Cybernetic Diagrams: Design Strategies for an Open Game Pedro L.A.Veloso
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Generative Models, Structural Similarity, and Mental Representation
The Mind as a Predictive Modelling Engine: Generative Models, Structural Similarity, and Mental Representation Daniel George Williams Trinity Hall College University of Cambridge This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2018 The Mind as a Predictive Modelling Engine: Generative Models, Structural Similarity, and Mental Representation Daniel Williams Abstract I outline and defend a theory of mental representation based on three ideas that I extract from the work of the mid-twentieth century philosopher, psychologist, and cybernetician Kenneth Craik: first, an account of mental representation in terms of idealised models that capitalize on structural similarity to their targets; second, an appreciation of prediction as the core function of such models; and third, a regulatory understanding of brain function. I clarify and elaborate on each of these ideas, relate them to contemporary advances in neuroscience and machine learning, and favourably contrast a predictive model-based theory of mental representation with other prominent accounts of the nature, importance, and functions of mental representations in cognitive science and philosophy. For Marcella Montagnese Preface Declaration This dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It is not substantially the same as any that I have submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for a degree or diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. I further state that no substantial part of my dissertation has already been submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for any such degree, diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. -
A Conceptual Framework for Investigating Organizational Control and Resistance in Crowd-Based Platforms
Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences | 2017 A Conceptual Framework for Investigating Organizational Control and Resistance in Crowd-Based Platforms David A. Askay California Polytechnic State University [email protected] Abstract Crowd-based platforms coordinate action through This paper presents a research agenda for crowd decomposing tasks and encouraging individuals to behavior research by drawing from the participate by providing intrinsic (e.g., fun, organizational control literature. It addresses the enjoyment) and/or extrinsic (e.g., status, money, need for research into the organizational and social social interaction, etc.) motivators [3]. Three recent structures that guide user behavior and contributions Information Systems (IS) reviews of crowdsourcing in crowd-based platforms. Crowd behavior is research [6, 4, 7] emphasize the importance of situated within a conceptual framework of designing effective incentive systems. However, organizational control. This framework helps research on motivation is somewhat disparate, with scholars more fully articulate the full range of various categorizations and often inconsistent control mechanisms operating in crowd-based findings as to which incentives are the most effective platforms, contextualizes these mechanisms into the [4]. Moreover, this approach can be limited by its context of crowd-based platforms, challenges existing often deterministic and rational assumptions of user rational assumptions about incentive systems, and behavior and motivation, which overlooks normative clarifies theoretical constructs of organizational and social aspects of human behavior [8]. To more control to foster stronger integration between fully understand the dynamics of crowd behavior and information systems research and organizational and governance of crowd-based projects, IS researchers management science. -
The Artist's Emergent Journey the Metaphysics of Henri Bergson, and Also Those by Eric Voegelin Against Gnosticism2
Vol 1 No 2 (Autumn 2020) Online: jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/nexj Visit our WebBlog: newexplorations.net The Artist’s Emergent Journey Clinton Ignatov—The McLuhan Institute—[email protected] To examine computers as a medium in the style of Marshall McLuhan, we must understand the origins of his own perceptions on the nature of media and his deep-seated religious impetus for their development. First we will uncover McLuhan’s reasoning in his description of the artist and the occult origins of his categories of hot and cool media. This will prepare us to recognize these categories when they are reformulated by cyberneticist Norbert Wiener and ethnographer Sherry Turkle. Then, as we consider the roles “black boxes” play in contemporary art and theory, many ways of bringing McLuhan’s insights on space perception and the role of the artist up to date for the work of defining and explaining cyberspace will be demonstrated. Through this work the paradoxical morality of McLuhan’s decision to not make moral value judgments will have been made clear. Introduction In order to bring Marshall McLuhan into the 21st century it is insufficient to retrieve his public persona. This particular character, performed in the ‘60s and ‘70s on the global theater’s world stage, was tailored to the audiences of its time. For our purposes today, we’ve no option but an audacious attempt to retrieve, as best we can, the whole man. To these ends, while examining the media of our time, we will strive to delicately reconstruct the human-scale McLuhan from what has been left in both his public and private written corpus. -
The Holy Spirit and the Physical Uníverse: the Impact of Scjentific Paradigm Shifts on Contemporary Pneumatology
Theological Studies 70 (2009) . THE HOLY SPIRIT AND THE PHYSICAL UNÍVERSE: THE IMPACT OF SCJENTIFIC PARADIGM SHIFTS ON CONTEMPORARY PNEUMATOLOGY WOLFGANG VONDEY A methodological shift occurred in the sciences in the 20th century that has irreversible repercussions for a contemporary theology of the Holy Spirit. Newton and Einstein followed fundamentally different trajectories that provide radically dissimilar frame- works for the pneumatological endeavor. Pneumatology after Einstein is located in a different cosmological framework constituted by the notions of order, rationality, relationality, symmetry, and movement. These notions provide the immediate challenges to a contemporary understanding of the Spirit in the physical universe. HPHE PARADIGM SHIFT IN SCIENCE from Ptolemaic to Copernican cosmo- Â logy is clearly reflected in post-Enlightenment theology. The wide- ranging implications of placing the sun instead of the earth at the center of the universe marked the beginnings of both the scientific and religious revolutions of the 16th century. A century later, Isaac Newton provided for the first time a comprehensive system of physical causality that heralded space and time as the absolute constituents of experiential reality from the perspective of both natural philosophy and theology.^ Despite the echoes WOLFGANG VONDEY received his Ph.D. in systematic theology and ethics at Marquette University and is currently associate professor of systematic theology in the School of Divinity, Regent University, Virginia. A prolific writer on Pneu- matology, ecclesiology, and the dialogue of science and theology, he has most recently published: People of Bread: Rediscovering Ecclesiology (2008); "Pentecos- tal Perspectives on The Nature and Mission of the Church" in "The Nature and Mission of the Church": Ecclesial Reality and Ecumenical Horizons for the Twenty- First Century, ed. -
Downloaded” to a Computer Than to Answer Questions About Emotions, Which Will Organize Their World
Between an Animal and a Machine MODERNITY IN QUESTION STUDIES IN PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY OF IDEAS Edited by Małgorzata Kowalska VOLUME 10 Paweł Majewski Between an Animal and a Machine Stanisław Lem’s Technological Utopia Translation from Polish by Olga Kaczmarek Bibliographic Information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. The Publication is founded by Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland as a part of the National Programme for the Development of the Humanities. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Ministry cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. ISSN 2193-3421 E-ISBN 978-3-653-06830-6 (E-PDF) E-ISBN 978-3-631-71024-1 (EPUB) E-ISBN 978-3-631-71025-8 (MOBI) DOI 10.3726/978-3-653-06830-6 Open Access: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 unported license. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ © Paweł Majewski, 2018 . Peter Lang – Berlin · Bern · Bruxelles · New York · Oxford · Warszawa · Wien This publication has been peer reviewed. www.peterlang.com Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................ 9 Lemology Pure and Applied ............................................................................. 9 Part One Dialogues – Cybernetics as an Anthropology ........................................ -
The Relative Use of Formal and Informal Information in The
THE RELATIVE USE OF FORMAL AND INFORMAL INFORMATION IN THE EVALUATION OF INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCE by GENE H. JOHNSON, B.B.A., M.S. in Acct. A DISSERTATION IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December, 1986 • //^,;¥ (c) 1986 Gene H. Johnson ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Funding for this research project was provided by the National Association of Accountants, and was especially beneficial in that it allowed the author to complete the project in a timely manner. Subjects for the project were provided by the research entity which must, for the sake of anonymity, remain unnamed. Nonetheless, their partici pation is greatly appreciated. Early conceptual development of the project was facilitated by a number of individuals, including the doctoral students and Professors Don Clancy and Frank Collins of Texas Tech University. Also helpful were the experiences of Louis Johnson, John Johnson, Sam Nichols, Darrell Adams, and Del Shumate. The members of the committee provided valuable guidance and support throughout the project; and although not a member of the committee. Professor Roy Howell provided valuable assistance with data analysis. Finally, Professor Donald K. Clancy served not only as committee chairman but also as a role model/mentor for the author. His participation made the project interesting, educational, and enjoyable. 11 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ii ABSTRACT vi LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES ix I. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1 Formal and Informal Information 2 Performance Evaluation 4 Purpose, Objectives, and Significance . 6 Organization 7 II. PREVIOUS STUDIES OF INFORMATION FOR PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 8 Goals and Goal-Directed Behavior 9 Early Studies on Performance Measures . -
E.W. Dijkstra Archive: on the Cruelty of Really Teaching Computing Science
On the cruelty of really teaching computing science Edsger W. Dijkstra. (EWD1036) http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/EWD/ewd10xx/EWD1036.PDF The second part of this talk pursues some of the scientific and educational consequences of the assumption that computers represent a radical novelty. In order to give this assumption clear contents, we have to be much more precise as to what we mean in this context by the adjective "radical". We shall do so in the first part of this talk, in which we shall furthermore supply evidence in support of our assumption. The usual way in which we plan today for tomorrow is in yesterday’s vocabulary. We do so, because we try to get away with the concepts we are familiar with and that have acquired their meanings in our past experience. Of course, the words and the concepts don’t quite fit because our future differs from our past, but then we stretch them a little bit. Linguists are quite familiar with the phenomenon that the meanings of words evolve over time, but also know that this is a slow and gradual process. It is the most common way of trying to cope with novelty: by means of metaphors and analogies we try to link the new to the old, the novel to the familiar. Under sufficiently slow and gradual change, it works reasonably well; in the case of a sharp discontinuity, however, the method breaks down: though we may glorify it with the name "common sense", our past experience is no longer relevant, the analogies become too shallow, and the metaphors become more misleading than illuminating. -
Cg 2014 Alexander D. Morgan ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
c 2014 Alexander D. Morgan ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ON THE MATTER OF MEMORY: NEURAL COMPUTATION AND THE MECHANISMS OF INTENTIONAL AGENCY by ALEXANDER D. MORGAN A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Philosophy written under the direction of Frances Egan and Robert Matthews and approved by New Brunswick, New Jersey May 2014 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION On the Matter of Memory: Neural Computation and the Mechanisms of Intentional Agency by ALEXANDER D. MORGAN Dissertation Directors: Frances Egan & Robert Matthews Humans and other animals are intentional agents; they are capable of acting in ways that are caused and explained by their reasons. Reasons are widely held to be medi- ated by mental representations, but it is notoriously difficult to understand how the intentional content of mental representations could causally explain action. Thus there is a puzzle about how to `naturalize' intentional agency. The present work is motivated by the conviction that this puzzle will be solved by elucidating the neural mechanisms that mediate the cognitive capacities that are distinctive of intentional agency. Two main obstacles stand in the way of developing such a project, which are both manifestations of a widespread sentiment that, as Jerry Fodor once put it, \notions like computational state and representation aren't accessible in the language of neu- roscience". First, C. Randy Gallistel has argued extensively that the mechanisms posited by neuroscientists cannot function as representations in an engineering sense, since they allegedly cannot be manipulated by the computational operations required to generate structurally complex representations. -
Interview: Watching the Spiderweb
Watching the spiderweb: Enrique Rivera. V!RUS HOW TO QUOTE THIS DOCUMENT: V!RUS Watching the spiderweb: Enrique Rivera. Interview. In V!RUS. N. 3. Sao Carlos: Nomads.usp, 2010. Available at: http://www.nomads.usp.br/virus/virus03/interview/layout.php?item=1&lang=en. The Chilean Enrique Rivera (Santiago, 1977) works on the convergence between art and digital media, from a social and political perspective since the beginning of his career. Researcher in art and cultural manager, Rivera refers the conception of his work on principles of second-order cybernetics, which includes the observer in the observed system and accepts that, from external stimuli to the system, new, non- planned interactions work to expand and enable it to overcome the limits of art. His work Cybersyn, 2006, was exhibited at the ZKM Center for Art and Media, Germany, at the Cultural Center of La Moneda Palace, Chile, and at the SantralIstanbul, Turkey. It retrieves the Cybersyn Project, 1971, commissioned by the government of Salvador Allende to interconnect Chilean public industries by a telex network controlled by a central computer so as to expedite the resolution of common problems. Cybersyn or Synco was a foreshadowing of what would be the Internet two decades later, created with the English cyberneticist Stafford Beer, who was invited by Allende to design and implement the network in the country. The high degree of the project's involvement with public interests and its democratic character of establishing direct links between the various nodes of the network - from bottom to top - explain Rivera's interest in looking for reconstruct its records and submit it to the world as a locus where the being and the becoming collide and recombine, to be continually revisited. -
Biodiversity Glossary
BIODIVERSITY GLOSSARY Biodiversity Glossary1 Access and benefit-sharing One of the three objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity, as set out in its Article 1, is the “fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources, including by appro- priate access to genetic resources and by appropriate transfer of relevant technologies, taking into account all rights over those resources and to technologies, and by appropriate funding”. The CBD also has several articles (especially Article 15) regarding international aspects of access to genetic resources. Alien species A species occurring in an area outside of its historically known natural range as a result of intentional or accidental dispersal by human activities (also known as an exotic or introduced species). Biodiversity Biodiversity—short for biological diversity—means the diversity of life in all its forms—the diversity of species, of genetic variations within one species, and of ecosystems. The importance of biological diversity to human society is hard to overstate. An estimated 40 per cent of the global economy is based on biologi- cal products and processes. Poor people, especially those living in areas of low agricultural productivity, depend especially heavily on the genetic diversity of the environment. Biodiversity loss From the time when humans first occupied Earth and began to hunt animals, gather food and chop wood, they have had an impact on biodiversity. Over the last two centuries, human population growth, overex- ploitation of natural resources and environmental degradation have resulted in an ever accelerating decline in global biodiversity. Species are diminishing in numbers and becoming extinct, and ecosystems are suf- fering damage and disappearing. -
COUPLING COMPLEXITY Ecological Cybernetics As a Resource for Auq33 Nonrepresentational Moves to Action
14 COUPLING COMPLEXITY Ecological Cybernetics as a Resource for AuQ33 Nonrepresentational Moves to Action Erica Robles-Anderson and Max Liboiron We live in an era of ecological crisis. Climate change, plastic pollution, radiation drift—our most pressing environmental concerns are on a planetary scale. They are experienced everywhere and yet they are difficult, if not impossible, to see. An extraordinary amount of resources devoted to addressing ecological crises are spent simply trying to depict these crises and trying to teach people how to properly interpret the representations. The hope is that if only the general public and policy makers could see what is happening, they would better understand, and this understanding would lead to action. Scientists, activists, and policy mak- ers advocate for higher resolution climate models and more complete descriptions of the locations and effects of ocean plastics, or radiation drift from Fukushima, or extreme weather. Bigger, better, clearer pictures are the key to informed action. They account for more variables, simulate more mechanisms, and inform the construction of better models that reflect our total understanding. This pursuit of representational fidelity aligns with the long-standing technoc- ractic legacy of what historian Paul Edwards calls “the closed world,” or “global surveillance and control through high-technology military power.”1 With the detonation of atomic bombs at the end of World War II and subsequent threats of planetary nuclear annihilation during the Cold War, it became increasingly pos- sible to imagine that humans could act at planetary scale. Such action required global infrastructures like computing networks for gathering information about everywhere. -
METALOGIC METALOGIC an Introduction to the Metatheory of Standard First Order Logic
METALOGIC METALOGIC An Introduction to the Metatheory of Standard First Order Logic Geoffrey Hunter Senior Lecturer in the Department of Logic and Metaphysics University of St Andrews PALGRA VE MACMILLAN © Geoffrey Hunter 1971 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1971 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission. First published 1971 by MACMILLAN AND CO LTD London and Basingstoke Associated companies in New York Toronto Dublin Melbourne Johannesburg and Madras SBN 333 11589 9 (hard cover) 333 11590 2 (paper cover) ISBN 978-0-333-11590-9 ISBN 978-1-349-15428-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-15428-9 The Papermac edition of this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent, in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. To my mother and to the memory of my father, Joseph Walter Hunter Contents Preface xi Part One: Introduction: General Notions 1 Formal languages 4 2 Interpretations of formal languages. Model theory 6 3 Deductive apparatuses. Formal systems. Proof theory 7 4 'Syntactic', 'Semantic' 9 5 Metatheory. The metatheory of logic 10 6 Using and mentioning. Object language and metalang- uage. Proofs in a formal system and proofs about a formal system. Theorem and metatheorem 10 7 The notion of effective method in logic and mathematics 13 8 Decidable sets 16 9 1-1 correspondence.