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The American Navies and the Winning of Independence
The American Navies and the Winning of Independence During the American War of Independence the navies of France and Spain challenged Great Britain on the world’s oceans. Combined, the men-o-war of the allied Bourbon monarchies outnumbered those of the British, and the allied fleets were strong enough to battle Royal Navy fleets in direct engagements, even to attempt invasions of the British isles. In contrast, the naval forces of the United States were too few, weak, and scattered to confront the Royal Navy head on. The few encounters between American and British naval forces of any scale ended in disaster for the Revolutionary cause. The Patriot attempt to hold the Delaware River after the British capture of Philadelphia in 1777, however gallant, resulted in the annihilation of the Pennsylvania Navy and the capture or burning of three Continental Navy frigates. The expedition to recapture Castine, Maine, from the British in 1779 led to the destruction of all the Continental and Massachusetts Navy ships, American privateers, and American transports involved, more than thirty vessels. And the fall of Charleston, South Carolina, to the British in 1780 brought with it the destruction or capture of four Continental Navy warships and several ships of the South Carolina Navy. Despite their comparative weakness, American naval forces made significant contributions to the overall war effort. Continental Navy vessels transported diplomats and money safely between Europe and America, convoyed shipments of munitions, engaged the Royal Navy in single ship actions, launched raids against British settlements in the Bahamas, aggravated diplomatic tensions between Great Britain and European powers, and carried the war into British home waters and even onto the shores of England and Scotland. -
Appendix A: Review of Existing Pedestrian and Bicycle Planning Studies
APPENDIX A: REVIEW OF EXISTING PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE PLANNING STUDIES This appendix provides an overview of previous planning efforts undertaken in and around Philadelphia that are relevant to the Plan. These include city initiatives, plans, studies, internal memos, and other relevant documents. This appendix briefly summarizes each previous plan or study, discusses its relevance to pedestrian and bicycle planning in Philadelphia, and lists specific recommendations when applicable. CITY OF PHILADELPHIA PEDESTRIAN & BICYCLE PLAN APRIL 2012 CONTENTS WALKING REPORTS AND STUDIES .......................................................................................................................... 1 Walking in Philadelphia ............................................................................................................................................ 1 South of South Walkabilty Plan................................................................................................................................. 1 North Broad Street Pedestrian Crash Study .............................................................................................................. 2 North Broad Street Pedestrian Safety Audit ............................................................................................................. 3 Pedestrian Safety and Mobility: Status and Initiatives ............................................................................................ 3 Neighborhood/Area Plans and Studies ................................................................................................................. -
Mosquito Continental Navy Schooner
Mosquito Lieutenant Thomas Albertson Schooner []September 1776-7 July 1777 Continental Navy Schooner Commissioned/First Date: []September 1776 Out of Service/Cause: 7 July 1777/captured, burned by boats from HM Frigates Pearl and Camilla Owners: Tonnage: Battery: Date Reported: 7 July 1777 Number/Caliber Weight Broadside 6/3-pounder 18 pounds 9 pounds Total: 6 cannon/18 pounds Broadside: 3 cannon/9 pounds Swivels: four Crew: Description: Officers: (1) Master James Horton, -7 July 1777 Cruises: Prizes: Actions: Comments: The Continental Navy Schooner Mosquito was probably in service by September 1776, although the vessel’s origins are unclear. She was evidently fitted out at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and armed with four cannon. Her command was given to Continental Navy Lieutenant Thomas ©awiatsea.com-posted August 2019 --1-- A William Nolen Van Powell painting of the Fly and the Mosquito . These rwo vessels were together in the Delaware River on 31 December 1776. The sloop Fly is correctly shown with black tarred sides and mounting four guns. Mosquito is shown as a normal small schooner. Her flag is correct for the time. --2-- Albertson, as a Lieutenant, Commanding. 1 Other sources indicate she was armed with four 9- pounder cannons, 2 but this certainly wrong as to the weight of metal. Silverstone, neeser ] On 11 July 1776, a man by the name of Isaac Atwood was interrogated by the Committee of Safety. In the process Atwood claimed that many persons, whom he mentioned by name, had Loyalist sumpathies. Among them was a Thomas Albertson, who was a merchant captain. Atwood stated that “Capt. -
Colonial Flags 1775-1781
THE AMERICAN FLAG IS BORN American Heritage Information Library and Museum about A Revolutionary Experience GRAND UNION BETSY ROSS The first flag of the colonists to have any During the Revolutionary War, several patriots made resemblance to the present Stars and Stripes. It was flags for our new Nation. Among them were Cornelia first flown by ships of the Colonial Fleet on the Bridges, Elizabeth (Betsy) Ross, and Rebecca Young, all Delaware River. On December 3, 1775 it was raised of Pennsylvania, and John Shaw of Annapolis, Maryland. aboard Capt. Esek Hopkin's flagship Alfred by John Although Betsy Ross, the best known of these persons, Paul Jones, then a navy lieutenant. Later the flag was made flags for 50 years, there is no proof that she raised on the liberty pole at Prospect Hill, which was made the first Stars and Stripes. It is known she made near George Washington's headquarters in flags for the Pennsylvania Navy in 1777. The flag Cambridge, MA. It was the unofficial national flag on popularly known as the "Betsy Ross Flag", which July 4, 1776, Independence Day; and it remained the arranged the stars in a circle, did not appear until the unofficial national flag and ensign of the Navy until early 1790's. June 14, 1777 when the Continental Congress Provided as a Public Service authorized the Stars and Stripes. for over 115 Years COLONIAL THIRD MOUNTAIN REGIMENT The necessity of a common national flag had not been thought of until the appointment of a committee composed of Benjamin Franklin, Messrs. -
ID Key Words Folder Name Cabinet 21 American Revolution, Historic
ID key words folder name cabinet 21 american revolution, historic gleanings, jacob reed, virginia dare, papers by Minnie Stewart Just 1 fredriksburg, epaulettes francis hopkins, burnes rose, buchannan, keasbey and mattison, boro council, tennis club, athletic club 22 clifton house, acession notes, ambler gazette, firefighting, east-end papers by Minnie Stewart Just 1 republcan, mary hough, history 23 faust tannery, historical society of montgomery county, Yerkes, Hovenden, ambler borough 1 clockmakers, conrad, ambler family, houpt, first presbyterian church, robbery, ordinance, McNulty, Mauchly, watershed 24 mattison, atkinson, directory, deeds 602 bethlehem pike, fire company, ambler borough 1 butler ave, downs-amey, william harmer will, mount pleasant baptist, St. Anthony fire, newt howard, ambler borough charter 25 colonial estates, hart tract, fchoolorest ave, talese, sheeleigh, opera house, ambler borough 1 golden jubilee, high s 26 mattison, asbestos, Newton Howard, Lindenwold, theatre, ambler theater, ambler/ambler borough 1 Dr. Reed, Mrs. Arthur Iliff, flute and drum, Duryea, St. Marys, conestoga, 1913 map, post office mural, public school, parade 27 street plan, mellon, Ditter, letter carriers, chamber of commerce, ambler ambler/ambler borough 1 directory 1928, Wiliam Urban, fife and drum, Wissahickon Fire Company, taprooms, prohibition, shoemaker, Jago, colony club, 28 charter, post cards, fire company, bridge, depot, library, methodist, church, ambler binder 1 colony club, fife and drum, bicentennial, biddle map, ambler park -
IV. Fabric Summary 282 Copyrighted Material
Eastern State Penitentiary HSR: IV. Fabric Summary 282 IV. FABRIC SUMMARY: CONSTRUCTION, ALTERATIONS, AND USES OF SPACE (for documentation, see Appendices A and B, by date, and C, by location) Jeffrey A. Cohen § A. Front Building (figs. C3.1 - C3.19) Work began in the 1823 building season, following the commencement of the perimeter walls and preceding that of the cellblocks. In August 1824 all the active stonecutters were employed cutting stones for the front building, though others were idled by a shortage of stone. Twenty-foot walls to the north were added in the 1826 season bounding the warden's yard and the keepers' yard. Construction of the center, the first three wings, the front building and the perimeter walls were largely complete when the building commissioners turned the building over to the Board of Inspectors in July 1829. The half of the building east of the gateway held the residential apartments of the warden. The west side initially had the kitchen, bakery, and other service functions in the basement, apartments for the keepers and a corner meeting room for the inspectors on the main floor, and infirmary rooms on the upper story. The latter were used at first, but in September 1831 the physician criticized their distant location and lack of effective separation, preferring that certain cells in each block be set aside for the sick. By the time Demetz and Blouet visited, about 1836, ill prisoners were separated rather than being placed in a common infirmary, and plans were afoot for a group of cells for the sick, with doors left ajar like others. -
Washington-Rochambeau M N I B H E S a a Revolutionary Route U
N RO O C T H G A Washington-Rochambeau M N I B H E S A A Revolutionary Route U W National Historic Trail NAT AIL IONAL HISTORIC TR November-December 2014 Highlights Memorial for Revolutionary War Soldiers at Fishkill Supply Depot News Along the Trail We wish you and your loved ones a Happy Holiday Season and a great new year! Revolutionary War Cemetery in Fishkill, New York On Veteran’s Day, Nov. 11, 2014 the owner of a 10.4 acres parcel of land in Fishkill, NY held a ceremony that marked a significant step in the effort to preserve what the National Park Service (NPS) recognizes as the Revolutionary War’s single largest cemetery. The land owner placed a permanent stone marker that reads, in part, “Near here lie buried Revolutionary War heroes.” Dr. Robert Selig,a researcher studying the route of march that the Continental Army and its French Allies followed to Yorktown in 1781, identi- fied a French soldier who perished at the Fishkill Supply Depot: Jean Bonnaire, a fusilier of the Saintonge Regiment of Infantry. Per French military records, Bonnaire died in the hospital in “Phisquil” on October www.nps.gov/waro Page 1 31, 1781. This discovery raises the total number of identified soldiers to 86 and serves as a vivid reminder of France’s participation and sacrifice during our War for Independence. In late 2007, an archaeological team rediscovered the cemetery on privately-owned land just south of the Van Wyck Homestead along U.S. Route 9 some 60 miles north of New York City. -
284 Eyewitness Images from the American Revolution
Index Academy of Fine Arts, 242 Barker, John, 61 Betsy, 163 Academy of Philadelphia, 81 Baron de Coehorn, 75 Blackburn, Joseph, 40 Academy of the Arts, 164 Baron von Clausen, 217 Board of Ordnance, 29 Adams, John, 20, 39, 79, 81, 91, 148, 172, Barrett, James, 57, 59 Bogert, Matthew, 131 187, 210, 225-26 Basham, Peter, 5 Bolton, Connecticut, 238 Adams, Samuel, 34, 39, 40, 42, 44, 49, 82 Basking Ridge, New Jersey, 141 Bonetta, 223 Administration of Justice Act, 45 Battle of Bemis Heights, New York, 159, 161, Boston, 31, 33-36, 39-40, 44-49, 51-52, 59, Albany, New York, 90, 91, 157, 159-60, 166, 165, 167, 171 61-62, 65-67, 69, 71-72, 74-75, 77-79, 82- 169, 175 Battle of Brandywine, Pennsylvania, 177, 179, 83, 89-91, 93, 99-100, 169, 172, 197 Allen, Ethan, 89 247 Boston Harbor, 44, 62, 94 Allen, William, 163 Battle of Bunker Hill, Massachusetts, 65, 71, Boston Massacre, 33-34, 39-40, 42, 44 America, 28, 29 74-75, 77-78, 82, 89, 129, 173, 215-16 Boston Neck, 46 American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 69 Battle of Camden, South Carolina, 203 Boston Port Act, 44-45 American Customs Board, 35, 45 Battle of Cowpens, South Carolina, 203, 209 Boston Public Library, 5 American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, 5 Battle of Freeman’s Farm, 171 Boston Tea Party, 34, 44, 49, 66 American Revolution, 20-21, 25-29, 35, 37, Battle of Germantown, Pennsylvania, 181, Boswell, James, 240 39-40, 42, 47, 59, 67, 69, 75, 85-86, 91, 183-84 Brandywine Creek, Pennsylvania, 177 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 114, 121, 127, Battle of Germantown, artwork, 184 Brant, Joseph, -
Philadelphia: Local History Resources SCOPE OR BACKGROUND Library Research Guide
Philadelphia: Local History Resources SCOPE OR BACKGROUND Library Research Guide McShain Library La Salle College High School 8605 Cheltenham Avenue Wyndmoor, PA 19038-7199 215-233-2911 SCOPE OR BACKGROUND Philadelphia is the birthplace of the United States and has a rich and long history. This resource guide includes selected books, databases and websites which focus on the history of Philadelphia, PA. BROWSE FOR BOOKS USING THESE CALL NUMBERS 974.811 R 974.811 La Salle’s McShain Library Catalog on the Internet If you would like to see more of what the “library downstairs” has on your topic, search our catalog on the Internet. http://mlh.hslc.org:2053/search The ACCESS PENNSYLVANIA Database is a web-based union catalog and resource sharing guide to Pennsylvania library collections. Librarians, library patrons, business and home users may search the Database. If you would like to borrow a book or other material through Access Pennsylvania just ask the library staff and we can get it for you. http://205.247.101.11/ REFERENCE ENCYCLOPEDIAS AND HANDBOOKS A Concise Historical Atlas of Pennsylvania. ed. Edward Muller R 912.748 CON (atlas stand) Atlas of Pennsylvania R 912.748 ATL (atlas stand) Pennsylvania Almanac R 974.8 MAR Pennsylvania Atlas & Gazetteer R 912.748 ATL (atlas stand) Pennsylvania Gazetteer R 974.8 PEN 1 HISTORY Philadelphia: A 300-year History. Russell F. Weigley, ed. 974.8 PHI The Philadelphia Inquirer’s Guide to Historic Philadelphia, 2nd ed. Edward Colimore 974.8 COL Philadelphia: Portrait of an American City, 2nd ed. Edwin Wolf 974.811 WOL Philadelphia’s Finest: A History of Education in the Catholic Archdiocese, 1692-1970. -
Naval Documents of the American Revolution, Volume 11, Part 2
Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 Part 2 of 5 United States Government Printing Office Washington, 2005 Electronically published by American Naval Records Society Bolton Landing, New York 2012 AS A WORK OF THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THIS PUBLICATION IS IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN. 1 FEBRUARY 1778 261 Past in the lower House [Hartford]/Feb 1778/ Test: AndwAdams Clerk.- D, Ct, Connecticut Archives, 1st Series, vol. 10, p. 112. February 1 (Sunday) [Boston] 1778 Feb. 1. The Ship1 fell down to Nantasket Road- DLC, Journal of Lieutenant William Jennison, p. 5. 1. Continental Navy frigate Boston, Captain Samuel Tucker, commander CAPTAINANDREW SNAPE HAMOND, R.N., TO VICEADMIRAL VISCOUNT HOWE Roebuck at Philadelphia My Lord, the lSt.February 1'778. The breaking up of the Frost has so much cleared the River of the Ice, that the Liuerpool is enabled to sail for New York for the Generals Dispatches arrived there in the three last Pacquets.-With the Liuerpool goes also a Mail for England in the Despenser Pacquet convoyed by two Armed Vessels.- Since your Lordships departure from hence no material event has happened except the loss of the Transport Brig Symetry one of the Baggage Vessels from New York,' which run a shore near Wilmington, and by the Frost coming on fell into the Enemy's hands before any Assistance could be sent from hence. Out of thirty Vessels that were taking in Forage at Tinnicum Island the 27h, DecemL when the Snow begun, -
Inventory of Resources for the WASHINGTON-ROCHAMBEAU
Inventory of Resources for the WASHINGTON-ROCHAMBEAU REVOLUTIONARY ROUTE IN THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA Using the criteria developed in Point 2.3: Goals of the Project, consultant inspected and inventoried on site all resources listed in this report and identified 85 individual resources on 12 separate routes taken by various components and individuals belonging to the two armies in Pennsylvania. These major routes are as follows: Route 1: The Land Route of Generals George Washington and the comte de Rochambeau to Philadelphia in September 1781 Route 2: The Land Route of Continental Army Troops from Trenton, New Jersey to Claymont, Delaware in September 1781 Route 3: The Water Route of Continental Army Troops from Trenton, New Jersey to Christiana, Delaware in September 1781 Route 4: The Land Route of commissaire de guerre de Granville from Boston to Philadelphia in September 1781 Route 5: The Land Route of the French Army Troops from Trenton, New Jersey to Claymont, Delaware in September 1781 Route 6: The Water Route of comte de Rochambeau from Philadelphia to Chester on 5 September 1781, and the continuation of the route on land with Washington to Wilmington Route 7: The Return Marches of the Continental Army in December 1781 Route 8: The Return March of the French Army in September 1782 Route 9: The Philadelphia Conference and the Celebrations for the Birth of the dauphin, 14 to 24 July 1782 Route 10: The March of the Passengers of the l'Aigle and la Gloire from Dover, Delaware to Yorktown Heights, New York in September 1782 Route 11: The March of Lauzun’s Legion from Yorktown Heights, New York to Winter Quarters in Wilmington, Delaware in December 1782 Route 12: Route of Rochambeau to Baltimore via Newton, Hackettstown, Baptistown and Philadelphia in December 1782 Rather than divide the resources by route, they have been listed whenever possible and feasible (without undue impact on the flow of the historical narrative) in the approximate chronological order in which they were visited. -
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contributors BARRY LEVY teaches history at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. He is the author of Quakers and the American Family : British Settlement in the Delaware Valley (1988) and Town Born: The Political Economy of New England from Its Founding to the Revolution (2009). The present comparative essay summarizes and extends his work on the political economies of the two colonies. TIMOTHY OLEWNICZAK is a graduate student pursuing a New York State Teacher Certification in Social Studies at the State University of New York at Buffalo. He received his M.A. in history in 2008 and B.A. in history and psychology in 2005 from the State University of New York at Buffalo. He currently works as a data manager on several public health research projects for the Survey Research and Data Acquisition Resource (SRDAR) at Roswell Park Cancer Institute in Buffalo, N.Y. 84 This content downloaded from 128.118.152.206 on Wed, 08 Mar 2017 22:01:48 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms PAH78.1_07Contributors.indd 84 12/9/10 4:07:56 AM INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERS OF THE PENNSYLVANIA HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION The Pennsylvania Historical Association wishes to express its gratitude to the hundreds of institutions across the United States and around the world who choose to support the mission of the PHA through institutional membership. international B. F. Jones Memorial Library Bailey Library, Slippery Rock University British Library Baker Berry Library, Dartmouth College Cambridge University Library Barbara Moscato Brown Memorial Library D. B. Weldon Library, University of Western Baron-Forness Library, Edinboro University of Ontario Pennsylvania Göttingen University Library Beaver Campus Library, Penn State University Hokei Library, Gakushuin University Bedford County Historical Society James A.