Performance Monitoring and Evaluation of Metropolitan Municipalities in Gauteng, South Africa

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Performance Monitoring and Evaluation of Metropolitan Municipalities in Gauteng, South Africa Performance monitoring and evaluation of metropolitan municipalities in Gauteng, South Africa By Kgosi Lucas Maepa A Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the requirements of the degree: Philosophiae Doctor (PhD) in Public Affairs University of Pretoria Faculty of Economic and Management Science School of Public Management and Administration Supervisor: Professor. Dr. Chris Thornhill November 2014 THESIS OUTLINE I. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii II. DECLARATION iii III. ABSTRACT iv IV. TABLE OF CONTENTS vii-xiv V. TABLES xv-xvii VI. FIGURES xviii VII. GRAPHS xiv-xxi VIII. LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS xxii-xxiv IX. ANNEXURES xxiv i I. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Glory be to God through our Lord and saviour Jesus Christ, To my loving wife, friend and partner Winnie including my three special children Dimpho; Mashubathele “Shubi” and Rolihlahla “Roli” Maepa. To my parents, Isaac and Sheila Maepa; my sisters Shonisani, Mpho, Aluta and younger brother Moscow; thank you for the love and support. I completed this PhD to motivate all of you, to become better than me. To my friends and brothers Mr. Muzi Mavuso; Dr. Louis Siebrits; Mr. Sam Mhlaba and Mr. Brendon Vandayor – thank you for being there for me when I needed you the most. A special thank you also goes to Cadre Danny Msiza, a successful entrepreneur, my business mentor and leader. To my promoter and supervisor, Prof. [Emeritus] Chris Thornhill, thank you for the guidance and support, you are one of the best Public Administration and Management academics/scholars in the entire world. To my other two academic coaches Prof. Johannes Britz [Provost and Vice Chancellor at University of Wisconsin Milwakee - USA] and Prof. Deon Rossouw [CEO: EthicsSA] thank you for the support. To Prof. Jerry Kuye, thank you for the opportunity you gave me to study towards a PhD. To my life coach Prof. Ezekiel Moraka [Deputy Vice Chancellor at Tshwane University of Technology - TUT], thank you for always being there for me. To my political home and the oldest liberation movement in Africa, the African National Congress [ANC] and in particular my political leader, mentor and senior, Cadre David Makhura [Premier of Gauteng Province] – thank you. Working under your guidance and leadership has had impeccable impact on my character, commitment, determination and fortitude – you have significantly shaped my political world view tremendously. To all my family members, friends and comrades in and outside the ANC, thank you for the support and encouragement – I treasure you. To all the people of South Africa [especially the participants in urban informal settlements and their public representatives], including other people who assisted me to put together this piece of work – which will contribute to our growing and maturing democracy - I am deeply humbled, grateful and for that, I thank you. Kgosi Maepa [Pretoria, South Africa 2014] ii II. DECLARATION I hereby declare that all the work done in this research study [Performance monitoring and evaluation of metropolitan municipalities in Gauteng, South Africa] is my own original work that was done independently without assistance. All the sources used were referenced using the Harvard method of referencing. __________________________ _______________ Signature [Kgosi Lucas Maepa] Date UP Student number: 97182542 iii III. ABSTRACT The research study has been undertaken to assist metropolitan municipalities in Gauteng, South Africa with a conceptual framework and guide in terms of how they should conduct performance monitoring and evaluation [PME], Impact Evaluation (IE) – of the United Nations [UN] Millennium Development Goals [MDGs] with regards to the provision of minimum basic service in Urban Informal Settlements [UIS] in the three identified metropolitan municipalities of Ekurhuleni, Johannesburg and Tshwane. In pursuit of meeting the objectives of this study, both qualitative and quantitative studies were conducted. Important salient thematic analysis regarding performance monitoring and evaluation were located in existing legislation, public administration texts and in other management theories associated with the discipline and domain of Public Administration. The study has seven objectives: a) to locate the concept of performance monitoring and evaluation [PME] in the Discipline of Public Administration; b) to discuss and extrapolate the essence of PME, analyse the policy framework that guides PME systems in the South African context and in particular the local sphere of government; c) to discuss the international PME systems in the public sector and consider lessons that are relevant for the South African environment; d) to analyse and discuss the local sphere of government before and after democratic rule in South Africa with special reference to the evolution of local government legislation; e) to discuss and extrapolate current issues in the South African local government sphere with special focus on community participation, municipal demarcation concerns, protest action in municipalities; f) to conduct an empirical study, investigate and compare using two sets of survey questionnaires - by assessing the Impact Evaluation [IE] on the delivery of basic iv minimum services [i.e. electricity, water, sanitation and waste collection/removal] in the three identified municipalities against set targets determined by Statistics South Africa Census 2001&2011; Housing Development Agency [HDA] of the Department of Human Settlement [DHS] and Millennium Development Goals [MDGs] – in the South African context; and g) to discuss practical considerations in institutionalising PME processes in local government and propose recommendations with guidelines for an effective and efficient PME system in the local government sphere in Gauteng, South Africa. In achieving these objectives, the ultimate aim of the Thesis is to make recommendations for an effective and efficient PME system in the local government sphere in Gauteng, South Africa – which will ensure that the performance monitoring and evaluation introduced by the South African government, through the “Government-wide Monitoring and Evaluation system” [GWM&E] under the Department of Performance Monitoring and Evaluation [DPME] in municipalities and in particular metropolitan municipalities in Gauteng Province - affects delivery of minimum basic services in informal settlements. Sample surveys were preferred in the method. The purpose of a sample survey is to collect standardised information from a carefully selected sample of respondents. This type of survey is carried out by means of a structured instrument such as a questionnaire or observation guide – for purposes of the current study, a structured questionnaire was used. Sample surveys are appropriate when the research design requires comparable information about a relatively large number of subjects – which is the situation in UIS. A total of 395 surveys were conducted, analysed and processed from the three metropolitan municipalities. The sample consists of three city managers and 392 randomly selected participants in UIS in the three selected metropolitan municipalities of Ekurhuleni; Johannesburg and Tshwane. A cluster sampling technique has been selected for the purpose of this study. The sample population in UIS was divided into groups or clusters, and random samples of these clusters were selected. All observations and determinations in the selected clusters were then included v in the sample frame. UIS that are 20 years and older and not yet formalised were specifically selected and a random sample of the required sample selected per metropolitan municipality. Since the researcher cannot get a complete list of the members of a population to study but can get a complete list of groups or 'clusters' of the population – cluster sampling was selected. In the case of UIS, information on the population is not readily available as a result of in-and- out migration. The random sample produced a list of subjects so widely scattered that surveying them would prove to be far too expensive – that is the reason why cluster sampling was used in the empirical study. In this study, a two-stage cluster sampling technique was used, which means that a simple case of multistage sampling was obtained by selecting cluster samples in the first stage and then selecting a sample of elements from every sampled cluster in the second stage. Questionnaires were then administered; results processed; analysed and recommendations made. In sum, practical considerations in institutionalising PME processes in local government and recommendations for an effective and efficient PME system in the local government sphere in Gauteng, South Africa have been outlined. The recommendations were proposed in a context of an urban informal settlement [UIS] environment - to check how the South African government policy “Government-wide Monitoring and Evaluation system” [GWM&E] at a municipality - affects efficient and effective delivery of minimum basic services in urban informal settlements. vi IV. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1. The local sphere of government in the South African context 1 1.2. Definitions and operationalisation of key concepts 4 1.3. Motivation for the research 11 1.4. Problem statement 13 1.5. Research objectives 15 1.6. Research question 17 1.7. Sequence 17 1.8. Research methodology 18 1.9. Administrative processes and approval 24 CHAPTER 2: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PERSPECTIVE OF THE STUDY 2.1. Introduction 25 2.2. Location of the study of performance monitoring
Recommended publications
  • The Interaction Between the Missionaries of the Cape
    THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE MISSIONARIES OF THE CAPE EASTERN FRONTIER AND THE COLONIAL AUTHORITIES IN THE ERA OF SIR GEORGE GREY, 1854 - 1861. Constance Gail Weldon Pietermaritzburg, December 1984* Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Historical Studies, University of Natal, 1984. CONTENTS Page Abstract i List of Abbreviations vi Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Sir George Grey and his ’civili­ zing mission’ 16 Chapter 3 The missionaries and Grey 1854-6 55 Chapter 4 The Cattle Killing 1856/7 99 Chanter 5 The Aftermath of the Cattle Killing (till 1860s) 137 Chapter 6 Conclusion 174 Appendix A Principal mission stations on the frontier 227 Appendix B Wesleyan Methodist and Church of Scotland Missionaries 228 Appendix C List of magistrates and chiefs 229 Appendix D Biographical Notes 230 Select Bibliography 233 List of photographs and maps Between pages 1. Sir George Grey - Governor 15/16 2. Map showing Cape eastern frontier and principal military posts 32/33 3. Map showing the principal frontier mission stations 54/55 4. Photographs showing Lovedale trade departments 78/79 5. Map showing British Kaffraria and principal chiefs 98/99 6. Sir George Grey - 'Romantic Imperialist' 143/144 7. Sir George Grey - civilian 225/226 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge with thanks the financial assistance rendered by the Human Sciences Research Council towards the costs of this research. Opinions expressed or conclusions arrived at are those of the author and are not to be regarded as those of the Human Sciences Research Council.
    [Show full text]
  • Heritage Impact Assessment of Ndlambe and Makana Borrow Pits, Greater Cacadu Region, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
    HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF NDLAMBE AND MAKANA BORROW PITS, GREATER CACADU REGION, EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA Assessment and report by For Terreco Consulting Telephone Duncan Scott (043) 721 1502 Box 20057 Ashburton 3213 PIETERMARITZBURG South Africa Telephone 033 326 1136 Facsimile 086 672 8557 082 655 9077 / 072 725 1763 26 September 2008 [email protected] HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF NDLAMBE AND MAKANA BORROW PITS, EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE Management summary eThembeni Cultural Heritage was appointed by Terreco Consulting to undertake a heritage impact assessment of proposed borrow pit extensions and rehabilitation in the Greater Cacadu Region, in terms of the Heritage Resources Act No 25 of 1999. Two eThembeni staff members inspected the borrow pits on 8 and 9 September 2008 and completed controlled-exclusive surface surveys of each. We identified no heritage resources within any of the proposed development areas. The landscape within which the borrow pits are located is one of extensive agriculture and conservation, dominated overwhelmingly by game and hunting farms. Scattered villages, towns and farmsteads are present and infrastructure is generally basic and limited to services that provide for local needs. All the borrow pits will be rehabilitated according to the standards of the Department of Minerals and Energy, to ensure that visual impacts on the landscape are minimized in the long term. We recommend that the development proceed with no further heritage mitigation and have submitted this report to the South African Heritage Resources Agency in fulfilment of the requirements of the Heritage Resources Act 1999. The relevant SAHRA personnel are Dr Antonieta Jerardino (telephone 021 462 4502) and Mr Thanduxolo Lungile (telephone 043 722 1740/2/6).
    [Show full text]
  • Population Dynamics in South Africa
    Population Dynamics in South Africa Report No. 03-01-67 ISBN 978-0-621-43660-0 The South Africa I know, the home I understand Census 2011: Population Dynamics in South Africa Statistics South Africa Pali Lehohla Report No. 03-01-67 Statistician-General Statistics South Africa ii Census 2011: Population Dynamics / Statistics South Africa Published by Statistics South Africa, Private Bag X44, Pretoria 0001 © Statistics South Africa, 2015 Users may apply or process this data, provided Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) is acknowledged as the original source of the data; that it is specified that the application and/or analysis is the result of the user's independent processing of the data; and that neither the basic data nor any reprocessed version or application thereof may be sold or offered for sale in any form whatsoever without prior permission from Stats SA. Stats SA Library Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) Data Census 2011: Population Dynamics / Statistics South Africa. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa, 2012 Report No. 03-01-67 124pp ISBN 978-0-621-43660-0 A complete set of Stats SA publications is available at the Stats SA Library and the following libraries: National Library of South Africa, Pretoria Division National Library of South Africa, Cape Town Division Library of Parliament, Cape Town Bloemfontein Public Library Natal Society Library, Pietermaritzburg Johannesburg Public Library Eastern Cape Library Services, King William’s Town Central Regional Library, Polokwane Central Reference Library, Nelspruit Central Reference
    [Show full text]
  • Structural Transformation in South Africa Is a Necessary and Exceedingly Timely Contribution to the Agenda for Reindustrialisation
    This paper forms part of a series of studies on the challenges of industrialisation undertaken by the Industrial Development Think Tank (IDTT). Established in 2017, the IDTT is supported by the Department of Trade and Industry (the dti) and is housed in the Centre for Competition, Regulation and Economic Development (CCRED) in partnership with the SARChI Chair in Industrial Development at the University of Johannesburg. The studies review trends of (de)industrialisation and assess the potential for structural transformation to drive growth, industrialisation and development in different sectors in South Africa. Contents CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2: UNDERSTANDING STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION AND INDUSTRIALISATION .................................................................................................................. 3 2.1. STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION AND INDUSTRIALISATION ................................................... 3 2.2. ASSESSING STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN ECONOMY ................... 5 2.3. CONTINUITY AND CHANGE: CONCENTRATION AND FINANCIALISATION .................................. 18 CHAPTER 3: INSIGHTS FROM INDUSTRY STUDIES .............................................................. 26 3.1. METALS, MACHINERY, AND EQUIPMENT (MME) ................................................................ 26 3.2. AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES AND COMPONENTS ....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Community Resilience and Vulnerability in South Africa
    COMMUNITY RESILIENCE AND VULNERABILITY IN SOUTH AFRICA The Secretariat of the GGLN is hosted by Isandla Institute Tel: 021 683 7903 Fax: 021 683 7956 Email: [email protected] www.ggln.org.za PERSPECTIVES FROM CIVIL SOCIETY ON LOCAL GOVERNANCE IN SOUTH AFRICA The State of Local Governance Publication Since 2008, the GGLN produces regular commentaries on the state of local governance in South Africa. The purpose of the State of Local Governance (SoLG) publication is to present a civil society based assessment of the key challenges, debates and areas of progress with regard to governance and development at the local level in South Africa. It also aims to provide local government policy-makers and practitioners with practical recommendations to improve policy, guidelines, systems and interventions where necessary, based on a sound analysis of the context and an assessment of the challenges and opportunities for improvements. The publication has also been used to build awareness of, and mobilize support within civil society and appropriate government institutions for the key advocacy positions of the network. The following editions of the State of Local Governance are published: Community Resilience and Vulnerability in South Africa (2014), Active Citizenship Matters (2013), Putting participation at the heart of development//Putting development at the heart of participation (2012), Recognizing Community Voice and Dissatisfaction (2011), Ethical Leadership and Political Culture in Local Government (2010), and Local Democracy in Action: A Civil Society Perspective on Local Governance in South Africa (2008). Cover Picture: Isandla Institute COMMUNITY RESILIENCE AND VULNERABILITY IN SOUTH AFRICA Perspectives from civil society on Local Governance in South Africa c GGLN 2014 COMMUNITY RESILIENCE AND VULNERABILITY IN SOUTH AFRICA Table of Contents About the Good Governance Learning Network ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ethembeni Cultural Heritage
    Phase 1 Archaeological Impact Assessment Report: Proposed 132kV Power Line and Substation Infrastructure, Dieprivier-Kareedouw, Kou-Kamma Local Municipality, Cacadu District, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa Prepared for GIBB Engineering & Science 2nd Floor, Greyville House, Cnr Greyville & Cape Roads, Greenacres, Port Elizabeth 6001 Box 63703, Greenacres 6057 Telephone Walter Fyvie 041 392 7510 Fax 086 608 2522 [email protected] Prepared by ETHEMBENI CULTURAL HERITAGE Elizabeth Wahl and Len van Schalkwyk Box 20057 Ashburton 3213 Pietermaritzburg Telephone 033 326 1136 / 082 655 9077 / 082 529 3656 Facsimile 086 672 8557 [email protected] 8 May 2013 Phase 1 AIA of Dieprivier-Kareedouw 132kV Power Line and Substation, Cacadu District, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa MANAGEMENT SUMMARY eThembeni Cultural Heritage was appointed by GIBB Engineering & Science to undertake a Phase 1 Archaeological Impact Assessment of a proposed transmission power line and substation site in the Eastern Cape Province, in terms of the National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998 as amended, in compliance with Section 38 of the National Heritage Resources Act 25 of 1999, as amended. LOCATION AND ENVIRONMENT Much of the proposed power line is located along or close to the Langkloof and R62 Scenic Routes, roughly parallel to and south of the Suuranysberge and the Krom River. It starts at the proposed Dieprivier Substation west of Humansdorp, passes north of the Churchill Dam and the town of Kareedouw, with the eponymous mountains to the south, before terminating at the existing Kareedouw Substation. Historical agriculture related land-uses have resulted in degradation of portions of the route, most notably as a result of crop and pasture cultivation in flat lower lying areas, and to some extent from regular burning of grazing areas on mountain and hill slopes.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Matiwane and the Amangwane Tribe
    UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA DEPARTMENT OF NATIVE AFFAIRS ETHNOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS Vol. VII HISTORY OF MATIWANE AND THE AMANGWANE TRIBE 1 as told by Mse6enzi to his kinsman Albert Hlongwane Edited and supplemented by Archive Documents and other material BY , ! . ■ N. J. VAN WARMELO GOVERNMENT ETHNOLOGIST O IN THE UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA BY THE GOVERNMENT PRINTER, PRETORIA 1938 O.P.-S.7007—1938-sOU. ' ■\* . PLATE 1 frontispiece Mse Cenzi uwjo kaMacingwane kaMatmane UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA DEPARTMENT OF NATIVE AFFAIRS ETHNOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS Vol. VII HISTORY OF MATIWANE AND THE AMANGWANE TRIBE as told by Mse6enzi to his kinsman Albert Hlongwane Edited and supplemented by Archive Documents and other material BY N. j. VAN WARMELO GOVERNMENT ETHNOLOGIST 7/6 PRINTED IN THE UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA BY THE GOVERNMENT PRINTER, PRETORIA 1938 G.P.-S.7007—1938—800 Obtainable from the Government Printer, Pretoria. Vol. I of this series : Transvaal Ndebele Texts, 1930. Vol. II. : Kinship Terminology of the South African Bantu, 1931. Vol. III. : Contributions towards Venda History, Religion and Tribal Ritual, 1932. Vol. IV. : Marriage Customs in Southern Natal, by Dr. M. Kohler, 1933. Vol. V. : A Preliminary Survey of the Bantu Tribes of South Africa, 1935. Vol. VI. : Tshivenda-English Dictionary, 1937. ;V-B'BUOTEEK Ji'N ** UHIVERSITEIT V " METORIA. Klasnommer.?^ MseLBEry-zi i Registernommer- JLQk, 0 CONTENTS Page. Chapter 1. The amaNgwane and how this history came to be written .. .. 5 2. Text: Earliest history to izi Bongo of Masumpa 10 3. ,, History of Matiwane up to his flight from Natal 16 4. ,, Matiwane in Basutoland 24 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Green Economy Policy Review of South Africa's
    GREEN ECONOMY POLICY REVIEW OF SOUTH AFRICA’S INDUSTRIAL POLICY FRAMEWORK GREEN ECONOMY– + POLICY + REVIEW –OF – SOUTH AFRICA’S+ INDUSTRIAL+ POLICY FRAMEWORK Copyright @2020 DEFF, DTI&C, DSI Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Moreover, the views expressed do not necessarily represent the decision or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, nor does citing of trade names or commercial processes constitute endorsement. Photos © Shutterstock GREEN ECONOMY POLICY REVIEW OF SOUTH AFRICA’S INDUSTRIAL POLICY FRAMEWORK GREEN ECONOMY POLICY REVIEW OF SOUTH AFRICA’S INDUSTRIAL POLICY FRAMEWORK Acknowledgements Acknowledgements This research report was produced by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) with funding from the European Union in the framework of the project Inclusive Green Economy Policy Making for SDGs. The publication is based on a green economy policy review methodology developed by UNEP as part of the same project. The report was coordinated by Claudia Assmann under the guidance of Sheng Fulai and Steven Stone from the Resources and Markets Branch at UNEP. Lead authors of this report were Gaylor Montmasson-Clair and Gillian Chigumira from Trade & Industrial Policy Strategies (TIPS), a
    [Show full text]
  • Energy, Water and Climate Change in Southern Africa
    Energy, water and climate change in Southern Africa What are the issues that need further investment and research? Lead author: Gisela Prasad Contributing authors: Michael Boulle, Anya Boyd, Sebataolo Rahlao, Holle Wlokas and Ivan Yaholnitsky Energy Research Centre University of Cape Town, South Africa Photos on cover page Left: Barren fields at Bethel in Lesotho; hot and dry - perfect weather for solar applications, but not farming). Right: Storm water diverted to the Bethel Business and Development Centre campus where it will slow, spread and sink. A lush fruit and vegetable garden has developed. Contents Executive summary vi 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Methodology 3 2. Brief country reviews including climate change scenarios for the region 4 2.1 Brief country reviews 4 2.2 Climate change in the Southern African region 5 2.3 The impact of climate change on water and environmental resources in the region 6 3. Competing water needs for industrial and agricultural development and integrated water and energy planning 7 3.1 Competing water needs 7 3.2 Integrated water and energy planning in the context of climate change 7 3.3 Additional water and energy resources from water conservation, waste and sewage, water recycling, desalination, inter-basin transfers 8 3.4 Water needs of renewable energy technologies 10 4. Energy technologies in rural water supply 12 4.1 Energy technologies employed in rural water supply 12 5. Energy technologies in rural water supply – case studies from Namibia, Botswana and Mozambique 18 5.1 Namibia 19
    [Show full text]
  • Land Reform in the Xhalanga District, Eastern Cape
    Land reform in the Xhalanga district, Eastern Cape (A case study appended to the report on land redistribution) A research report commissioned by the High Level Panel of Parliament Prof Lungisile Ntsebeza and Dr Fani Ncapayi 9/1/2016 Introduction We begin our report by laying the historical and contextual background of land reform in the Xhalanga district. The period covered starts with the establishment of the Xhalanga district and its people in the nineteenth century up to the demise of apartheid and the introduction of a constitutional democracy in South Africa in 1994. The key focus throughout is land tenure. The second section deals with the post-1994 period and the manner in which land reform was introduced and the extent to which it has been implemented in Xhalanga. About Xhalanga and its people up to the beginning of the Gun War in 1880 Xhalanga was one of two districts that formed what became known as Emigrant Thembuland in the Transkei part of the then Cape colony. The other district was 1 Southeyville. The term “Emigrant Thembuland’ was used to describe the area of land that as allocated to four chiefs who left Glen Grey in 1865 (see map). Figure 1 Map of the Glen Grey area The people who moved from Glen Grey in 1865 were descendants of abaThembu who moved northwards in the 1830s as a result of the Tshaka-led Mfecanei in the 1820s and subsequent wars with amaBhaca and amaMpondo.ii Prior to this, abaThembu had occupied the piece of land between the Bashee and Umzimvubu Rivers.iii The Cape colonial government eventually settled abaThembu who moved northwards in the Glen Grey and Indwe districts.
    [Show full text]
  • Gradual, Repetitive and Delayed Processes of BRT Adoption in South African Cities
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF URBAN AND REGIONAL RESEARCH 568 DOI:10.1111/1468-2427.12216 — MULTIPLE TEMPORALITIES OF POLICY CIRCULATION: Gradual, Repetitive and Delayed Processes of BRT Adoption in South African Cities astrid wood Abstract In 2006, bus rapid transit (BRT) swept across South African cities. Within three years of learning of the Bogotá model of BRT, Johannesburg’s Rea Vaya opened, followed shortly by Cape Town’s MyCiTi, while several other cities are at various stages of planning and implementation. This article traces the circulation of BRT across the South African urban context to expose the multiple and varied temporalities through which BRT came to appear as the only available solution. These earlier encounters, which include the first published discussion of BRT in South Africa in a 1973 conference report, study visits to Curitiba in the 1990s and a failed attempt to implement a Bogotá-style BRT system in Cape Town in 2003, were instrumental in creating a fertile ground for later adoption prac- tices. While it may appear as if circulated policies shorten the gestation time from policy introduction to policy adoption, these repeated attempts to implement circulated inno- vations ensure that the turnover only seems accelerated. This article unravels the story of BRT adoption, departing from the theoretical discussions of the policy circulation process as a rapid phenomenon, instead demonstrating that it is gradual, repetitive and at times delayed. A historical understanding of bus rapid transit From Curitiba and Bogotá to Istanbul and Ottawa, bus rapid transit (BRT) has proven to be a quick, cost-effective and efficient method of urban transport that com- bines the speed and quality of rail transport with the flexibility of a bus system.
    [Show full text]
  • Ripe with Abuse Human Rights Conditions in South Africa's Fruit
    South Africa HUMAN Ripe with Abuse RIGHTS Human Rights Conditions in South Africa’s Fruit and Wine Industries WATCH Ripe with Abuse Human Rights Conditions in South Africa’s Fruit and Wine Industries Copyright © 2011 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-801-5 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 51, Avenue Blanc 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1st Fl, Wilds View Isle of Houghton, Boundary Road Parktown, 2198 South Africa 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org AUGUST 2011 ISBN: 1-56432-801-5 Ripe with Abuse Human Rights Conditions in South Africa’s Fruit and Wine Industries Summary and Key Recommendations ................................................................................
    [Show full text]