1 then the intended District includes a balanced area. LQ < 1 then the District in question includes non-cassava area.

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Regions that have the potential to develop cassava as an effort to improve local food security in eastern Indonesia as an alternative food besides rice and other foods are the districts of Ulilin, Animha, Jegebob, Kimaam, Okaba, Elikobel, Naukenjerai and Merauke District. The results of the analysis presented in Table 1. also showed that some districts turned out to be not bases or could not be used as areas for cassava development. The regions include Malind, Kurik, Tanah Miring and Semangga districts. The four districts based on field data show that the potential of wetlands is wider than dry land. The government in Merauke Regency has determined the efficacy of the area as a center for food production for large commodities. This is supported by the potential of wetlands which are very suitable for the development and increase of food for rice komidoti. Tarigan (2012) states that the LQ method is a method that compares the portion of a particular sector in an area compared to the portion of the same sector in a wider area or reference area. This shows that what needs to be underlined in the LQ method is the portion of a sector. A sector or commodity may have a higher output quantity in a region than the same sector or commodity in the other region. However, the portion of the output quantity of the sector or commodity may be small to the total output as a whole. Therefore, although the districts of Kurik, Malind, Semangga and Tanah Miring have a high cassava harvest area, the portion of the harvested area and the amount of production is small relative to the total harvested area of food crops in these districts.

3.2. District based on the Amount of Cassava Production in Merauke Regency Next is determining the basis or non-base district based on the total production of cassava commodities in Merauke Regency using the average value of LQ over a period of 5 years, from 2013 to 2017 in 13 of the 20 districts in Merauke Regency which have a number of production from 2013-2017. The results of the analysis in Table 1. showed that based on the calculation of the total production of all food crops and the amount of cassava commodity production at the district and district levels as a reference, it can be used in LQ calculations to see which districts are cassava bases timber in Merauke Regency. The results of the Location Quotient (LQ) analysis indicator of the production of cassava commodities in Merauke Regency can be seen in Table 2.

Table 2 Results of Analysis of Location Quotient Value (LQ) Indicator of Number of Production of Cassava Commodities in Merauke Regency. Location Quotient (LQ) No District Average Criteria 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 1 Sota 14.86 9.57 3.61 13.55 22.35 12.78 Base 2 Ulilin 0.91 10.13 8.17 14.93 19.06 10.64 Base 3 Jagebob 9.24 9.82 5.46 8.29 11.49 8.86 Base 4 Kimaam 4.02 5.48 4.72 6.47 13.37 6.81 Base 5 Animha 0.00 11.86 5.55 7.84 6.98 6.44 Base 6 Elikobel 5.33 9.86 5.23 6.26 2.58 5.85 Base 7 Okaba 4.53 3.77 1.48 5.71 8.87 4.87 Base 8 Naukenjerai 5.45 1.67 3.03 1.77 3.53 1.03 Base 9 Merauke 0.55 0.98 0.49 1.38 1.17 0.91 Non Base 10 Malind 1.12 1.03 0.91 0.47 0.44 0.79 Non Base 11 Kurik 0.41 0.31 0.48 0.31 0.32 0.36 Non Base 12 Tanah Miring 0.38 0.19 0.17 0.34 0.25 0.26 Non Base

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13 Semangga 0.23 0.28 0.18 0.06 0.14 0.17 Non Base where: LQ > 1 then the intended District includes the cassava base area.

LQ = 1 then the intended District includes a balanced area. LQ < 1 then the District in question includes non-cassava area. In Table 2. it can be known that among the 13 districts in Merauke Regency there are 8 districts which have the potential number of production of cassava commodities with an average LQ of more than one during the period 2013-2017, namely Sota District, Ulilin, Animha, Jagebob , Kimaam, Okaba, Elikobel and Naukenjerai. This shows that the eight districts have a high ratio of the production of cassava commodities to the total production of food crops at the district level compared to the total production of cassava commodities at the district level compared to all food crops cultivated in Merauke Regency. So that in the eight districts it provides opportunities for developing cassava commodities in the future. While the districts of Kurik, Malind, Merauke, Semangga and Tanah Miring District show an average number of LQ values of less than one, which means that these districts are non-cassava commodity base districts with indicators of total production. Then from a number of these districts sorted into districts with the largest LQ values until the districts with the smallest LQ value based on the number of production indicators to make it easier to see which districts are the basis and have the potential amount of production in Merauke Regency. The results of the analysis are presented in Table 2., showing that there are 8 distribution bases based on the amount of production. The districts are Sota, Ulilin, Jagebob, Kimaam, Animha, Elikobel, Okaba, and Naukenjerai districts. The analysis also shows that based on the potential amount of production data that Sota District has the highest potential for developing cassava production in Merauke Regency. This is because the total production of Sota cassava commodities to the total production of food crops is greater than the total production of cassava commodity in the district to the number of production of district food crops, the result is that the LQ value of cassava in Sota District is relatively higher than other districts. . The large ratio of the production of cassava commodities is also due to the large ratio of cassava harvest area in the large Sota District, this causes the number of cassava production in the same year is also large, coupled with the commodity of cassava which can grow well in the fields in the District Sota. This is similar to other districts which can be the basis for developing cassava production in Merauke Regency. Whereas districts that do not have a base for developing sweet potato based on reference data on production numbers from 13 districts that cultivate cassava, namely Merauke District, Malind District, Kurik, Tanah Miring, and Semangga. Kurik, Malind, Semangga and Tanah Miring Districts are districts that have a high number of cassava commodity production in Merauke Regency during the period 2013-2017. However, the results of the analysis show that the average value of LQ produced is less than one. This is because the ratio of the production of cassava commodities to the amount of food crop production in the district is smaller than the ratio of the production of cassava commodities to the total amount of food crop production in Merauke Regency. The small number of production of cassava commodities in the district year after year is due to several reasons, one of which is the area of land used to grow cassava commodities which is converted to other interests, for example for other food crops and timber plants which are considered to have economic value higher than cassava plants and marketing of cassava which often encounter obstacles. Another reason is also due to the potential in some districts that have more paddy fields so that the district is more suitable for crops in paddy fields, namely rice.

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3.3. Characteristics of Distribution of Cassava Commodities in Maerauke Regency To support or strengthen the results of the LQ analysis that has been carried out in determining the cassava commodity base, the characteristics of the spread of cassava commodities in Merauke Regency also need to be known. Determination of the characteristics of the spread of cassava commodities in Merauke Regency in this study used localization and specialization analysis. Localization analysis was used to determine the characteristics of the spread of cassava commodity farming activities in Merauke Regency. Specialization analysis is used to see trends in the specialization or specialization of agricultural activities in Merauke Regency on cassava commodities. By knowing the characteristics of the spread of cassava commodities, it is expected that there will be an effort to develop the potential in each district of the cassava commodity. The data used for localization analysis and specialization in this study is data on food crop production in Merauke Regency during the period 2013-2017. The spread of cassava commodities can be known by calculating the localization coefficient value. The localization coefficient is obtained from the difference between the comparison of cassava commodity production in the district and cassava commodity production in Merauke Regency with a comparison of total food crop production in the district and total food crop production in Merauke Regency. The localization coefficient is the sum of the localization values that are positive. If the localization coefficient is greater than one, then the cassava commodity farming activities in Merauke Regency do not spread or tend to be concentrated in a District. If the localization coefficient is less than one, the cassava commodity farming activities in Merauke Regency spread in several districts. The following is the result of calculating the localization coefficient of cassava commodities in Merauke Regency.

Table 3 Positive Localization Coefficient ( α) Value of Cassava Commodities in Merauke Regency 2013-2017. Positive Localization Coefficient Value ( α) No District 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 1 Kimaam 0.0239 0,0184 0,0557 0,0265 0,1019 2 Okaba 0.0047 0,0044 0,0014 0,0069 0,1019 3 Kurik -0.1268 -0,1788 -0,1355 -0,1685 -0,1984 4 Animha -0.0012 0,0139 0,0034 0,0102 0,0104 5 Malind 0.0210 0,0034 -0,0080 -0,0686 -0,0722 6 Merauke -0.0197 -0,0003 -0,0178 0,0125 0,0051 7 Naukenjerai 0.0367 0,0122 0,0093 0,0067 0,0162 8 Semangga -0.1541 -0,1193 -0,1582 -0,1791 -0,1717 9 Tanah Miring -0.1825 -0,2813 -0,2289 -0,2062 -0,2155 10 Jagebob 0.2893 0,2905 0,2540 0,2902 0,2713 11 Sota 0.0483 0,0223 0,0166 0,0602 0,1198 12 Elikobel 0.0607 0,1261 0,0686 0,0449 0,0019 13 Ulilin -0.0005 0,0882 0,1394 0,1613 0,1228 Total 0.4846 0,5794 0,5484 0,6194 0,7513

Average forMerauke Regency 0.5966 Based on Table 3. it shows that not all districts in Merauke Regency always have a positive localization coefficient each year. Districts that have positive localization values in 2013 recorded seven districts, namely Kimaam, Okaba, Malind, Naukenjerai, Jagebob, Sota, and Elikobel Districts. Based on Table 3., it also shows that there are six districts in Merauke Regency that have positive localization coefficients each year in the period 2013-2017, namely

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Kimaam, Okaba, Naukenjerai, JagebobSota and Elikobel Districts. This is because the ratio between the production of cassava commodities in each of these districts and the production of cassava commodities in Merauke Regency is greater than the ratio between total food crop production in each of these districts and the total production of food crops in Merauke Regency throughout 2013 -2017. This shows that during the 2013-2017 cassava commodity farming activities in Merauke Regency were spread. The agricultural activity of cassava commodities in Merauke Regency that spreads shows that land conditions in each district in Merauke Regency are suitable for the development of cassava commodities. This is in line with that of Merauke Regency Central Bureau of Statistics (2017) that the Merauke Regency area still has a lot of untapped land. After conducting Localization Analysis, the next step is to do specialization analysis. Specialization analysis is used to find out whether Merauke Regency specializes in agricultural activities in cassava commodities. Specialization analysis is the difference between the comparison of cassava commodity production in a district and food crop production in a district compared to the production of cassava commodities in Merauke Regency and food crop production in Merauke Regency. If the specialization coefficient value is less than one, Merauke Regency does not specialize in agricultural activities for cassava commodities. If the specialization coefficient value is more than or equal to one, Merauke Regency specializes in agricultural activities in cassava commodities. The following Table 4 is the result of calculating the coefficient of cassava commodity specialization in Merauke Regency.

Table 4 Positive ( β) Specialization Coefficient Value of Cassava Commodities in Merauke Regency 2013-2017. Positive ( β) Specialization Coefficient Value No District 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 1 Kimaam 0.0419 0,0564 0,1600 0,1723 0,3496 2 Okaba 0.0490 0,0348 0,0214 0,1482 0,2224 3 Kurik -0.0081 -0,0086 -0,0214 -0,0214 -0,0189 4 Animha -0.0138 0,1367 0,1958 0,2152 0,1691 5 Malind 0.0017 0,0003 -0,0032 -0,0164 -0,0157 6 Merauke -0.0061 -0,0001 -0,0210 0,0121 0,0050 7 Naukenjerai 0.0616 0,0085 0,0878 0,0242 0,0715 8 Semangga -0.0106 -0,0089 -0,0345 -0,0295 -0,0241 9 Tanah Miring -0.0085 -0,0101 -0,0349 -0,0204 -0,0211 10 Jagebob 0.1144 0,1110 0,1916 0,2293 0,2965 11 Sota 0.1924 0,1079 0,1227 0,3945 0,6036 12 Elikobel 0.0601 0,1115 0,1819 0,1656 0,0445 13 Ulilin -0.0011 0,1149 0,3080 0,4383 0,5104 Total 0.5211 0.6820 1.2692 1.7997 2.2726

Average Specialization Coefficient Merauke Regency 1.3088 Table 4 shows that in the period 2013-2017 there were several districts in Merauke Regency that did not have a positive specialization coefficient value. In 2013 the coefficient of specialization for cassava commodities in Merauke Regency was 0.5211, which means that the coefficient was less than one, so that in 2013 the districts that had positive specialization coefficient values in Merauke Regency did not specialize in agricultural activities for cassava commodities. Districts that have positive specialization coefficients in 2013 amounted to seven districts, namely Kimaam, Okaba, Malind, Naukenjerai, Jagebob, Sota, and Elikobel Districts. Likewise, the specialization coefficient value in 2014 was also positive and increased to 0.6820.

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The number of districts with positive specialization coefficient values also increased, namely Kimaam, Okaba, Animha, Malind, Naukenjerai, Jagebob, Sota, Elikobel and Ulilin Districts. In 2015 the value of the cassava commodity specialization coefficient in Merauke Regency was also positive and experienced an increase from the previous year to 1.2692. The districts that have positive specialization coefficients for the year are reduced, namely Kimaam, Okaba, Animha, Naukenjerai, Jagebob, Sota, Elikobel and Ulilin Districts. In 2016 the specialization coefficient value was also positive and increased to 1.7997. The number of districts with positive specialization coefficient values also increased, namely Kimaam, Okaba, Animha, Merauke, Naukenjerai, Jagebob, Sota, Elikobel and Ulilin Districts. This means that the value of the commodity specialization coefficient is more than one, so in the period 2013-2017, in the districts that have a positive specialization coefficient value in Merauke Regency specializes in one of its agricultural activities in cassava commodities. This is because the districts that have a positive specialization coefficient on cassava commodities are mostly dry land. This condition causes farmers to grow cassava which is one of the commodities that is suitable for dry land and an easy way to cultivate it. The results of localization analysis and specialization above can show the characteristics of the spread of cassava commodities in Merauke Regency where from the results of localization analysis showed that in the period 2013-2017 cassava commodity farming activities in Merauke Regency were spread with localization analysis values of less than one namely 0 , 5966 and shows there are six districts that have positive localization coefficient values each year, namely Kimaam, Okaba, Naukenjerai, JagebobSota and Elikobel Districts. Meanwhile the results of the analysis of specialization show that in the period 2013-2017 Merauke Regency specialized in agricultural activities on cassava commodities with an average value of specialization coefficients of 1.3088 and showed specialization occurred in 2015, 2016 and 2017 and continued to increase each year. 4. CONCLUSION The results of the study concluded that there were 9 (nine) districts which formed the basis for the development of cassava production based on the potential of land area, namely Sota District, Ulilin, Animha, Jagebob, Kimaam, Okaba, Elikobel, Naukenjerai, and Merauke District. Whereas the area that has the potential to develop cassava production is based on the potential of harvested area, namely 8 (eight) districts, namely Sota District, Ulilin, Jagebob, Kimaam, Animha, Elikobel, Okaba, and Naukenjerai. While based on regional suitability / distribution and specialization, it can be concluded that 3 regions that can be considered in the development of food development are based on production data and cassava planting area, namely Sota District, Ulilin District and Jagebob District. REFERENCES

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