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October 22, 1962 Amintore Fanfani Diaries (Excepts)
Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified October 22, 1962 Amintore Fanfani Diaries (excepts) Citation: “Amintore Fanfani Diaries (excepts),” October 22, 1962, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, Italian Senate Historical Archives [the Archivio Storico del Senato della Repubblica]. Translated by Leopoldo Nuti. http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/115421 Summary: The few excerpts about Cuba are a good example of the importance of the diaries: not only do they make clear Fanfani’s sense of danger and his willingness to search for a peaceful solution of the crisis, but the bits about his exchanges with Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs Carlo Russo, with the Italian Ambassador in London Pietro Quaroni, or with the USSR Presidium member Frol Kozlov, help frame the Italian position during the crisis in a broader context. Credits: This document was made possible with support from the Leon Levy Foundation. Original Language: Italian Contents: English Translation The Amintore Fanfani Diaries 22 October Tonight at 20:45 [US Ambassador Frederick Reinhardt] delivers me a letter in which [US President] Kennedy announces that he must act with an embargo of strategic weapons against Cuba because he is threatened by missile bases. And he sends me two of the four parts of the speech which he will deliver at midnight [Rome time; 7 pm Washington time]. I reply to the ambassador wondering whether they may be falling into a trap which will have possible repercussions in Berlin and elsewhere. Nonetheless, caught by surprise, I decide to reply formally tomorrow. I immediately called [President of the Republic Antonio] Segni in Sassari and [Foreign Minister Attilio] Piccioni in Brussels recommending prudence and peace for tomorrow’s EEC [European Economic Community] meeting. -
Mandatory Data Retention by the Backdoor
statewatch monitoring the state and civil liberties in the UK and Europe vol 12 no 6 November-December 2002 Mandatory data retention by the backdoor EU: The majority of member states are adopting mandatory data retention and favour an EU-wide measure UK: Telecommunications surveillance has more than doubled under the Labour government A special analysis on the surveillance of telecommunications by states have, or are planning to, introduce mandatory data Statewatch shows that: i) the authorised surveillance in England, retention (only two member states appear to be resisting this Wales and Scotland has more than doubled since the Labour move). In due course it can be expected that a "harmonising" EU government came to power in 1997; ii) mandatory data retention measure will follow. is so far being introduced at national level in 9 out of 15 EU members states and 10 out of 15 favour a binding EU Framework Terrorism pretext for mandatory data retention Decision; iii) the introduction in the EU of the mandatory Mandatory data retention had been demanded by EU law retention of telecommunications data (ie: keeping details of all enforcement agencies and discussed in the EU working parties phone-calls, mobile phone calls and location, faxes, e-mails and and international fora for several years prior to 11 September internet usage of the whole population of Europe for at least 12 2000. On 20 September 2001 the EU Justice and Home Affairs months) is intended to combat crime in general. Council put it to the top of the agenda as one of the measures to combat terrorism. -
FREEMASONRY And/ Or MASON And/ Or MASONS And/ Or SHRINERS And/ Or SHRINER and the Search Results Page
This document is made available through the declassification efforts and research of John Greenewald, Jr., creator of: The Black Vault The Black Vault is the largest online Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) document clearinghouse in the world. The research efforts here are responsible for the declassification of hundreds of thousands of pages released by the U.S. Government & Military. Discover the Truth at: http://www.theblackvault.com NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY CENTRAL SECURITY SERVICE FORT GEORGE G. MEADE, MARYLAND 20755-6000 FOIA Case: 85473A 30 September 20 16 JOHN GREENEWALD Dear Mr. Greenewald: This responds to your Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request of 15 September 2016 for lntellipedia entries on FREEMASON andjor FREEMASONRY and/ or MASON and/ or MASONS and/ or SHRINERS and/ or SHRINER and the search results page. As stated in our initial response letter, dated 19 September 2016, your request was assigned Case Number 854 73. For purposes of this request and based on the information you provided in your letter, you are considered an "all other" requester. As such, you are allowed 2 hours of search and the duplication of 100 pages at no cost. There are no assessable fees for this request. A copy of your request is enclosed. Your request has been processed under the FOIA. For your information, NSA provides a service of common concem for the Intelligence Community (IC) by serving as the executive agent for lntelink. As such, NSA provides technical services that enable users to access and share information with peers and stakeholders across the IC and DoD. Intellipedia pages are living documents that may be originated by any user organization, and any user organization may contribute to or edit pages after their origination. -
Excerpt from GOD's BANKERS by Gerald Posner 1 Murder in London
Excerpt from GOD’S BANKERS by Gerald Posner 1 Murder in London London, June 18, 1982, 7:30 a.m. Anthony Huntley, a young postal clerk at the Daily Express, was walking to work along the footpath under Blackfriars Bridge. His daily commute had become so routine that he paid little attention to the bridge’s distinctive pale blue and white wrought iron arches. But a yellowish orange rope tied to a pipe at the far end of the north arch caught his attention. Curious, he leaned over the parapet and froze. A body hung from the rope, a thick knot tied around its neck. The dead man’s eyes were partially open. The river lapped at his feet. Huntley rubbed his eyes in disbelief and then walked to a nearby terrace with an unobstructed view over the Thames: he wanted to confirm what he had seen. The shock of his grisly discovery sank in.1 By the time Huntley made his way to his newspaper office, he was pale and felt ill. He was so distressed that a colleague had to make the emergency call to Scotland Yard.2 In thirty minutes the Thames River Police anchored one of their boats beneath Blackfriars’ Number One arch. There they got a close-up of the dead man. He appeared to be about sixty, average height, slightly overweight, and his receding hair was dyed jet black. His expensive gray suit was lumpy and distorted. After cutting him down, they laid the body on the boat deck. It was then they discovered the reason his suit was so misshapen. -
“The Black Virus”
“THE BLACK VIRUS” By Giorgio Mottola Consultant Andrea Palladino With the contribution of Norma Ferrara – Simona Peluso Video by Dario D’India – Alfredo Farina Video by Davide Fonda – Tommaso Javidi Editing and graphics by Giorgio Vallati GIORGIO MOTTOLA OFF CAMERA How a video by the news show TGR Leonardo went viral is a rather unusual story. It was extremely difficult to find on search engines. So, for five years the story remained buried in the RAI website's archive – until last month, it had zero views. SIGFRIDO RANUCCI IN THE STUDIO This video appeared on social media and on our mobile phones while we were at home in lockdown, somewhat nettled by the long, enforced quarantine. It was an old TGR Leonardo report, showing Chinese reporters in a lab, experimenting on a strain of coronavirus. And we all shared the same suspicion. The SARS-CoV-2 strain is manmade, the poisoned fruit of Chinese researchers. We all posted it on our profiles, including me, though I pointed out that scientists had excluded any human intervention and that the video was spreading quicker than coronavirus. Who pushed it so far? Who made it go viral? With what intent? And, above all, was it real or fake news? There's a fine line there. GIORGIO MOTTOLA OFF CAMERA If you have a social network profile or just use WhatsApp, while locked away at home you will certainly have seen this video. TGR LEONARDO – FROM 16/11/2015 It's an experiment, sure, but it's worrying. It worries many scientists. A team of Chinese researchers inserts a protein taken from bats into a SARS virus strain, or acute pneumonia, obtained from mice. -
Public Plicy Brief 44
PPB No.44 2/18/99 2:50 PM Page a1 The Jerome Levy Economics Institute of Bard College Public Policy Brief The Asian Disease: Pl a u s i b l e Di a g n o s e s , Po s s i b l e Re m e d i e s Regulation of Cros s - B o r der Interbank Lending and Derivatives Tra d e Ma r tin Mayer No. 44, 1998 PPB No.44 2/18/99 2:50 PM Page 2 The Jerome Levy Economics Institute of Bard Co l l e g e , founded in 1986, is an autonomous, inde- pendently endowed re s e a rch organization. It is n o n p a rtisan, open to the examination of diverse points of view, and dedicated to public servi c e . The Jerome Levy Economics Institute is publish - ing this proposal with the conviction that it rep r e - sents a constructive and positive contribution to the discussions and debates on the relevant policy issues. Neither the Institute’s Board of Governo r s nor its Advisory Board necessarily endorses the pr oposal in this issue. The Levy Institute believes in the potential for the study of economics to improve the human condi- tion. Through scholarship and economic forecast- ing it generates viable, effective public policy responses to important economic problems that profoundly affect the quality of life in the United States and abroad. The present res e a r ch agenda includes such issues as financial instability, povert y, employment, pro b- lems associated with the distribution of income and wealth, and international trade and competitive- ness. -
Tuesday July 30, 1996
7±30±96 Tuesday Vol. 61 No. 147 July 30, 1996 Pages 39555±39838 federal register 1 II Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 147 / Tuesday, July 30, 1996 SUBSCRIPTIONS AND COPIES PUBLIC Subscriptions: Paper or fiche 202±512±1800 FEDERAL REGISTER Published daily, Monday through Friday, Assistance with public subscriptions 512±1806 (not published on Saturdays, Sundays, or on official holidays), by General online information 202±512±1530 the Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC 20408, under the Federal Register Single copies/back copies: Act (49 Stat. 500, as amended; 44 U.S.C. Ch. 15) and the Paper or fiche 512±1800 regulations of the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register Assistance with public single copies 512±1803 (1 CFR Ch. I). Distribution is made only by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC FEDERAL AGENCIES 20402. Subscriptions: The Federal Register provides a uniform system for making Paper or fiche 523±5243 available to the public regulations and legal notices issued by Assistance with Federal agency subscriptions 523±5243 Federal agencies. These include Presidential proclamations and For other telephone numbers, see the Reader Aids section Executive Orders and Federal agency documents having general applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published at the end of this issue. by act of Congress and other Federal agency documents of public interest. Documents are on file for public inspection in the Office of the Federal Register the day before they are published, unless earlier filing is requested by the issuing agency. -
The Reason Given for the UK's Decision to Float Sterling Was the Weight of International Short-Term Capital
- Issue No. 181 No. 190, July 6, 1972 The Pound Afloat: The reason given for the U.K.'s decision to float sterling was the weight of international short-term capital movements which, despite concerted intervention from the Bank of England and European central banks, had necessitated massive sup port operations. The U.K. is anxious that the rate should quickly o.s move to a "realistic" level, at or around the old parity of %2. 40 - r,/, .• representing an effective 8% devaluation against the dollar. A w formal devaluation coupled with a wage freeze was urged by the :,I' Bank of England, but this would be politically embarrassing in the }t!IJ light of the U.K. Chancellor's repeated statements that the pound was "not at an unrealistic rate." The decision to float has been taken in spite of a danger that this may provoke an international or European monetary crisis. European markets tend to consider sterling as the dollar's first line of defense and, although the U.S. Treasury reaffirmed the Smithsonian Agreement, there are fears throughout Europe that pressure on the U.S. currency could disrupt the exchange rate re lationship established last December. On the Continent, the Dutch and Belgians have put forward a scheme for a joint float of Common Market currencies against the dollar. It will not easily be implemented, since speculation in the ex change markets has pushed the various EEC countries in different directions. The Germans have been under pressure to revalue, the Italians to devalue. Total opposition to a Community float is ex pected from France (this would sever the ties between the franc and gold), and the French also are adamant that Britain should re affirm its allegiance to the European monetary agreement and return to a fixed parity. -
Italian Political Parties and Military Operations Abroad
Network for the Advancement of Social and Political Studies (NASP) PhD Program in Political Studies (POLS) – 32nd Cohort PhD Dissertation “At the Water’s Edge?”: Italian Political Parties and Military Operations Abroad Supervisor PhD Candidate Prof. Fabrizio Coticchia Valerio Vignoli Director of the Course Prof. Matteo Jessoula Academic Year: 2018/2019 Index Tables and figures Acknowledgments Introduction Aim of the research…………………………………………………………………………... 1 The state of the art and contribution to the literature………………………………………… 3 Case selection: Italian parties and MOAs during the Second Republic……………………… 5 Data and methods…………………………………………………………………………….. 8 Structure of the thesis……………………………………………………………………….... 9 Chapter 1 – Political parties, foreign policy and Italy’s involvement in Military Operations Abroad Introduction………………………………………………………………………………....... 11 The domestic turn in International Relations………………………………………………… 12 Political Parties and foreign policy…………………………………………………………... 16 - Ideology and foreign policy………………………………………………………….. 17 - Coalition politics and foreign policy…………………………………………………. 20 - Parliament and war…………………………………………………………………… 23 Political parties and Military Operations Abroad in Italy during the Second Republic……… 26 - Italian political parties: from the First to the Second Republic………………………. 26 - Italian foreign policy in the Second Republic: between continuity and change……… 30 - Italy and Military Operations Abroad……………………………………………….... 33 Conclusions…………………………………………………………………………………… 41 Chapter 2 – Explaining -
Investigating Italy's Past Through Historical Crime Fiction, Films, and Tv
INVESTIGATING ITALY’S PAST THROUGH HISTORICAL CRIME FICTION, FILMS, AND TV SERIES Murder in the Age of Chaos B P ITALIAN AND ITALIAN AMERICAN STUDIES AND ITALIAN ITALIAN Italian and Italian American Studies Series Editor Stanislao G. Pugliese Hofstra University Hempstead , New York, USA Aims of the Series This series brings the latest scholarship in Italian and Italian American history, literature, cinema, and cultural studies to a large audience of spe- cialists, general readers, and students. Featuring works on modern Italy (Renaissance to the present) and Italian American culture and society by established scholars as well as new voices, it has been a longstanding force in shaping the evolving fi elds of Italian and Italian American Studies by re-emphasizing their connection to one another. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/14835 Barbara Pezzotti Investigating Italy’s Past through Historical Crime Fiction, Films, and TV Series Murder in the Age of Chaos Barbara Pezzotti Victoria University of Wellington New Zealand Italian and Italian American Studies ISBN 978-1-137-60310-4 ISBN 978-1-349-94908-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/978-1-349-94908-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016948747 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. -
1 the Italian Decision of Joining The
The Italian decision of joining the EMS: Exchange rate commitment as a political argument in favour of institutional reforms* Anna Solé University Pompeu Fabra May, 7th, 2018 Abstract: During the negotiations about the European Monetary System (EMS), the Italian government consistently held the position that Italy was not going to join a “re-edited Snake”. However, when it became clear that the EMS would work under the hegemony of the German mark, just as the previous system did, the Italian government surprisingly changed position and decided to adhere to the new monetary arrangement, although this decision imposed unpopular reforms and threatened with provoking a government crisis. The debate on the convenience for Italy of participating in the EMS shows that besides the discussion on the new monetary system, other important discussions, concerning institutional reforms, were also taking place. In many occasions, EMS membership was used to justify the need for other institutional reforms that did not enjoy enough political support to be implemented. In particular, the reform of the wage indexation mechanism and the change in the status of the Banca d’Italia are examples of how the exchange rate commitment and the European compromises were used to impose measures that were very unpopular and, otherwise, would have been very difficult to carry out. Introduction: On the 5th of December 1978, the agreement of the European Monetary System (EMS) was signed by six of the nine members of the EEC. The United Kingdom decided to stay out, whereas Italy and Ireland were given some additional time to take their final decision. -
Elenco Dei Libri Del Fondo Del Dott. F. Ferroni ARMADIO 1
Biblioteca Comunale Baden Powell Gestione Pro Loco “C. Maratti”- c/o Centro Baden Powell - Piazza S. Apollinare, 1 - 60021 CAMERANO - (AN) Elenco dei libri del Fondo del Dott. F. Ferroni ARMADIO 1 1. Grande Dizionario Enciclopedico dell’UTET, anno 1970 - vol. 1; 2. Grande Dizionario Enciclopedico dell’UTET, anno 1970 - vol. 2; 3. Grande Dizionario Enciclopedico dell’UTET, anno 1970 - vol. 3; 4. Grande Dizionario Enciclopedico dell’UTET, anno 1970 - vol. 4; 5. Grande Dizionario Enciclopedico dell’UTET, anno 1970 - vol. 5; 6. Grande Dizionario Enciclopedico dell’UTET, anno 1970 - vol. 6; 7. Grande Dizionario Enciclopedico dell’UTET, anno 1970 - vol. 7; 8. Grande Dizionario Enciclopedico dell’UTET, anno 1970 - vol. 8; 9. Grande Dizionario Enciclopedico dell’UTET, anno 1970 - vol. 9; 10.Grande Dizionario Enciclopedico dell’UTET, anno 1970 - vol.10; 11.Grande Dizionario Enciclopedico dell’UTET, anno 1970 - vol.11; 12.Grande Dizionario Enciclopedico dell’UTET, anno 1970 - vol.12; 13.Grande Dizionario Enciclopedico dell’UTET, anno 1970 - vol.13; 14.Grande Dizionario Enciclopedico dell’UTET, anno 1970 - vol.14; 15.Grande Dizionario Enciclopedico dell’UTET, anno 1970 - vol.15; 16.Grande Dizionario Enciclopedico dell’UTET, anno 1970 - vol.16; 17.Grande Dizionario Enciclopedico dell’UTET, anno 1970 - vol. 17; 18.Grande Dizionario Enciclopedico dell’UTET, anno 1970 - vol. 18; 19.Grande Dizionario Enciclopedico dell’UTET, anno 1970 - vol. 19; 20.Grande Dizionario Enciclopedico dell’ Utet, anno 1970 - vol. 20; 21.Grande Dizionario Enciclopedico dell’Utet , anno 1970 - Vol. 21; 22.Grande Dizionario Enciclopedico dell’Utet, anno 1970 - Vol. 22; 23.Storia e vita degli animali, il popolamento della terra, parte prima, 1973 Milano P.