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Chapter 2. Geophysical Environment
Chapter 2. Geophysical Environment Geographical Location dated February 08, 2012 and RA 10161 dated April 10, Cavite is part of the Philippines’ largest island, the Luzon 2012, respectively, and the newly converted City of Gen. Peninsula. Found in the southern portion, Cavite belongs Trias through Republic Act 10675 which was signed into to Region IV-A or the CALABARZON region. The provinces law on August 19, 2015 and ratified on December 12, of Batangas in the south, Laguna in the east, Rizal in the 2015. northeast, Metro Manila and Manila Bay in the north, and West Philippine Sea in the west bounds the Province. Presidential Decree 1163 declared the City of Imus is the de jure provincial capital, and Trece Martires City is the Cavite has the GPS coordinates of 14.2456º N, 120.8786º E. Its proximity to Metro Manila gives the province a de facto seat of the provincial government. significant edge in terms of economic development. In addition, in 1909, during the American regime, Governor-General W. Cameron Forbes issued the Executive Order No. 124, declaring Act No. 1748 that annexed Corregidor and the Islands of Caballo (Fort Hughes), La Monja, El Fraile (Fort Drum), Sta. Amalia, Carabao (Fort Frank) and Limbones, as well as all waters and detached rocks surrounding them to the City of Cavite. These are now major tourist attractions of the province. The municipality of Ternate also has Balut Island. Table 2.1 Number of barangays by city/municipality and congressional district; Province of Cavite: 2018 Number of City/Municipality Barangays 1st District 143 Cavite City 84 Kawit 23 Political Boundaries Noveleta 16 Rosario 20 The province of Cavite has well-defined political 2nd District 73 subdivisions. -
Hall's Manila Bibliography
05 July 2015 THE RODERICK HALL COLLECTION OF BOOKS ON MANILA AND THE PHILIPPINES DURING WORLD WAR II IN MEMORY OF ANGELINA RICO de McMICKING, CONSUELO McMICKING HALL, LT. ALFRED L. McMICKING AND HELEN McMICKING, EXECUTED IN MANILA, JANUARY 1945 The focus of this collection is personal experiences, both civilian and military, within the Philippines during the Japanese occupation. ABAÑO, O.P., Rev. Fr. Isidro : Executive Editor Title: FEBRUARY 3, 1945: UST IN RETROSPECT A booklet commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the Liberation of the University of Santo Tomas. ABAYA, Hernando J : Author Title: BETRAYAL IN THE PHILIPPINES Published by: A.A. Wyn, Inc. New York 1946 Mr. Abaya lived through the Japanese occupation and participated in many of the underground struggles he describes. A former confidential secretary in the office of the late President Quezon, he worked as a reporter and editor for numerous magazines and newspapers in the Philippines. Here he carefully documents collaborationist charges against President Roxas and others who joined the Japanese puppet government. ABELLANA, Jovito : Author Title: MY MOMENTS OF WAR TO REMEMBER BY Published by: University of San Carlos Press, Cebu, 2011 ISBN #: 978-971-539-019-4 Personal memoir of the Governor of Cebu during WWII, written during and just after the war but not published until 2011; a candid story about the treatment of prisoners in Cebu by the Kempei Tai. Many were arrested as a result of collaborators who are named but escaped punishment in the post war amnesty. ABRAHAM, Abie : Author Title: GHOST OF BATAAN SPEAKS Published by: Beaver Pond Publishing, PA 16125, 1971 This is a first-hand account of the disastrous events that took place from December 7, 1941 until the author returned to the US in 1947. -
Fort Drum - During the Bataan - Corregidor Campaign, 8 December 1941 to 6 May 1942
SUBJECT: Report on Operations and Material - Fort Drum - During the Bataan - Corregidor Campaign, 8 December 1941 to 6 May 1942. TO: Commanding General Army Ground Forces Washington, DC 1. Orientation. a. Geographical. The entrance to Manila Bay is guarded by 4 islands. (1) Corregidor - (Fort Mills) (2) Caballo - (Fort Hughes) (3) El Fraile - (Fort Drum) (4) Carabao - (Fort Frank) b. Tactical Command. The tactical command at the beginning of World War II was known as the Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays. This report deals with Manila Bay only. The defenses were divided into two parts, the ?? Command and the Seaward Defenses Command. Under the Seaward Defense Command were groups I, II, III and IV. (There were no groupments). The mission of the Seaward Defense Command was "to deny the enemy the use of Manila Bay and to protect the detachment of our Navy therefrom". 2. Fort Drum - Description and Organization. a. Fort Drum was constructed on the small island of El Fraile in the channel of Manila Bay in 1913, and was termed the "Concrete Battleship". The entire top of the original island was cut away to below the surface of the water. On this foundation, the reinforced concrete fort was constructed. When completed, it was 350 feet long by 144 feet wide and the main top deck extended 40 feet above mean low water. The general outline of the hull, as seen from above, resembled a ship with the pointed bow toward the China Sea. The exterior walls of the fort were approximately 20 feet thick, of reinforced concrete. -
The Concrete Battleship Was Flooded, the Guns Drained of Recoil Oil and Fired One Last Time, the Colors
The Iowan History letter Vol. 5 Number 2 Second Quarter, 2016 The Concrete Initially Fort Drum was planned as a mine control and mine casemate station. However, due to inadequate de- fenses in the area, a plan was devised to level the island, and then build a concrete structure on top of it armed with Battleship two twin 12-inch guns. This was submitted to the War Department, which decided to change the 12-inch guns to 14-inch guns mounted on twin armored turrets. The forward turret, with a traverse of 230°, was mounted on the forward portion of the top deck, which was 9 ft below the top deck; the rear turret, with a full 360° traverse, was mounted on the top deck. The guns of both turrets were capable of 15° elevation, giving them a range of 19,200 yards. Secondary armament was to be provided by two pairs of 6-inch guns mounted in armored casemates on either side of the main structure. There were two 3-inch mobile AA guns on “spider” mounts for anti-aircraft de- fense. Fort Drum in the 1930s Overhead protection of the fort was provided by an 20- Fort Drum (El Fraile Island), also known as “the con- foot thick steel-reinforced concrete deck. Its exterior walls crete battleship,” is a heavily fortified island situated at ranged between approximately 25 to 36 ft thick, making it the mouth of Manila Bay in the Philippines, due south of virtually impregnable to enemy naval attack. Corregidor Island. The reinforced concrete fortress shaped like a battleship, was built by the United States in 1909 as Construction one of the harbor defenses at the wider South Channel entrance to the bay during the American colonial period. -
CDSG Newsletter
CDSGThe Newsletter The Coast Defense Study Group, Inc. — February 2017 Chairman’s Message CDSG Meeting and Tour Calendar Alex Hall Please advise Terry McGovern of any additions or changes at [email protected] Although it has been the general practice for a director on the board to serve as Chairman of the Board in their third year, Alfred 2017 CDSG Pre-Conference Tour Chiswell expressed his desire to concentrate his time on supporting March 26-28, 2017 the Puget Sound Coast Artillery Museum, at Fort Worden in Port Eastern New York Townsend, WA. The museum was a highlight for our last confer- Terry McGovern, [email protected] ence there and it is hoped the museum will continue to help tell the history of the coast artillery in the United States. I am therefore 2017 CDSG Annual Conference honored hold the position of Chairman of the Board of Directors, March 28 - April 2, 2017 and look forward to continuing to work with my fellow directors, New York officers, and committee chairs this year. N. Scarpulla & S. Welch, [email protected] In less than two months, our 2017 annual conference and meet- ing will be taking place. This year’s conference, touring sites of the 2017 CDSG Post-Conference Tour Harbor Defenses of New York, looks to be as varied and exciting April 2-3, 2017 as New York City itself. With so much to see, pre-conference and Camp Hero/Montauk, NY post-conference excursions are offered as well. Norm Scarpulla, Terry McGovern, [email protected] Shawn Welch, and Terry McGovern have worked tirelessly to secure access to usually restricted government and privately controlled 2018 CDSG Conference coast artillery structures. -
Toponyms in Manila and Cavite, Philippines
Marivic Lesho, Eeva Sippola Toponyms in Manila and Cavite, Philippines Abstract: This article examines place names in two Tagalog-speaking Philippine regions, the metropolitan area of Manila and the province of Cavite. The topo- nyms of the Spanish, American, and independent Philippine periods are com- pared, based on a sample from historical and contemporary sources including maps, articles, and geographical surveys. The place names include Tagalog endonyms related to local environmental features, religious and anthroponymic commemorative Spanish exonyms, and hybrid forms that combine Tagalog, Spanish, and/or English etymology. More recently, geo-classifiers from English are often found in hybrid forms. The results show that place-naming practices in Metro Manila and Cavite have shifted over time due to the contact between Ta- galog, Spanish, and English in the region, and they reflect political and ideolog- ical stances. Keywords: Tagalog, Spanish, English, toponyms, Manila, Cavite 1 Introduction This article studies place names in Tagalog regions of the metropolitan area of Manila and the province of Cavite in the Philippines. The Philippines were part of the Spanish empire from the 1500s to the late 1800s when, after the Philip- pine independence movement and the Spanish-American War, the islands fell under American control in 1898. The United States governed the islands until the country’s independence in 1946. These changes in local, colonial, and ad- ministrative powers provide a fascinating opportunity to compare place names from a historical perspective. In light of this background, our aim is to discover patterns and principles that govern place-naming practices in this area throughout different historical periods. -
Concrete Battleship: Unsinkable Guardian of Manila
Unsinkable Guardian of Manila Bay INTRODUCTION: Anyone familiar with World War II history knows of the heroic but futile defense of Corregidor mounted by American military forces during the first few months of 1942. Much less known is a similar and valiant effort expended by the garrison of a tiny, adjacent installation located at the mouth of Manila Bay, named Fort Drum. That outpost was once just a small outcropping of rock at the entrance of the bay which played an insignificant role in the Spanish- American War. Later transformed into what resembles a 'concrete battleship', this heavily fortified base was the last American position to surrender after Manila, Bataan and Corregidor were overrun by the Japanese. Even today, it remains 'unsinkable', albeit slowly succumbing to the ravages of time after decades of being abandoned as a harbor defense installation. EL FRAILE ISLAND: In the 1800s, when the Philippine Islands were under Spanish control, a few cannon were placed on El Fraile (The Friar) Island and the other islands situated at the mouth of Manila Bay. One such weapon is barely visible on the far right in this rare view of El Fraile. The intent was to deny passage into Manila Bay by an attacking force. This proved to be an inadequate precaution, during the Spanish-American War of 1898. In the pre-dawn hours of May 1, 1898, US Navy vessels under the command of Admiral Dewey easily slipped past these defensive positions. When the American warships were spotted by Spanish gun crews on the islands, their ineffective gunfire was quickly silenced by Admiral Dewey's squadron. -
Transnational Bataan Memories
TRANSNATIONAL BATAAN MEMORIES: TEXT, FILM, MONUMENT, AND COMMEMORATION A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN AMERICAN STUDIES DECEMBER 2012 By Miguel B. Llora Dissertation Committee: Robert Perkinson, Chairperson Vernadette Gonzalez William Chapman Kathy Ferguson Yuma Totani Keywords: Bataan Death March, Public History, text, film, monuments, commemoration ii Copyright by Miguel B. Llora 2012 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank all my committee members for helping me navigate through the complex yet pleasurable process of undertaking research and writing a dissertation. My PhD experience provided me the context to gain a more profound insight into the world in which I live. In the process of writing this manuscript, I also developed a deeper understanding of myself. I also deeply appreciate the assistance of several colleagues, friends, and family who are too numerous to list. I appreciate their constant support and will forever be in their debt. Thanks and peace. iv ABSTRACT This dissertation is a study of the politics of historical commemoration relating to the Bataan Death March. I began by looking for abandonment but instead I found struggles for visibility. To explain this diverse set of moves, this dissertation deploys a theoretical framework and a range of research methods that enables analysis of disparate subjects such as war memoirs, films, memorials, and commemorative events. Therefore, each chapter in this dissertation looks at a different yet interrelated struggle for visibility. This dissertation is unique because it gives voice to competing publics, it looks at the stakes they have in creating monuments of historical remembrance, and it acknowledges their competing reasons for producing their version of history. -
Annual Report of the United States High Commissioner to the Philippine Islands
o I / . ,K UMASS/AMHERST |i>ii|i|ll!!!ll!ll!!ll! 354.S I 1979 - House Document No. Ill 3T2O66 0344 ^q^ , y The Sixth Annual Report of the United States High Commissioner to the Philippine Islands to the President and Congress of the United States Covering the Fiscal Year July 1, 1941 to June 30, 1942 Washington, D. €., Octobei 20, 1*142 78th Congress, 1st Session House Document No. Ill SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES HIGH COMMISSIONER TO THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES TRANSMITTING THE SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES HIGH COMMISSIONER TO THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS COVERING THE FISCAL YEAR JULY 1, 1941, TO JUNE 30, 1942 February 15, 1943.—Referred to the Committee on Insular Affairs and ordered to be printed UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1943 U LETTER OF SUBMITTAL To the Congress oj the United States: As required by section 7 (4) of the act of Congress approved March 24, 1934, entitled "An act to provide for the complete independence of the Philippine Islands, to provide for the adoption of a constitu- tion and a form of government for the Philippine Islands, and for other purposes," I transmit herewith, for the information of the Congress, the Sixth Annual Report of the United States High Com- missioner to the Philippine Islands covering the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1941, and ending June 30, 1942. Franklin D, Roosevelt, The White House, February 15, 1943. nx )» TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. General Statement 1 II. Military AND Naval Activities AND Civilian Defense 14 Military developments 14 Naval activities 17 Civilian welfare and defense___l 20 III. -
Subject Index A
Journal of America’s Military Past Subject Index by Whole Number A Alternative Joint Communications Center, 100 Acronyms, Army, 47, 53 Ambulances, Civil War, 64 Adams, Fort, RI, 31, 75 American Foreign Legionaires, 85 Adjutant General, Army, 87 American Military Philosophical Society, Aero Squadron, 1st, 70, 123 104 Afghanistan, 136 American Review, 105 African Americans, 67, 84, 85, 90, 91, 92, Antiaircraft artillery, 50, 52, 63, 83 95, 97, 101, 105, 113, 116, 118, 125, Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion, 8th, 52 135 Antiaircraft Artillery Training Centers, African American School Detachments, 135 Camp Cullen, CA, 50 Air Force bases, Camp Haan, CA, 63 Glasgow, MT, 3 Apache, Fort, AZ, 6, 21 March, CA, 73 Apache Pass, 2, 88 Pyote, TX, 17, 48 Apache Scouts, 39 Warren, WY, 58 Apache Wars, 2, 63, 66, 78, 88 Air Service Command , Ordnance Section, Arikaree Campaign of 1823, 88 Base Air Depot, England, 74 Arizona (State), 1, 2, 6, 12, 16, 21, 26, 30, Air Transport Command, CBI, 74 32, 35, 38, 39, 47, 60, 63, 66, 69, 78 Aircraft (military) use in fighting forest fires, Camps, 26, 32, 35, 39, 47 75 Forts, 1, 2, 6, 12, 21, 26, 35, 63 Aircraft Warning Service, Army, 86 Installations of, 1, 2, 6, 12, 16, 21, Airships, 26, 32, 35, 38, 39, 47, 63 Macon, USS, 46 Arizona, USS, 132 Los Angeles, USS, 46, 69 Arkansas (State), 71 Shenandoah, USS, 69 Armstrong, James, Jr., CSA, 103 Airship landing point, Hawaii, 46 Army, Alabama (State), 27 acronyms, 47, 53 Alaska (State), 23, 36, 52, 54, 55, 56, 58, 74, Adjutant General, 87 77, 117 Aircraft Warning Service, -
A List of Harbor Defense Fort Articles and Books from Past CDSG Publications Mark Berhow
* * * * * A List of Harbor Defense Fort Articles and Books from Past CDSG Publications Mark Berhow Besides the CDSG ePress PDF documentation collection – Reports of Completed Batteries (RCBs), Reports of Completed Works (RCWs), the Engineer Notebooks (EN), confidential blueprint map series (Maps), Signal Corps aerial photos of the 1920s-1930s (AP), Quartermaster building records (QM), and the annexes to the harbor defense projects of the 1930s and 1940s (Annex) - the CDSG has also published a number of articles and book reviews in its publications over the years that cover either specific forts or complete harbor defenses. I have put together a summary list that covers the modern-era forts (1900-1950). For each harbor defense, the forts/camps/military reservations that had the major armament are listed, along with any associated park visitor’s centers or museums. Each entry has, in abbreviated form, a listing of the documentation available from the CDSG ePress, followed by a list of articles and books that cover either the harbor defense as a whole or a specific fort in those defenses. The list includes Bob Zink’s Forts of Wherever series (a summary listing of all the major and minor locations), and Bill Gaines’ various harbor defense histories. CDSG has published a number of book reviews in its publications over the years that cover either specific forts or complete harbor defenses. I have put together a summary list that covers the modern-era forts (1900-1950). A general bibliography of seacoast defense books and references follows at the end of this article. I have tried to include as many of the National Park Service historical resource studies that I know of, but only those that cover a modern-era fort or seacoast defense area. -
A List of Military Reservations and Concrete Gun Batteries 1890-1950
Reference Guide 201 MODERN AMERICAN SEACOAST DEFENSES A LIST OF MILITARY RESERVATIONS AND CONCRETE GUN BATTERIES 1890-1950 Compiled by Mark A. Berhow © 2021, Mark Berhow Revision Date: February 27, 2021 Fort Michie (Great Gull Island, NY) Once part of the Harbor Defenses of Long Island Sound, NY, the island is now a national wildlife refuge. The large concrete structure in the forground is Battery J.M.K. Davis, built for a single 16-inch gun on a disappearing carriage. Photograph by Terry McGovern, 2003. 202 American Seacoast Defenses AMERICAN SEACOAST DEFENSES A LIST OF MILITARY RESERVATIONS AND CONCRETE GUN BATTERIES 1890-1945 This is an attempt to list all the concrete emplacements built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to hold seacoast armament of the “Modern era” (1890-1950). It includes four major generations of American coast defense construction—the Early Modern Program batteries (the “Endicott Board” and the “Taft Board”), the post-World War I batteries, and the WW II Modernization Program batteries—as well as those batteries built during emergency situations. Every effort has been made to make this list as accurate as possible, but it will most likely contain a number of errors and omissions. The author would greatly appreciate being contacted about any corrections. Fort and battery names used in this list are those perceived by the author as being the last official designation. Named batteries are listed by surname only, even though as many were designated by the full name of the person they were named after. See Designating US Seacoast Fortifications, War Department General Orders and Letters from the Adjutant General 1809-1950, compiled by Matthew Adams (privately published by the compiler, Australia, 2000) for more information on fort and battery names.