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Capitulo II 1 Estado Del Arte: Que Es Un Framework Web2py Y Que Capitulo II 1 Estado del arte: Que es un framework web2py y que tecnología usa Figura 3.-Web2py Web2py se define como un framework de desarrollo web de código abierto para el desarrollo ágil que implica aplicaciones web con bases de datos. Está escrito en Python y programable. Es un completo framework y se compone de todos los componentes necesarios un desarrollador necesita para construir aplicaciones web totalmente funcionales. [4] Audiencia Este tutorial está dirigido principalmente a los profesionales de software que trabajan en Python y son necesarios para crear aplicaciones basadas en la web escalables, seguras y portátiles con bases de datos. web2py proporciona todas las funcionalidades para crear, modificar, implementar y administrar una aplicación desde cualquier lugar utilizando su navegador. [18] Requisitos previos Antes de empezar a continuar con este tutorial, estamos suponiendo que ya está al tanto de los fundamentos de la programación Python. Una comprensión básica del Modelo-Vista- Controlador también es igualmente importante. Si usted no es consciente de estos conceptos, entonces nosotros sugerimos que pasar por nuestra breve tutorial sobre Python. [18] 17 web2py introducción Sigue el patrón Modelo-Vista-Controlador de ejecutar aplicaciones web a diferencia de los modelos tradicionales. Modelo. Controller. Vista. Comience con web2py web2py viene en paquetes binarios para todos los principales sistemas operativos como Windows, UNIX y Mac OS X. Es fácil de instalar porque web2py - Se compone de la intérprete de Python, por lo que no hay que tenerlo preinstalado. También hay una versión de código fuente que se ejecuta en todos los sistemas operativos. En el siguiente enlace se compone de los paquetes binarios de web2py para su descarga según la necesidad del usuario - www.web2py.com El marco web2py no requiere pre-instalación a diferencia de otros marcos. El usuario tiene que descargar el archivo zip y descomprimir según el requisito del sistema operativo. El marco web2py está escrito en Python, que es un lenguaje dinámico completa que no requiere ninguna compilación o instalación complicada para funcionar. Se utiliza una máquina virtual al igual que otros lenguajes de programación como Java o .NET y puede transparente byte-compilar el código fuente escrito por los desarrolladores. [18] Lo que necesitas para alojarlo a la red 18 Figura 4.-Base de datos Base de datos Se le llama base de datos a los bancos de información que contienen datos relativos a diversas temáticas y categorizados de distinta manera, pero que comparten entre sí algún tipo de vínculo o relación que busca ordenarlos y clasificarlos en conjunto. [7] Una base de datos o banco de datos es un conjunto de datos pertenecientes a un mismo contexto y almacenados sistemáticamente para su posterior uso. En este sentido; una biblioteca puede considerarse una base de datos compuesta en su mayoría por documentos y textos impresos en papel e indexados para su consulta. Actualmente, y debido al desarrollo tecnológico de campos como la informática y la electrónica, la mayoría de las bases de datos están en formato digital, siendo este un componente electrónico, por tanto se ha desarrollado y se ofrece un amplio rango de soluciones al problema del almacenamiento de datos. [7] Existen programas denominados sistemas gestores de bases de datos, abreviado SGBD (del inglés database management system o DBMS), que permiten almacenar y posteriormente acceder a los datos de forma rápida y estructurada. Las propiedades de 19 estos DBMS, así como su utilización y administración, se estudian dentro del ámbito de la informática. [7] Las aplicaciones más usuales son para la gestión de empresas e instituciones públicas; También son ampliamente utilizadas en entornos científicos con el objeto de almacenar la información experimental. [7] Clasificación de bases de datos Base de datos de particulares Las bases de datos pueden clasificarse de varias maneras, de acuerdo al contexto que se esté manejando, la utilidad de las mismas o las necesidades que satisfagan. Bases de datos estáticas Son bases de datos únicamente de lectura, utilizadas primordialmente para almacenar datos históricos que posteriormente se pueden utilizar para estudiar el comportamiento de un conjunto de datos a través del tiempo, realizar proyecciones, tomar decisiones y realizar análisis de datos para inteligencia empresarial. [7] Bases de datos dinámicas Son bases de datos donde la información almacenada se modifica con el tiempo, permitiendo operaciones como actualización, borrado y edición de datos, además de las operaciones fundamentales de consulta. Un ejemplo, puede ser la base de datos utilizada en un sistema de información de un supermercado. [7] Figura 5.-Servidores 20 El alojamiento web El alojamiento web (en inglés: web hosting) es el servicio que provee a los usuarios de Internet un sistema para poder almacenar información, imágenes, vídeo, o cualquier contenido accesible vía web. Es una analogía de "hospedaje o alojamiento en hoteles o habitaciones" donde uno ocupa un lugar específico, en este caso la analogía alojamiento web o alojamiento de páginas web, se refiere al lugar que ocupa una página web, sitio web, sistema, correo electrónico, archivos etc. en internet o más específicamente en un servidor que por lo general hospeda varias aplicaciones o páginas web. [15] Las compañías que proporcionan espacio de un servidor a sus clientes se suelen denominar con el término en inglés web host. [15] El hospedaje web aunque no es necesariamente un servicio, se ha convertido en un lucrativo negocio para las compañías de Internet alrededor del mundo. [15] Se puede definir como "un lugar para tu página web o correos electrónicos", aunque esta definición simplifica de manera conceptual el hecho de que el alojamiento web es en realidad espacio en Internet para prácticamente cualquier tipo de información, sea archivos, sistemas, correos electrónicos, videos, etcétera. [15] 21 Figura 6.-Dominios Dominio Un dominio, en redes de computadoras, puede referirse a tres cosas: El conjunto de computadoras conectadas en una red informática que confían a uno de los equipos de dicha red, la administración de los usuarios y los privilegios que cada uno de los usuarios tiene en dicha red. [16] La parte principal de una dirección en la Web que indica la organización o compañía que administra dicha página o sitio web. [16] El espacio en red que contienen todas las estaciones, y los distintos recursos compartidos administrados por el servidor. [16] Las confianzas entre dominios no es transitiva, es decir, si A confía en B, B confía en C, A no confía en C. [16] Tecnologías que utiliza: 22 Figura 7.-Mysql MYSQL MySQL es un sistema de gestión de bases de datos relacional desarrollado bajo licencia dual GPL/Licencia comercial por Oracle Corporation y está considerada como la base datos open source más popular del mundo1 2 , y una de las más populares en general junto a Oracle y Microsoft SQL Server, sobre todo para entornos de desarrollo web. [8] Aplicaciones de MYSQL MySQL es una base de datos muy rápida en la lectura cuando utiliza el motor no transaccional MyISAM, pero puede provocar problemas de integridad en entornos de alta concurrencia en la modificación. [8] Características de MYSQL Amplio subconjunto del lenguaje SQL. Algunas extensiones son incluidas igualmente. Disponibilidad en gran cantidad de plataformas y sistemas. 23 Posibilidad de selección de mecanismos de almacenamiento que ofrecen diferentes velocidades de operación, soporte físico, capacidad, distribución geográfica, transacciones... Transacciones y claves foráneas. Conectividad segura. Replicación. Búsqueda e indexación de campos de texto. [8] Tipos de compilación del servidor Hay tres tipos de compilación del servidor MySQL: Estándar: Los binarios estándares de MySQL son los recomendados para la mayoría de los usuarios, e incluyen el motor de almacenamiento InnoDB. [8] Max (No se trata de MaxDB, que es una cooperación con SAP): Los binarios incluyen características adicionales que no han sido lo bastante probadas o que normalmente no son necesarias. [8] MySQL-Debug: Son binarios que han sido compilados con información de depuración extra. No debe ser usada en sistemas en producción porque el código de depuración puede reducir el rendimiento. [8] MySQL en cifras Según las cifras del fabricante, existirían más de seis millones de copias de MySQL funcionando en la actualidad, lo que supera la base instalada de cualquier otra herramienta de bases de datos. [8] Figura 8.-JQuery 24 Que es JQuery? jQuery es una biblioteca de JavaScript, creada inicialmente por John Resig, que permite simplificar la manera de interactuar con los documentos HTML, manipular el árbol DOM, manejar eventos, desarrollar animaciones y agregar interacción con la técnica AJAX a páginas web. Fue presentada el 14 de enero de 2006 en el BarCamp NYC. jQuery es la biblioteca de JavaScript más utilizada. [9] Características JQuery Interactividad y modificaciones del árbol DOM, incluyendo soporte para CSS 1-3 y un plugin básico de XPath. Eventos. Manipulación de la hoja de estilos CSS. Efectos y animaciones. Animaciones personalizadas. AJAX. Soporta extensiones. [9] 25 Uso de JQuery JQuery consiste en un único fichero JavaScript que contiene las funcionalidades comunes de DOM, eventos, efectos y AJAX. [9] La característica principal de la biblioteca es que permite cambiar el contenido de una página web sin necesidad de recargarla, mediante la manipulación del árbol DOM y peticiones
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