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What a year! The end of another year is upon us already! Every year, I promise that I’ll pay more Editor - Amy Saunders attention to the passing months, and yet every year, I’m surprised that it’s December already and we’re gearing up for the holidays. Maybe next year I’ll manage to keep a closer eye on the calendar! It’s been an interesting year for the space sector. Several of the planned small satellite constellations have begun to be launched in earnest - however, LeoSat looks set to be the sector’s first casualty, having ceased operations in November; 5G has hit certain parts of the world, including the UK; ultra-high frequency bands like V-band are rapidly coming into action; NASA has activated the first Deep Space Atomic Clock; space tourism is edging closer to reality, with space planes such as Virgin Orbit’s making major headway; in the Brexit-turmoil that is the UK, new deals are urgently being made to enable us to stay a major player in the space sector, and a whopping three new spaceports in Scotland and Cornwall are in the planning stages; NASA is investigating the world’s first space crime; Russia has sent a humanoid robot to the ISS. In terms of markets, we’re happy to see DTH and OTT continuing to grow - complementing one another nicely, while mobile satellite services, particularly for maritime and aviation, are booming. Satellite capacity costs may not be at their best, but they’re not at their worst either. There have been some major changes at Satellite Evolution as well. We’ve added two fabulous new members to our sales and marketing team – Belinda Bradford and Jill Durfee – and appointed our first News and Social Media Editor, Laurence Russell. Some readers will have noticed my absence from events this year following maternity leave – I’m looking forward to getting my feet back on the ground in the new year! All in all, it’s been a great year for the space and satellite sectors, and for Satellite Evolution as well. May it be followed by an even better year in 2020!

Photo courtesy of Shutterstock

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November/December 2019 - Vol.16. - No6. Editor Amy Saunders 1 Editorial 4 Satellite news [email protected] What a year! News and Views

News and Social Media Editor Laurence Russell [email protected]

Contributing Editors Bert Sadtler, Mark Williamson

Marketing and Business Development Manager Belinda Bradford [email protected]

Sales Manager Sam Baird Debris Removal - page 6 [email protected]

Sales Director Jill Durfee [email protected]

Publisher Richard Hooper [email protected]

Managing Director David Shortland [email protected]

High Throughput Satellites - page 8 Earth Observation - page 12 Front cover photo courtesy of ICEYE No part of this publication may be transmitted, reproduced or electronically stored without the written permission from the publisher.

DS Air Publications does not give any warranty as to the content of the material appearing in the magazine, its accuracy, timeliness or fitness for any particular purpose. DS Air Publications disclaims all responsibility for any damages or losses in the use and dissemination of the information. Government VSAT Solutions - page 16 Q&A AMOS Spacecom - page 20

All editorial contents Copyright © 2019 DS Air Publications All rights reserved ISSN: 1745-5502

Printed by: Times Printing Singapore

Broadcast Piracy - page 24 Critical Communications - page 28

DS Air Publications 1 Langhurstwood Road Horsham West Sussex, RH12 4QD United Kingdom T: +44 1403 273973 F: +44 1403 273972 Email: [email protected] www.satellite-evolution.com Q&A GTMaritime - page 32 Interference - page 36

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ND SATCOM selects WORK Microwave A-Series DVB-S2X combined with IP encapsulation and traffic shaping — will gateways be replaced by the WORK Microwave A-Series platform. With For its leading network product portfolio SKYWAN 5G, with the new SKYWAN 5G R1.6, both DVB Gateway products are hybrid MF-TDMA and DVB-S2X, ND SATCOM has selected fully supported. A mix of ODG-200 and AT-60 at different sites WORK Microwave’s A-Series DVB-S2X modulator platform. within the same network is feasible; SKYWAN 5G terminals The SKYWAN 5G DVB solution features a unique two- use the same signalling protocol for terminal registration and way broadband satellite communication network for high- ACM with both products.  quality services, combining the widely adopted DVB-S2/S2X transmission standard with the ND SATCOM MF-TDMA Omnispace supports WRC-19 decisions on sharing of technology optimised for real-time traffic in mesh topologies. spectrum resources SKYWAN 5G DVB comprises a DVB-S2 outbound link and Omnispace, the company that is reinventing mobile up to 16 configurable TDMA full-meshed carriers. The communications by building one global hybrid network, SKYWAN 5G DVB solution performs policy-based dynamic welcomes the outcomes of the International routing and leverages DVB-S2/S2X and TDMA satellite Telecommunication Union’s (ITU) World Radiocommunication access for highly efficient bandwidth utilisation to best fit end- Conference (WRC-19) that was held recently in Sharm el- user applications. Sheikh, Egypt. The WRC-19 made critical decisions regarding SKYWAN 5G’s new release R1.6 features advances such efficient use of global spectrum resources, including those as Pure Data Channels for efficiency-optimised meshed MF- related to the 2GHz S-band (1980-2010 MHz/2170-2200 TDMA topologies. In addition, the latest version of SKYWAN MHz). 5G introduces full support for WORK Microwave’s A-Series By providing interference analysis and measurements, product portfolio as the preferred DVB gateway for outbound Omnispace actively participated in the studies related to the transmissions. ND SATCOM collaborated with WORK Microwave to seamlessly integrate the A-Series all-IP platform with SKYWAN 5G. The AT-60 IP Modulator was selected due to its high-performance features, including a flexible SDR (Software Defined Radio) architecture that was customised for SKYWAN 5G. Offering support for DVB-S2X up to 256APSK, the AT-60 IP Modulator and the AT-80 wideband variant are the perfect platforms for a variety of applications, from low to very high throughput. “We continue to seek synergistic opportunities that uphold the excellence our brand represents and our customers expect. The integration of WORK Microwave’s A-Series into our latest SKYWAN 5G release does exactly that,” said ND SATCOM CEO, Alexander Mueller-Gastell. By supporting DVB-S2X extensions, WORK Microwave’s AT-60 IP modulator embedded in the DVB Gateways provide operators with a future-proof platform that offers smaller roll- offs, advanced filtering, and higher modulation schemes for increased efficiency gains. “Today’s satellite operators are looking for high- performance, cost-effective satcom solutions, and that’s why we’ve teamed up with ND SATCOM,” said WORK Microwave CEO, Thomas Fröhlich. “Combining the latest SKYWAN 5G DVB solution with our AT-60 IP Modulator, end-users can achieve unparalleled efficiency and flexibility for a wide range of applications.” WORK Microwave’s AT-60 IP modulator is one of the industry’s only solutions that comes predistortion-ready for automatic group delay and nonlinearity compensation. Using this capability, operators can mitigate the negative effects in satellite filters and amplifiers while reducing power and increasing beam coverage, throughput, and availability. The latest SKYWAN 5G solution featuring WORK’s A- Series ensures high-performance DVB outbound link capabilities, including DVB Gateway redundancy and ACM (Adaptive Coding and Modulation) on the DVB outbound path toward the SKYWAN 5G remotes. DVB Gateway management is integrated in the SKYWAN 5G NMS, which allows on-the- fly parameter changes as part of network-wide reconfigurations of DVB services. The SKYWAN ODG200 DVB Gateway — based on the Photo courtesy of Blue Origin very reliable WORK Microwave DVB-S2X modulator module

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coexistence of mobile-satellite services and terrestrial mobile services in the 2GHz S-band. Omnispace is pleased that the www.satellite-evolution.com ITU took action by setting guidelines to protect both services, including establishing a power limit on mobile stations that Want to supply content for consideration? transmit in the 1980-2010MHz band or limiting the use of Contact the Editor: [email protected] this band to an uplink mode (user equipment to base stations). The WRC-19 also made the decision to balance expanding deployment of outdoor radio local area networks TriSept and Satellite Applications Catapult team to (RLANs) in the 5GHz band with the current use of the band advance space access in the UK and beyond by global non-geostationary mobile-satellite services TriSept Corporation, a leading provider of launch integration systems. These efforts represent important steps in management services for commercial and government supporting ongoing technological innovation in hybrid missions, has signed a comprehensive teaming agreement satellite/terrestrial networks and systems like those operated with Satellite Applications Catapult, to explore and accelerate by Omnispace. new innovations, missions and space access across the “As we look to bring connectivity to users around the world burgeoning UK space industry and beyond. via ‘one global network,’ Omnispace supports the work of Satellite Applications Catapult, part of The Catapult the ITU in ensuring scarce resources are efficiently utilized network and one of dozens of innovative firms based at the while still enabling innovation,” said Mindel De La Torre, Chief Regulatory and International Strategy Officer of Omnispace LLC. “We are delighted that WRC-19 adopted guidelines for Administ- rations that address the co-existence of terrestrial and mobile-satellite services in the 2GHz band. The resolution of this difficult issue is a testament to the enormous efforts from all participants to obtain a satisfactory result for all.” 

Blue Origin’s 12th mission Is a success New Shepard carried out a wholly successful mission on December 11, 2019. This mission was another step towards verifying New Shepard for human spaceflight as it continues to mature the safety and reliability of the vehicle. This was the 6th flight for this particular New Shepard vehicle. Blue Origin has so far reused two boosters five times each consecutively, so this marks a record with this booster completing its 6th flight to space and back. This particular rocket has been an operational payload vehicle for several flights, meaning there are no more updates to the system. This was also the 9th commercial - payload mission for New Shepard, and it is proud to be have flown its 100th customer on board (with 23 customer payloads on board). Also on the vehicle were thousands of postcards from students around the world for the company’s nonprofit Club for the Future. The Club’s mission is to inspire future generations to pursue careers in STEM and help visualize the future of life in space.

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Harwell Space Cluster, provides world-leading facilities and TriSept is a significant milestone in our overall mission to expertise for the benefit of the UK space sector. TriSept also stimulate innovation and economic growth across the UK announced its alliance with SA Catapult includes a full-time space industry,” said Stuart Martin, CEO of the Satellite presence on the Harwell campus, where TriSept will expand Applications Catapult. “TriSept’s decades of launch integration its global launch integration services business in 2020. and brokerage experience combined with our rapid- As part of the collaborative alliance, the two companies prototyping, manufacturing and testing facilities will bring will leverage their complementary strengths to package unparalleled benefits to the burgeoning UK space market. TriSept’s deep launch integration, planning, engineering and We look forward to this alliance taking shape and making a brokerage competencies with Catapult’s engineering difference across the space sector.”  expertise and growing test, clean room and logistics coordination facilities. Together, the duo expects to build a ESA commissions world’s first space debris removal mission manifest for new vertical and horizontal launch sites “Imagine how dangerous sailing the high seas would be if all in England and Scotland. the ships ever lost in history were still drifting on top of the “TriSept is going global to help drive space access in water,” says ESA Director General Jan Wörner. promising new space markets like the UK, where we can join “That is the current situation in orbit, and it cannot be our proven and trusted launch integration and brokerage allowed to continue. ESA’s Member States have given their skillset with incredibly innovative companies like Catapult to strong support to this new mission, which also points the contribute to new possibilities in space,” said Rob Spicer, way forward to essential new commercial services in the TriSept President and CEO. “By launching our international future.” presence with Catapult within the Harwell Space Cluster, “Even if all space launches were halted tomorrow, TriSept is extremely well positioned to broker and support projections show that the overall orbital debris population exciting new missions in the UK. Our partnership with Catapult will continue to grow, as collisions between items generate will ultimately have a significant impact on the traditional and fresh debris in a cascade effect,” says Luisa Innocenti, new space industries in the UK, Europe, and the US.” heading ESA’s Clean Space initiative. “We need to develop TriSept has enabled the launch of more than 200 satellites technologies to avoid creating new debris and removing the on 70 different missions and 20 different launch vehicles from debris already up there.” 13 launch sites around the world, including the NASA VCLS “NASA and ESA studies show that the only way to stabilise ELaNa XIX mission that lifted 10 CubeSats into orbit aboard the orbital environment is to actively remove large debris the Rocket Lab Electron from Mahia, New Zealand in items. Accordingly we will be continuing our development of December of last year. Satellite Applications Catapult is essential guidance, navigation and control technologies and keenly focused on driving new space infrastructure and rendezvous and capture methods through a new project applications that support and accelerate the growth of the called Active Debris Removal/ In-Orbit Servicing – ADRIOS. UK space industry, projected to capture a 10 percent share The results will be applied to ClearSpace-1. This new mission, of the global space market by 2030. implemented by an ESA project team, will allow us to “This collaborative partnership between Catapult and demonstrate these technologies, achieving a world first in the process.” The ClearSpace-1 mission will target the Vespa (Vega Secondary Payload Adapter) upper stage left in an approximately 800km by 660km altitude orbit after the second flight of ESA’s Vega launcher back in 2013. With a mass of 100kg, the Vespa is close in size to a small satellite, while its relatively simple shape and sturdy construction make it a suitable first goal, before progressing to larger, more challenging captures by follow-up missions – eventually including multi-object capture. The ClearSpace-1 ‘chaser’ will be launched into a lower 500km orbit for commissioning and critical tests before being raised to the target orbit for rendezvous and capture using a quartet of robotic arms under ESA supervision. The combined chaser plus Vespa will then be deorbited to burn up in the atmosphere. 

Leonhardt & Blumberg renews long term fleet contract with Marlink Leonhardt & Blumberg (L&B), Germany’s largest independent charter owner of 15,000-35,000 DWT container ships and ship management company, has renewed its long-standing partnership with Marlink for the provision of quality global VSAT connectivity. Marlink’s managed connectivity service excellence and digital solutions are recognised as a strong foundation for L&B’s on-going fleet digitalisation, which will deliver more efficient and greener maritime operations. Marlink has Rob Spicer, TriSept President and CEO established a firm position of trust through its existing

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confirmation that our partnership has supported crew satisfaction, safety and logistical efficiency as well as L&B’s desire to operate using less fuel and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Our guaranteed and managed connectivity and IT solutions have simultaneously provided L&B with cost predictability and high-performance global service, and we are looking forward to continuing our cooperation.” 

Advantech Wireless Technologies announces release of specialized C-band 5G filter Advantech Wireless Technologies Inc., has released a specialized filter which will prevent 5G base stations from interfering with C-band satellite signals. The filter design has Photo courtesy of Marlink been extensively tested and is available for immediate shipment. The FCC recently announced its decision to make partnership with L&B, thanks to consistently high quality of 280MHz of C-band spectrum available for 5G services. This service and an active, supportive local maintenance and decision will accelerate the deployment of 5G services, and customer care presence. it will likely cause some interference with satellite service L&B’s positive experience is reflected in turn by references providers who operate in the C-band. In the foreseeable from Marlink’s substantial and varied customer base, leading future, many cellular base station transmitters will be allocated to Marlink’s status as the preferred service provider of every to the 5G network resulting in the ubiquitous presence of third shipping company worldwide. The contract scope for interfering signals with sufficiently high-power levels to require L&B covers 30 vessels currently using the dependable and the use 5G filters to maintain quality of service. flexible Sealink Premium Plus solution – powered by the “We believe that the effects of this decision will be felt, XChange communications management platform and not only in the USA, but in many other regions around the accommodating value-added services including the SkyFile world. Preparations for large-scale 5G deployments are Mail and antivirus suite. This ensures VSAT connectivity with already underway in Europe and Japan. This will prompt guaranteed backup to keep onboard applications online and existing satellite operators and users of C-band to take crew connectivity working seamlessly. preventive measures to protect their existing satellite links “We have had the pleasure of working with L&B for many from possible interference, or even complete shutdown. With years and supporting their move towards more efficient and the common use of wide-band receivers, the likelihood of environmentally conscious operations,” says Tore Morten interference is extremely high”, said John Restivo, President Olsen, President Maritime, Marlink, “The contract renewal is of Advantech Wireless Technologies. 

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Photo courtesy of Kacific

aeronautical and maritime, are seeing much greater HTS: A new era connectivity capabilities thanks to HTS, while remote locations, and in particular island nations, are making great High throughput satellites (HTS) are big use of the technology for a wide variety of applications, including broadcasting. business today, with a great many in orbit Indeed, the HTS market is booming. According to BIS around the world delivering high-speed Research’s ‘Global High throughput Satellite Market, Analysis connectivity services, largely for consumer & Forecast, 2018-2023,’ the HTS market, estimated at US$3,466 million in 2017, is expected to grow to US$7.31 applications. HTS have come a long way in the billion by 2023. This massive growth is attributed to the last decade, garnering more capabilities and growing need for network connectivity, the rising demand for being brought into use by many smaller HTS constellations, and the increase in deployment of HTS companies for niche applications. for commercial end users. The consumer broadband segment dominated the global HTS market in terms of capacity revenue in 2017; for the 2018-2023 forecast period, the The satellite sector has undergone a renaissance in recent mobility sphere is set to come out ahead, with maritime and years, as high throughput satellite (HTS) technology has aeronautical connectivity both driving the market. brought traditional GEO satellites into the 21st Century. Meanwhile, ResearchAndMarkets’ ‘Global High- Providing many times more throughput than a traditional throughput Satellite Market – Focus on Application geostationary satellite - in some cases, a factor of 100 - HTS (Broadband, Enterprise, Mobility, Government, Cellular provide more capacity at a vastly reduced price. While Backhaul, and Broadcast) and Subsystem: Analysis and traditional GEO satellites utilise extremely broad beams to Forecast, 2018-2023,’ report agrees with the 2017 revenue cover wide regions or entire continents, HTS use a large and market segment findings. The report states that North number of small spot beams and a high level of frequency America, followed by Latin America, Asia Pacific, Middle East reuse to boost capacity. and Africa, and Europe, are expected to dominate the market The primary application of HTS today is in the delivery of during the 2018-2023 period. Asia-Pacific is expected to grow high-speed consumer Internet; prior to HTS, satellite-based at the highest CAGR, with Indonesia really making its mark Internet services were extremely costly compared to their on the sector. terrestrial counterparts, and thus only used in areas unconnected by fibre, however, with the advent of HTS, the Native capabilities prices between satellite and terrestrial connectivity are Originally in the hands of only the world’s largest satellite broadly comparable. More and more, governments, operators, HTS technology has now come into reach for enterprises and businesses are making use of HTS capacity smaller national operators to help enhance their countries’ to augment their existing capabilities, thanks in part due to connectivity and economies. the favourable pricing. The mobility markets, mainly Back in February, Indonesia’s first HTS, Nusantara Satu,

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was launched by SpaceX to GEO on board a Falcon 9 rocket. face major updates to form a highly secure, interoperable, Built by Indonesia’s PT Pasifik Satelit Nusantara (PSN), ultra-high-performance network, tailored for the fluid nature Nusantara Satu will deliver voice, data and video distribution of customer demand in diverse global mobile broadband services throughout Southeast Asia, and, most notably, is markets. expected to provide 3Mbps of Internet connectivity to 10,000 Meanwhile, Kacific Broadband Satellites Group, which Indonesia villages this year. delivers high-speed broadband for underserved, remote and Poor communications infrastructure outside of Java has rural markets with disseminated pockets of population, is led many Indonesians to rely on satellite Internet. PSN sells gearing up for the launch of its first HTS, Kacific1. The its satellite Internet service to remote villages for US$7 per company is currently utilising Ka-band capacity from existing GB, a ‘pricey’ sum according to the Jakarta Post, while other satellite operators to deliver services ahead of the launch. providers offer 30GB for US$2.10 within Java. The price may The Boeing-built satellite is particularly notable due to its be high and the speed low – 3Mbps via PSN, compared to a condominium nature; the 702-satellite platform is shared with country-wide average of 7.2Mbps – but there are an estimated SKY Perfect JSAT Corporation. Once launched, Kacific will 25 million Indonesians with no access to alternatives. PSN operate 57 Ka-band spot beams, each with 1.25Gbps of is also currently working on two further satellites, Nusantara bandwidth, selectively tailored to cover a disperse footprint Dua and Nusantara Tiga, planned for launch in 2020 and of 20 Pacific and Southeast Asian nations. The company 2022. states that the satellite will deliver high-speed Internet to Malaysia, too, will be getting its first HTS in the not too provide access to online education, healthcare and public distant future. Airbus announced back in May that it is building services, helping to connect the dots of Southeast Asia and MEASAT-3d, a new multi-mission satellite to replace capacity the Pacific to the digital world. Following very healthy and augment its core business in Malaysia, the Middle East and Africa, for Malaysia’s MEASAT. As well as providing C and Ku-band capacity for DTH, video distribution and telecommunication services, and an L-band navigation payload for the Korea Augmentation Satellite System (KASS) for KTSAT, MEASAT-3d will feature HTS ka-band capacity with multiple spot beams optimised to deliver high speed broadband to bridge the digital divide in Malaysia. “With MEASAT-3d, MEASAT reaffirms its commitment to provide core infrastructure for the Malaysian ICT and broadcast industry,” said Edmund Kong, MEASAT’s Chief Technology Officer. “Collocated with MEASAT-3a and MEASAT-3b at 91.5°E, MEASAT-3d will serve the growth requirements of 4G and 5G mobile networks in Malaysia while continuing to provide redundancy and additional distribution capacity for video in HD, 4K and ultimately 8K in the Asia- Pacific region. Furthermore, MEASAT-3d will aid in bridging the digital divide in Malaysia by enabling 100 percent coverage for high speed consumer broadband services to all Malaysian households.”

A new era of HTS The first set of HTS focused purely on ramping up capacity capabilities, bringing with it the dramatic fall of capacity costs for users everywhere. This has been a great business model for many satellite operators, with new applications such as mobility really opening up in the wake of more affordable connectivity. The next step, however, will see HTS undergo a change to being about more than just massive amounts of capacity. Inmarsat, which operates the world’s only globally available, high-speed broadband network, Global Express (GX), managed by a single operator, is gearing up for the launch of three more GX payloads (GX5, GX6A and GX6B) in 2019, 2020 and 2021, and has recently announced plans for an additional three GX satellites (GX7, GX8 and GX9), which will bring the GX constellation to a total of ten satellites. The new high throughput satellites will deliver unparalleled agility, according to Inmarsat, as well as an enhanced ability to adopt and integrate future technology innovation and Starlink mission. Photo courtesy SpaceX disruption to the GX product line. The ground network will

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bandwidth sales back in 2017, Kacific is now looking into constellation by the 2020s, orbiting at altitudes of 500km and Kacific2. 1,200 km. In June, it was announced that former ABS CEO Thomas High throughput goes small Choi’s Airspace Internet exchange Inc. wireless technology Now abundant in GEO, HTS are now also entering the small company has launched Saturn Satellite Networks Inc., in satellite NGSO frame. Several companies are utilising HTS order to build a space-qualified, small GEO satellite platform technology to enhance the capabilities of standalone small called Nationsat. satellites and constellations for LEO, MEO and GEO. Built entirely in the USA, Nationsat features a fully digital In May, SpaceX launched the first of its 60 Starlink payload and 2.5kW bus design that enables complete satellites, the first step in its next-generation satellite frequency agility and bandwidth channelization for users who constellations which will connect the globe, ‘especially need wide beam C and Ku-band capacity, as well as an HTS reaching those who are not yet connected, with reliable and version that provides more than 80Gbps through spot beams. affordable broadband Internet services.’ Providing satellite The satellites are low-cost and highly flexible, reportedly Internet connectivity to the four billion people currently without allowing users to save 70-80 percent of current market pricing access due to affordability or geography is the current goal for bent pipe GEO satellites. The HTS Nationsats will cost of quite a number of planned satellite constellations, and less than US$1 million per Gbps delivered on-orbit. SpaceX CEO Elon Musk has been quite open in his plans to Saturn Satellite Networks hopes to serve as a vital cog in use the business to fund his dreams of reaching Mars. the global effort to bring affordable, satellite connectivity to Each of the Starlink satellites features multiple high the emerging markets of the world and to the more than 150 throughput antennas and a single solar array and are capable nations that have not been able to afford satellites in the past. of tracking on-orbit debris and autonomously avoiding The company has already executed an early development collisions. contract with its first customer, valued at more than US$10 SpaceX requires six more launches to begin offering its million, and recently passed a rigorous Preliminary Design satellite Internet service across most of the Earth. The Review (PDR) on the firm’s path to delivering the Nationsat company ultimately envisages a 12,000-strong satellite systems in 2020.

Nusantara Satu Mission

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SSTL and OSS deployable SAR Observing the earth with SAR satellites

Earth observation satellites have had a massive impact on everyday life for much of the world’s population, delivering essential services, and helping us to understand our world that much better. In recent years, we’ve seen greater focus on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellites, which have unique capabilities when it comes to observing the Earth.

Earth observation has been a mainstay of the satellite during 2019-2024, with one of the main drivers named as industry since the first generation of satellites were launched the technological improvements in satellite imagery. High into orbit. Performing what we now consider essential tasks, resolution cameras and advanced remote sensing technology such as climate monitoring, weather mapping, atmospheric have improved the quality of the data collected, helping boost observations, ocean monitoring, wildfire and disaster demand. response services, just to name a few, Earth observation Geospatial Media and Communications’ 2019 edition of satellites have changed the world for billions of people, the Global Geospatial Industry and Readiness Index is in whether they know it or not. The sector has gone from strength broad agreement with Market Insight Reports, citing a 13.8 to strength over the years and has become increasingly percent CAGR from US$339 billion in 2018 to US$439.2 advanced in its capabilities with the advent of lower cost small billion in 2020. Geospatial Media and Communications satellites, which have enabled academic and research attributes growing demand to improved quality, as well as institutions put some heavy theories to test. ‘democratization of geospatial information riding on integration with advances in digital technologies and resulting Go big or go home innovative business models.’ Indeed, it expects the Earth The demand for Earth observation data is absolutely observation industry alone to grow at a CAGR of 9.1 percent booming, as reflected by the large number of new Earth to US$11.8 billion by 2023. observation projects ongoing, and satellites being launched According to some studies, the government and military into a variety or orbits. segment accounted for the largest share in the global Earth Market Insight Reports’ ‘Global Satellite-based Earth observation market in 2018 and is expected to remain the Observation Services Market Size, Status And Forecast 2019- leader in this area through to 2023, when it is expected that 2025’ reports that the satellite-based Earth observation industry will catch up. Geographically, North America services market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 13 percent accounted for the highest share of the market in 2018,

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although the Asia-Pacific is expected to see the highest resolution radar satellite images are uniquely helpful for both growth in the years to come as efforts to transform the national distinguishing small objects, and for accurately classifying economy and strengthen national security amp up. larger objects such as vessels. These added capabilities of ICEYE’s SAR satellites are especially valuable in resolving SAR satellites challenges in sectors such as emergency response, finance, One of the latest developments we’re seeing in the Earth civil government, and maritime security. observation sphere is a leaning towards increased use of “Offering satellite imagery day and night, regardless of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) capabilities. cloud cover, and at these very high resolutions, makes small Like other satellites, SAR satellite operate in L, C and X- SAR the new standard for reliable and timely imaging,” band, and less commonly, other frequency bands. One of said Rafal Modrzewski, CEO and co-founder of ICEYE. “The the advantages SAR satellites hold over traditional satellites imagery we’ve released today shows that the previously is their ability to collect data at any time of day or night, entirely perceived limits of small satellite SAR continue to be solved independent of cloud coverage. In addition, SAR satellites by our extremely talented teams at ICEYE.” have repeating paths which, utilising two phase datasets for Meanwhile, in August, ICEYE announce that its SAR the same location at different times, allows for interferometric satellite constellation is now considered a Third-Party Mission SAR (InSAR) showing relative ground displacements between under evaluation for the European Space Agency (ESA). As the two datasets along the direction of the radar beam. a result, a continued analysis of ICEYE’s SAR data from its Essentially, SAR satellites bounce a microwave radar signal satellites will be performed under the framework of the off the Earth’s surface to detect physical properties. Earthnet Data Assessment Pilot (EDAP). In the framework Historically, SAR satellites have been used for everything of the Earthnet programme, ESA and its Member States from oil spill tracking, mapping territories, and studying continue to stimulate global cooperation between space icebergs. Today, their unique capabilities have brought about actors around activities aiming to acquire and share a significant amount of interest from government and commercial entities alike.

ICEYE reports world-first SAR imaging achievement ICEYE is just one of the most recent start-ups exploring the possibilities of SAR satellites. The company is part way through launching a planned 18 small X-band SAR satellites, which will ultimately enable any spot on the Earth’s surface to be re-imaged every 3-4 hours. The company’s current imaging capabilities are used by government and commercial clients in segments as diverse as emergency response, insurance, finance, and maritime safety. In July, ICEYE launched two new ICEYE SAR satellites, growing the company’s in-orbit capacity for government and commercial SAR users. Since launching its previous SAR satellites, ICEYE has made further improvements in imaging resolution, the amount of available imaging during each orbit, and delivery timelines throughout the delivery chain to customers. The company plans to have launched five satellites by the end of 2019. In August, ICEYE became the first in the world to achieve better-than one-metre resolution imagery from under-100kg SAR satellites. The new Spotlight imaging capability builds on ICEYE’s legacy of leading the way on small satellite SAR since its history-making first small SAR satellite launch in January 2018. ICEYE’s newly developed Spotlight imaging mode enables under one-metre radar imaging from the company’s satellites. With Spotlight imaging, the satellite focuses its energy on a smaller area for a longer time, resulting in more data received from the same location. This in turn can be processed into more detailed imagery. Very high-

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resources and knowledge on our planet for the benefit of all “Synspective’s first demonstration satellite is to be citizens. Planet and Spire are also considered Third Party launched in 2020 and is steadily being developed,” said Missions under evaluation. Synspective’s Co-founder and CEO, Motoyuki Arai. The evaluation will tackle calibration and validation “Customized solutions services have already been contracted activities, and assess the products’ specifications, and will by several companies, prior to launch. By providing objective also allow any interested user to investigate the suitability of satellite data, Synspective will contribute to the progress of the data for scientific and R&D activities. “ICEYE’s SAR the advancing world by supporting people’s decision-making satellite constellation being considered a Third-Party Mission and impactful actions.” under evaluation for the European Space Agency helps users Indeed, earlier this year it was announced that explore our data for their purposes. This framework helps Arianespace had signed a launch contract with Synspective organisations gain access to timely and reliable information, for its StriX-á satellite, which will be launched into Sun- which we’re here to provide,” said Modrzewski. “We’re proud synchronous orbit next year. In addition to the launch service to have achieved this status with ESA, as it ultimately results contract, Synspective and Arianespace have also signed a in ICEYE data being more widely in use.” Strategic Partnership Agreement to study a future cooperation. Synspective gears up for 2020 launch Japanese start-up Synspective, Inc. is another company set SSTL and OSS join forces on SAR payload to revolutionise Earth observation capabilities with its small It’s not just start-ups getting in on the small SAR satellite SAR satellites. In July, Synspective announced that it has action either. Back in April, Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd accumulated US$100 million in funding since its founding in (SSTL) and Oxford Space Systems (OSS) were awarded a 2018, making it the world’s fastest and Japan’s second highest National Space Technology Programme funding to develop funded space start-up. The funding will be utilised to an innovative and stowage-efficient SAR payload. strengthen development, manufacturing systems, and SSTL has built up quite a history of working on low-cost solutions. SAR missions, and in 2018 launched NovaSAR-1, a low-cost The company’s core technology was developed by the 450kg S-band demonstration mission which is acquiring SAR ImPACT program led by The Cabinet Office, Government of data for mission partners the UK Space Agency, Australia’s Japan. Around 25 of Synspective’s small SAR satellites will Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research form their own constellation to allow frequent observation of Organisation, and the Indian Space Research Organisation. areas of interest. The data provided will be transformed into This new technology delivers a truly disruptive solution user-friendly information to be supplied to governments and and is a key enabler for the next-generation of SAR services commercial companies. from orbit where, according to the partners, there are currently

ICEYE- testing in anechoic chamber

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earth.pmd 14 15/12/2019, 17:45 Earth Observation

no low volume, deployable SAR payload solutions that meet Development. “We believe that there is a strong market for the price points and lead times of the NewSpace this new SAR payload, with a shift in the market towards opportunities. small satellites in LEO constellations delivering increased OSS’ expertise in novel deployable antennas combined revisit times and a demand for non-optical EO data or with SSTL’s extensive experience with small, cost-competitive combined SAR/optical data.” satellites will deliver a powerful collaboration to successfully “This collaboration under UK Space Agency’s NSTP address this global market opportunity. The innovative SAR Flagship funding allows us to focus on maturing a variant of payload will comprise of a highly stowage-efficient deployable our ‘wrapped rib’ antenna toward on-orbit demonstration,” said antenna from OSS and a high bandwidth radar instrument Shefali Sharma, Senior Commercial Strategist at Oxford and RF system from SSTL. Space Systems. “We view this novel SAR payload as a key Successful completion of the project will enable the OSS enabler for the next-generation of communications and SAR antenna to be flown on a future demonstration mission from services from orbit. The antenna is highly scalable and tunable SSTL targeted for a 2021 launch. and has been specifically designed for volume production, Although an essential part of many geostationary satellites targeting smallsat constellations. As such, it’s suitable for a and likely to form a critical part of a large number of smaller range of commercial opportunities not only here in the UK, LEO spacecraft, Europe currently does not have a flight- but globally too.” proven deployable antenna solution. Existing deployable reflector antenna technologies tend to fold like an umbrella A bright future into a long cylindrical form, which is not compatible with small The large number of existing and planned SAR satellite launch envelopes and have significant structural challenges projects is indicative of a new era in Earth observation involved in supporting the cylindrical antenna during launch. solutions. Interest in SAR solutions is heightened, and In contrast, OSS’ novel deployable ‘wrapped-rib’ SAR antenna investment is rife. It’ll be an interesting few years as more of is highly stowage-efficient and deploys from a ‘doughnut’ type these projects come online, and the collected data becomes configuration. increasingly commonplace among the companies which “The novel antenna technology from OSS combined with utilise it. Of course, standard satellite imagery, such as that SSTL’s low cost remote sensing systems are key enablers to provided by Planet and Spire, along with many others, will realise a new generation of disruptive, cost-versus- continue to be absolutely vital to projects across the globe; performance, SAR and mixed SAR/optical missions,” said but wider capabilities and more options is always a good Andrew Cawthorne, SSTL’s Director of Sales and Business thing!

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earth.pmd 15 15/12/2019, 17:45 Valuable VSAT Solutions

PathFinder Digital's BAT-750 Satellite Terminal Advancing government capabilities with VSAT

Tens of millions of very small aperture terminals (VSATs) are installed far and wide, providing essential broadcasting, communications and connectivity infrastructure the world over. Not just limited to commercial and enterprise, VSATs provide valuable solutions for government and military agencies around the world, helping to deliver mobile connectivity, rebuild in war zones, and protect borders.

When the world’s first wave of satellites came into play, are two-way satellite ground stations featuring a dish antenna terrestrial antennas were massive receive-only dishes smaller than 3.8m - the majority being between 75cm and requiring huge amounts of power to operate, and with a steep 1.2m - a block upconverter (BUC), low-noise block price to match. As technology has advanced, terrestrial downconverter (LNB), orthomode transducer (OMT), antennas have shrunk in size, weight and power (SWaP) interfacility link cable and indoor unit. With many millions in requirements; they have become more affordable to purchase play around the world today, the VSAT sector is thriving. and run. This shrinkage opened up satellite communications VSATs are used throughout many of the industries that to a huge variety of industries, with ever more advanced rely on satellite for their communications capabilities the world technologies opening doors around the world. over; satellite Internet, communications-on-the-move (COTM) Very small aperture terminals (VSATs) have been in play for maritime, aviation and land-mobile, oil and gas, military since the 1980s, with the first commercial products being and government, enterprise – including but not limited to capable of only receiving C-band transmissions via satellite. remote and mobile banking and credit card transactions – The technology has come a long way since then, with two- emergency communications, remote learning, etc. VSATs, way communications between terrestrial VSATs and satellites and the satellite services provided through them, are the in orbit enabled over a variety of frequencies. Modern VSATs answer to delivering all manner of connectivity to hard-to-

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vsats.pmd 16 15/12/2019, 17:57 Valuable VSAT Solutions

reach locations, such as much of Asia, which would and having a holistic view of the entire communications traditionally be served by fibre if not for their island topography. infrastructure. This year, the focus has turned to the ‘how’ – how to implement acquisition reform, how to design robust Cost-effective communications and resilient communications infrastructure, and how to Part of the proliferation of VSATs is their cost-effectiveness. integrate commercial technologies within and alongside Where once upon a time, the small terminals were MILSATCOM networks.” prohibitively expensive for all but the most essential of applications, technology has advanced such that VSATs are Advancing mobile connectivity now relatively affordable, and much more readily available. Pathfinder Digital, a specialist in the development of RF and CAPEX has been overtaken by OPEX; prices are now so low free space optical satellite ground terminal solutions primarily that companies considering VSATs must pay more mind to for military and government agencies, was awarded a follow- operating costs than unit prices. The services delivered via on contract by General Dynamics Mission Systems for the VSAT, too, have become more affordable as satellite capacity production and delivery of BAT-750 mobile VSAT (MVSAT) prices have fallen, and the relatively new high frequency terminals for integration and use on the US Army Prophet bands such as Ka promise higher data rates combined with Program back in May. Prophet is the US Army’s leading lower costs. A win-win for end-users and VSAT equipment signals intelligence (SIGINT) program that enables tactical manufacturers alike. commanders to securely and accurately detect, identify, NSR’s VSAT and Broadband Satellite Markets 17th Edition, locate and deter a wide range of signal emissions on the released in January, forecasts cumulative revenues of battlefield. US$159 billion in the next decade, with 13.4 percent annual PathFinder Digital’s BAT-750 is a fly-away and/or vehicle growth in the installed base of consumer sites. Enterprise mount satellite communications terminal operating in Ku- VSAT is noted as a solid contributor with US$12.3 billion in band. The BAT-1214 and BAT-850 terminals operate in Ka, capacity revenues by 2027. The report’s co-author, Lluc Ku and X-band. PathFinder began supplying the Prophet Palerm, notes that satellite consumer broadband is ‘just Program MVSAT solutions back in 2010 when it was asked scratching the surface of the opportunity, capturing less than to develop mobile ground system tri-band VSAT terminals one percent of the potential addressable market.’ Video is operating in Ku, Ka and X-bands, for immediate deployment reported as the primary driver of data traffic in the broadband on the Trojan network as well as future deployment on WIN- segment, while backhaul remains the key vertical, generating T. 55 percent of cumulative revenues in the next 10 years, in PathFinder Digital was also awarded a follow-on contract the enterprise side of things. The popularity of VSAT in the by General Dynamics Mission Systems for upgrades and commercial and enterprise markets has helped bring a level resets to PathFinder’s BAT-750 satellite terminals. The of security and reliability to the terminals that is required by upgrades include integration of a new antenna control unit military groups everywhere. and modem, installation of EMI filters, and installation of Indeed, as VSAT technology has matured, its proliferation enhancements to reduce vibration of the antenna while throughout government and military agencies has been notable. The reduction in size, weight and power (SWaP), reduced CAPEX and OPEX, and the growing need for assured, reliable and secure communications in the battlefield, has seen a boom in popularity of VSAT within these spheres. Satellite has always been a fundamental communications asset among military and government groups, and right now we’re seeing renewed investment into next-generation government-owned MILSATCOM systems during a new period of strong growth. NSR’s Government and Military Satellite Markets, 15th Edition, reports more than US$71 billion in cumulative revenues are expected by 2027, with acquisition reform, expanded low-cost offerings from the commercial market, and geopolitics all helping grow the segment. Indeed, with just over US$5 billion revenues in 2017, up by US$500 million in 2016, annual global MILSATCOM revenues are expected to double in the next decade. Land- mobile and unmanned aerial systems (UAS) applications are leading the market segment, generating more than 64 percent of revenues; VSAT will have a major role to play in the land- mobile market. According to the report, flexible terminals are key: “Gov & Mil customers need more connectivity than ever before – from all orbits, and frequencies – and from both commercial and proprietary networks,” said report author and Senior Analyst, Future-proof and feature-rich 1.5-metre antenna system Brad Grady. ”The debate today isn’t entirely MILSATCOM vs. enabling high-speed broadband at sea and network gateways. Photo courtesy Intellian COMSATCOM, it’s about acquiring new, flexible terminals,

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vsats.pmd 17 15/12/2019, 17:57 Valuable VSAT Solutions

operating on military MRAP All Terrain Vehicles (M-ATVs) in to the South Asia Satellite (GSAT-9) launched by the Indian harsh terrain. Space Research Organization (ISRO) in May 2017. It was “PathFinder is proud to have built and fielded with the built in cooperation with members of the South Asian Prophet Program the BAT-750 and BAT-1214 terminals. And Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), which we are especially pleased to see these terminals being includes Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, the refurbished for continued service to the US Army,” said Roger Maldives, and Sri Lanka, but paid for solely by India. The McGarrahan, CEO of PathFinder Digital LLC. satellite is part of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s ‘neighbourhood-first’ foreign policy, a way for India to Rebuilding in war zones strengthen diplomatic ties with its neighbours. It provides VSATs have proven invaluable for providing reliable, secure services such as communications, e-learning, TV communications between the battlefield and home base, as broadcasting and banking, with India providing technical well as for re-establishing communications in the wake of a assistance to the countries involved. disaster to help coordinate relief efforts. Less well- “The station in Thimphu (Bhutan) is seen as India’s documented is the installation of VSAT networks in order to counter to the satellite tracking infrastructure created by China help rebuild military and strategic operations in former and in Tibet,” reported The Times of India. The Tibetan region of ongoing war zones, but that’s exactly what NIC4 is doing in southwest China shares a 3,380-kilometre (2,100 mile) border Iraq right now. with India. A separate article by The Times of India noted In February, a division of Network Innovations Group, that China’s Tibetan facilities gave it the ability to track India’s NIC4, received a foreign military sales (FMS) delivery contract satellites and other space assets. for the Iraq Ministry of Defence’s (MOD) VSAT Phase One Construction of the space monitoring stations and terminals programme. Under the five-year contacts, NIC4 will sustain are being carried out by India’s Alpha Design Technologies, and support the VSAT network by providing knowledge-based which specializes in the integration and installation of defence services including satellite bandwidth services for fixed and electronics, avionics, and space-satellite systems. It is working mobile users, and backup VSAT hub services. in conjunction with the ISRO. “Enabling the Iraqi Government to utilise satellite connectivity as part of the government’s rebuilding is significant in coordinating military and strategic operations,” said NIC4 in a statement. “Running critical communications over satellite networks reduces the Iraqi Government’s dependency on vulnerable terrestrial infrastructure and ensures military and strategic services are operational at all times.” NIC4 will also reportedly offer Internet access over the VSAT network, satellite transition services and equipment, public Internet protocol (IP) addresses, and annual maintenance and sustainment support. The work is expected to be completed in January 2024.

Defending borders Satellite capabilities are one mark of a resilient country capable of maintaining its own technological independence and protecting its borders and citizens. Those up to date on their geopolitics will be aware of the increasing ‘threat’ of China to India, a matter also under close scrutiny by the US Government. China has invested heavily in a space observatory with eight large telescopes and a ground station to track the Micius quantum communications satellite in Ngari, a prefecture in Tibet some 120km away from the Sino-India Line of Actual Control, which separates Indian and Chinese- controlled territory in the Himalayas. Several Indian newspapers have warned that the station poses a threat to India and surrounding countries, warning that it might be expanded to integrate China’s anti-satellite missile weapons. In response, India is installing hundreds of VSATs in five neighbouring countries in a diplomatic move designed to counter China’s influence in the region. Bhutan, Nepal, the Maldives, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh will each host one large ground station with 7.5m antennas, and 100 VSATS, enabling applications such as TV broadcasting, Internet, disaster management and telephony, according to The Times of India. 3.7 Meter Axisymmetric VSAT Antenna. Credit General The ground stations and VSATs in each country are linked Dynamics

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vsats.pmd 18 15/12/2019, 17:57 Untitled-2 1 20/11/2019, 18:40 Q&AQ&A AMOSAMOS SpacecomSpacecom Flexibility to answer customer demands

AMOS Spacecom is an Israeli fixed-satellite operator and service provider serving end to end broadcast and broadband solutions to markets across Afro-Eurasia. Spacecom enjoys a wide network of partners from including teleports, consultants, Jacob Keret, SVP Sales, AMOS Spacecom and content and hardware providers. Jacob Keret, SVP Sales & Eran Shapiro, Director of Business & Technology Ventures, discussed the new AMOS-17 platform with Satellite Evolution’s Laurence Russell.

Question: What’s your perspective on generation Boeing channelizer. It a tri- the state of the satellite market in band satellite with a C-band HTS 2019? payload, fixed, steerable Ka-band HTS Eran Shapiro: We see a lot of beams, and some regional Ku-band evolutions in business and technology. beams. An encouraging observation is that Because it’s fully channelized, all between 2017 and 2018, the number the beams, across all regions, across of GEO satellite orders in the all bands, can cross connect with one commercial sector was below ten, and another, so if I want to uplink in Europe in 2019 it has exceeded that threshold in Ku-band and downlink in Africa in C- by the close of the third quarter, which band and vice-versa, I can mix and is very promising for the industry. match, which gives our architecture We feel like many companies have remarkable flexibility to answer Eran Shapiro, Director of Business customer demand. & Technology Ventures AMOS been sitting on the fence in terms of how Spacecom they plan to refresh their satellite fleets It also allows a service provider to due to the hype around LEO or Very run a domestic hub in whatever band High Throughput Satellites (VHTS). No they wish, which can interact with all RF one wants to invest two to three hundred chains and bands down the line, since million dollars on a satellite that could those hubs will be able to access others be obsolete in five years, but everyone through AMOS-17. That’s fantastically wants to be ahead of the curve. While useful for service providers with one the players were apprehensive at first, band hubs without the CAPEX to branch I think that now the pros and cons are into another setup. better understood, alongside the The C-band HTS payload on the growing demand for satcom worldwide, satellite covers the Sub-Saharan we’re noticing much more confident countries with no need for an out of investment. country gateway. Any hub you set up The true nature of how low Earth can be connected to any other within orbit (LEO) will impact the market is yet the network, allowing a provider to serve to be seen, but however things may customers across continents. This kind change, it doesn’t alter the fact that the of flexibility lets us work with multiple demand for satellite-based services are partners to commercialise AMOS-17’s steadily increasing. capacity. We have very high performance Question: AMOS-17, an HTS set to across our C-band beams allowing you serve the Africa region, was recently to exceed gigabits of capacity. That kind launched on a Falcon 9. What are of high performance allows us to serve your goals with that installation? remote rural areas, where strong Eran Shapiro: AMOS-17 is unique in a connectivity was previously prohibitively Q&A few aspects, and we’re very excited by difficult to implement. With AMOS-17, the possibilities it brings to the market. we can now make it much easier and It’s a fully digital satellite using the latest cheaper to move to solar-based remote

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spacecom.pmd 20 15/12/2019, 17:52 Untitled-1 1 05/08/2019, 14:55 Q&A AMOS Spacecom

What are your thoughts on the matter? Eran Shapiro: We have our own concerns about this. It’s something that calls for regulation, perhaps not ITU, but it may be like the universal service obligation MNOs are held to, something all satellite operators must abide by. Something with real teeth, not just finger wagging, to ensure all the operators are behaving safely. GEO is relatively safe but in lower orbits there can be some major issues. As long as companies can still make great profit through a dangerous enterprise, they will. Laws with strong reprimands are likely the only way to ensure everyone works safely.

Question: You serve a variety of markets across broadcast, broadband and telecom. Do your future plans see you focussing on one over the other? Photo courtesy of AMOS Spacecom Jacob Keret: As you say, we cover many sectors. We are focussing on the sites so that both the CAPEX and OPEX there. If you look at the map of the planet telecommunications market, and with costs are low enough for the in terms of how population is distributed, AMOS-17 we’re focussing on some communities to budget, making strong you’d see that Africa and Asia have specific verticals, MNOs, broadcast, connectivity practically viable. some of the highest rural populations. and oil and gas in the majority. We also We see all sorts of new In order to get those communities deliver to some state entities like opportunities AMOS-17 can serve that connected, fibre would be very difficult education and health groups, delivering weren’t possible until now. I haven’t to implement because the territories satellite services into rural areas with even mentioned NMOs, government we’re talking about are extremely vast, minimal infrastructure. entities, and other remote projects, but scattered, and sometimes difficult to The versatility we like to operate with those are all highly suitable for what we access. The last mile in some of those is exactly what AMOS-17 is well suited provide too. cases would have to be wireless. for due to its flexibility to serve multiple This could absolutely be done with bands. With everything that we plan to Question: Do you have any opinion MNO infrastructure, but even if you deliver with AMOS-17, we’re looking on the industry discussion around reached all those remote communities, forward to a new era for connectivity in LEO vs GEO? you’d still need to deliver terrestrial or Africa. Jacob Keret: I would agree that the full satellite backhaul where that effect of LEO constellations is yet to be infrastructure doesn’t exist. Eran Shapiro: Since AMOS-17 was seen. There are many initiatives The practicalities of deploying that successfully launched, we saw an involving billions of dollars out there, but kind of technology, and the overall cost almost immediate surge in demand and the bottom line is this isn’t really a involved can be quite affordable, but interest in current and potential partners competition for GEO. We’ll remain even then, it’s not necessarily practical and customers to start closing deals. delivering what we’ve always delivered when you’re talking about extremely Until AMOS-17, we noticed some for many, many years. small communities. Remember you hesitancy, but once it was put in orbit There are issues in LEO across need to sustain these connections once and functioning everything changed. coordination, frequency etc, so we’ll they’re installed and barring special On our Ka-band payload we leased have to see how they contend with that, funding, that might not be realistic. two beams into a long-term contract in and how viable the technology is on the The solutions have to be smart and just weeks, and we’re already scale it’s being implemented, but we longitudinal. We aren’t pessimistic about negotiating to sell the other two. We certainly don’t see it as a threat. that kind of connectivity, it just needs to think we’ll run out of capacity relatively come together, and that will take time. soon because so much of AMOS-17’s Question: Great strides have been HTS processes are being bought up. As made to close the digital divide in Question: Space debris is becoming Jacob said, this will bring a great deal recent years. What will it take to an increasing threat to the satellite of technological capability to the region, finally connect our entire planet? industry, with warnings that it could so we’re eager to see our partners grow Eran Shapiro: There’s a lot to consider become a crisis if left unchecked. and thrive with AMOS-17.

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spacecom.pmd 22 15/12/2019, 17:52 Untitled-3 1 15/12/2019, 21:05 War on Piracy

Photo courtesy of ATEME BISS-CA and the war on piracy As the broadcast market becomes increasingly fragmented between different linear and OTT providers, content piracy is developing into a severe challenge across the industry. Lost revenues as a result of piracy are only getting greater. Julien Mandel, Contribution Segment Manager at ATEME, outlines how BISS-CA can help fight the war on piracy.

Piracy is a growing problem for broadcasters. Pirate broadcasters, as are the financial implications. In 2016, the websites received 190 billion visits globally in 2018, almost cost of online piracy of movies and TV shows was revealed half of which related to TV piracy, and 60 percent of all visits to be US$31.8 billion globally. However, by 2022 this figure went to unlicensed streaming sites. The continued influx of is expected to increase dramatically to reach US$52 billion. new over-the-top (OTT) platforms is likely to cause this Piracy is big business, particularly with regards to sports, problem to worsen as industry experts predict that increased and often sees huge organisations operating globally to fragmentation of the market will result in a higher proportion illegally pirate streams and share them over the Internet. of consumers using illegal means to watch content as they Currently, the majority of broadcasters are ill-prepared to deal struggle to afford multiple subscriptions. This is illustrated by with piracy, however, it poses such a huge threat to their a recent report which found that almost a fifth of UK streaming business. Therefore, it’s vital that broadcasters find way to users admitted to accessing TV shows or movies through fight back against piracy and BISS-CA could be the solution unauthorised streaming or file sharing sites. This figure could that allows them to do so. even rise to 37 percent if the market continues to fragment. This fragmentation is also leading consumers to subscribe What is BISS-CA? to illegal Internet Protocol television (IPTV) platforms which Developed by the European Broadcasting Union in offer content from multiple sources at a much lower price collaboration with network equipment vendors ATEME and than official subscriptions to each service. YouGov estimates Nevion, BISS-CA is a protocol that enables real-time that these illegal IPTV services are used by 4.9 million UK entitlement management for content streams over any broadband connected adults. network. The BISS-CA mode is based on symmetric AES The ramifications of this trend are substantial for and asymmetric RSA cryptography and carries all entitlement

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piracy.pmd 24 15/12/2019, 17:50 War on Piracy

How can BISS-CA be used to combat piracy? As an open, royalty-free standard, BISS-CA can be used on any production equipment, from decoders and encoders to multiplexers and transcoders. As the keys (of encryption and entitlement) are transmitted in-bound, it can also be used anywhere and doesn’t require an internet connection, meaning that producers can use BISS-CA for live broadcasts from OB vans and manage rights from the source. BISS-CA combats piracy in two ways; firstly, BISS-CA makes it harder for the stream to be pirated in the first place as the protocol uses a 128-bit encryption key to protect content. The BISS-CA scrambler changes the key down to 10 seconds which is not enough time for a pirate to find the new key and enter it into their system. Today, the use of computers and complex algorithms means it would be possible to uncover a way to find a fixed key, however, this would take hours and as the key is changed dynamically every 10 seconds it would be years before the video would be fully Julien Mandel, ATEME decrypted. Secondly, as the protocol enables the cryptographic credentials in-stream. The protocol allows media rights entitlements to be transported together with the live video holders to grant and revoke points of reception dynamically content, the rights holder or broadcaster is able to grant and in real-time to safeguard their content and can be used in revoke usage rights in real-time. Broadcasters can publish a conjunction with additional safety measures such as list of public keys before or during the event and can even watermarking. BISS-CA has drastically increased the level seamlessly change them and who can use them at any point of content protection available to broadcasters. The standard during events. This means they can revoke access to pirated has three powerful key advantages over a private solution: streams and ensure only those who should have access to it’s interoperable, secure and simple to operate. the live stream do.

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piracy.pmd 25 15/12/2019, 17:50 War on Piracy

Additionally, if BISS-CA is used alongside forensic their content, BISS-CA is instrumental for any broadcasters watermarking solutions, broadcasters are able to trace where or rights holders trying to find a way to safeguard their content the stream is coming from. and ensure it’s not pirated. This results in a mark detailing the serial number of the decoder, for instance, being added in-stream and can’t be What next for BISS-CA? seen by pirates but the provider can identify who or which As calls from sporting bodies such as FIFA, UEFA and organisation is responsible for the leak and can revoke the Premier League for an end to piracy fall on deaf ears, the rights of the decoder. While it is possible for providers to cut value of BISS-CA becomes more apparent and big-name the stream, more often than not, they choose to negotiate broadcasters and sporting bodies adopt it as standard, we with the organisation that caused the leak in order to ensure will see its popularity increase across the board. Over the it doesn’t happen again. BISS-CA and accompanying last year, a number of broadcasters have begun to trial BISS- watermarking tools are particularly useful for broadcasters CA and it is likely it will become more mainstream in the fighting back against the piracy of live sports streams as more coming years. While BISS-CA is currently predominately used than a third of football fans in the UK admit to regularly for the broadcast of live sports or events, thanks to its security watching matches live via unofficial streams. The impact of and simplicity it could also become a valuable tool for news this piracy is also felt by the football teams themselves with outlets and help to stem the tide of fake news, for example. clubs losing out on as much as £1 million per match in Ultimately, BISS-CA is finally giving broadcasters back control sponsorship revenue. By allowing broadcasters to protect of their streams and allowing them to protect their crucial content streams in real-time and enabling them to watermark and valuable content.

Photo courtesy of ATEME

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piracy.pmd 26 15/12/2019, 17:50 Untitled-2 1 15/12/2019, 19:00 Population Monitoring

SatADSL uses satellite technology to connect communities and enterprises globally Satellite continues to prove itself worthy in the world of critical communications In the West, we take connectivity for granted. Where delivered via cable, terrestrial wireless or satellite, we don’t really notice; at the consumer end, we just appreciate that it’s there. Much of Africa, however, remains without reliable connectivity, which makes monitoring local situations challenging. Caroline De Vos, Co-Founder & COO at SatADSL, outlines how satellite communications have made all the difference in population monitoring.

In regions like Sub-Saharan Africa, where terrestrial – it has shrunk by 90 percent, and what once covered over networking infrastructure may be undeveloped or lacking, eight percent of the continent is today a comparative providing solutions for crucial humanitarian activities, such patchwork of puddles and ponds covering a mere 1500km2. as the tracking of displaced populations, is often challenging The situation in Chad, affecting its many of its and costly. Inhospitable terrains add strain to a critical neighbouring countries, has been labelled a ‘forgotten crisis’ challenge that in many situations is urgent. and affects the ability of the 30 million people who rely on As of late June, this year, 464,340 refugees – the lake for their livelihoods. For organizations such as the predominantly from Sudan and the Central African Republic United Nations (UN) to collate the information to profile (CAR), as well as a smaller contingent from Nigeria – are refugees, provide aid and prevent further crises forming a seeking refuge in Chad. Scores have spilled into the semi- developing, a robust and reliable communication desert, north-central African country in search of refuge from infrastructure is indispensable. violence and its privations. Conflicts between militias and governments and terrorist Roadblocks to connectivity insurgencies against civilians – Boko Haram in Nigeria, the The scale of the crisis in the country – in addition to the Darfur Crisis in Sudan and the CAR Civil war – have almost half a million refugees, there are 133,338 internally exacerbated an already palpable strain on resources in the displaced people (IDPs) in Chad – necessitated an Lake Chad Basin region of west Africa. The eponymous lake intelligence gathering operation comprehensive enough to of the region has been decimated over the past half-century profile the individuals, identify their needs, the reasons for

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satadsl.pmd 28 15/12/2019, 17:51 Untitled-1 1 22/03/2016, 17:15 Population Monitoring

their displacement and their destinations as they migrate been able to operate its Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) through Chad and to neighbouring countries. in the Lake Region of Chad, tracking and monitoring the If this were achieved, civilians could be monitored to displacement and population mobility. guarantee their safety and resources could be directed to DTM, which has tracked 28 million displaced people the relevant, at risk areas. Furthermore, information such as worldwide, is designed to regularly and systematically this could be used to monitor and prevent the such as the capture, process and disseminate information to provide a recruitment of child soldiers and people trafficking, and also better understanding of the movements and evolving needs towards preventing the displacement of civilians in the first of displaced populations, whether on site or en route. DTM place. has the capability to identify high risk areas and specific However, in a country in which just five percent of the sectoral needs to inform contingency planning and population are Internet users and less than one per 100 prepositioning of resources in line with key population needs. citizens have fixed broadband subscriptions the challenge Responding to both natural disaster and conflict settings, it of facilitating a robust intelligence gathering operation in Chad has been effectively used both by governments and as an lies in the lack of connectivity. Furthermore, because of the inter-cluster resource by other actors on the ground. transitory nature of camps like those in Chad, the facilities to The solution means that the situation of the refugee camp deliver Internet connectivity is often either absent or wanting, populations can be monitored without the need for a major much like the availability of funding to develop physical investment in physical infrastructure. Furthermore, due to the infrastructure projects to provide connectivity. lack of existing connectivity infrastructure in the camp, the Inevitably, the task of establishing, for example, a VSAT solution was crucially important as it could be installed database to monitor the movement of people interactively is without the need for complex physical networks to be already incredibly difficult. Governmental and aid agencies, in both in place. Chad and in other similar humanitarian situations, are faced with a critical question – how do we deliver Internet connectivity to enable our humanitarian intelligence gathering efforts?

Satellite – providing a cost-effective, high-bandwidth solution to critical communications Satellite communication technology can circumvent the pitfalls faced when installing alternative Internet connectivity infrastructures such as the need for costly infrastructure- building projects, bypassing additional capital expense, as well as other issues that can include uncertain value for investment and uncertainty due to the rapid rate at which satellite technology is evolving. Making it ideal to meet the requirements of the refugee camp environment, satellite networks can be rolled out immediately and complemented with the versatility of VSAT solutions. Additionally, in the context of critical communications, satellite provides a fallback for vital services when loss of communication isn’t an option during sensitive operations in harsh, high-risk locations. Satellite, with its high redundancy levels, available bandwidth and reliability compared to mobile communications, for example, make it a champion of public safety communications.

VSAT for tracking efforts This is why the UN’s International Organization for Migration (IOM), the leading inter-governmental organization in the field of migration, partnered with SatADSL to successfully equip the former’s sub-office in Baga Sola in Chad’s Lake Region to a T11N Satellite (iDirect technology, 2048/512 1:4 contention Ku-band and BUC 3W) to monitor the displacement and the movement of people fleeing violence and conflict and to help facilitate and regulate migration and address forced migration. Drawing on its experience in connecting remote regions to satellite technology, SatADSL connected VSAT technology in the hard to reach and dangerous region which demanded a cost-effective and easy to implement solution. By adopting Girl in the Chadian countryside. Photo SatADSL and efficiently utilizing SatADSL’s VSAT system, IOM has

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satadsl.pmd 30 15/12/2019, 17:51 Untitled-1 1 22/05/2019, 16:06 Q&AQ&A GTMaritimeGTMaritime Secure data communications GTMaritime has been delivering technology solutions to the maritime industry since 1998, specialising in providing effective always-on communications. Mike McNally, Global Commercial Director, GTMaritime, discusses his role at GTMaritime, the Mike McNally, Global Commercial development of the company, and the evolution of the sector. Director, GTMaritime

Question: What brought you to the Ever since shipping began to see shipping industry and GTMaritime? the full potential of digitalisation, the Mike McNally: The sea dominated the need for secure data communication first half of my career. I attended a and to protect our industry from the maritime academy and then went on to cyber-criminals has become sail as a deck officer mostly on product increasingly critical. This eventually tankers, before switching to the offshore pulled me into the gravitational field of energy sector where I served on supply GTMaritime as a company offering vessels and anchor handlers. For a few innovative solutions that tackle these years, I ran a commercial fishing problems head on. operation. Looking back, I’m appreciative of the insights these years Question: What’s been the most brought into the way our industry works. challenging project you’ve worked on When it was time to come ashore, I so far? carved out a role in the IT industry Mike McNally: Managing growth is designing relational databases for always a challenge and our growth has Q&A Fortune 500 companies. In the 1990s, I been quite rapid as we have kept pace decided to merge the shipping and with demand, especially for our onboard software strands of my career and I’ve cybersecurity solution. Our approach been involved in the marketing of IT- has been to build a global network of based solutions for the marine industry trusted Value-Added Resellers and, in ever since. part, sustaining high customer satisfaction has had to do with the unswerving support of our partners. As an aside, I might add that renewing our corporate website turned out to be biting off more than I bargained for, but we’re making steady progress on that front too as part of our continuous development!

Question: What’s the most rewarding aspect of your role? Mike McNally: I feel fortunate to have found a role supporting the shipping industry in tackling a serious problem with products I can be proud of. Day in, day out, our services are protecting seafarers around the world from the distress caused by accidentally responding to a carefully crafted spoof email. Of course, it’s unlikely that seafarers will thank GTMaritime: From Photo courtesy of GTMaritime the end-user perspective, the better our services get the more invisible they become.

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GTM.pmd 32 15/12/2019, 20:37 Untitled-1 1 15/02/2019, 19:41 Q&A GTMaritime

Photo courtesy of GTMaritime

Question: What’s been the most wrong hands, and secondly that numerous situations where I had to dig important lesson you’ve learned in increased data flow is prioritised and deep to come up with workarounds to your job at GTMaritime? optimised regardless of the keep things upright. I wish them the best Mike McNally: Listen to your customers communications pathway. of luck building that into the seagoing because they, more than anyone else, version of Alexa! know the problems they’re facing. It’s Question: What aspect of the modern important we remind ourselves that we shipping industry most surprised Question: Where do you see do not have all the answers ourselves, you? GTMaritime heading in the next five so every conversation matters. Paying Mike McNally: The enthusiasm for years? attention, asking lots of questions and autonomous shipping has been Mike McNally: GTMaritime has set a understanding pain-points not only something of a surprise. I find it hard to course to continue developing and helps you identify the most appropriate believe that automation can supplant delivering innovative solutions to defend solution and add a new client to the years of accumulated experience and shipping against the growing threat the roster, but gives you a sense of how training of a competent human crew. cyber-criminals pose to its secure data requirements are evolving across the During my time at sea, there were requirements. industry, which is invaluable for future product development.

Question: What do you see as the biggest challenges and opportun- ities facing the maritime sector right now? Mike McNally: A big challenge – and opportunity – for fleet operators is finding ways of managing and using all the information a modern ship generates to best advantage. There is no end to the number of datacentric solutions coming into the shipping market, but that is not our area of expertise. Our role, as GTMaritime, is to make sure firstly that information is securely handled and does not end up in the Photo courtesy of GTMaritime

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Photo courtesy of SIG New challenges in RF interference

The satellite sector has seen a great deal of change in recent years, with NGSO satellites booming in popularity, and 5G being brought into being. The ramifications for satellite interference are as of yet an unknown element, as outlined by Martin Coleman, Executive Director of SIG.

In recent years, we have highlighted the need to combat Our understanding of the challenges posed by RFI has RF interference to prevent signal degradation and the improved dramatically over the years, however we’re now resulting disruption. Historically, RFI had been difficult to concentrating on the next issues facing us in a quickly identify until the disrupted signals had been disseminated to changing ecosystem. With the introduction of mega end users. As part of my work with SIG (as IRG), I worked constellations in low Earth orbit (LEO) as well as 5G with a group of operators within the industry to discuss the technologies, managing the spectrum environment is more need for a tool to identify which users were causing important now than at any other time in the industry’s history. interference. The collaborative work resulted in the Although new challenges are facing the industry, we have development of Carrier ID which was launched in 2012. From years and years of in-depth experience and knowledge in that moment, the development of a suite of tools to manage combatting the problems caused by spectrum as well as VSAT burst mode and TDMA transmission issues - now known working in space cohesively. Now is the time to be raising as SatGuard - made massive inroads in fixing these problems, questions to pre-emptively mitigate any risks to services, both taking minutes rather than years. Since then, the industry existing and new. The satellite industry has a responsibility has invested significantly in building identification tools and to itself to manage the environment and ensure its resilience. cancellation techniques into their technology and products to improve how RFI is managed, identified and resolved. How does RFI sit within LEO mega constellations? Automation has played an extensive role in both managing LEO mega constellations are set to be hugely revolutionary, the cause of RFI, i.e. automated antennas, applications and with the services promising to be extremely cost-effective, processes for setup, as well as early detection and resolution, low latency and easily accessible to all. However, their sheer e.g. remote data monitoring tools. scale is raising questions within the industry, which is moving

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into unchartered territory through the increasing numbers of satellite industries with access to layers of connectivity satellites. Regulation is hugely important within LEO; this has depending on the need, whether that is in LEO, MEO or GEO. been reflected with the recent announcements from WRC AI offers efficiency and flexibility, both in terms of increasing that the ITU has adopted new regulation for NGSO satellites. service opportunities as well as the feasibility of delivering a With the number of satellites rising within the environment, reliable service. there is going to be a need to tighten industry efficiencies in order to deal with the complexity of the networks. Managing Enhancing existing knowledge to manage the how satellites in LEO communicate with the ground is an environment interesting example. When managing the space environment, it’s absolutely crucial LEO satellites will be seen from ground stations in very to consider spectrum as well as maintaining clean orbits. Over short bursts, meaning that the satellites delivering information recent years GEO operators have seen the issues associated to and from Earth will need to switch between different ground with space debris and congestion and are highlighting the stations to maximise their use. This will inevitably result in an importance of adhering to Space Traffic Management (STM) increased number of antennas/ground stations. This complex policies to mitigate the impact and prevent the situation from network of antennas and satellites is going to need careful worsening. Additionally, GEO operators have been studying management. Automation is the obvious initial choice for any the impact of poor spectrum management, ways of mitigating network management, with it delivering accurate and its effects and developing tools to combat them. Space is a calculated actions in an intricate working environment. There shared environment, and there is a real acknowledgment that is uncertainty as to whether the industry yet has the tools to operators must adhere to STM to prevent a roll out of errors deliver this. As seen with the higher number of transmission across services. However, STM must include spectrum within incidents following the increase number of VSATs, a its remit. Here at SIG we see that spectrum must be significant increase in teleports must be managed correctly. addressed from a situational awareness perspective. Our Not only are there queries around network management group’s term for this new thinking is ‘S3A’. and RFI detection capabilities, but questions have arisen We’re entering a new era in satellite communications and around whether we know enough about what technology is the industry’s knowledge must be utilised to deliver innovative actually needed within the ground segment. Questions have solutions to the latest set of challenges and complexities being been raised regarding the need for faster switching to cope faced across all orbits. Regardless of orbit, or even industry, with the smallsats moving quickly overhead from antenna to there must a collaborative attempt to pre-empt any potential antenna. This needs to be done in nanoseconds to account issues and explore the opportunities surrounding the roll out for seamless satellite signal handover. of 5G and LEO services. Both technologies promise to revolutionise connectivity, however the complexity of the What challenges will 5G bring? connectivity mustn’t be underestimated. We have a fantastic 5G has the potential to bring vast opportunities to the satellite opportunity to work collaboratively as communication industries industry, with it having the ability to enable connectivity to manage spectrum and RFI as well as enhance services through linking terrestrial with satellite communications to through interconnectivity via dynamic networks. deliver a robust and wide-ranging service. However, as with the introduction of LEO, there is a real need to understand the possible impact it could have on existing services. Spectrum management is going to be increasingly important, with 5G taking comms on the move to a whole new level. Understanding and managing spectrum allocation is key in delivering accurate services to the consumer. Without managing spectrum appropriately, both the satellite and telecommunications industries could be left with service disruption caused by interference. Once again, automation is a plausible solution, with a potential for artificial intelligence being developed to enhance the efficiency of spectrum selection. There is a real need to manage frequency allocation between satellite and terrestrial systems to promote cohesion and maximise the services’ capabilities. The complexity of allocating and maintaining spectrum requires an accurate tool which automation paired with AI could potentially deliver. There has been plenty of discussion surrounding AI within SIG forums, with many operators seeing the potential it holds to improve efficiencies and enhance both RFI anomaly detection and prediction. There is room for this to be taken another step further, with AI potentially unlocking software defined networking with the communications industry as a whole. Creating dynamic network management and mapping Photo courtesy of SIG would provide operators both in the telecommunications and

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