Peer-Reviewed Journal Tracking and Analyzing Disease Trends pages 519–688 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF D. Peter Drotman Managing Senior Editor EDITORIAL BOARD Polyxeni Potter, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Dennis Alexander, Addlestone Surrey, United Kingdom Senior Associate Editor Barry J. Beaty, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Brian W.J. Mahy, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Martin J. Blaser, New York, New York, USA Christopher Braden, Atlanta, GA, USA Associate Editors Carolyn Bridges, Atlanta, GA, USA Paul Arguin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Arturo Casadevall, New York, New York, USA Charles Ben Beard, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Kenneth C. Castro, Atlanta, Georgia, USA David Bell, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Thomas Cleary, Houston, Texas, USA Charles H. Calisher, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Anne DeGroot, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Michel Drancourt, Marseille, France Vincent Deubel, Shanghai, China Paul V. Effl er, Perth, Australia Ed Eitzen, Washington, DC, USA K. Mills McNeill, Kampala, Uganda David Freedman, Birmingham, AL, USA Nina Marano, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Kathleen Gensheimer, Augusta, ME, USA Martin I. Meltzer, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Peter Gerner-Smidt, Atlanta, GA, USA David Morens, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Duane J. Gubler, Singapore J. Glenn Morris, Gainesville, Florida, USA Richard L. Guerrant, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA Patrice Nordmann, Paris, France Scott Halstead, Arlington, Virginia, USA Tanja Popovic, Atlanta, Georgia, USA David L. Heymann, Geneva, Switzerland Jocelyn A. Rankin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Daniel B. Jernigan, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Didier Raoult, Marseille, France Charles King, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Pierre Rollin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Keith Klugman, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Dixie E. Snider, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Takeshi Kurata, Tokyo, Japan Frank Sorvillo, Los Angeles, California, USA S.K. Lam, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia David Walker, Galveston, Texas, USA Bruce R. Levin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA David Warnock, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Myron Levine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA J. Todd Weber, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Stuart Levy, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Henrik C. Wegener, Copenhagen, Denmark John S. MacKenzie, Perth, Australia Founding Editor Marian McDonald, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Joseph E. McDade, Rome, Georgia, USA John E. McGowan, Jr., Atlanta, Georgia, USA Tom Marrie, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Copy Editors Ban Mishu-Allos, Nashville, Tennessee, USA Karen Foster, Thomas Gryczan, Beverly Merritt, Rhonda Ray, Philip P. Mortimer, London, United Kingdom Carol Snarey, P. Lynne Stockton Fred A. Murphy, Galveston, Texas, USA Production Barbara E. Murray, Houston, Texas, USA Carrie Huntington, Ann Jordan, Carole Liston, Shannon O’Connor, P. Keith Murray, Geelong, Australia Reginald Tucker Stephen M. Ostroff, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA David H. Persing, Seattle, Washington, USA Editorial Assistant Richard Platt, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Susanne Justice Gabriel Rabinovich, Buenos Aires, Argentina www.cdc.gov/eid Mario Raviglione, Geneva, Switzerland Leslie Real, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Emerging Infectious Diseases David Relman, Palo Alto, California, USA Emerging Infectious Diseases is published monthly by the Centers for Disease Connie Schmaljohn, Frederick, Maryland, USA Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Telephone 404-639-1960, fax 404-639-1954, email [email protected]. Tom Schwan, Hamilton, Montana, USA Ira Schwartz, Valhalla, New York, USA The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessar- Tom Shinnick, Atlanta, Georgia, USA ily refl ect the opinions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the Bonnie Smoak, Bethesda, Maryland, USA institutions with which the authors are affi liated. Rosemary Soave, New York, New York, USA All material published in Emerging Infectious Diseases is in the public domain P. Frederick Sparling, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA and may be used and reprinted without special permission; proper citation, how- Robert Swanepoel, Johannesburg, South Africa ever, is required. Phillip Tarr, St. Louis, Missouri, USA Use of trade names is for identifi cation only and does not imply endorsement Timothy Tucker, Cape Town, South Africa by the Public Health Service or by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Elaine Tuomanen, Memphis, Tennessee, USA Services. John Ward, Atlanta, Georgia, USA ∞ Emerging Infectious Diseases is printed on acid-free paper that meets the requirements of Mary E. Wilson, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA ANSI/NISO 239.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper) Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 4, April 2009 April 2009 Oseltamivir-Resistant Infl uenza Virus A (H1N1), Europe, 2007–08 Season ....................... 552 A. Meijer et al. A high level of virus circulation and introduction of an antigenic drift variant in a susceptible population contributed to the spread of resistant virus. Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Central Plateau, Southeastern, and Southern Brazil ........................................... 561 On the Cover L.T.M. Figueiredo et al. Ray Troll (b. 1954) This syndrome is an increasing health problem because of Fishes of Amazonia (2000) human encroachment into habitats of rodent reservoirs. Acrylic on canvas (21.13 m × 4.57 m) Miami Museum of Science, Miami, Florida, USA Dispatches About the Cover p. 682 568 Rift Valley Fever, Mayotte, 2007–2008 D. Sissoko et al. Research 571 High Prevalence of Spirochetosis in Cholera Patients, Bangladesh Experimental Infection of Potential E.J. Nelson et al. Reservoir Hosts with Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus, Mexico ............................... 519 574 Genetic Diversity of Toscana Virus E.R. Deardorff et al. p. 544 X. Collao et al. Multiple wild rodents can serve as amplifying reservoir hosts 578 Co-infection with Pansensitive for virus subtype IE. and Multidrug-Resistant Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Exotic Small Mammals as Potential M.P. Mendez et al. Reservoirs of Zoonotic Bartonella spp. .......... 526 581 Enterovirus 71 Maternal Antibodies in K. Inoue et al. Infants, Taiwan By serving as reservoirs, these mammals may increase risk S.-T. Luo et al. for human infections. 585 Correlation between Tick Density and Enhancing Time Series Detection p. 589 Pathogen Endemicity, New Hampshire Algorithms for Automated Biosurveillance .... 533 S.T. Walk et al. J.I. Tokars et al. 588 Lobomycosis in Offshore Bottlenose Algorithm modifi cations may improve sensitivity for detecting Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), North artifi cially added data. Carolina D.S. Rotstein et al. Animal Reservoir Hosts and Fish-borne Zoonotic Trematode 591 Concurrent Chikungunya and Dengue Infections on Fish Farms, Vietnam .................. 540 Virus Infections, Gabon, 2007 E.M. Leroy et al. N.T.L. Anh et al. Cats, dogs, and pigs may be reservoir hosts. 594 Gnathostomiasis Acquired by British Tourists in Botswana Novel Type of Streptococcus J.S. Herman et al. pneumoniae Causing Multidrug- 598 Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Resistant Acute Otitis Media (Patera Foot) in Immigrants, Spain in Children ..........................................................547 H.-G. Ternavasio-de la Vega et al. Q. Xu et al. A new multidrug-resistant strain of serotype 19A has been 601 Congenital Transmission of Chagas characterized in upstate New York. Disease in Latin American Immigrants in Switzerland Y. Jackson et al. Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 4, April 2009 604 Genotype V St. Louis Encephalitis Virus, Florida C.L. Ottendorfer et al. April 2009 Human Febrile Illness Caused Another Dimension by Encephalomyocarditis Virus 681 Travels in Gene Space Infection, Peru .................................................... 640 J.W. Tang M.S. Oberste et al. This virus was identifi ed in serum samples from 2 febrile patients. Letters 607 Chagasic Cardiomyopathy in Immigrants Dispatches from Latin America to Spain 647 Rapid Diagnostic Test for Syphilis in 608 Lethal Bluetongue Virus Serotype 1 High-Risk Populations, Manaus, Brazil Infection in Llamas M. Sabidó et al. 610 Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia Closely 650 Spatial Distribution of Leprosy in the Related to R. japonica, Thailand Amazon Region of Brazil M.L.F. Penna et al. 611 Segniliparus rugosus Infection, Australia 653 Oral Transmssion of Chagas Disease by 613 Multigenotype Q Fever Outbreak, the Consumption of Açaí Palm Fruit, Brazil Netherlands p. 635 A.A. Nóbrega et al. 614 Buruli Ulcer and Vector-Borne Diseases, 656 Severe Acquired Toxoplasmosis Caused Victoria, Australia by Toxoplasma gondii, French Guiana 616 Avian Infl uenza Risk Perception among B. Carme et al. Poultry Workers, Nigeria 659 Links between Climate, Malaria, and 617 Mycobacterium avium subsp. Wetlands in the Amazon Basin hominissuis Infection in a Pet Parrot S.H. Olsen et al. 619 Mycobacterium colombiense and 663 Seroprevalence of Kaposi Sarcoma– Pseudotuberculous Lymphadenopathy associated Herpesvirus, Brazilian 621 Leptospira noguchii and Human and Amazon Animal Leptospirosis, Southern Brazil M.C. Nascimento et al. 623 Aquaculture and Florfenicol Resistance in 668 Dengue and Malaria in Cayenne Hospital, Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium French Guiana DT104 (response) B. Carme et al. The Amazon Region Letters 672 Lobomycosis in Inshore and Estuarine Commentary p. 647 Dolphins The Status of Infectious Disease 673 Variations in Leprosy Manifestations in the Amazon Region ....................................... 625 among HIV-Positive Patients, Manaus, P.L. Tauil Brazil 675 Suspected Brazilian Purpuric Fever, Synopsis Brazilian Amazon Region High Incidence