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Les Epistres D'ovide – Drei Heroides-Übersetzungen Im Kontext

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Les Epistres D'ovide – Drei Heroides-Übersetzungen Im Kontext DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit „Les epistres d’Ovide – Drei Heroides-Übersetzungen im Kontext der Übersetzungsgeschichte in Frankreich“ Verfasserin Kristina Dangl Angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag. phil.) Wien, 2009 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 190 347 338 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Unterrichtsfach Französisch Betreuer: Ao. Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Alfred Noe Mein Dank gilt…. Meiner Familie (meinen Eltern, Großeltern und Schwestern), die mir während meines Studiums zur Seite gestanden sind, insbesondere meinen Eltern, die mir mein Studium erst ermöglicht haben. Allen, die mich während meines Studiums begleitet und - auf unterschiedlichste Art und Weise - unterstützt haben. Ao. Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Alfred Noe für die hervorragende Betreuung dieser Arbeit. - 2 - INHALTSVERZEICHNIS VORWORT ………………………………………………………………………………...……6 1. OVID UND DIE HEROIDES ……………………………………………………………..…...8 1.1. Ovids Leben und Werk………………………………………………….…………8 1.1.1. Biographie………………………………………………………………..…….8 1.1.2. Überblick über Ovids Werke…………………………………………………10 1.1.2.1. Amores ……………………………………………………………………10 1.1.2.2. Medea …………………………………………………………………….11 1.1.2.3. Ars Amatoria ……………………………………………………………...11 1.1.2.4. Remedia amoris …………………………………………………………..12 1.1.2.5. De medicamine faciei / Medicamina faciei femineae …………………….12 1.1.2.6. Metamorphosen …………………………………………………………..12 1.1.2.7. Fasti ………………………………………………………………………13 1.1.2.8. Tristia ……………………………………………………………………..13 1.1.2.9. Epistulae ex Ponto ………………………………………………………..14 1.1.2.10. Kleinere Gedichte aus dem Exil ………………………………………14 1.1.3. Nachleben Ovids………………………………………………………….......14 1.2. Die Heroides ……………………………………………………………………...16 1.2.1. Inhalt………………………………………………………………………….16 1.2.2. Datierung, Echtheit, Überlieferung und Titel………………………………...22 1.3. Überblick über Editionen, Übersetzungen und Imitation der Heroides in Frankreich vom Ende des Mittelalters bis zum 17. Jahrhundert………………………………..23 1.3.1. Heroides -Editionen…………………………………………………………...23 1.3.2. Heroides -Übersetzungen……………………………………………………..24 1.3.3. Heroides -Imitationen…………………………………………………………26 2. THEORETISCHER HINTERGRUND : DIE ÜBERSETZUNG IN FRANKREICH IN MITTELALTER , 16. UND 17. JAHRHUNDERT …………………………………………...29 2.1. Die Übersetzung im Mittelalter………………………………………………...30 2.1.1. Das Aufkommen der französischen Sprache und erste Übersetzungen aus dem Lateinischen ins Französische……………………………….30 2.1.2. Erster Aufschwung der Übersetzung………………………………….31 2.1.3. Stil der Übersetzungen des Mittelalters………………………………32 2.1.4. Die Schule der Rhétoriqueurs ………………………………………...33 2.2. Die Übersetzung im 16. Jahrhundert…………………………………………...34 2.2.1. Entwicklung der Übersetzungen……………………………………..34 2.2.2. Wichtige Übersetzer und übersetzungstheoretische Werke…………..35 2.2.2.1.Clément Marot………………………………………………...35 2.2.2.2.Étienne Dolet, La manière de bien traduire d’une langue en aultre (1540) ………………………………………………….36 2.2.2.3.Joachim Du Bellay, La Deffence et illustration de la langue françoyse (1549)………………………………………………38 2.2.2.4.Jacques Amyot………………………………………………...43 2.3. Die Übersetzung im 17. Jahrhundert…………………………………………...46 2.3.1. Die belles infidèles ……………………………………………………46 2.3.1.1.Der Begriff „belles infidèles“ ………………………………...46 2.3.1.2.Entwicklung und Theorie der belles infidèles ………………...47 2.3.2. Wichtige Übersetzer und übersetzungstheoretische Werke…………..49 - 3 - 2.3.2.1.François Malherbe und das Ende der Übersetzungskrise……..49 2.3.2.2.Die nouvelle vague der Übersetzer und Godeaus Discours sur les œuvres de M. Malherbe (1630)……………………………51 2.3.2.3.Gegenströmung zu den belles infidèles : Claude Gaspar Bachet de Méziriac und sein Discours de la traduction (1635)………53 2.3.2.4.Nicolas Perrot d’Ablancourt…………………………………..55 2.3.2.5.Die Übersetzer von Port-Royal……………………………….58 2.3.2.6.Gaspard de Tende und seine Règles de la traduction (1660)…60 3. PRÄSENTATION DER DREI ÜBERSETZUNGEN : AUTOREN , ENTSTEHUNGSZEIT , GLOBALANALYSE ………………………………………………………………………62 3.1. Octovien de Saint-Gelais, Les XXI epistres dovide …………………………….62 3.1.1. Autor: Octovien de Saint-Gelais (1468?-1502)………………………62 3.1.1.1.Biographie…………………………………………………….62 3.1.1.2.Werke…………………………………………………………63 3.1.2. Entstehungszeit und Editionen………………………………………..64 3.1.3. Globalanalyse…………………………………………………………65 3.1.3.1.Ausgabe und Titel……………………………………………..65 3.1.3.2.Äußere Kennzeichen………………………………………….65 3.1.3.3.Aufbau………………………………………………………...67 3.1.3.4.Metrik…………………………………………………………68 3.1.3.5.Orthographie und Schriftbild………………………………….68 3.1.3.6.Lateinischer Text/Anmerkungen neben dem Text……………69 3.1.3.7.Anzahl und Reihenfolge der Heroides -Briefe………………...69 3.1.3.8.Namen der Personen………………………………………..…69 3.1.3.9.Widmung, Vorwort und Ähnliches…………………………...70 3.1.3.10. Zusätzliche Texte……………………………………...71 3.2. Charles Fontaine, Les epistres d’Ovide ………………………………………...71 3.2.1. Autor: Charles Fontaine (1514-nach 1564) …………………………..71 3.2.1.1.Biographie…………………………………………………….71 3.2.1.2.Werke…………………………………………………………71 3.2.2. Entstehungszeit und Editionen………………………………………..72 3.2.3. Globalanalyse…………………………………………………………73 3.2.3.1.Ausgabe und Titel……………………………………………..73 3.2.3.2.Äußere Kennzeichen………………………………………….74 3.2.3.3.Aufbau………………………………………………………...74 3.2.3.4.Metrik…………………………………………………………75 3.2.3.5.Orthographie und Schriftbild………………………………….76 3.2.3.6.Lateinischer Text/ Anmerkungen neben dem Text…………...76 3.2.3.7.Anzahl der Heroides -Briefe…………………………………..76 3.2.3.8.Namen der Personen…………………………………………..76 3.2.3.9.Widmung, Vorwort und Ähnliches…………………………...77 3.2.3.10. Zusätzliche Texte……………………………………...79 3.3. Jean Barrin, Les épistres et toutes les élégies amoureuses d’Ovide ……………80 3.3.1. Autor: Jean Barrin (1640-1718) ……………………………………...80 3.3.1.1.Biographie…………………………………………………….80 3.3.1.2.Werke…………………………………………………………80 3.3.2. Entstehungszeit und Editionen………………………………………..81 3.3.3. Globalanalyse…………………………………………………………81 3.3.3.1.Ausgabe und Titel……………………………………………..81 3.3.3.2.Äußere Kennzeichen………………………………………….82 - 4 - 3.3.3.3.Aufbau………………………………………………………...82 3.3.3.4.Metrik…………………………………………………………83 3.3.3.5.Orthographie und Schriftbild……………………………….…83 3.3.3.6.Lateinischer Text / Anmerkungen neben dem Text…………..83 3.3.3.7.Anzahl und Reihenfolge der Heroides -Briefe………………...83 3.3.3.8.Namen der Personen…………………………………………..83 3.3.3.9.Widmung, Vorwort und Ähnliches…………………………...84 3.3.3.10. Zusätzliche Texte……………………………………...85 4. DETAILANALYSE : DER DIDO -BRIEF (HEROIDES VII ) IN DEN DREI ÜBERSETZUNGEN ..86 4.1. Quantitative Analyse: Versanzahl und Einteilung……………………………...86 4.2. Exemplarische Analyse einzelner Passagen……………………………………88 4.2.1. Liebe Didos zu Aeneas und Wunsch der Gegenliebe (Passage 5)……88 4.2.2. Aeneas’ und Didos gemeinsame Geschichte (Passage 12)…………...92 4.2.3. Mögliche Schwangerschaft Didos (Passage 17)……………………...98 4.2.4. Letzter Wille: Wunsch des Epitaphs (Passage 23)…………………..101 5. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN DER ANALYSE ………………………………………………104 5.1. Dependenz der drei Übersetzungen…………………………………………...104 5.2. Übersetzungsstile……………………………………………………………...105 5.2.1. Octovien de Saint-Gelais…………………………………………….105 5.2.2. Charles Fontaine……………………………………………………..108 5.2.3. Jean Barrin…………………………………………………………..110 5.2.4. Vergleich der Übersetzungsstile……………………………………..113 5.3. Die Übersetzungen im Kontext ihrer Zeit: Repräsentieren sie die für ihre Entstehungszeit typische Übersetzungsweise? ……………………………….115 5.3.1. Octovien de Saint-Gelais, Les XXI epistres dovide (1500) als Übersetzung des Übergangs vom Mittelalter zum 16. Jahrhundert…115 5.3.2. Charles Fontaine, Les epistres d’Ovide (1552) als Übersetzung der Renaissance………………………………………………………….116 5.3.3. Jean Barrin, Les épistres et toutes les élégies amoureuses d’Ovide (1676) als Übersetzung des 17. Jahrhunderts………………………..117 RÉSUMÉ ……………………………………………………………………………………..119 BIBLIOGRAPHIE ……………………………………………………………………………..130 ANHANG ……………………………………………………………………………..............136 I. Titelblätter der drei Übersetzungen……………………………………………..136 II. Transkription und Einteilung des gesamten Dido-Briefes ( Heroides VII) in den drei Übersetzungen……………………………………………………………...139 ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………………………..152 LEBENSLAUF ………………………………………………………………………………...153 - 5 - VORWORT Die folgende Arbeit befasst sich mit drei französischen Übersetzungen von Ovids Heroides : Es sind dies Les XXI epistres dovide (1500) von Octovien de Saint-Gelais, Les epistres d’Ovide (1552) von Charles Fontaine und Les épistres et toutes les élégies amoureuses d’Ovide (1676) von Jean Barrin. Kriterien für die Wahl der genannten Übersetzungen waren einerseits die Verfügbarkeit in der digitalen Bibliothek der Bibliothèque nationale de France (http://gallica.bnf.fr/ ), andererseits die Entstehungszeit: Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, drei Übersetzungen aus unterschiedlichen Epochen, in denen verschiedene Übersetzungsströmungen herrschten, zu analysieren und zu vergleichen. Die älteste Übersetzung, jene des Octovien de Saint-Gelais, wurde in der Wende vom 15. zum 16. Jahrhundert verfasst, die zweite, Fontaines Übersetzung, entstand in der Renaissance, und Barrins Übersetzung stammt aus dem 17. Jahrhundert. Vor der Behandlung der Übersetzungen muss man selbstverständlich auch das Original vorstellen: Somit ist das erste Kapitel eine Einführung zu Ovid und den Heroides . Der erste Teil wird die Biographie Ovids behandeln, einen Überblick über seine Werke geben und sich kurz mit seinem Nachleben beschäftigen. Im zweiten Teil wird genauer auf die Heroides eingegangen werden: Sowohl der Inhalt als auch philologische Fragen
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