1926 CONGRESSIONAL R.ECORD-SENATE 3959 By Mr. CBINDBLOM: A bill . (H. R. 9318) authorizing the bill to increase the pensions of veterans of the· Spanish-Ameri President to appoint James B. Dickson a second lieutenant of can War, their widows and orphans; to the Committee on the Air Service in the Regular Army of the United States; to Pensions. the Committee on Military Affairs. 679. Also, resolutions of the Connecticut State Council of By Mr. COYLE: A bill (H. R. 9319) to authorize certain Americanization Workers, favoring a more prompt considera officers of the United States Navy to accept from the Republic tion of naturalization cases; to the Committee on Immigration of Chile the Order of .Merit, first class, and the Order of Merit, and Naturalization. second class ; to the Committee on Naval Affairs. 680. Also, resolutions of the Connecticut State Council of By Mr. FISH: A bill (H. R. 9320) granting an increase of Americanization Workers, favoririg the ·amendment of the pension to Catherine Mann ; to the Committee on Invalid Pen present immigration law; to the Committee on Immigration sions. and Naturalization. · Also, a bill (H. R. 9321) for the relief of William H. Stone; 681. By Mr. GALLIVAN: Petition of Local No. 25, National to the Committee on Military Affairs. Federation of Federal Employees, Boston, Mass., recommending By Mr. GARBER: A bill (H. R. 9322) granting a pension equitable distribution among all employees of the customs serv to Martha M. Starr ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ice of any additional appropriation to the customs service at Also, a bill (H. R. 9323) granting a pension to Mary L. Boston for. the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1926; to the Com Bird ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. mittee on Appropriations. By Mr. HARDY: A bill (H. R. 9324) removing the charge of 682. Also, petition of Bernard J. Rothwell, president Bay desertion from the name of George A. McKenzie, alias William State Milling Co., Boston, Mass., recommending favorable con ·A. Williams; to the Committee on Military Affairs. sideration of Honse bill 4798, providing for a reorganization of By Mr. HAWLEY: A bill (H. R. 9325) for the relief of the Government service; to the Committee <1b Rules. Horace G. Wilson; to the Committee on Claims. 683. By Mr. GARBER: Petition of executive representatives Also, a bill (H. R. 9326) for the relief of Lincoln County, of the Ex-Soldiers' Cooperative Association, of Birmingham, Oreg.; to the Committee on Claims. Ala., protesting against certain alleged discriminations against By Mr. KELLER: A bill (H.- R. 9327) proYiding for a negro citizens and requesting consideration of existing condi survey of the Mississippi River from St. Louis, Mo., to St. tiolls of inequality; to the Committee on World War Veterans' Paul, Minn. ; to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. Legislation. By Mr. SCHAFER: A bill (H. R. 9328) granting a pension 684. Also, petition of committee representing 4,500 members to Albert P. Leavitt; to the Committee on Pensions-. of State legislatures, indorsing the Senate bill repealing the By Mr. LEAVITT: A bill (H. R. 9329) granting a pension Federal inheritance tax; to the Committee on Ways and to Stephen B. Lovett; to the Committee on Pensions. l\Ieans. By Mr. McFADDEN: A bill (H. R. 9330) granting a pen 685. Also, statement of the Detroit Board of Commerce with sion to Florence Fitzwater; to the Committee on Invalid respect to the Watson-Parke1· bill; to the Committee on Inter- Pensions. state and Foreign Commerce. · By Mr. MAGEE of New York: A bill (H. R. 9331) granting 686. By Mr. LEAVITT: Resolutions of the Woman's Clubs an increase of pension to Ella J. Motsiff ; to the Committee of Albion, Belgrade, Shelby, Baker, and Boulder, Mont.; the on Invalid Pensions. Tuesday Study Club, of Kalispell, Mont. ; the Acton, Mont., By Mr. MANLOVE: A bill (H. R. 9332) granting a pension Farm Women's Club; and the Bomer Club, favoring exten to Mary H. Maulsby; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. sion of the provisions of the Sheppard-Towner maternity act; Also, a bill (H. R. 9333) granting a pension to John A. to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Maples; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 687. By Mr. O'CONNELL of New York: Petition of the New Also, a bill (H. R. 9334) granting an increase of pension to York State Legislative lloard, Brotherhood of Locomotive Fire Caroline E. Moore; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. men and Enginemen, favoring the passage of Honse bill 7180 and By Mr. MURPHY: A bill (H. R. 9335) granting an increase Senate bill 2308, seeking a substitution for the labor section of pension to Mary J. Shields; to the Committee on Invalid of the transportation act; to the Committee on Interstate and Pensions. Foreign Commerce. By Mr. NEWTON of Minnesota: A bill (H. R. 9336) grant 688. By Mr. RAINEY: Petition of the bakery and confec ing an increase of pension to Charles V. Stevens; to the Com tionery workers of Jacksonville, Ill., protesting again t the mittee on Pensions. formation of a bread trust; to the Committee on Interstate By Mr. PARKER: A bill (H. R. 9337) granting an increase and Foreign Commerce. of pension to Frances M. Nelson; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 9338) grantiD.g an increase of pension to SENATE Mary A. Nolan; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. PURNELL: A bill (H. R. 9339) granting an in lfoNDAY, Feb1--uary 15, 19~6 crease of pension to Mary J. Riley ; to the Committee on In The Chaplain, Rev. J. J. Muir, D. D., offered the following valid Pensions. prayer: By Mr. TABER: A bill (H. R. 9340) granting an increase of pension to Jennie Page; to the Committee on Invalid Pen Gracious Father, we turn our thoughts toward the throne sions. of grace and ask for guidance in the day's duties. May we realize how important it is to keep in touch with Thee, to PETITIONS, ETC. get wisdom from Thine mfinite resources, and to realize that whatever comes we can be conscious of peace with Thee, with Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, petitions and papers were laid a desire to advance peace in the world. Hear us, we beseech on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: of Thee, and glorify Thyself in the duties of this day. Through 674. By Mr. CONNERY: Resolution adopted by the Ba J esns Christ our Lord. Amen. varian Reading and Progressive Club of Lawrence, Mass., favoring the return of alien enemy property seized by the The Chief Clerk proceeded to read the Journal of the pro United States during the war ; to the Committee on Interstate ceedings of the legislative day of Monday, February 1, 1926, and Foreign Commerce. when, on request of Mr. CURTIS and by unanimous consent, 675. Also, resolution adopted by the Turner Tigers, of Law L.. } further reading was dispensed uith and the Journal was rence, Mass., favoring the return of alien enemy property approved. seized by the United States during the war ; to the Committee MESSAGE FROM THE HOUl E on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. Hal 676. Also, resolution adopted •by the Corporal Gordon E. tigan, one of its clerks, announced that the House had passed Denton Post, No. 319, Veterans of Foreign Wars, protesting the bill (H. R. 7906) granting pensions and increase of pen against the sentence given Col. William Mitchell; to the Com sions to certain soldiers and sailors of the Regular Army and mittee on Military Affairs. Navy, etc., and certain soldiers and sailors of wars other than 677. By Mr. DAVEY: Petition signed by 34 voters in Lorain the Civil War, and to widows of such soldiers and sailors, in County, Ohio, protesting against House bill 4002, a bill to pro which it requested the concurrence of the Senate. hibit the sale of pistols, revolvers, and other firearms of the like form, etc.; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign ENROLLED BILL SIGNED Commerce. The message also announced that the Speaker of the House 678. By 1\Ir. FENN: Resolution of Leonard Wood Camp, No.1, had affixed his signature to the enrolled bill (H. R. 183) pro of Hartford, Conn., favoring the passage of Honse bill 98, a viding for a per capita payment of $50 to each enrolled mem- LXVII--250 3960 COXGRESSION AL RECORD-SEN ATE l.Jer of the Chippewa Tribe, of Minnesota, from the funds stand Mr. KENDRICK presented a memorial signed by over 200 ing to their credit in the Treasury of the United States, and citizens of Lincoln County, Wyo., remonstrating against any it was thereupon signed by the Vice President. extension of the boundaries of the Yellowstone National Park SETTLEMENT OF SHIPPING BOARD CLLIMB which was referred to the Committee on Public Lands and The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communi Surveys. cation from the chairman of the United States Shipping Board, lie also presented a petition numerously signed l>y sundry transmitting, pursuant to law, a report of arbitration awards citizens of Washakie County, praying for the maintenance of or settlements of claims agreed to since the previous session the eighteenth amendment to the Constitution and the Volstead of Congress by the United States Shipping Board and/or Act, and opposing the increase in alcoholic content of commer United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation, cial beverages and the admission of light wines and beers, which v:hich, with the accompanying document, was referred to the was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. Committee on Commerce. PHILIPPINE INDEPE~DENCE NORTH PLATTE PROJECT, NEBRASKA-WYOMING (8. DOC. NO. 63) Mr. KING. Mr. President, before ta1.'ing up the calendar I The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communi ask unanimous consent for the reading of a resolution tra~s cation from the President of the United States, with an mitted to me by the Provincial Board of Tayabas at Lucena, accompanying letter of the Director of t!le Bureau of the Philippine Islands, January 6, 1926. 'rhe resolution declares Budget, transmitting a suplemental estimate of appropriation that, irrespective of party affiliation or religious beliefs, the from the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation Philippine people are unanimous in their desire for inde (North Platte project, Nebraska-Wyoming), the fiscal year pendence. I have received other resolutions of a similar char 192G, to pay a jml.gment rendered against the United States acter from various parts of the Philippine Islands, and ask that· l>y the United States District Court for the District of Wyo they, as well as the one which I desire shall be read, be re ming, amounting to $9,600, which,. with the accompanying ferred to the Committee on Territories and Insular Possessions. papers, was referred to the Committee on Appropriations and 'l'be VICE PRESID:IDNT. Is there objection? Without oiJ jection, it will be so ordered. ordered to be printed. · The resolution referred to is as follows: REPORT OF OPERATION OF RAiLROADS (8. DOC. NO. 64) The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communi EXCERPT FROM 1.'HE MINUTES OF THE REGULAR MEETIXG HELD BY Tftll OX cation from the chairman of the Interstate Commerce Com PROIIXCIAL BOARD OF TAYABAS AT LUCE:-IA JANUARY 6, 1926 mission, transmitting, in compliance with the Senate Resolution Present: Bon. Filemon E. Perez, provincial governor; Mr. Jose P. 100, submitted by Mr. REED of Pennsylvania and agreed to Veluz, member; l\lr. Aurelio Nava, membet·. January 4, 1926, a statement giving information relative to the Absent : None. number and nature of reports which the Interstate Commerce I Resolution 11 Commission now requires to be made by the railways of the Whereas Senator Kr:-~o, of Utah, has advocated b!.'fore the Unitl'd country; a statement as to the number and nature of reports States Congre s a bill providing for the immediate independence of the required by the various utilities commissions and public- Philippines ; and service commissions of the separate States to be made by the Whereas the said bill fully interprets tbe genuine desit·e of the people railways; certain information regarding the expense to the of these islands to enjoy the blessings of their own free goHrnment, railways of making said reports, and a statement concerning for which so many dear lives were sacrificed within the last 40 years; the number and nature of the reports now required by the and commission which, in its judgment can be dispensed with Whereas the Filipino people, irrespective of party atlUiation and without detriment to the public interest, which was referred religious beliefs, are unanimous in their clamor for independence; and to the Committee on Interstate Commerce and ordered to be Whereas the provincial board of Tayabas believes that it is the printed. earnest desire of our people to have an alJsolt~tely independent govern- PETITIONS AND ME~!ORIALS ment of their own; and M:r. WILLIS presented a petition of sundry citizens of Whereas the plebiscite bill recently approved by the Pbllippine Legis· Bellefontaine, Ohio, praying for the passage of legislation lature has been vetoed by his excellency the Governor General, thus pro·riding for the naturalization and dC'portation of aliens, depriving the people of these islands of the opportunity to express and for the I'egistration of aliens, which was referred to the their real opinion regarding the question of independence : Be it there- Committee on Immigration. fore He also presented resolutions adopted by the Hawaii Educa- Resolred, To express through this resolution the sincere gratitude tion Association at Honolulu, Hawaii, favoring the passage of of this body to Senator KrxG, of Utah, for his sympathy and love of legislati9n to relieve the teachers of Hawaii from the alleged the ft·eedom of the Filipino people; and discrimination imposed upon them by the Federal income tax ReJol,;ea further, That the said bill fostered by Senalor KING he as law, which were referred to the Committee on Finance. hereby adhered to by this board in the name of the inhabitants of thi He also presented a resolution adopted by the fourteenth an- Province. nual convention of the League of Ohio Sportsmen at Colum- Approved unanimously. bus, Ohio, fa-voring the passage of the so-called Federal public I hereby certify to the correctness of the above-quoted resolution. shooting ground game refuge bill, which was referred to the E. P. EsTRELLA, Secretary. Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. To 8enator KixG, of "Ctah, He also presented a petition of members of the National Trashington, D. C. Ca~h Register Co. Rifle Club at Dayton, Ohio, praying for the Mr. KING. 1\Ir. President, I sincerely hope that the chair- elimination of the 10 per cent tax on arms and ammunition in man of the committee will, at an early date, convene the com pending tax legislation, which wa. ordered to lie on the table. mittee for the purpose of considering these resolutions and the Mr. PEPPER pre .~entC'd a memorial of the Philadelphia bill I have pending before the committee providing for the (Pa.) Board of Trade, remonstrating against the passage of withdrawal of the United States from the Philippine hlands as measures for farm relief of an uneconomical nature. and fayor- soon as the inhabitants of the islands haYe adopted a repub ing the granting of constTnctive farm relief without ignoring lican form of government and ha-ve created the necessary gov the usual methods of financing and orderly marketing, which ernmental machinery to take over the duties and responsibilities wa~ referred to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. incident to the political control of the archipelago. He also presented a memorial of the Philadelphia ( Pa.) This subject recei-ved attention at the last ·ession of Congreds, Board of Trade, remonstrating against the passage of Senate and a ..Jmila r hill which I then offered was considered by the bill 2289. to stimulate commerce in agricultural products, etc., committee. In my opinion it should have been favorably re which was referred to the Committee on Agriculture and ported with minor amendments, but opposition was ma.nife ted Forestry. by the administration, and the committee failed to report the Mr. -n·ARllEN presented u petition signed by 291 citizens of bill, although all Democrats upon the committee were in favor Wr.shal.de County, Wyo., praying for the maintenance of the of granting independence to the Filipinos. eighteenth amendment to · the Constitution and the Volstead Mr. WILLIS. Mr. President, in reply to the suggestion which Act, and opposing the increase of alcoholic content in commer- has been made by the junior Senator from 'Ctah I desire to cial beYerages and the admission of light wines and beers, say that. so far as the chairman of the committee has anything which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. to say about the matter, he is perfectly willing to give friends He also presented a petition of sundry citizens of Wyoming, of the resolution a hearing at any time. and is also willing that praying for the passage of legislation to amend the existing those opposed to the legislation may have a hearing. copyri .... ht law so as to inclucle mimeogrupbic copies as well as The Senator from Utah, however, will recall that some copies made by the photo-engraving process, which was referred time ago, when this matter was l> Pfore the committee, the to the Committee on Patents. friends of the resolution had very extended hearings, while 1926 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3961 those who were opposed to the resolution had very slight oppor there are some Americans at :Manila and other parts of the tunity to be heard. When the matter is again taken up there islands who are anxious for the United States to annex the will be opportunity for both sides to be heard very fully. islands. They believe their interests will best be promoted Mr. · Kl:NG. Mr. President, if I may trespass upon the time if the islands remain under the flag of this Repul.Jlic. They of the Senate for a moment, I desire to observe that no one, do not see the Filipinos' point of view. They are not disinter as I remember the proceedings before the committee, was <'le ested, they are there temporarily for gain and profit, and it is nied opportunity to combat the bill which I had offered or quite natural that they should assume the attitude they do. oppose any legislation looking to granting political independence But, Mr. President, there is a question vital and important to the Filipinos. Representatives of the administration ap at stake in this matter. We have no right to superimpose our peared and strongly voiced their opposition to the terms of my authority upon alien peoples and to compel them to renounce bill, or to any legislation which had for its object the execution their aspirations for political independence and freedom, and of the provisions of the Jones Act imd the granting of the to accept the status of a subjugated people. The Filipinos right to the Filipinos to establish such form of government as are a spirited race ; they struggled against Spanish domination m.et their desires. and achieved their independence. We conquered them and The Jones Act, as Senators will recall, was a distinct and imposed American rule over the lands which were theirs, and definite promise upon the part of the United States that they which their fathers had inhabited for centuries. would withdraw then· sovereignty over the Philippine Islanns Undoubtedly they can not govern themselves as well as we and recognize their independence as soon as " a stable form are governed. They may not apply the principles of democ of government " was established therein. That act was in racy to their political and economic lives with the sa.me terpreted by the American people as a solemn pledge that the facility and success as they are applied in this Republic. But United States would soon withdraw from the Philippine Archi they prefer their own government to an alien rule, thougb pelago and turn over to the Filipinos the entire and absolute their efforts may not produce the same standards of justice aE control of the islands. It was a recognition of the fact that have been attained by the American people. But progress iE the Filipinos had made great progress· industrially, economi a plant of slow growth ; and true progress comes from within cally, culturally, and politically; that they had developed a and not from without. The Filipinos are animated by a desire national conscience, and pos essed those qualities which would for- justice and for liberty, and having before them the achieve· enable them to organize and maintain an independent govern ments of this Republic, I feel sure that, given their independ· ment and to take their station among the independent powers ence, they will march forward along the path of honor and will of the earth. not depart from the highway that leads to peace, prosperity, It is true there were some Americans who insisted that the and freedom. flag of the United States should never be removed from those Mr. WILLIS. One other statement, Mr. President. The far-off islands, and that they and their inhabitants should be fact that the Senator from Utah makes the statement as he held indefinitely by this Government. These Americans of does in absolute sincerity shows the necessity for further in whom I am now speaking were unwilling to grant to the quiry and further hearing. 'Vhen he says that the people are Filipinos a territorial form of government or statehood, or the absolutely a unit upon this proposition, he is entirely mistaken rights of American citizenship. The islands were to be held as to the facts. . for exploitation and the people would be governed by Congress The VICE PRESID~~T. The resolutions presented by the and by such laws as it might choose to enact. That is the im Senator from Utah will be referred to the Committee on Terri peralistic point of view; it is not the American point of view. tories and Insular Possessions.
It is not in harmony with the ideals of Jefferson or Lincoln REPORTS OF ~ COMMITTEES or the fundamental prin~iples upon which this Republic is Mr. McMASTER, from the Committee on Military Affairs, to founded. We may not hold indefinitely alien peoples under which was referred the bill ( S. 1859) for the relief of Patrick our flag. The American people never contemplated that this C. Wilkes, alias Clebourn P. Wilkes, reported it without amend Government would have colonial possessions· or hold, outside ment and submitted a report (No. 180) thereon. of the Constitution, alien peoples living in far-off lands. The Mr. CUMMINS, from the Committee on i.he Judiciary, to Philippine Islands do not belong to the United States, nor which was referred the bill ( S. 989) to amend section 129 of has our National Government the right to indefinitely retain · the Judicial Code relating to appeals in admiralty cases, re sovereignty over them and their people. ported it with an amendment and submitted a report (No. I know there is an extensive propaganda now being carried 181) thereon. on in the United States against Philippine independence and .Mr. DILL, from the Committee on Irrigation and Reclama to compel Congress to violate its solemn promise as declared tion, to which was referred the bill ( S. 2663) authorizing the in the Jones Act. This propaganda is supported by some Secretary of the Interior to cooperate with the States of Idaho, Americans in the Philippine Islands and by some within the Montana, Oregon, and Washington in allocation of the waters United States who are more concerned in b·ade and com of the Columbia River and its tributaries, and fc:- other pur merce than they are in justice and liberty. I protest against poses, and authorizing an appr.opriation therefor, reported it Congress yielding to these selfish and materialistic demands without amendment and submitted a report (No. 182) thereon. and to this unworthy propaganda. The time has come for Mr. HARRELD, from the Committee on Indian Affairs, to America to do its duty, to speak again for the weak peoples which was referred the bill ( S. 585) for the relief of F. E. of the earth, and to aid in the birth of a new nation, dedicated Romberg, reported it without amendment and submitted a to progress and freedom. report (No. 183) thereon. Mr. WILLIS. I do not desire to take up the morning hour Mr. CAPPER, fro~ the Committee on the Dish·ict of Colum with this discussion, but I wi "h to say a word further in re bia, to which was referred the bill ( S. 1430) to establish a sponse to what the Senator from Utah has said. There are a board of public welfare in and for the District of Columbia, great many people in the United States who are not imperial to determine its functions and for other purposes, reported ists and who have no interest at all in the commercial matters it with amendments and submitted a report (No. 185), thereon, to which the Senator refers, who do not believe at all that the Mr. CAMERON, from the Committee on Public Lands and Jones Act promised immediate independence to the Philippine Surveys, to which was referred the bill ( S. 2461) to grant ex Islands. tensions of time under oil and gas permits, reported it with Let me say further that the people who were heard before amendments and submitted a report (No. 186) thereon. our committee, as the Senator will remember, were simply some persons from the War Department. The people from the NAVAL APPROPRIATIO~S Philippine Islands, who actually know the facts, were not per Mr. HALE. I report back favorably with amendments from mitted to testify. Before there is any action, so far as I am the Committee on Approprtations the bill (H. R. 7554) making concerned-and, of course, I am only one member of the com appropriations for the Navy Department and the naval serv mittee-the persons in the Philippine Islands, who actually ice for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1927, and for other p,ur know the facts and who are not sent here as a paid junta poses, and I submit a report (No. 184) thereon. I shall ask to carry out propaganda, will also have opportunity to be the Senate to take up this bill at the earliest possible moment, heard. There will be no snap judgment in the matter. probably to-morrow, as by that time it is hoped that we shall Mr. KING. In reply, I desire to state that the Filipinos have finished the consideration of the Treasury and Post Office ax:e a unit in favor of independence. There are more than appropriation bill. 10,000,000 people 1·esiding in the Philippine Islands. They have The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be placed on the spoken repeatedly upon the question as tQ whether they desired calendar. to be an independent nation or remain subject to the control RIO GRANDE RIVER BRIDGES of the United States. · Tbere is no political party among the 1\Ir. SHEPPARD. I report back favorably without amend Filipinos, nor any facttoB- Of a party, that is not in favor of ment from the Committee on Commerce the bill (H. R. 4032) the immediate independence of the Filipinos. I concede that granting consent of Congress to the Br~wnsville & :Mata- 3962 GONGRESSION AL RECORD-SEN ATE FEBRUARY 15 moros Rapid Transit Co. for construction of a bridge across SARAH J. M'noN~ELL the IUo Grande at BL"ownsville, Tex., and I submit a report · l\Ir. KEYES. From the Committee to Audit and Control (No. 178) thereon. I ask for the present considerap.on of the the Contingent Expenses of the Senate I report back favor~ bill. ably without amendment Senate Resolution 144, submitted bv There being no objection, the bill was considered as in Com~ ~Ir. SwAxsoN on the 9th instant, and ask unanimous conseu"t mittee of tl1e. Wlwle, and it was read, as follows: for its immediate consideration. Be it euactecl, etc., That the consent of Congress be, and is beteby, The resolution was read, considered by unanimous consent granted to the Brownsville & Matamoros Rapid Transit Co., a cor- and agreed to, as follows: poration organized under the laws of Arizona, to construct, maintain, and opet·ate a bridge and approaches thereto. at a point suitable to the , Rcsolred, That the Secretary of the Senate hereby is authorized and interests ot navigation. across the Rio Grande, at nrownsville, Tex .. in directed to pay from tile miscellaneous items of the contingent fund of the Senate, fiscal year 192"5, to Sarah J. McDonnell, mother of Stella accordance with the provisions of an act entitled "An act to regulate the construction of britlges over navigable waters," ap,roved March 23, M. McDonnell, late an additional clerk in the office of Senator CL.AGD:m 1!>06: Prorided, That the consent of the proper authorities of the A. SWAXSON, a sum equal to six months' salary at tile rate she was Repul.Jlic of Mexico to the construction, maintenance, ami operation of receiving by law at the time of her death, said sum to be considered the brillge shall also be obtained. inclusive of funeral expen es and all other allowances. ~.:'Ec. ~- That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this act is hereby REFORM OF THE SEN .ATE RULES expressly reserved. :Mr. DILL. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to hnve The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, inserted in the RECORD an article written by the Senator from ordPred to a third reading, read the third time. and passed. Nebraska [Mr. NoRRIS], which is entitled "Reform of the 1\lr. SHEPP.ARD. I also report from the Committee on Com ~ Senate Rules." While it was published in the Saturday EYen~ merce favorably without amendment tile bill (H. R. 6515) ing Post of February 13, 1926, it is particularly applicable to granting the consent of Congress to the Gateway Bridge Co. the joint resolution providing for the submission to the people for eon ·truction of a bridge ac1:oss the Rio Grande between of a constitutional amendment which was passed by the Sennte Bro\\·n:-::-.ille, Tex., and :Matamoros, Mexico, and I submit a this afternoon. revo1t (No. 170) thereon. I ask for the present consideration There being no objection, the article was ordered to be of the bill. printed in the RECORD, as follows: There being no objection, the bill was considered as in Com~ mittee of the Whole, and it was read, as follows: REFORll OF THE SEXATE RULES IX L'i"SWETI TO VICE PRF.SIDENT DAWES By GEORGE W. NORRIS, United States Senator from Nebraska Be it enacted, etc., That the consent of Congress be, and is hereby, gmnted to the Gateway Bridge Co., a corporation organized under the The country is indebted to our courageous Vice President for calling law~ or Delaware, to construct, maintain, and operate a bridge and attention to the necessity for reform in the procedure of our National ::tpproacln•s thereto at a point suitable t.o the interests of navigation Legislah1re. He has very clearly shown that a change in legislative aci·o«s the Rio Grande b~tween Brownsville, Tex., and Matamoros. procedure is necessary if the people are to receive the benefits of neces Mt-~ico, in accordance with the provisions of an act entitled "A.n act to sary progressive legislation. He has, however, told us nothing new. re5ulntt> the con truction of bridges over navigable waters," approved 'l'hese same things have been repeatedly called to the attention of the Marcil 23, 1906: Prol'i-ded, That the consent of the proper authorities people l.Jy others in more obscure positions, and various remedies have of the Repubiic of ?!lexico 1.o the construction, maintenance, and opera been frequently suggested. Because of the position be occupies what tion of the bridge shall also be obtained. Mr. Dawes says on the subject receives wide publicity and is read by s~:c. :!. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal thi act is llereby almost a numberless constituency. But though Mr. Dawes has very expres,:;ly res&rved. clearly pointed out the evil the remedy lie suggests would !Jring more harm than good. Like the ancient country physician, he throws the The bill wa reported to the Senate without amendment, patient into fits, but lacking the ability of that backwoods character ordered to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. he is unable to revive the patient from his increased suffering. With .ALUMIXUM CO. OF .AMERICA gymnastic activity characteristic of him when on 1.he public rostrum, he "Mr. W .lLSH. ~Ir. President, I send to the desk a report jumps right out of the frying pan into the fire. (No. 177) from the Committee on the Judiciary, pursuant to Mr. Dawes compares the legi,Jativt: procedure of the Senate with SPnnte Resolution 100, directing an investigation concerning the that of the House of Representatives. He labors at some length to diligence with which the Department of Justice has investi~ sllow that the procedure in the House, where they have cloture, is gated the charge of violation by the Aluminum Co. of America much superior to that in 1he Senate, where they do not have cloture. of a deel"ee of the United States District Court for the Westem If this comparison demonstrate anything, it shows that the House Di~trict of Pennsylvania. I move that the report be adopted has ceased to be a deliberative body. Its Members are just as able by the Senate. I give notice that I shall call up the motion and just as pa tr.iotic as are the Members of the Senate. Gi'l"en the at the earliest possible moment. same opportunities, their work would not be inferior to the work of :\Ir. PEPPER. 1\lr. President, I would like to have the re the Senate, but every student of our Government knows that the port go over under thE' rule. laws of our country are analyzed and discussed and, in fact, made ~lr. ~lOSES. ~lr. President, may I a ·k the Senator has the by the debate that takes place in the Senate. The House of Repre· report been printed? sentatives is controlled by a small number of men that you could 1\Ir. WALSH. The report was printed for the committee. count on the fingers of one hand; the Speaker, the majority leader. Mr. ~lOSES. But it is not available for the Senate? the chairman of the Committee on Rules, with perhaps the tacit and 1\Ir. \\ ALSH. The report has been placed on the desks of silent assistance of one or two leaders of the minority, hold the House Senators. in complete subjection. They limit or close debate at their own sweet 1\lr. MOSES. Was there a divided report from tl:te Commit~ will. They deny, if nece::::sary, to the membership not only the ri~ht tee on t!1e Judiciary? of deiJate but even the right to o!Ier amendments. By special rule l\Ir. V\'ALSH. There was. The Senator from Oklahoma they put through the House revenue bills, ta1·iff bills, and all otller [l\Ir. llARRELD] submitted to the committee a draft of a re kinds of important legislation without giving to the membership sup· port and moved its adoption. I suggest that the report offered posed to represent the people of the country the right even to suggest now be printed for the use of the Senate, together with any changes. It is no answer to say that a pecial rule must always be report t0ndered by any minority of the committee. approved by a majority of tile House. The membersi.Jip, when the vote Mr. l\lOSES. I hope that order may be entered. 1\lay I ask Ion a bill under a special rule is before them, are confronted with the t.he Senator further whetller the testimony was pripted? proposition that they must accept what is bad in order to get what Mr. 'VALSH. The testimony ha been printed. they believe to be good. Neither is it any answer to say that such .Mr. liOSES. And it is available for Senator ? ' procedure is necessary on account of the large membership of the :Mr. ".ALSH. That also has l>een laid ou the desks of House. The fact remains that debate is curtniled, often entirely Senators. eliminated. amendments are limitPd anrl sometimes absolutely pro· The YICE PRESIDE~T. Without objection. the report will hibited-and this is majority cloture in the Hou~e, which the Vice be printed as requested. President approvPs and which he wants the Senate to adopt. Mr. :BORAH. lias a minority report ueen submitted? The country pays bnt little attention to legislation pending in the Mr. lL\LSH. I tU.ink not. I ha-.e not heard of it. Ilou e. Everybody knows that this limited consideration on the part l\lr. BORAH. The report submitted goes over, anyway, of the House means imperfect, half-baked legi lation. Everybody to-clay? knows that when the bill gPts to the :::ienate it will be completely Mr. W .ALSII. Ye~; and I have suggested that any minority analyzed and debated, that amendments can he offered without limit. report tendered by any member or members of the committee and that in the end, whcthe1· the legi:-:lai~~. be good or bad, it will ue printed with the report now submitted. at least represent the judgruent of the fe~lve body acting upoa it. 1926 CONGRESSIONAL RECOR.D-SENATE 3963 It even happens not infrequently that Members of the House are have been even attempted if one or more of these elements above induced to vote for a special rule and to support this majo1·ity cloture described had not existed and stood out in bold relief. Let me give on the theory and with the knowledge that when the bill gets to the a.n actual illustration that occuned during the administration of Senate it will be considE.'red on its merits. President Harding. The Senate, with all its faults, is the only forum in our country Pt;SHIXO A PET MEAS"GRE where there is free and fair debate upon propo ed legislation, and it The President was very anxious to pa s the bill known and generally is the forum where the legi ·lation of the country is made. If we understood as the ship sub idy bill. In the first or long session of adopted majority cloture in the Senate as they have in the House, the Congress it was not even attempted to pass this bill-it was the last vestige of fair and honest parliamentary consideration would known that it could not pass either House of Congress--but when the entirely vanish, and what a picnic that would be for political machines short session convened the administration immediately got busy to and political bosses. 'fbe country could stand off and yell itself crowd this bill through both branches of our National Legislature. In hoarse; but three or four men in the House and two or three men the election that had just taken place, many Members of the House in the Senate would bold this country in the palm of their mighty and the Senate had been defeated for reelection, their successors had political hands. A political party in power, with its President con been -elected, but had not yet been sworn in. The short session takes trolling the patronage of the ~ation, and with its few politically place after the election and before the Members chosen at that election selected leaders in the House and the Senate, could pass or defeat are inaugurated into office. It was known also that the new Honse any legislation of any kind, without regard to the welfare of any and the new Senate, just elected and not yet sworn in, if in office, J thing except the partisan machine. would refuse absotutely to pass the ship subsidy bill. The old Con 'fhe country looks to the Senate for an analysis of all proposed legis gi·ess was opposed to it before the election and the new Congress was lation, because the people have gradually learned from recent history overwhelmingly against it. If it were to be passed at all it must pass that it is only there where full opportunity is had to protect and pre during the short session. serve the rights and the liberties of our people. The bill had been more or less an issuf! in the campaign, and it The evil in the Senate procedure, so well pointed out by the Vice had been repudiated by an overwhelming majority at the polls. I am President, is the ability to filibuster, which comes about on account of not discussing the merits of this legislation, my dear render-it is the rule which permits unlimited debate. The filibuster is an extraor immaterial whether you favored it or were opposed to its enactment. dinary procedure. It is illogical, and conditions should be so changed If the means attempted t() bring about its passage were unfair, dis that it will not be used or attempted. A study of the procedure of honorable, or objectionable, then the method must be condemned re ! the Senate will demonstrate that the filibuster always takes place in gardless of the merits of the legislation. what is known as the short session of the Congress. Every other ses There was no difficulty in the House, where this blessed majority sion of Congress must E.'nd on the 4th day of ~larch because of the cloture rule prevailed. The skids were greased and the bill wen t expiration of the terms of Members of the House of Repre entatives through in one-two-three order, but in the Senate it was different. and one-third of the Senate. It is known throughout that session that There was no cloture in the Senate; there was no way to shut off de on the 4th of ~!arch, when the gavel falls, everything on the calendar bate, and, although the President had a majority in favor of the bill, not enacted into law fails and dies. No filibuster can be successfully he was tmable 'to secure a vote, and this vote was prevented by a carried on unless the adjournment of the Congress is definitely fixed. filibuster carried on by those who were, as far as legal membership Filibusters therefore take place in this short session. A cloture would of the Senate was concerned, in a minority. This minority backing not end the filibuster unless 1t absolutely prevented debate and the up the filibuster knew that the bill could not have passed before elec offering of amendments. A cloture which permitted reasonable debate tion. 1t knew that the new Congress just elected was opposed to the after its adoption would not prevent filibusters i1' ·they were attempted measure. It knew that votes in favor of the bill were being secured just before the final adjournment. by the power of Federal patronage. Was this filibuster justified? Was Ur. Dawes bas not given us a concrete rule that will work, and I this minority of Senators justified in resorting to this desperate remedy defy him and challenge him or anyone else to put in writing a 1·ule to prevent the political machine from carrying out this plan which that will prevent a filibuster when the final adjournment is definitely had, as a matter of fact, been repudiated by the people of the country? fixed by law. If a filibuster were commenced, let us say, on the 15th As one who participated in that filibuster, I have no hesitancy 1n day of February, it would be more difficult to keep it up and succeed saying that every step we took was justified under the circumstances; than it would be were the filibuster commenced on the last day of and to show that our position was correct so far as the new Congress1s February, shortly before the final adjournment. A filibuster com attitude was concerned, it should be added that after the newly menced thus early would require quite a. number of Senators success elected Congress came into office there was not even an attempt to tully to carry it out; but a filibuster can be commenced at 11 o'clock pass this legislation. on the 4th day of March, and carried to a successful conclusion by I have given an illustration of a filibuster that took place under a one man, if be is allowed any debate whatever. A filibuster com Republican administratlon. In order to show that this is no partlsan menced on the 1st day of March would be comparatively easy if one matter, let me now give an illustration that happened under a Demo or two men would devote their time to it; so when Mr. Dawes says cratic administration. It was the filibuster which took place against he is not advocating a rule that would end all debate he is simply President Wilson's bill authorizing the arming of private ships. It giving away the entire question. A rule that will prevent filibuster was just before we went into the war. In an official message delivered must be so drastic that no debate whatever can take place after the to the Congress !1. few days befor~ the adjournment of the short SNision rule is put in force. on the 4th day of March, the President asked for authority thus to arm REVOLUTION BY FILIBUSTER the merchant marine. As usual, the bill went through the House wth- The history of Senate procedure will show that all successful fili- out any difficulty. It was passed by that body because of the power busters have taken place in the short session. It is a desperate pro- of majority cloture-and I ought to pause here to say that where the cedure, and is justified only in extraordinary conditions and circum- power to put cloture over rests in the hands of a few men it is not stances. It is akin to revolution in the political world, and revolution always necessary tilat cloture be adopted. The rank and file of the ..J is usually a bloody and heartless struggle against entrenched power, membership know that tile power exists, and they sometimes submit and yet no American will say that revolution is never justified. We even if it is not actually put in force. They know that if they resist exist to-day as a country as the result of a revolution by our fore- it will be invoked, and they follow the line of least resistance. fathers, and those who laid the foundation of our United States after The bill came to the Senate just a day or two before the 1st ot eight years of bloody struggle were all rev-olutionists. They violated March, 1917. It was promptly reported. The power of the Executive the law of tbe land, they were guilty of trea on to the mother country, was suffi.cient to bring in line behind this bill a majority of the Mem but they justified their action upon the fundamental principle of bers of the Senate. A reasonable debate on its provisions would have human liberty, and all the world honors them to-day, and Americans carried it beyond the 4th day of March. Its importance was con particularly hold their memory in sacred remembrance because of th_e ceded, everybody acknowledged that, but it was necessary, of course, very revolution they fought to a successful conclusion. to pass it before the 4th of March, and it was not difficult to organize Should we make it impossible for a filibu ter to take place? Under a filibuster to defeat the proposal, although the sentiment, due to our Government, in the United States Senate can Senators ever justify executive and newspaper pressme, was almost irresistible. A com themselves for participating in such a desperate method of preventing paratively few men in the Senate defeated the bill. We were con legislation? The filibuster is in fact a legislative revolution. It demned in the severest terms by the country. defies the apparent legally constituted majority; it stands, for the time The day after the adjournment,· President Wilson issued his famous being, in the way of their progress, and through main strength pre- statement denouncing the" willful twelve." Many of us were burned in vents the constituted majority from having its will. If this majolity effigy in different parts of the United States. The country, by propa were uncoerced, if its entire membership were unselfish and standing ganda that had been put forth through the newspapers and through for the highest type of legislation, unmoved by the selfish desire to political and partisan leaders, had been set. afire in its indignation trnde votes for office-in short, if the entire memllersWp were abso- against these few men who had stood in the way of the passage of Jutely free to follow the dictates of their several consciences, then I this bill It would be interesting reading, I think, at this point, i! I concede there would be no excuse for a fil.ibuster. But on examination Iwere able to publish the letters of condemnation which I personally of the history of every filibuster that has ever come to my notice-- received. It would be intere ting, perhaps, to read the letters that and I have participated in quite a number-1 find none that would threatened human life and that advocated death as the proper punish- 3964 CONGRESSIONAL RECOR.D-SEN.ATE FEBRUARY 15 ment for one who was engaged in this unholy filibuster. Even the tributors the liberties and the rights of a free people. Out· forefatheJ·s Ft'deral judiciary participated in it, and one of these judges went so 1 thought they had separated the legislative branch of ou1· Government far as to advocate the standing of these men up against a wall and 1 from the Executive, and if we are to give to the Executive th1·ougb the s~ooting tht>m. When such desperate remedies are advocated by power of his patronage and through his influence with partisan politi- men in high places, it would not have been strange if at least a part cal factions and machines the power to control iegislation, then wa of these filibusters had beeome the victim of some fanatic or crank. I might just as well abolish our legislative branch and make the Presi have now in my possession a beautiful medal made out of Mr. Mellon's dent supreme in legislative matte1·s as well as in Executive. We might aluminum on which the names of the "willful twelve" are inscribed, as well at once change our Government into a monarchy and do away and on the reverse side of which is engraved President Wilson's con· with the legislati>e branch of the Go-.ernment entirely. demnation of the "willful twelve." AN AMENDMENT SUGGESTED A WAR-TIME FrLIBuSTER It is quite apparent, therefore, that the adoption of cloture will not This filibuster could never have succeeded, would not, of course, bring a remedy. It must likewise be apparent that all these filibusters have even been attempted, had it not been that the session of Con take place in the short session-that they would not be possible if 1t gress must expil'e on the 4th day of March. And yet, as one who were not for this limitation. Neither would such filibusters be possible bad perbaps more to do with its organization and carrying out than if the new Congress instead of the old were legislating during the short had any other one man, I am as confident in my own heart that a session. However, under our Constitution the old Congress, although majority of the Senate was against this mea. ure, as I am that I defeated at the polls, continues to legislate until the 4th of March, still live. During those few weary days and nigllts I was privately while the new Congress, aniious to perform the dutles imposed upon informed by many a Senator who was standing for the passage of the it by the people, must stand helpless and unable to function in the bill that the filibuster was justified, and that the passage of the pro performance of the duties for which it has been elected. posed legislation would be an outrage. It is a remarkable fact that The remedy, therefore, is to abolish the short session of the Con some of the men who stood on the floor of the Senate and argued in gress-to install in office the men who have been elected fresh from fa•or of the passage of this bill and who, as far as the administration the people, and let them legislate in accordance with the questions .../ knew, were as anxious to bring about its passage as was the President settled in the preceding campaign. It is important that tbose wbo have himself, bad privateJy urged me not to cease in this filibuster, but to been defeated should not be continued in office after their defeat. To carrv it on to success. Some of these men made speeches in its favor bring about this remedy will require a constitu tiona! amendment. at ~Y own request, becau. e by talking, even in favor of the bill, tlley Such an amendment has twice passed the Senate of the United States belprd to kill time, although the power of the administration on one and bas been defeated by the few which majority cloture puts iu hand and the political machine on the other was so great that political actual control of the House of Representatives. This amendment pro expediency required them to get in line. vides that the terms of office of the President, the Vice President, and The filibuster succeeded. 'Ihe bill was defeated. Practically a Members of the House and the Senate shall begin in January and shall unanimous country condemned the filibuster. The President issued a end in January. It provides that the new Congress shall meet in statement a day after the adjournment, bitter in its denunciation. But January, after it has been elected in November, and likewise provides let us see what followed. The next day the President issued another that the old Congress, defeated in November, shall never again have statement in which he said that an old law had been discovered per power to legislate. In other words, their defeat puts them out of mitting him to arm these ships; that the defeat ot the legislation in office. The ability of the President to control legislation through the the Senate bad no effect, and that under this newly discovered ancient lame-duck method would, therefore, disappear at once. law he would proceed at once to arm the ships. This he did, and thus , Instead of the old Congress legislating for the people after its carried out fully and completely his entire program. In a very short I Members had been repudiated by the people, the new Congress elected time, however, he him elf di::;covered that the arming of these ships was 1 to carry out the will of the people would be functioning. Instead of no benefit; that, as n mattrr of fact, it was a detriment rather, and j of the session of Congress ending on the 4th of March, it would that instead of helping to keep us out of the war it had a tendency to be the same as the present long session. In other words, the effect put us in, and to put us in with some disadvantages that we would not of this amendment would be to give us one session of Congress have had had we gone into the war in the regular way. each year, which would be unlimited as to time, except so far as the THE STA:-ID OF THE "WILLFC'L TWELVE" term itself might limit it-which in practical ell'ect means no limi · In his special mes age deiivered at the special session of Congress tation whatever. Men whose otncial acts had been repudiated by which followed in April, he, in substance, made this admission, and their people would suffer the results of such defeat and repudiation, it was then that he advocated a declaration of war, so that, as a and we would not find the country in the disagreeable attitude or matter of fact, this little bunch of " willful" Senators had their seeing those whom the people have defeated placed in higher posi com·se officially upheld by the same power that had so bitterly con tions of power and honor for the very reason that they have been demned them. The filibuster itself was justified even by the Presi unfaithful to their trusts. The filibuster would disappear as the dew dent, although be did not so state, and was not magnanimous enough tades before the morning sun. No filibuster would be possible, and tJ admit that thls minority was right and that the majority was therefore no filibuster would be attempted. If a cloture were neces wrong. Bad it been possible to continue this discussion fo1· a reason sary at all, a cloture similar to the one we now have in the Senate able length of time-in other words, had we not been compelled by would meet all requirements. law to adjourn on the 4th dny of March there is no doubt but that ELIMINATI~G THE SHORT SESSIO:'i there \Yould have been brought out in the debate the very facts President Wil on afterwards found to be true, and which he after Mr. Dawes says he does not want a cloture that would prevent wat·uN officially promulgated in his message. Again I ask, Was this debate, but, as I have shown, a cloture to be effective must prevent filibuster justified? In a matter of so great importance as was the debate so long as the end of the session is definitely fixed. If this bill which in substance meant pushing us into war-:md pushing us end were not fixed by law, then a modified cloture that would permit in, as President Wilson afterwards admitted, handicapped-without full and fair debate after the adoption of the cloture rule would the full advantages that would have been ours had we gone into the bring no harm if it were found under the circumstances to be neces sary. In my judgment, no such rule would be necessary. No cloture war in the regular way. It seems to me the filibuster was more than juc:tified. of any kind would be demanded, or if some sort or cloture were necessary it could easily be adopted, and would be adopted, because it It is conceded that a filibuster carried on fo1· any considerable length of time prevents the consideration of other legislation and often de would not be subject to th~ great objection that now exists, which feats entirely the passage of laws beneficial to the entire country. is on account of the day of adjournment being definitely fixed. Clo ture would mean the absolute controlling of legislation by a few This is one of the secondary effects of the filibuster, and is one of the dictators who are temporarily clothed with partisan polltlcal power. things that tho e who engage in the filibuster must consider and for which they must assume responsibility. It should be said, how COXCLC'SION ever. that the real responsibility for such a condition can be placed I appeal to our worthy Vice President to use the mlghty influence at the door of those who are using partisan power and patronage con which is his and the power of his ability to help n progressive-think trol to coerce men into dolng what they believe to be wrong. Those in ing and a progressive-hoping Nation to secure the passage of this authority, purposely and studiously, often bring in these particular constitutional amendment and thus bring about the remedy for the pieces of legislation, knowing that they could not be passed in an open evil which he so well describes, but the sins of which he would vastly and fair discussion before the country, but hoping ~nd believing that increase if his method of reform were agreed to. berause of the limited time Senators would be induced to acquiesce and to submit and to surrender their convictions. BILLS .AND JOINT RESOLUTION INTRODUCED Then, too, unless Senators assert the right of proper consideration Bills and a joint resolution were introduced, read the first of legislation, even though the remedy is severe, it must be remem time, and, by unanimous consent, the second time, and referred bered that if they took any other course, if they acquiesced always to as follows : ' tht> will of a few political leaders and a machine that has a tem By Mr. CUMMINS: pora1·y artificial control of the Senate membership, they would in the A bill ( S. 8115) to amend section 220 of the Criminal Code : long run be surrendering to machine politicians and to patronage dis- to the Committee on the Judiciary. 1926 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3965 By Mr. MOSES: A bill ( S. 3142) to correct the military record of James A bill ( S. 3116) granting an increase of pension to :Mary J. Coughlin ; and Nutter (with accompanying _papers) ; and A bill ( S. 3143) to correct the military record of Sidney F. A bill (S. 3117) granting a pension to Nettie Marshall (with Jones (with accompanying papers); to the Committee on ~lUi accompanying papers); to the Committee on Pensions. tar y Affairs. By Mr. EDGE: A bill (S. 3144) granting· an increase of pension to Sarah A bill ( S. 3118) to amend the national prohibition act, as Cutbirth (with accompanying papers ) ; supplemented, in respect of the definition of intoxicating liquor; A bill· (S. 3145) granting an increase of pension to Rebecca to the Committee on the Judiciary. C. Holt (witli accompanying papers) ; By Mr. WILLIS: · A bill (S. 3146) granting an increase of pension to Horace E. A bill ( S. 3119) granting an increase of pension to Sarah Park (with accompanying papers); and M. Lant (with accompanying papers) ; to the ·Committee on A bill (S. 3147) granting a pension to Martha C. Tuttle (with Pensions. accompanying papers); to the Committee on Pensions. By Mr. TRAMMELL: By Mr. CAPPER: A bill (S. 3120) providing that the members of the Inter A bill (S. 3148) to ~egulate the manufactme, renovation, state Commerce Commission shall be appointed from different and sale of mattresses in the District of Columbia; to the Com sections of the United States, and that not more than one mem mittee on the District of Columbia. ber shall be appointed from any one State; to the Committee A bill ( S. 3149) granting a pension to Evaline 0. Butler on Interstate Commerce. (with accompanying papers) ; and By Mr. FLETCHER (by request): A bill (S. 3150) granting an increase of pension to Oscar A bill ( S. 3121) for the relief of certain property owners in Walker (with accompanying papers); to the Committee on Orange County, Fla.; to the Committ~ on Finance. Pensions. By Mr. ASHURST: By lli. PITT~IAN: A bill ( S. 3122) for the completion of the road from Tucson A bill ( S. 3151) granting an increase of pension to Caroline to Ajo via Indian Oasis, Ariz.; to the Committee on Indian Gregory; to the Committee on Pensions. Affalrs. By Mr. NORBECK: By Mr. RANSDELL: A bill ( S. 3152) granting an increase of pension to Annie A bill ( S. 3123) to transfer to the jurisdiction of the Federal Taylor; to the Committee on Pensions. Power Commlssion the power and nitrate properties of the By Mr. HARRISON: United States at and in the vicinity of :Muscle Shoals, Ala., A bill ( S. 3153) conferring jurisdiction upon the Court of and for other purposes ; to the Committee on Agriculture and Claims to hear and determine the claim of Mary Ella Webster; Forestry. to the Committee on Claims. By Mr. COPELAND: By Mr. CAPPER: A bill ( S. 3124) to amend section 4 of the Immigration act of A joint resolution ( S. J. Res. 56) to amend an act entitled 1924; to the Committee on Immigration. 11 An act to provide for the regulation of motor-vehicle traffic By Mr. EDW.A.RDS : in the District of Columbia, increase the number of judges of A bill (S. 3125) granting a pension to Ambrose Marion (with the police court, and for other purposes," approved March 3, accompanying papers) ; to tbe Committee on Pensions. 1925 ; to the Committee on the District of Columbia. By Mr. KENDRICK: AMERICAN NATIOX.A.L RED CROSS BUILDL,GS A bill (S. 3126) to amend the· act entitled "An act to provide Mr. FERNALD. I introduce a joint resolution which I a k for refunds to veterans of the World War of certain amounts may be read at length, and then I shall ask for its immediate paid by them under Federal irrigation projects," approved Feb consideration. ruary 21, 1925; to the Committee on Finance. The joint 1·esolution (S. J. Res. 55) to authorize the Ameri By Mr. PEPPER: can National Red Cross to continue the use of temporary build A bill ( S. 3127) to correct the military record of William W. ings now erected on square No. 172, in Washington, D. C., Woodruff; to the Committee on Military Affairs. was read the :first time by its title and the second time at By Mr. GOFF: length, as follows : A bill { S. 3128) granting a pension to Josephine Miley ; A bill (S. 3129) granting an increase of pen ion to John P. ResoZvecl, etc., That authority be, and is hereby, gi'"en to the central Hickel; and committee of tbe American .iS"ational Red Cross to continue the use of A bill (S. 3130) granting an increase of pension to Olive J. such temporary buildings as are now erected upon square No. 172, Ebert; to the Committee on Pensions. in tbe city of Washington, for the use of the American Red Cross in A bill ( S. 3131) to correct the military record of Clarence G. connection with its work in cooperation with the Government of the Stonestreet; to the Committee on Military Affairs. United States until such time as hereafter may be designated by A bill {S. 3132) providing for the erection of a monument Congress : Provided, That the nited States shall be put to no ex over the grave of Patrick Gass, at Brooke Cemetery, Wellsburg, pense of any kind by reason of the exercise of the authority hereby W. Va., a soldier of the War of 1812, and the last surviving conferred. member of the Lewis and Clarke Expedition ; to the Committee The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the imme on the Library. diate consideration of t h ~ joint resolution. By Mr. SHEPPARD: Mr. JONES of 'Vashington. This is a joint resolution, and A bill ( S. 3133) for retu·ement as warrant officer of any pet· it is not the practice of tbe Senate to pass joint resolutions or son with a certain length and character of service in tbe United bills without having them referred to the proper committees. States Army; to the Committee on Military Affairs. \Yould it unneces.,arily delay the joint resolution by having A bill ( S. 3134) for a survey of the Brazos River, Tex., from it referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds? its mouth to Rosenberg, Tex.; and The committee could be polled and the joint resolution reported A bill (S. 3135) granting consent of Congress to Eagle Pass without much delay. and Piedras Negras Bridge Co. to construct, maintain, and :Mr. FERNALD. Very well; there is no special hurry about operate a bridge across the Rio Grande at Eagle Pass, Tex.; to the passage of the joint re olution. the Committee on Commerce. Mr. JONES of Washington. I think it had better go to the By Mr. HALE: committee. A bill (S. 3136) granting an increase of pension to Ellen G. Mr. FERNALD. I move that the joint resolution be referred Crocker (with accompanying papers) ; to the Committee on to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Pensions. The motion was agreed to. By Mr. DALE: AMEXDMEXT TO AGRICULTURAL APPROPRIATION BILL A bill ( S. 3137) granting allowances for rent, fuel, light, and Mr. SHORTRIDGEJ submitted an amendment proposing to equipment to postmastei·s of the fourth class, and for other appropriate $15,000 to enable the Weather Bureau to extend purposes ; to the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. its .forest-fire weather-warning ser-rice, intended to be proposPd A bill ( S. 3138) granting a pension to Mary B. Fargo ; by him to House bill 8264, the Agricultm·al Department appro A bill (S. 3139) granting an increase of pension to Mary S. priation bill, which was referred to the Committee on Appro Whitney ; and priations and ordered to be printed. A bill (S. 3140) granting an increase of pension to Mary Reeves; to the Committee &n Pensions. RETIREMENT OF CIVIL SERVICE EMPLOYEES By 1\lr. CURTIS : Mr. WATSON submitted an amendment intended to be pro A bill (S. 3141) to correct the military record of Biram B. posed by him to the bill ( S. 786) to amend the act entitled Hatton; "An act for the retirement of employees in tbe classified civil 3966 COXGRESSIONAL RECORD-BE rATE FEBRU..lRY 15 service, and for oilier purposes." approved May 22, 1920, and Whereas the same general reasons for the investigation of butter acts in amendment thereof; which was referred to the Com apply with at least equal force to u like investigation of cream and o! mittee on Civil Service and ordered to be printed. milk, sweet, sour, or buttermilk ; and Whereas, also, for the month of December, 1924, the importations of ADMINISTRATION OF THE PACKERS AND STOCKYARDS ACT cream into the United States amounted to 236,1!);) gallons of the value 1\Ir. KE~"'DRICK. Mr. President, I present a resolution o:! $384,836; for the month o! December, 19~5. the importation of which I ask to have read. cream into the United States amounted to 257,9 7 gall6ns of the value The resolution ( S. Res. 145) was read, as fo~lows: of $452,435; for the year 1924 the importutions of cream amounted to 4,197,449 gallons of the value of' $6,141.133; and the importations for Whereas it appears that there has been no published report o! the 1925 amounted to 5,171,788 gallons of the value o:! $7,591,930; for the 1921, administration of the packers and stockyards act, for the fiscal month of December, 1924, the importations of milk, sweet, sour. or year ended June 30, 1925, or since then, comprehensively covering the buttermilk, il!to the United States amounted to 393,GS7 gallons of the subjects embraced within the published annual reports of the adminis value of $75,457; and for the same month of 1925 the importations tration of said act for prior rears; and amounted to 576,078 gallons of the value of 102,!)9;); and for the "'hereas the American National Livestock Association has requested year 1924 the importations amounted to 5,192,344 gallons of the value information concerning the administra~on and enforcement of said of $ 27,586; and for the year 192;5 the importations of milk, sweet, act; and sour, or buttermilk, . amomited to 7,422,133 gallons of the value of Whereas Members of the House and Senate are in receipt of other $1,242,063 ; and requests for such information, which they are unable to supply: There Whereas the large. rapidly increasing importations of these dairy fore be it products have resulted in a decline in their prices in many portions ot Resolt·ed, That the Secretary of Agriculture be requested to cause the United States, so that now these prices are but little, if any, above the preparation and publication as soon as possible Qf a comprehensive the reasonable normal cost o! production : Therefore be it report, and to furnish copies thereof to the Congress, covering in said Resolud, That the United States Tariff Commission be, and it is report for the period which has elapsed since June 30, 1924, the sub hereby, requested forthwith, under the provisions of section 31;) of the jects embraced within the annual reports of the administration of the act approved September 21, 1922, to make an inquiry into the cost of p:tckers ·and stockyards act, 1921, which have heretofore been pub the production of cream and of milk, swzet, sour, or buttermilk, in the lished, including among other things- United States and in those countries from which our importations or (a) A description of the present organization for the administration these dairy products come and to report its findings to the Presillent of and enforcement of said act ; the United States with the purpose that under this finding the Pre. l (b) W!Jat progress has l.leen made in obtaining information and dent may be warranted in determining and in proclaiming an increase what fucts have been ascertained from the packers subject to said act in the duties on cream and on milk, sweet, sour, or buttermilk. through reports and through audits of their books, and the present status of any litigation instituted to determine the right of the Secre UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION tary of Agriculture to have access to such books ; 1\fr. SIIIPSTEAD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent ~c) The volume of business done at public stockyard markets sub to introduce a resolution, which I ask to have printed in the ject to said act and the extent to which it bus increased or decreased ; REcORD and to lie on the table. and the volume together with the increase or decrease of business done The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, that order will by cooperative market agencies engaged in the livestock commission be made. business at such markets as compared with all other market agencies The resolution (S. Res. 147) was ordered to lie on the table in such business at such markets; and to be printed in the RECORD as follows : (d) Whether the rates and charges of market agencies and stock Resolt•ed, That the President of the Senate appoint a sp£'cia1 com yat·d owner subject to said act have increa~ed or decreased and what mittee, which shall consist of five Senators, and that such committee steps ba ve been taken to investigate or regulate such rates and charges, is hereby authorized and directed : including a report o! the formal proceedings pending, together with 1. To investigate forthwith the procedure and other activities of the those which have been terminated and the reason for such action; United States Tariff Commission under the laws affecting said com (e) What steps have been taken and what results have been ob mission, and especially under the provisions of section 315 of the tained in investigating and bringing about the cessation of discriminn tariff act of 1922, generally known as "The flexible tariff" section. torv and unfair or otherwise unlawful practices on the part of per 2. To investigate, since the enactment of the tariff act of 1922, subject to said act, including a report of the formal proceedings son~ changes in the membership of said commission, the reasons for such pending, together with those which have been terminated and the changes, the votes, written opinions, and other official nets of the reasons for such action; respective meml.lers of that commission, and the qualifications o:! the (f) What, if any, changes in said act are considered desirable in the respectiYe members of said commission including any recess appointees light of the practical experience gained in its administration and thereto, having regard for the importance of securing able and dis enforcement. interested services under the law from such members. .M:r. KENDRICK. Mr. Pre:ident. I ask unanimous consent 3. To investigate the operation and effect of said section 315, in for the immediate consideration of the resolution which I have cluding obstacle , if any, placed in the way of its fair, full, and pt·ompt just offered. enforcement; also the extent, if at all, to which the public interest The VICE PRESIDENT. I s there objection to the imme has been considered, and whether, in such investigations, the com diate consideration of the resolution? mission bas impartially, or otherwise, met the reasonable claims to Mr. CURTIS. I ask that the resolution may go over until just and equal consideration of consumers, workers, farmers, manu to-morrow. I could not distinctly hear it read, and it is a long fachu-er , and other domestic producers, and the degree, if any, to resolution. which special favors have been extended to certain preferred indl· Mr. KENDRICK. I have no objection to having the resolu viduals or groups; and to investigate the operation and effect of said tion go over, but I de ·ire to say that I shall avail myself of section with a view to ascertaining whether the policy determined by Congre!:S in said section can be effectively carried out in fairness and the first opportunity to cull up the re:::;olution. The VICE PRESIDENT. The resolution will go oyer under justice to American citizens. 4. To investigRte the charge recently made by a member of the the rule. Tariff Commission that. taken as a whole, the commis ion bas ceasetl I:'\QL:"IRY INTO COST OF PRODUCING MILK .AND CREAM to r<'present di8interested and nonpartisan indept>ndence. Mr. LENROOT. I send to the desk a resolution which I ask 5. To investigate improper pressure, if any, from whatever source, mny He over under the rule. calculated to influence members of the Taril! Commission in thPir 'l"'he VICE PRESIDENT. The resolution will be read. findings or recommendations in such investigations, which may have The resolution ( S. Res. 146) was read and ordered to lie on been brought to bear on said commission or any of its members in the table, as follows : connection with any of the commission's investigations. 6. To report to the Senate before the close of the present session Whereas :!or nearly two years the United States Tariff Commission the results of the special commHtee's investigations with respect to bas baen conducting an investigation into the cost of production of the several subject matters specified, having in view particularly butter In tlle United States and in those countries from which our fuetber legislation dealing with the qualifications of members of the importations of butter come that it might report its findings to the commission, procedural improvements which the commission should President, who might, if the facts found warrant, increase the duty on adopt in all of its investigations, and recommendations as to con imported butter ; and gressional policy with regard to amending or repealing section 315 Y\hereas many facts of great value to the butter industry of the of the tariff act of 1922. United States have been adduced by this inquiry, and the report of the Such special committee is authorized to hold public hearings; sub· commission, not yet muue. irrespective of the action of the President pama witnesses and books, rmpers. and other records, both public and thereon, is expected to be of Vel'¥ consider·able additional value; anu private; and, as part thereof, to require -the production of all papers, 1926 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3967 books, records, and reports of tlle Tarl1f Commission, excepting only I The resolution· ( S. Res. 132) submitted by :Mr. BowELL on such parts of such records or reports as the members of the com- February 1, 1926, was read as follows : mission and its agents are forbidden to reveal under tbe provisions of section 708 of Title VII of the revenue act of September 8, 1916. Re8 ozv ~a, That th~ Senate Committee on the District of .Columbia Such special committee is authorized to sit during the session or dur- b~, and I.s .hereby, directed to prepare and intro~u~e in the _se~ate a ing any recess of the Senate at snch places as it may deem advisable, bill providrng for the Government coal yard Withm the District of and any snbcommittee of such special committee, if duly authorized Columbia to supply domestic coal to the citizens of the District for by such special committee, may exercise any and all the powers con- cash and at a cost such as to cove~ the cost of t~e coal and the ban- ferred upon such committee by this resolution. dling thereof, to the end of termrnating excessive charges for fuel . . within the District now and hereafter whenever an emergency arises . Mr. SHIPSTEAD.. l\Ir. President, I a.lso ask to haye prmted and unduly high prices result, as has been the case due to the anthra m the RECORD, followmg the first resolution, a resolution passed cite coal strike now in progress. by the National Association of Farm Organizations on Feb l'Uary 3. This association represents something like 700,000 Mr. CURTIS. As the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. HowELL], farming families in the United States. The day after that who submitted the resolution, is not present, I ask that it go re olution was passed a committee representing these farmers' over. associations-the committee consisting of Mr. A. F. Schilling, The VICE PRESIDE~~- The resolution will go ov-er with of the Cooperative Creameries of Minnesota; Mr. F. E. Lam out prejudice. mers, of the Twin Cities Milk Producers' Association; Mr. INVESTIGATION OF W .ARD FOOD PRODUCTS CORPORATION C. E. Hough, of the Connecticut Milk Producers' Association ; Mr. R. Smith Snader, of the Maryland State Dairymen's Asso The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair lays before the Senate ciation; Mr. P. L. Betts, of the Union Equity Exchange of a resolution coming over from a previous day, which will be Illinois; and Mr. F. P. Willits, secretary of agriculture of the read. State of Pennsylvania-ealled upon me and presented several The resolution• (S. Res. 138) submitted tiy :Mr. LA FoLLETTE complaints that they desired to lodge with Congress looking on February 3, 1926, was read as follows: forward to some action being taken by Congress leading to an Whereas William B. Ward and his associates upon January 31, investigation of the Tariff Commission and the actions of the 1926, incorporated in the State of Maryland a holding company known commission in fixing tariff rates, particularly on agricultural as the Ward Food Products Corporation, with nominal capital of products. Two years ago the commission was asked to investi $2,000,000,000, for the avowed purpose of securing control of corpora gate the tariff on butter and casein. Hearings were closed last tions engaged in the production and distribution of all kinds of foods April, but no report has been made. Butter has dropped 10 and by-products of food; and cents in 60 days. Whereas it is the announced purpose of this food tru t to control all At some future time I shall ask that the Senate consider stages of the production and distribution of food from the farm to the t11e resolution. consumers' table ; and · . The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, the resolution Whereas the inevitable result of such a combination is to create a will be printed in the RECORD. monopoly in the prime necessities of life ; and . The resolution is as fo1lows: Whereas such a combination would control the domestic markets, RESOLUTION PASSED UNANIMOUSLY BY THill NATIONAL BOARD OF FARM and thus be in a position to dictate the price of farm prod.ucts; and ORGANIZATIONS, FEBRUARY 3, 1926 Whereas tills combination is in addition to the former mergen The United States Tari1f Commission should be abolished. Its created in the baking industry by "William B. Ward and his associates, elusive and labyrintbic method of dealing with questions of great public namely, the Ward Baking Corporation and the General Baking Corpo moment is bringing reproach on all reputable governmental agencies. Its ration of Maryland ; and unwal'l'anted delay in arriving at decisions, its prejudiced treatment of Whereas the National Food Products Corporation, with a potential parties appearing before it, its method of holding secret hearings with capitalization of $200,000,000, has been incorporated in the State of certain parties interested in matters before the commission when other 1\Iaryland to engage in and carry on the business or businesses of pro parties understand that the bearings have been closed, all have created ducing, manufacturing, preparing, purchasing, selling, and dealing in a. situ1:1. tion which approaches closely to a public scandal. milk, milk products. meats, meat products, fish, fish products, food, A just cause can not be harmed by publicity. A just commission food products, breads, biscuits, cakes, extracts, canned goods, sauces, receiving proper information and arriving at proper judgments bas no condiments, teas, coffees, candies, confectioneries, groceries, and all need of secrecy. other articles of commerce suitable for consumption and to conduct The legislative functions of government should be exercised only by each and every of such businesses as wholesalers or retailers: There Congress. We therefore recommend that the United States Tariff Com fore be .it mi sion be abolished by a special act of Congress, and that if the Con Resolved, That the Committee on Manufactures, or any subcommittee gress finds it necessary, for the purposes of obtaining information thereof, be, and it is hereby, authorJzed and directed to investigate the relating to questions of tariff, that then some agency be created which Ward Food Products Corporation, its subsidiaries and affiliated com· shall be appointed by Congress and be subject to its direction and panies, and all other corporations directly or indirectly controlled by re]]}{)val. William B. Ward or his associates, and the National Food Products We call upon the Congress to enact at this session not only Jaws Corporation, its subsidiaries and affiliated companies, and to report its which will protect those farmers who have an exportable surplus of findings and recommendations to the Senate. agricultural products, but which will also abolish the present Tarift ReBolv ea further, 'l'hat for the purpose of this investigation the Com Commission and grant adequate tariffs covering agricultural products mittee on Manufactures, or any subcommittee thereof, is authorized to suffering from foreign competition. sit during the sessions or rece ses of Congress in the District of Colum· We further ask for an immediate congres ional investigation of the bia or elsewhere, to send for persons, books, and papers, to administer acts and procedure of the Tariff Commission. oaths, to summon and compel the attendance of witnesses, and to em HOUSE BILL REFERRED ploy such personal services and incur such expenses as may be neces sary to carry out the purposes of this resolution; such expenditure The bill (H. R. 7906) granting pensions and increase of pen shall be paid from the contingent fnnds of the Senate, upon vouchers sions to certain soldiers and sailors of the Regular Army and authorized by the committee and signed by the chairman thereof. Navy, etc., and certain soldiers and sailors of wars other than the Civil War, and to widows of such soldiers and sailors, Mr. CURTIS. Let that resolution go over also, as the .was read twice by its title and referred to the Committee on Senator from Wisconsin [l\Ir. LA FoLLETTE], who submitted it, Pensions. is temporarily absent. MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE The VICE PRESIDENT. The resolution will go over with A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. Far out prejudice. rell, its enrolling clerk, announced that the House had dis THE C~l>A.R agreed to the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 1) The VICE PRESIDENT. Morning business is closed. The to reduce and equalize taxation, to provide revenue, and for calendar, under Rule VIII, is in order. The Secretary will other purposes; agreed to the conference asked by the Senate state the first bill on the calendar. on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses thereon, and that The bill (S. 1134) to authorize the settlement of the in Mr. GREEN of Iowa, Mr. HAWLEY, Mr. TREADWAY, Mr. G.ARNE:& debtedness of the Czechoslovak Republic to the T!nited States of Texas, and Mr. CoLLIER were appointed managers on the of America was announced as fu·st in order. part of the House at the conference. Mr. SMOOT. Mr. President, I ask that Order of Business SUPPLYING OF COAL BY GOVERNMENT FUEL YARDS IN DISTRICT No. 3, being Senate bill 1134, the title to which Las just been The VICE PRESIDENT. If there be no fn:rther concurrent stated, and Orders of Business Nos. 4, ·5, 6, 7, and 8, being, or other resolutions, the Chair lays before the Se.nate a resolu respectively, Senate bill 1135, Senate bill 1136, Senate bill tion coming over from a prev-ious day, which will be read. 1137, Senate bill 1138, and Senate bill 1139, may go o"Ver. 3968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 15 The YICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, the blUs will "SEc. 3. If the House of Representatives bas not chosen a Presi be passed over. dent, whenever the right of choice devolves upon them, before the time fixed f()r the beginning of his term, then the Vice President CHANGE IN DATE OF INAUGURATION chosen for the same term shall act as President until the House of The joint resolution ( S. J. Res. 9) proposing an amendment Representatives chooses a President; and the Congre s shall by law to the Constitution of the United States fixing the commence provide that In the event the Vice President has not been chosen before ment of the term of President and Vice President and Members the time fixed for the beginning of his term, what officer shall then of Congress, and fixing the time of the assembling of Congress, act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly until the was announced as next in order. House of Representatives chooses a President, or until the Senate Mr. WILLIS. Mr. President, I desire to make an inquiry chooses a Vice President. o1 the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. NoRRIS], the author of " SEc. 4. This amendment shall take e!Iect on the 15th day ot the joint resolution. He knows I am very much interested in October arter Its ratification." the joint resolution. I voted for it on a previous cccasion, and The amendment was agreed to. I think I shall vote for it again, but I question, as I did a week 1\fr. KING. Mr. President, I should like to inquire of the ago when the joint resolution came up, the advisability of Senator from Nebraska if by law Congress may not accom considering such an important matter in the morning hour. plish substantially what is sought to be accomplished by the Doe the Senator think that is wise? It is very important, and it proposed constitutional amendment? In other words, if I seems to me he ought to seek to secure its consideration at some understand the object of the proposed constitutional amend time when it can have fuller discussion than it can possibly ment, it is that after a national election the Congress elected have under the rule under which we are now proceeding. may meet at an earlier date than is now prescribed. If that Mr. NORRIS. Mr. President, this is the third time the is the principal object-and it seems to me it is-! believe joint resolution has been before the Senate. It has passed that by law Congress may fix an earlier date for the meeting the Senate twice, 9nce in the last Congress and once in the of the Congress. ll'eceding Cong1·ess, both times in practically the same form I may say to the Senator, if he will permit me, that there in which it nOJV appears, and the last time in exactly the are many reasons, it seems to me, although I do not know how same form. T.l/ere was extended debate on it on one of those appealing they may be to the Senator or to the public gen occasions, running over a couple of days. It has received a erally, why the meeting of Congress immediately after an elec unanimous report at the hands of the Committee on the Ju· tion, after we have just gone through the heat of the campaign, diciary of the Senate on each occasion. The same joint reso· is not so important. I do not quite know whether the advan lution, with some modifications, which were merely changes in tage to be gained by compulsory earlier meetings is more phraseology and a slight change in date, was reported on each important than the disadvantage; but if it is an advantage, occasion after it passed the Senate by the House committee as I have said, we can cure it, I think, by statute. We can and was on the calendar of the House when the Congress amend the present law and provide that Congress may meet finally adjourned on the 4th of March, 1925, and on the 4th at an earlier date. It seems to me that we are tinkering too of March two years preceding. much with the Constitution. I feel that any amendment of Mr. President, if this were the first time the joint resolu the Constitution ought to be scrutinized with great care and tion had appeared on the calendar, there would be some rea not lJe adopted unless the wisdom of it i "' . o appealing son I think to follow the suggestion of the Senator from Ohio and compelling that there are no arguments of any merit and to take it up at some other time ; but the Senator knows again:t it. that we are going to be crowded with a very great deal of im 1\Ir. NORRIS. Mr. President, the Senator raise a very im portant legi lation. I have no disposition to limit debate on portant question, and one that deserves an answer. Personally, · the joint resolution or anything of that kind; but, inasmuch I think there is no doubt whatever about the necessity of a as it has been once fully debated, and inasmuch as it was de con ~ titutional amendment if we woulu make the change that bated on another occasion, and quite extended hearings were is desired. held on it before the committee, at which time there was prac It is true that the Constitution says that Congress hall meet tically no opposition to it, and it was backed, for instance, on the first Monday in December annually Uille s Congress on both occasions by the American Bar Association, which hatl shall by law appoint a different date, and we could change the a committee here urging Congress to pass the joint resolution, meeting of Congress from the first of December until January I do not see any reason why we should take up the time of the if we wanted to ; but still it would be the old Congress that Senate in extended debate. For that reason. it seems to me would. meet, and on the 4th of fllarch it would die by limita that we ought to act upon it. The committee has fully con tion. of course, so that we would only make it worse than it sidered it twice. is now. Mr. "'ILLIS. I do not object; I imply question the advisa The d.ifficulty, l\Ir. President, comes from this fact : The bility of considering the joint re ·olution under the five-minute Constitution of the United States fixe ·· definitely the terms rule. of Senator at six years, the terms of Members of the Hou~e Mr. NORRIS. We are all familiar with it. of Representatives at two years, and the term of the Presitlent 1\Ir. WILLIS. I do not object. at four years; but it nowhere states when any of those terms The "\TJCE PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the consid· shall commence. The fact is that after the adoption of the eration of the joint re olution '! Constitution Congress by joint resolution fixed the day when There being no objection, the Senate as in Committee of the the Government should go into effect at the fir t Wcdue ·day Whole, proceeded to con ider the joint resolution, which was in 1\Ia rch, which happened to be the 4th of lfarch; and hence reported from the Committee on the Judiciary with an amend the Pre ident and ~lembers of the House and Sen~te all went ment on page 2, line 17, after the word " Pre ident " to strike into office, accoriling to that act of Congress, on the 4th of out "but if the House of Representatives has not chosen a March. President before noon on the 4th day of March next follow t;nder the Constitution, the :Members of the IIouse had ing, then the Vice President shall become President during right to SE:'rve for two years, the ·'Members of the Senate for the remainder of the term " ; so as to make the joint resolu six years, and the President for four years. Henee, when the tion read: Constitution got into operation without itself fixing a date when the terms should commence or when the ne\"i· Govem· Reso lrca by the Senate and House of Representati,;es of the United ment hould start, by going in on tile 4th of l\farch it had States of America in Congress assembled (two-thirds of each House con the effect of definitely fixing the term; aud tllere is no way CUJTing therein), That the following amendment of the Constitution to change the length of term of a :\Iember of the House or of be, and hereby is, proposed to the States, to become valid as a part the Senate or of the Presif!ent e:--cept by constitutional nrnE>nd of said Constitution when ratified by the legislatures of the several ment, because they are specifically stated in the Constitution. States as provided by the Constitution: To my mind, that is a ~ufficlent an wer as a matter of law. "ARTICLE - No one, I take it, would want to change the meetin"" of Con- " SECTTO~ 1. The terms ot the President and Vice Presidl'nt in gress from December to January if we did not change the office at tbe time this amendment takes effect shall end at noon ou ' term, because the short session is already too short. from De· the third Monday in January and tbe terms of Senators and Repre· cember until 1\Iarch, and that would make it still shorter. sentativPs then in office at noon on the first Monday in January, of We could fix it earlier if we wanted to. That has never been th~ year in which such terms would have ended if this article had not done, becam;e it was never possible to agree upon a time; uut been ratified, and the terms ot their successors shall then begin. if we di£1 that by statute, suppose we fixed the se sion of Con- " SEc. 2. The Congress shall assemble at least once In every year gres" to bE:'gin in January. On the 4th of Murcll we would all and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in Janaary unless they go out, because it is the end of a Congre s, and the expiration shall by law appoint a dift'erent day. of the terms of a third of the Senate aud all of the Honse, and 1926 CONGR.ESSION AL RECORD-SEN ATE 3969 every four years lt would be the expiration of the term of the able action in. the House, and therefore did not become a law. President. I can not see any distinction between the extension of the If this amendment should be agreed to, this would be the time and the cutting down of the time, unless it is to affect effect of it: We would meet in January after election. Not the term of a Member already elected; and by passing a law the old Congress, but the new one, elected in November, would that would take effect beyond the term of any present sitting actually commence to function in January following; and :Member it seems to me the same result could be accomplished th~ir term of office being, for instance, in the case of :Members by legislation as well as by constitutional amendment. of the House, two years from January, Senators six years, and I am· not opposed to the proposal of the Senator from Ne the President four years, they would not be limited in the braska. His general purpose, I think, is correct, and I shall holding of the sessions and have to quit on the 4th of March. vote for his proposal; but I ha-ve never seen why it could not In other words, we would meet annually, just as we do now, be accomplished by legislation, and I merely wanted to call at but there would be no such thing as a short session of Congress. tention to that precedent in that connection. The length of the session would be limited. only by the ex- Mr. CUMl\IINS. I think there is a very great difference piriltion of the term of the office, which would always be one between the proposal of fixing the time for the inauguration year, at least. The practical result would be that the short of the President in April and the effect of the present pro session of Congress would be abolished, and there would be posed constitutional amendment. The purpose of that bill two session in each Congress, one just like the other. although I was not here at that time, of com·se-was to secure We all know the evils of the short session of C-ongress. It a better climatic condition for Washington at the· time of the is UJinecessary to go over that subject. It has been gone over inauguration of the President. March is not regarded as a in great detail, not only in Congress and in the committee but favorable month for the ceremonies which attend the inaugu in the country. That is the evil that we want to avoid by this ration of a President; but if the new Cong1·ess is to meet in amendment-the short session of Congress-and to put the January following the election of the new Congress, I can new Congress into actual operation sooner after election. not see any way in which we can avoid shortening the terms Under existing conditions, we have an election in November; of the Members of the House and some of the Members of the a new Congress is elected; but, unless a special session of Con- Senate. I do not think it could be accomplished ; and that can gress is called by the President, the :Members do not actually not be done under the Constitution, because, as the Senator commence to function in office until 13 months after. they have from Nebraska has already said, the Constitution fixes detl been elected, and when the short session meets it is the old nitely the terms of office. Congress that meets. They may have all been defeated; but Mr. NORRIS. :Mr. President, if the Senator will yield the new Congress, although elected, is absolutely powerless to there, I am not familiar with the attempt of Senator Hoar function. _ to change this matter, as suggested by the Senator from Iowa; Another thing is, suppose the election of the President but I am inclined to think that if we looked it up we would should be thrown into the House of Representatives. It would find that the only thing the Senator from Massachusetts bad be the old Congress that would elect a new President to serve in mind was to defer the ceremonies that go with the inaugu.. for four years, although it might be possible and would always ration of the President. be probable that the old Congress had already been defeated Mr. UNDERWOOD. No; if the Senator will allow me, I for reelection at the time they elected a President to rule over desire to correct him. the country for four years. I do not know any other way Mr. NORRIS. I stand corrected. then. to meet it except by an amendment to the Constitution and by Mr. UNDERWOOD. I happened to be on the Judiciary simply fixing the beginning of the term in January. In that Committee of the House at the time, and I was a member of way we would meet all of those conditions. the subcommittee to which the bill was referred, and I have Mr. :McLEAN. Mr. President-- some distinct recollection about it. That was not the only Mr. NORRIS. I yield to the Senator from Connecticut. thing involved, because that legislation deferred the beginning Mr. McLEAN. Did the committee consider the propdety of I of the term. Of course, if the term had commenced on the limiting both sessions of Congress, say, to the 1st of June o~ . 4th of March and the ceremonies only took place in April, some other date? the Senator would be right; but that was not the purpose of Mr., NORRIS. No; that was not given consideration at any I the bill. time in the hearings. Mr. NORRIS. Very well; I stand corrected. I want to say, Mr. McLEAN. I was wondering il that would not be a good while the Senator has permitted me to interrupt him, that I plan, and to provide, of course, that the President could call do not believe this change can be brought about without chang a special se sion. ing the terms of Senators and Members of the House and the l\Ir. NORRIS. Of course, that might be done; but that is President. They must be either lengthened or shortened. In something that it would not need an amendment to the Con- stead of fixing the beginning in January we could fix it in April stitution to provide. I want to say to the Senator, however, or May and lengthen the term of those in office. This thing that whenever you fix by law in advance, either by constitu- is not so important, however, as one would think. It will tional amendment or by statute-and we could fix it by stat- only change the term of office from the 4th of March to the 1st ute-the day when a session of Congress must terminate you of January, about two months. In practical effect it will have are treading on dangerous groun.d. In other words, you are• l but very little effect, because, fo. r instance, if it took place during always making it possible, when you fix a definite day for ad- the term of a President who subsequently was reelected he journment in advance, for filibusters to take place and be would go right on, and the same way with Members of the successful. House who were reelected and Members of the Senate who were Mr. CUMMINS. Mr. President, to emphasize the point made t·eelected. by the Senator from Nebraska, it seems well to say at this In any event it can not make very much of a change, and time that the question raised by the Senator from Utah [Mr. for practical purposes in that respect will be really no change ~o] has been twice very ca1·efully examined by the Judiciary whatever. If we extend the term of those in office over to May, Committee since my connection with that committee, and each let us say, we will eliminate then ·the best part of the year time the committee has reached the conclusion that it is im- I for legislative work. Everybody knows that when we run into possible to accomplish the purpose that is de.sire Mr. OVERMAN. Mr. President1 was not this land at one have now in the Treasury I do not feel that we w~uld have to time condemned? make very much of an appropriation to purchase this land and :Mr. FERNALD. Yes; it was. It is a very interesting story. have the Government own it and stop paying that rental of 1\Ir. OVERMAN. Is not the value stated here more than the $75,000. condemnation price? Mr. SWANSON. Mr. President, will the Senator yield for 1\fr. W A.RREN. Mr. President, if the Senator from Maine a minute? will yield to me, I will say to the Senator from North Carolina Mr. FERNALD. I yield; yes. that we provided long ago for buying all of this land, and Mr. SWANSON. If the Government does not buy this prop purchased a considerable part of it at open sale between buyer erty now, and four or five or six years go by, we shall be and seller, and the rest was appraised in condemnation pro compelled to buy it to have a proper approach to the Capitol. ceedings. Then, on account of the changing of administrations Mr. FESS. At a good deal higher price. and changing of legislative committees, and so forth, some Mr. SWANSON. When buildings have been put up there thinking the price was too high and others allowing it to lie and the Government determines ultimately to have a proper dormant, nothing was done until the war started, and then approach to the Capitol it will cost three, four, five, or ten the war brought on what the Senator has so well described. times as much as it will cost now. It was a great mistake Mr. OVERMAN. What is the difference between the price not to have purcha ed this property in 1913 and 1914. before now proposed to be paid for the land and the price fixed by the war began. If it bad been acquired then, either by con the commissioners who condemned it? demnation or by other process, we would have it now. It is Mr. FERNALD. Of course, Mr. President, we can not say utterly impossible for a great Nation like this to continue to what the price would be. I will say that the railroad people have approaches to the Capitol such as we have now. are anxious to sell. They have had an opportunity to sell These people have waited for years and years, and have not to the parties who are building this large hotel right opposite constructed any buildings on this land. They are not going here. This takes in all of the property from North Capitol to wait any longer. We shall have to spend thousands and Street down to Second Street and New Jersey Avenue. thousands of dollars more if the property is not taken now. Mr. OVERMAN. Was not the reason why we did not pur There is a b~g demand for land near the Capitol and the depot, chase because the price was too high? and if buildings are put up on this land ultimately the Gov Mr. FERNALD. No; I will tell the Senator the exact reason ernment will have to condemn the buildings and pay for the why we did not purchase. It is rather a long story, but I will property. be as brief as possible. I favor, and favored years ago, buying this property. It was In 1914, after the condemnation proceedings bad taken included in the tract to be purchased and was delayed on ac place and the court had determined the value of the property count of the war. I believe that the best time to buy this land and what price should be paid to the railroad company, some is now; and if we do not buy it now, we will pay two and three Member of the other House felt that if the matter was taken and four times more for it later. That is the conviction I have. from the courts and placed in the hands of a commission the Mr. FLETCHER. Mr. President-- property might be purchased for a lower price than the court Mr. FERNALD. I yield to the Senator from Florida. had declared. That commission had been acting for a little Mr. FLETCHER. Is it intended eventually to remove all of more than two years. During the two years they had pur the buildings, and include aU this property in the Capitol chased these three lots, and the other seven were still not Grounds? purchased when the Pre~ident was obliged to take over the Mr. SWANSON. Yes; for a park. property and build upon it. It is unfortunate that the power Mr. FLETCHER. As part of the park system? house and the laund1·y, buildings which are necessary to carry Mr. SW .ANSON. Yes; but there is no use in removing the on these hotels, are on the railroad property. buildings until the land is condemned and the plans for the Let me say to the Senator from Utah that in the long period park are completed. Until that is done it would be better to that we have operated these hotels for many years we averaged leave tbe buildings as they are. After we have done that the l,i>OO girls, and, of course, the more we had the less expense buildings can be removed. we were under, until now the number has gotten down to It is utterly impossible to have a magnificent Capitol like about 1,250. The last report was 1,251. Still that is a great this of the greatest nation in the world, and have all kinds of many. The last report showed a loss in six months. of $14,000; buildings right next to the Capitol and unde~ no control as far but during the summer the number of girls was cut down to as the Government is concerned. I will guarantee that if we about 1,000. Now it is increa~ing. I suppose we have perhaps do not buy this property now and make a park out of the land, 1,300 there now, and it is hoped that we may break even in in 5 or 10 years, or even 2 or 3 years, whatever the time is, the next six months. we will have to pay four or five tjmes the amount for it. 1\1r. KING. The last six month the hotels were operated at Mr. FERNALD. That is the history of all these purchases. a loss? Mr. KENDRICK. Does this proposed acquisition include all Mr. FERNALD. At a lo."s of $14,000. the territory that the Government will need in completing the Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, may I ask the Senator grounds between here and the station? whether those in charge are undertaking to curtail the number Mr. FERNALD. So far as I know, this completes the pm: accommodated there? chase of all the property that is required in that direction. 1926 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3975 Mr. KENDRICK. I think the Senator has well said that :Mr. KING. It is recommended by the War Department, I whatever it may cost now, it would cost more later on. presume? Mr. SWANSON. The committee examined this matter Mr. WADSWORTH. Oh, yes. thoroughly. I was a member of the committee. We looked The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, at the different blocks, and this is all that I think we need to ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third complete a proper 8.lld good approach and park between the iim,e, and passed. Capitol and the depot. CAPT. CURTIS L. STAFFORD ~lr. McKELLAR. l\!r. President-- The bill (S. 1481) to authorize the President to appoint Mr. FERNALD. I yield to the Senator from Tennessee. Capt. Curtis L. Stafford a captain of Cavalry in the Regular l\lr. McKELLAR. Can the Senator tell us as to the nature of Army was considered as in Committee of the Whole and was the title of the railroad company? Do they hold this property read, as follows: in fee simple, or was it merely condemned for railroad pur poses? Be 1t enacted, etc., That the President of the Cnited States be, and 1\!r. FERNALD. They own the property. They have an hereby is, authorized to appoint, by and with the advice and consent ab ·olute deed to the property. I do not know about the title. of the Senate, Curtis L. Staft'ord a captain of Cavalry in the Regular Mr. COPELAND. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? Army of the Cnited States with rank from July 1, 1920 : Prov ided, Mr. FERNALD. Yes; I yield to the Senator. That no back pay or allowances shaH accrue as a result of the passaga l\lr. COPELAND. Does the proposed purchase include all of this act and there shall be no increase in the total number of that is marked in red on the map? captains of the Regular Army now authorized by law by reason of the Mr. FERNALD. All that is marked in red; yes. passage of ~is act. Mr. COPELAND. Does it include this property at F and 1\Ir. WADSWORTH. Mr. President, I will say to the Sena Second Streets? tor from Utah [Mr. KING] who, I see, is about to ask about l\Ir. FERNALD. The yellow is the District property and the it, that this is not a new appointment. This man is now in blue is owned by the Government. the Army, and has been for some time, as a commissioned Mr. COPELAND. Now it is proposed to buy all that is officer. They got the date of his birth wrong. It made a marked in pink? I am very much in favor of it. I hope it will change in his relative rank in the grade of captain. This is be done. really to have him reappointed and put him in the proper Mr. KING. Mr. President. I desire to ask the Senator a place relatively on the promotion list in accordance with his que tion. I notice that the Vice President and the Speaker of age. the House and the Architect of the Capitol are constituted a The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, commission to institute the suit. Is not that a rather singular ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third arrangement? time, and passed. Air. FE~NALD. It is the same form that we had before in EASEMENTS UPON PUBLIC MILITARY RESERVATIONS the original bill of 1905. The bill (S. 1482) to authorize the Secretary of War to grant Mr. · KING. Of course I have no doubt that Congress could easements in and upon public military reservations and other authorize anybody to bring the suit, but I was wondering why it lands under his control was considered as in -Committee of the was not brought in the name of the Government itself, or the Whole 8.lld was read, as follows : District of Columbia, instead of the Vice President and the Speaker of the House. Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, Mr. FERNALD. It was necessary to name somebody. authorized and empowered, under such terms and conditions as are Mr. SWANSON. I should like to say that some people deemed advisable by him, to grant easements for rights of way over, desired to include more of this land than the committee thought across, in, and upon public military reservations ·and other lands under was wise, but we have simply included in it what we thought his control, for gas, water, and sewer pipe lines, to any citizen, asso was necessary. We have not extended it any farther than we ciation, or corporation of any State, Territory, or possession of the thought was just and proper in order to provide suitable United States: Prot•ided, That such rights of way shall be granted approaches to the Capitol. only upon a finding by the Secretary of War that the same will be in The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill is before the Senate as in the public interest and will not substantinlly injure the interest of Committee of the Whole and open to amendment. If there be the United States in the property affected thereby: ProL·ided ftwther, no amendment to be proposed, the bill will be reported to the That all or any part of such rights of way may be annulled and for Senate. feited by the Secretary of War for failure to comply with the terms The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, or conditions of any grant hereunder or for nonuse or for abandon ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, ment of rights granted und~r the authority hereof: And provided and passed. further, That the Secretary of War shall include in his annual report to the President a full and complete statement of each and all ease PROMOTION OF PROFESSOR AT MILITARY ACADEMY ments granted, which statement shall also include the name and The bill (S. 2274) providing for the promotion of a professor address of the grantee, the purpose of the grant, and the benefits at the United States Military Academy was considered as in accruing to the United States or to the public therefrom. Committee of the Whole and was read, as follows : The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, Be it enacted, etc., That any officer of the United States Army now ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, holding the position of permanent professor at the United States Mili and passed. tary Academy, and who on July 2, 1921, would have become entitled to ISSUE OF ARMS AND AMMUNITION TO PROTECT PUBLIC MO NEY A~D his promotion to a col Now, for the first time, Mexico City is beginning to have some TREASlJRY AND POST OFFICE APPROPRHTIO~S thieg like an adequate milk inspection. "Vaccination fallen into dis use bad brought its i11evftable local smallpox epidemics. Vaccine Tbe Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, resumed the con inoculations are now taking place by the hundreds of thousands sideration of the bill (H. R. 5959) ~aking appropriations for under compulsion. A determined war is being waged on venereal tlle Treasury and Post Office Departments for the fiscal year diseuse. Of course, only the merest beginning has been made in the ending June 30, 1927, and for other purposes. effort to clean the A.ugcan stable of Mexicnn ill health, but that very Mr. WARREN. Mr. President, we -have with us this after beginning establishes a precedent. President Calles himself has told noon the chairman of the Committee -on Post Offices and Post me more than once that in matters of health he is a firm believer in Roads [Mr. MosEs], who has to leave the city to-night. We dictatorship, and the political and mercenary infiuences which formerly need his presence very much, and we should like now to turn rose to block efforts to protect the health and life of the Mexican to page 47. people are no longer tolerated. The reading of the bill was resumed, beginning on page 47, This, then, is the summary of President Calles's first year. It line 8. takes no note of many undertakings begun and projected-roa1s, The next amendment was, under the subhead " Office of Lhe schools, inigation works-of the slender beginnings of a cooperative First Assistant Postmaster General," on page 53, line 17. to movement, of tendencies still undefined toward democratization, toward increase the appropriation for compensation to watchmen, mes political and social emancipation. It has been the practical achieve sengers, laborers, and substitutes from $7,384,600 to $7,88-±,GOO. ment of a hard-headed business man, who, before indulging in frills l\Ir. KING. Mr. President, I notice on pages 53 and 54 a and theory, has sought to meet the nation's immediate daily bread number of increases. Without challenging attention to each and butter problem. Figures of bank balances and obligations paid one separately, may I ask the Senator what justification tlwre may be unpicturesque, but they are the only foundation on which was for increasing the rather liberal appropriations which were the superstructure of Mexican social progress can hope to rest granted by the Bouse? securely. On the basis of the demonstrable it is no exaggeration to l\Ir. MOSES. Mr. President, tlle Senator will remember tllat say that the last year has shown more advance than any other eqmll under the salary increase bill a lump sum was added to the period in Mexican history, that Calles has done more than the mr, t pay schedule of the Post Office Department On top of all tuat, hopeful optimists expected of him, that be has done as much as any the Senator will remember, there is the provision for the auto one human being could do, and that he is the only man in Me'dco matic promotions in the various grades of the service, carrying who could have done it. to every individual so promoted an automatic increase in ~;al What, then, is the reverse of the m('dal? To answer this ade ary, up to the maximum provided by the salary law. quately it is necessa.ry to look beyond Calles at the crushing burden In addition to that, particularly with reference to the item he inher·ited not merely from 14 years of revolutionary chaos but on lines 16 and 17, page 53, which was the item being read from a hundred years of misgovernment and semianarchy since the when the Senator from Utah rose, ~ further increase was neces begiJining of Mexico's independence, and back of that from three sitated there because of the increase in tlle number ne~es centuries of colonial misrule. It is necessary to weigh current sary under those schedules. In other words, the Postal s~rv achievement against the ambitious and idealistic program of lifting ice has been using an interchangeable system~ of employees, the Mexican millions from their submerged state of ignorance and whereby clerks are employed to do much of this watchman and wretchedness into the position of a self-governing, happy, prosperous, messenger work, and it became necessary to increase the num and enlightened people. ber of personnel under this classification in order that the The weakness of the Calles administration is that he has had to higher class should not be doing the lower-class work ; and do it a.Il himself. The ideas that he has put into effect are his own. p1·ovision is made further on, I think the Senator will discover, The impulse and energy to carry .them out he has himself supplied. where reduction is made in the appropriations below the esti The human material which has been developed or rather which has mates in order to take care of that. I would say further, for not developed out of the long-continued atrophy of self-government the information of the Senator, that the total amount carried and on which he must count for collaboration is painfully inadequate. in the bill is more than $2,000,000 less than the estimates. Despite the tremendous improvement, some of the government minis Mr. KING. If the Senator will permit me to submit a few tries are scarcely functioning. The efforts of the President to restore remarks and ask him a few questions, I shall l>e very glad. the credit of the nation are damaged hy the shiftlessness and ineai Mr. MOSES. I am glad to have the Senator do that. clency of department beads and subordinates. Substantial business Mr. KING. I would like to ask the Senator whether his men whose aid the government should welcome are allowed to cool committee is continuing its work "'ith a view to increasing their heels in ministerial nntechambers until they throw up their the returns from the department, so as to meet the deficit hands in disgust. " Graft" still exlsts in some federal departments which the recent salary act created. My recollection is that and is unabated in many states. President Calles feels keenly the some of the proponents of that measure, when it was under lack of men to fill important places, men who combine ability and consideration during the last session of Congre-ss, insisted honesty with an enlightened social outlook. But he pt•obably has that it would create no deficit, but the able SEmator, the not made the best use of the· material available. His judgment has chairman of the committee, insisted that it would, and his been impaired at times by personal loyalty. Unfit men still retain high judgment, of course, has been entirely vindicated. The Senator office. Nor has President Calles abandoned the custom of "letting believes, I know, in trying to have the departments, so far down easily" into a diplomatic post or luxuriant foreign mission, as possible, self-supporting-at least this department-and I offenders who, were they lower in the official scale, would be merely was wondering what steps were being taken by the Senator's dismissed. Outside of the federa l official family are the State gov committee in this investigation-and that means largely by ernors who could effect within their own proyince and on a corre the Senator himself-to recoup the losses which are sustained sponding scale the same kind of vigorous reconstruction that Presi on account of the large salary increases which were made at dent Calles has in the national government. Only three or four are the last session of Congress. · e.ven making the attempt. President Calles, Calles the teacher, tries Mr. MOSES. The Senator's question is somewhat compli hopefully to breathe life into these mummies. They listen respect cated, but if he will permit me to answer it in my own way fully and perhaps start back with good intentions, but there the at the time the salary increase bill was before the Senate my matter ends. estimate was that it would cost $68,000,000 a year, which esti It is a tragic irony that a Mexican President who realizes that the mate has been fully sustained. In addition to that, how@ver, political structure must rest evenly distributed on many piles and is the Senator will remember that Congress, in its wisdom, dicl supremely desirous of delegating authority and apportioning respon not make synchronous the increases in salaries and the in sibility has so far, with a few notable exceptions, been unable to do so. creases in rates which the bill of l!~ebruary 28 carried, and we This is one of his great problems during the remaining years of his had th1·ee months and a half of the increased salaries without administration. As it is, be is now the hardest working man in the any benefit accruing from the increased I'a tes which very Republic, cheerfully violating the constitutional proviso that calls for materially increased the cost of the department for the current an eight-hour day and one day's rest in seven. I have seen him at the fiscal year. end of 14 hours of continuous grind leaning back in his chair with Then on top of that, as I said to the Senator, came the in utter physical exhaustion imprinted on his rugged features. His re creases in the salary schedules necessitated by the automatic sponsibilities have aged him visibly. Yet be is wholly optimistic, annual promotions. l\!y estimate, as stated to the Senate at always serene, dedicated solely to his ta.sk, eschewing as far as he can the time of the passage of the salary bill, was that the in public ceremonies and gala functions, the trappings of his high position. creased salary rates provided in the bill of February 28 would He deserves success if ever a man did. He is the first Mexican Presi produce at least $46,000,000 of additional revenue. I regret dent to whom the supreme office has ceased to mean anything but an to say that I can not tell the Senator now whether my esti opportl;nity for service. In one short year be has won universal mate was correct or not. I am still of the opinion that when respect and the warm affection of all those who have come to know him we get from the Post Office Department the collated figures personally. I ventru·e to prophesy that he will go down in Mexican showing the total postal revenues for the year we will find history as " Calles the Reconstructot·." that the detlclt @ tne Post Ofilce Depa~t!!le!!t fo~ the Ye!l~ 3984 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN .A.TE FEBRUARY 15 will be not appreciably more than it is under normal condi say a sponsor..,hip, but some method of preventing the pub tions. For example, a · I recall, the deficit in the Postal lication of so many of the departments of a lot of matter for Service last year was $29,000,000, which would normally be which no one asks and which seems to me can not be justi made up this year unuer the normal increase of between fied. Publications come to my desk every day from some of 6 and 7 per cent. It is my opinion that we Rhall find that the the departments which no one reads, which are absolutely deficit in the Postal Sen·ice this year will be hardly more than valueles. , and I was wondering whether any steps were being the normal e ·timate. taken to re h·ict the character of such publications, or at least Coming to the other question which the Senator propounded, the number of publications, by the various executive and semi I do not aoTee with him fully that the Post Office Department executh·e departments of the Government. ..,bould be made a completely self-supporting institution. I Mr. MOSES. That is a matter which does not of neces think that tlte general public opinion with reference to the sity come within the purview of the Committee on Post Offices Po~tal Service is that it exists, as its name indicates, to render and Post Roads, but it does happen to be a matter with which Fen-ice, and service, of course, costs money. Therefore I think I am somewhat familiar, because, before assumiug the chair W@ • hould never try to make the Postal Service a money manship which I now have, I was chairman of the Committee making institutiol'l; that we should try, as the Senator stated on Printing of the Senate and chairman of the Joint Com his question later, to bring it as nearly as possible to being mittee on Printing. Much of the duplication which has been a self-sustaining institution. I think that may be brought taking place of Government publication has been done away about. The . pecial committee on postal rates is still at work. with. It may be of interest to the Senator to know that in It is awaiting, a I said before, the collated statistics from the the last three years the Joint Committee on Printing caused department. That does not mean that we are not considering the abandonment of some 180 different periodical publications all phaF;e of the question, so far as we can consider them which were being issued by various bureaus of the Govern v.-ithout tho e stati'3tics. ment and which bad to be carried through the mail free of I may say to the Senator ful'ther that the members of the charge. In that particular performance we managed to kill F:petial committee are giving consideration to certain propo als two birds with one stone. ·we cut down the printing bill and. which have been advanced, notably by the Federation of Farm we 1.'ecluced the charge upon the Postal Service. Bureaus, for some form of reconstruction within the service Mr. KING. Has the Senator any information as to the and some form of general reorganization of the Postal Service, method of bookkeeping or accounting in the department? The with a dew to instituting economies which may be had by reason why I ask arises out of the fact that I have recei"red reason of increa ed facilities for conducting the postal busi perhap 8 or 10 complaints recently, 8 or 4 coming from men who nes and by reason of many of the modern business methods are accountants of ability, in which they stated that an which should be applied to a large business institution like the archaic method of accounting existed in the department, that Postal Service. it did not furnish adequate or suitable or accurate informa In nddition to that, may I say to the Senator, the special tion as to the expenses in many of the lines of a<:ti"rity of the committee hope. to produce a report and secure its adoption by department, and no one could tell just what a particular Congress through which the Post Office Department may secure branch of the service cost, what the los.· was or what the gain proper credit for the work whith it now does free of charge was. I was wondering whether that matter had received the for the yarious departments of the Government. While I am attention of the committee. ou that subject I want to take this occa ion publicly to say Mr. MOSES. Yes. Of course, that matter lies at the bottom that the criticism leveled at the Congress for what has been of what the special joint committee is undertaking to do, as~erted as an exces·ive and abnormal cost imposed upon the namely, to fix an adequate schedule of postal rates. I think Po. tal Service by the use of the congressional frank has no the criticism which has been expressed by the correspondents sub~iantial foundation. The amount of franked matter sent to whom the Senator refers is mea. urably correct. The so through the mail by all Senators and all Representati'res is of called cost-ascertainment report which was produced by the small consequence compared with the entire Yolume of mail department something more than a year ago was, as the Sen matter carried. As a matter of fact, the cost per Senator and ator will remember, very severely attacked as being inaccu per Repre entative is much le s than $1,000 a year, and when rate in that it consisted of a series of extensions through 12 one considers the enormous volume of mail which every Sena months of statistics gathered in one month. I think that the tor and every Repre entative neces:o:;arily must have, that, I accounting system in the Post Office Department could very submit, is not a sum which should cau e the criticism which easily be much affected for the benefit of the service and the ha. been heaped upon Congre s. ta1..'1>ayers by instituting some modern method of accountiug Ur. KING. Does that include the hundreds of letters from which would enable anybody to tell what the co t of trans constituents which many Senators and Representatives are acting a particular branch of the Postal Service is. But the compelled to an wer each day? Senator, with much longer experience here than I, will readily Mr. 1IOSES. It includes not only that, but it includes every agree with me that the force of inertia in Washington is con document, every farm bulletin, every speech, every bit of siderable ancl that it takes a \ery great deal of effort e\en to franked matter which goes out und.er our franks. The great start in motion any such reform as that, to say nofhing of co t in the Po -tal Service is not the franked matter sent out carrying it through to its end. by Senators and Repre entatives; it is the penalty matter sent out by the departments, and on account of that I submit-! Mr. KI.KG. It is worse than inertia. It is almost deadly think my colleagues on the special committee agree with me in its monotony and in Hs failure to move. I know that at that tile Post Office Department should have some bookkeeping tacking the forces of bureaucracy is like attacking Gibraltar. credit for that. The Post Office Department gets no favors Mr. ~rOSES. I shall not quarrel with the Senator about from other departments. We appropriate in this bill sub his terminology. stantially $1,000,000 with which to pay the Bureau of Engraving Mr. WILLIS. Mr. Pre ident, can the Senator without em and Printing for the postage ·tamps which are used in the barra sruent, though I know it will not embarrass him, give rost Office Depaxtment, but if the Bureau of Engraving and us some idea of how soon the committee will report? I have Printing wants to send out 100,000 communications, the Post hacl some inquiries with reference to it. Office Department carries that mail free of charge and gets no 1111·. MOSES. The only answer I can make is to say for credit for it whatever. my elf, and I think for every other memuer of the committee, Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. Pxesident, if the Senator will permit two of whom at least are in the Chamber at thi minute, that me, in fmther an wer to the question of the Senator from we are desirous of (li posing of the que tion a soon as po - Utah, my recollection is that the figures disclose that all the sible for two reasons. We want to get rid of the detail work mail, including speeches and other public documents, sent out which the task imposes upon the committee. We want to by all Senators and all Representatives costs the Government produce a permanent scale of po~tal rate so the business about $350,000 a year. people of the country may know the conditions under which Mr. MOSES. That is for 531 men. they must carry on their business so far as postal rates are Mr. McKELLAR. For G31 men. To ascertain how small an concerned. effect that bas upon the department as a whole, all the Senator Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, I join in what the Senator will have to do will be to compare that relatively insignificant from New Hampshire said about the purpose of the committee. sum of $350,000 with the $7,000,000 expended by -the depart \Ve are desirous of getting the matter through just as soon as ment. The Senator can readily see that the amount of franked po. sible. In this connection may I ask the Senator if he has matter sent out by Senators and Representatives is so small as heard anything further from the Postmaster Genetal as to to make any critici~m on that accotmt absurd. when he will give us the figures? Mr. KING. May I say to the Senator at this time, though l\lr. MOSES. I mm~t repeat to the Senator from Tenne:o:;see it i illterrupti11g the continuity of his very splendid exposition the answer which I made to him from the chair the other of the matte1·, that it seems to me there ought to be, I will not evening, which was in the negative. 1926 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3985 Mr. McKELLAR. I think as soon as possible we ought to only in its costs but in its usefulness and business efficiency. get the information, so the committee may have it in order to It is one of the best managed departments of the Government. make our report as quickly as may be. I think, considering the enormous amounts of money involved, The next amendment of the Committee on Appropriations that the losses from theft and grafting and other forms o! was, on page 53, line 19, to increase the appropriation for com losses that have actually come to the Government are very, pensation to clerks in charge of contract stations from $1,500,000 very small in this great department. For the most part it is to $1,734,000. well run and well managed. It is certainly a splendid system, The amendment was agreed to. a system of which our people should be very proud. If the The next amendment was, on page 54, line 2, to Increase the Senator wants to understand my particular pride in the postal appropriation for rent, light, and fuel for first, second, and system of the United States, all that is necessary for him to do third class post offices from $16,450,000 to $16,495,000. is to go to any other counb·y and compare our system with The amendment was agreed.to. theirs. The next amendment was, on page 54, line 4, to increase the It is very unfortunate that private interests like those appropriation for miscellaneous items necessary and incidental who are interested in the tubes are able to get hold of tbe to post offices of the first and second classes from $1,502,000 to system for purposes of their own. Of course they have the $1,602,000. argument that they have their money invested, and want an The amendment was agreed to. adequate return, but there is no adequate compensation to the The next amendment was, on page 54, after line 18, to Government for the use of the tubes. inert: 1\Ir. KING. The statement made by the Senator from Ten For the rental of not exceeding 2 miles of pneumatic tubes, not nessee, it seems to me, justifies some further explanation as including labor and power in operating the samt>, for the transmission to the item of $526,373 for the transmission of mail by pneu of' mail in the city of Boston, Mass., $24,000 : Prot:ided, That the pro matic tubes or other similar devices in the city of New York visions not inconsistent herewith of the acts of April 21, 1902, and and for the establishment of a pneumatic tube system in the May 27, 1908, relating to the tra'nsmission of mall by pneumatic tubes city of Boston. or other similar devices, shall be applicable hereto. May I say that several years ago when the matter was quite Mr. McKELLAR. This particular amendment deals with the acute I gave considerable attention to it. I read the state Boston tube appropriation. I want to say that it was adopted ments emanating from the Post Office Department and made by the committee by a very considerable majority over my some investigation, and it seemed to me that the position of vote and protest. If I thought it were possible to have it the Postmaster General was not only tenable, but was correct. changed on the floor of the Senate, I certainly would under I was amazed when . I read that the system had been estab· take to raise the question, but I do not believe, in view of lished again in New York. what the Senate has done in the matter of the New York Mr. MOSES. That was two years ago. tubes, that there would be any possibility of getting it to Ur. KING. I was not here, probably, or at least I di EXEC"GTIVE SESSION date of acceptance, with rank fTom 1\Iarch 21, 1926, vice Maj. Mr. CURTIS. I move that the Senate proceed to the con Gen. Malin Craig, Chief of Cavalry, nominated for appointment sideration of executive business. as major general of the line of the Army. The motion was agreed to, and the Senate proceeded to the PROMOTIONS IN THE REGULAR ARMY consideration of executive businl:'ss. After 10 minutes spent in Maj. Charles Augustine Thuis, Infantry, to be lieutenant col executive session the doors were reopened, and the Senate (at onel from February 7, 1926. 5 o'clock and 25 minutes p. m.) adjourned until to-morrow, Capt. Edward Tifi:ln Comegys, Finance Department, to be Tuesday, February 16, 1926, at 12 o'clock meridian. major from February 7, 1926. NOMINATIONS To be captains Executive nominations 1·eceit·ea by the Senate February 15, First Lieut. Marvin Wade )Jarsh, Infantry, from February 5, 1926 1926. First Lieut. Holland Spencer Chamness, Infantry, from Feb UNITED ST.ATES ATTOR~EYS ruary 7, 1926. Edward E. Hindman, of Mississippi, to be United States First. Lieut. Julian Horace George, Infantry, from February attorney, southern district of Mississippi. (A reappointment, 8, 1926. his term ha,ing expired.) First J~ieut. William Camillus Kabrich, Coast Artillery Corps, William D. Coppernoll, of Alaska, to be United States from February 11, 1926. attorney, third di,ision, district of Alaska, vice Frank II. Foster, appointed by court. To be first lieutenants John S. Murdock, of Rhode Island, to be United States Second Lieut. Frank Joseph Spettel, Infantry, from Febru attorney, distlict of Rhode Island, 'ice Norman S. Case, term ary 5, 1926. expired. Second Lieut. Burwell Baylor Wilkes, jr., Infantry, from Randolph Bryant, of Texas, to be United States attorney, February 7, 1926. eastern district of Texas. (A reappointment, his term having Second Lieut. John Barry Peirce, Infantry, from February 8, expired.) 1926. UNITED STATES 1\I.ARSHALS Second Lieut. James Raymond Goodall, Coast Artillery Charles R. Ligon, of Missi'3sippi. to be United States marslu1l, Corps, from February 11, 1926. northern distr1ct of 1\Iissi~sippi, vice John H. Cook, appointed POSTMASTERS United States attorney. ALABAMA John C. Orrick, of Montana, to be United States marshal, disb·ict of l\lontana, vice Rolla Duncan, resigned. ·winston C. Shotts to be postmaster at Hackleburg, Ala., in Chester N. Leedom, of South Dakota, to be United States place of E. ll. Sullins, resigned. marshal, district of South Dakota, vice John Rooks, appointed Alice Wilkinson to be postmaster at Prattville, Ala., in place by the court. of Alice Wilkinson. Incumbent's commission expired February 1-!, 1926. SOLICITOR OF THE TREASURY Stella K. Martin to be postmaster at Plantersville, Ala., in Robert J. Mawhinney, of Pennsylvania, to be Solicitor of place of S. K. Martin. Incumbent's commission expired Febru the Treasury, vice Richard R. 1\lcl\:lahon, retired. ary 14, 1926. CoLI.ECTon. OF CuSTOMS Jewell Sorrell to be postmaster at Jamison, Ala., in place of John C. McBride, of Juneau, Alaska, to be collector of cus Jewell Sorrell. Incumbent's commission expired February 14, toms for customs collection district No. 31, mth headquarters 1926. at Juneau, Alaska. Reappointment. Wiley l\I. nean to be poRtmaster at Clanton, Ala., in place of .Judson LaMoure, jr., of Pembina, K Dak., to be collector of "'· ~I. Bean. Incumbent's commission expired February 14, customs for customs collection district No. 34, with headquar 1926. ters at Pembina, N. Dak. Reappointment. Elennor F. Whitcher to be postmaster at Bridgeport, Ala., in place of E. F. Whitcher. IncumiJent's commission expired Feb JUDGE OF THE MUNICIPAL COURT, DISTRICT OF CoLuMBIA ruary 14, 1926. James A. Cobb, of the District of Columbia, to be a judge of James F. Brawner to be postmaster at Andalusia, Ala., in the Municipal Court, District of Columbia, vice Robert H. Ter place of J. F. Brawner. Incumbent's commission expired Feb rell, deceased. ruary 13, 1926. COAST AND GEODETIC S"GRVEY Helen M. Jones to be postmaster at Whistler, Ala., in place The following-named officers of the Coast and Geodetic Sur of A. E. Welch. Incumbent's commission expired December 20, vey to the positions named : 1925. Benjamin F. Beesley to be postmaster at :\IcKenzie, Ala., in Aid, ~citlb relative 1·ank of en-sign in the Navy place of B. F. Beesley. Incumbent's commission expired De Edward Robert McCarthy, of l\fassachusett ·, vice V. A. cember 20, 1925. Powell, resigned. ARKAN ~-\S Francis Bartholomew Quinn, of Massachusetts, vice P. C. Doran, promoted. Claude G. Felts to be postmaster at Alicia, Ark.. in place of . Emil Herman Kir~ch, of South Dakota, 'ice V. A. Bishop, C. G. Felts. Incumbent's commission expire(} November 17, promoted. 1925. Hem·y James Healy, of North Dakota, vfce B. Williams, CALIFOR~IA promoted. Grace R. Ashbriuge to be postmaster at A val on, Calif., in Leonard Carl Johnson, of Massachusetts, vice H. J. Peter place of 1\I. E. Trout, removed. son. resigned. Nellie K. Cushing to be postmaster at :Martinez, Calif., in Ira Taylor Sanders, of Tennessee, vice W. E. Strohm, re place of N. K. Cushing. Incumbent's commission expired Feb signed. ruary 2, 1926. CoAsT GuARD John P. Day to be postmaster at Woodlake, Calif., in plare Lieut. (Junior Grade) (Engineering) Herman H. Curry of .T. P. Day. Incumbent's commission expired February 10. to be a lieutenant (Engineering) in the Coast Guard of the 1926. United States, to rank as such from September 30, 1925. Arthur M. Becker to be postmaster at Visalia. Calif.. in pl!lce of A. d. Becker. Incumbent's commis ion expired February APPOI~TMEXTS IN THE REGULAR ARMY 10. 1926. GENERAL OFFICERS Loring N. Kirk to be postmaster at Upland, Calif., in place Brig. Gen. Malin Craig (major general, Chief of Cavalry) of L. N. Kirk. Incumbent's commission expired February 10, to be major general from 1\larch 21, 1926, vice Maj. Gen. 1926. Charles T. 1\lenoher, to be retired from active service March Patrick P. O'Bri<'n to be postmaster at Los Angeles, Calif., 20, 1~26. in place of P. P. O'Brien. Incumbent's commission expired Col. Henry Grant Learnard, Infantry, to be brigadier genet·al February 10, 1926. from March 21, 1026, vice Brig. Gen. Malin Craig, nominnted Thomas H. Faus to be postmaster at Lindsay, Calif., in place for appointment as major general. of T. H. Faus. Incumbent's commission expired February 10, 1926. CAVALRY Theodore H. Zimmerman to be postmaster at Fillmore, Calif., Col. Herbert Ball Crosby, Cavalryt to be Chief of Cavalry, in place of T. H. Zimme1 man. Incumbent's commission ex with the rank of major general for a period of four years from pired February 10, 1926. 1926 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-SEN ATE 3999 William H . Nicholson to be postmaster at Ben Lomond, William 0 . McCurdy to be postmaster at l\Iassena, Iowa, in Calif., in place of W. B. Nicholson. Incumbent's commission place of W. C. McCurdy. I ncumbent's commi sion expired Feb expired February 10, 1926. ruary 10, 1926. Joseph F. Carroll to be postmaster at Bell, Calif., in place of KANSAS J. F. Carroll. Incumbent's commission expired February 10, ·Elmer E . Haynes to be postmaster at Madison, Kans., in 192G. place of E . E . Baynes. Incumbent's commission expired Feb COLORADO ruary 15, 1926. Grace Conrad to be postmaRter at Olney Springs, Colo., in E. Ervin Town~din to be postmaster at Hugoton, Kans., in place of Grace Conrad. Incumbent's commission expires Feb place of E. E . Townsdin. Incumbent's commission expires ruary 16, 1926. February 16, 1926. Rachel Crawford to be postmaster at Cortez, Colo., in place Sidney H. Knapp to be po tmaster at Concordia, Kans., in of C. II. Pollard. Incumbent's commission expired December place of S. H. Knapp. Inired February 9, 1D26. . Leander C. Gregory to be postmaster at Croton Falls, N. Y., Joel W. Sever to be po tmaster at Hurdland, Mo., in place m place of L. C. Gregory. Incumbent's commission expired of J. W. Se-rer. Incumbent's commission expired February 2, February 14, 1926. 1926. Truman Y. Burr to be postmaster at Cochecton, N. Y., in Peter S. Ravenstein to l.Je postmaster at Hayti, ·Mo., in place place ofT. Y. Burr. Incumbent's coinmi ·sion expires February of P. S. Ra-renstein. Incumbent's commi sion expired November 16, 1926. 2~. 1925. . E. Adelbert Totman to be postmaster at Cincinnatus, N. Y., Arthur F. Goetz to be postmaster at Canton, l\Io., in place m place of E. A. Totman. Incumbent's commi sion expires of A:. F. Goetz. Incumbent's commission expired ~ovember 19, February 16, 1926. 10~3. . Fred H. Woolshlager to be po.stmaster at Castorland, N. Y., 1'.10.:'\TA::-l"A. m place of F. H. 'Yoolshlager. Incumbent's commi sion expired Emil Heikkila to be postmaster at Roberts, Mont., in place of February 14, 1926. J. J. Pietila, deceased. Clare_nce B. Kewhouse tTo be postmaster at Bloomingburg, Philip Daniels to be postmaster at Anaconda, Mont., in place N. Y., rn place of C. B. Newhouse. Incumbent's commission of Philip Daniel . Incumbent's commission eA.""Pires February expires February 16, 1926. 15, 1926. Ccarles Ray to be postmaster at Barker, N. Y., in place of Jessie Z\1. Tripp to be postmaster at Gardiner, Mont., in place Charles Ray. Incumbent's commission expires February 16 of J. i\I. Tripp. Incumbent's commission expired February 1926. ' 3, 1!)26. Freel A. Shoemaker to be postmaster at Averill Park, N. Y., :KEBRASKA. in place of F. A. Shoemaker. Incumbent's commission expired Elsie B. Tllompson to be postmaster at Wynot, Kebr., in place February 14, 1926. of E. B. rrhompson. Incumbent's commission expires February Lester J. Taylor to be postmaster at Arkport, N. Y., in place 16, 1926. of L. J. Taylor. Incumbent's commission expired February Gilbert E. Swan on to be po~tmaster at Oshkosh, Nebr., in 14, 1926. place of G. E. Swan..;on. Incumbent's commission expires Feb Baxter H. Betts to be postmaster at Argyle, N. Y., in place ruary 16, 1926. of B. H. Betts. Incumbent's commission expired February 14, Milton L. Pittenger to be po··tmaster at Crab Orchard, Nebr., 1926. in place of M. L. Pittenger. Incumbent's commission expires Bunell Vastbinder to be postmaster at Addison, ~. Y., in February 16, 1926. place of Burrell Yastbinder. Incumbent's commission expired Frank N. Thomson to be postmaster at Winnebago, Nebr., in February 14, 1926. place of F. N. Thomson. Incumbent's commis. ion expired John G. Cole to be postmaster at ·waterford, N. Y., in place February 9, 1926. of J. G. Cole. Incumbent's commission expired January 21, Blanche Snyder to be postmaster at Oconto, Nebr., in place 1926. of Blanche Snyder. Incumbent's commission expired February Clarence B. Dibble to be postmaster at Sidney Center, N. Y., 10, 1926. in place of E. A. Howes. Incumbent's commis ion expired Isaac A. Reneau to be postmaster at Broken Bow, Nebr., in December 22, 1925. place of I. A. Reneau. Incumbent's commission expired Febru l\1am1e B. E-rans to be postmaster at Machias, N. Y., in place ~f. ary~. 1926. of B. Evans. Incumbent's coremission expired November NEW HAMPSHIRE 17, 1925. John A. Gleason to be postmaster at Dublin. N. H .. in place Ella Babcock to be postmaster at Lake Huntington, N. Y., of J . .A.. Gleason. Incumbent's commission expires February in place of Ella Babcock. Incumbent's commi~sion expired February 10, 1926. 15, 1926. NEW MEXICO r\ORTH C.A.ROUNA Charles C. Lee to l.Je po ·tmaster at Las Cruces, N. :Mex., in Wallace A. Reinhardt to be postmaster at Kewton, N. C., place of C. C. Lee. Incumbent's commission expires February in place of "\V. A. Reinhardt. Incumbent's commission expired 15, Hl26. February 13, 1926. NEW JERSEY John R. Rollins to be postmaster at Bessemer City, N. C., William H. Cottrell to be postmaster at Princeton, N. J., in in place of J. R. Rollins. Incumbent's commission expired place of W. H. Cottrell. Incumbent's commission expired February 13, 1026. February 10, 1926. Abram L. Alexander to be postmaster at. Plymouth, N. C., Clark P. Kemp to be postmaster at Little Silver, N. J., in in place of A. L. Alexander. Incumbent's commis~ion expired place of C. P. Kemp. Incumbent's commission expired Febru February 10, 1926. ary fO, 1926. NORTH DAKOTA NEW YORK • Anna E. Reimers to be postmaster at Max, N. Dak., in place Willis J. Stone to be postmaster at "'est Chazy, N. Y., in of C. C. Reimers, remo-red. place of W. J. Stone. Incumbent's commission expired Feb 0-ridia G. Black to be postmaster at Werner, N. Dak., in ruary 14, 1926. place of J. M. Lewis. Incumbent's commission expired .Novem Lewis L. Erhart to be postmaster at Pleasant Valley, N. Y., ber 17, 1925. in place of L. L. Erhart. Incumbent's commission expires Joseph J. Simon to be postmaster at Thompson, N. Dak., in February 16, 1926. place of J. J. Simon. Incumbent's commission expired Febru Leo F. Wixom to be postmaster at North Cohocton, N. Y., ary 9, 1926. B. in place of C. Stoddard. Incumbent's commission expired OHIO November 17, 1925. McKenzie B. Stewart to be postmaster at l\Iooers, N. Y., in Allen G. Bogart to be postmaster at Columbus Grove, Ohio, in place of M. B. Stewart. Incumbent's commission expired Feb place of A. G. Bogart. Incumbent's commission expired Febru ruary 14, 1926. ary 14, 1926. 1926 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 4001 Carl Ledman to be postmaster at Byesville, Ohio, in place of George E. Kemp to be postmaster at Philadelphia, Pa., in Carl Ledman. Incumbent's commission expired November 17, place of G. E. Kemp. Incumbent's commission e1.:-pired Feb 1925. ruary 2, 1926. Earl R. Burford to be postmaster at Minerva, Ohio, in place Newton E. Palmer to be postmaster at Oxford, Pa., in place of E. R. Burford. Incumbent's commission expired February of N. E. Palmer. Incumbent's commission expired February 10, 1926. 13, 1926. Charles E. Schindler to be postmaster at Coldwater, Ohio, Frederick V. Pletcher to be postmaster at Howard, Pa., in in place of C. E. Schindler. Incumbent's commission expired place of F. V. Pletcher. Incumbent's commission expired No February 10, 1926. vember 18, 1925. Herman W. Davis to be postmaster at Bedford, Ohio, in place Elmer D. Getz tq be postmaster at Akron, Pa., in place of of H. W. Davis. Incumbent's commission expired February 10, E. D. Getz. Incumbent's commission expired February 13, 1926. 1926. OKLAHOMA 'Yilliam H. Yoder to be po tma ter at New Kensington, Pa., Logan G. Hysmith to be postmast~r at Wilburton, Okla., in in -place of W. H. Yoder. Incumbent's commission expired place of L. G. Hy mith. Incumbent's commission expired January 30, 1926. January 18, 1926. SOuTH CAROLINA Bernie A. Cockrell to be postmaster at Tonkawa, Okla., in Eugene B. Mack to be po. tma "ter at Elloree, S. C., in place of place of B. A. Cockrell. Incumbent's commis ion e:~:-pired Feb J. A. Parler, resigned. ruary )3, 1926. Loring Terry to be postmaster at Yemassee, S. C., in place of Edwin B. Minich to be po tmaster at Eldorado, Okla., in Loring Terry. Incumbent's commission expires February 15, place of E. B. Minich. Incumbent's commission expired Feb 1926. ruary 13, 1926. Jasper E. Johnson to be postmaster at Gray Court, S. C., in Edward McKim to be postmaster at Prague, Okla., in place place of J. E. Johnson. Incumbent's commission expired Feb of L. M. Newhou. e. Incumbent's commission expired Novem ruary 14, 1926. ber n. 1925. William ~- Thornton to be postmaster at Enoree, S. C.. in Lee R. Johnson to be po. tmaster at Olustee, Okla .. in place place of B. P. Lamb. Incumbent's commis ion expired Novem of L. R. Johnson. Incumbent's commi sion ~xpired February ber 2, 1925. 10, 1026. SOUTH DAKOTA Walter S. Florence to be postmaster at Madill, Okla., in place of W. S. Florence. Incumbent's commis~ion e:A})ired Harry l\I. Bardon to be postm~ster at Rockham, S. Dak., in February 10, 1926. place of H. l\1. Bardon. Incumbent's commis::;ion ex-pires Feb Charles L. Bell to be postma. ter at Lindsay Okla., in place ruary 16, 1926. of U. L. Bell. Incumbent's commission expired February 10, Sidney N. Dorwin to be postmaster at :.llidland, S. Dak., in 1926. place of S. N. Darwin. Incumbent's commission expired Febru Jason A. N. Horton to be postmaster at Htmter, Okla., in ary 9, 1926. place of J. A. X Horton. Incumbent's commission expired Harley H. Cable to be postmaster at Hudson, S. Dak., in February 10, 1926. place of H. II. Cable. Incumbent's commission expiJ.·ed Febru Walker D. Guthrie to be postma ter at Granite, Okla., in ary 9, 1926. place of W. D. Guthrie. Incumbent's commis ion expired Fre 1\l.ARINE CoRPS NORTH DAKOTA Norman G. Burton to be colonel. Eldor G. Sagehorn, Stanton. Charles R. Sanderson to be lieutenant colonel. TEXAS TO BE MAJORS William C. Kenyon, Amarillo. John L. Doxey. Benjamin A. Moeller. John W. Ward, Big Spring. ·John A. Gray. Archibald Young. Hugh B. Eades, Blo om. Paul C. Marmion. Harold C. Pierce. Joseph N. Johnson, Dalhart. Lowry B. Stephenson. Harry K. Pickett. Charles E. Bradford, Decatur. TO BE FIRST LIEUTENANTS Oscar Yeager, Ringgold. Peter G. Luca , San Antonio. Guy B. Beatty. Ivan W. Miller. John G. Clausing. Joe N. Smith. WEST VIRGINIA Jolm M. Greer. Louis E. 1\larie, jr. 1\ladge ::U. Adkins, Hamlin. William E. Maxwell. Arthur J. Burks. Clay A. Wilcox, Piedmont. Clarence R. 'Valluce. James S. Monahan. Ronald A. Boone. John A. Bemis. WISCO. SIN Charles 'S. Finch. John C. 1\IcQueen. William 0. 1\Ic"llahon. Cumberland. Paul B. Watson. Howard N. Kenyon. John E. Himley, Wabeno. William B. Onley. William N. McKelvy, Robert D. Foote. Andre V. Cherbonnier. WITHDRA.W ALS James H. Strother. William W. Davies. E(l'~cutit:e 1tominations 1cithdrazcn frcnn the Senate February PosTMASTERs 15, 1926 ALABAMA First Lieut. :Marvin Wade :Marsh, Infantry, to be captain, Robert Patterson, Selma. from February 2, 1926. All KANSAS Second Lieut. Frank Joseph Spettel, Infantry, to be first lieu 'Valter E. Glasco, Bigelow. tenant, from February 2, 1926. Lola E. Fergeson, Havana. Samuel C. Scott, Wbeetley. CONNECTICUT HOUSE OF REPRESE~TATIVES William H. S. McEwen, Glenbrook. ~Io:?~.~AY, February 15, 1926 FLORIDA The Bouse met at 12 o'clock noon. Cecilia E. Kilbourn, Carrabelle. The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera .Montgomery, D. D., offered Donald A. Flye, Haines City. the following pr.ayer : William C. Johnson, J en"' en. Agnes l\1. Moremen, J\laitland. Ble ed Lord God, Thou dost for us exceeding abundantly Orville L. Bogue, Oxford. more than we can ask or think. We know Thee by all the "Bonnie B. Wilson, Sneads. words that bring us joy, peace, and hope. In a world with IDAHO such partial glimp ·es and broken lights we give Thee our deep est gratitude for such wonderful ble sings. These are the Lowell H. Merriam, Grace. greatest truths of life. 0 merciful God, may we have fine con Hansom l!. Coburn, Lewiston. ceptions of sacrifice and service. Strengthen us with a solemn Homer E. Estes, Mo. cow. and fixed determination to judge and measure all ptoblems Well. :McEntire, Pre ton. with an enlightened conscience. When our sunset is ~the Charle Brebner, St. Maries. shore, the river, and the hill, by the light of the cross may Jo. eph 0. :McComb, Troy. we :find our way home. Amen. ILLINOIS The Journal of the proceedings of Saturday was read and Otto W. J. Henrich, Des Plaines. approved. Bruce C. Krugh, Homer. Guy R. Correll, Hutsonville. INDEPEXDENT OFFICES APPROPRIATIOX BILL John W. Miller, OkaWTille. l\Ir. WOOD, from the Committee on Appropriation., and by Elza F. Gorrell, Newton. direction of that committee, reported the bill (H. R. 9341) Robert ~lurphy, Tilden. making appropriations for the Executive Office and sundry in KANSAS dependent executive bureaus, boards, commis ions, and offices Sloan E. Cathcart, Mayetta. for the :fi cal year ending June 30 1927, and for other purpo e (Rept. No. 285), which was read the fir t and econd time and, KE~TUCKY with the accompanying papers, referred to the Union Calen II enry I. Neely, Hazel. dar and ordered to be printed. William E. Winslow, Wingo. . Mr. SANDLIN reserved all points of order. MISSISSIPPI Lily B. 1\la.xwell, Camden. THE REVENUE BILL Charles B. Turner, Elli ville. l\Ir. GREE~ of Iowa. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent Thomas A. Chapman, Friar Point. to take from the Speaker's table the bill H. R. 1, the revenue Mattie B. Catching, Georgetown. bill, disagree to the Senate amendments, and agree to the con Robert J. E. Barwick, Glen Allan. ference asked for by the Senate. Mary E. Herring, Madison Station. 1\lr. SOSNOWSKI. )lr. Speaker, I object. Marion W. Thornton, Pachuta. Mr. GREEN of Iowa. Then, ~lr. Speaker, I move that the Enfield Wharton, Port Gibson. rule be suspended and the resolution which I send to the desk NEBRASKA be passed. Ralph R. Brosius, Valentine. The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the re olution. The Clerk read as follows : NEW YORK Mr. GREE:-< of Iowa moves to suspend the rules and pass the follow John B. Houghton, Indian Lake. ing resolution : Eugene F. Gorse, Jefferson. 11 House Resolution 135 Milton C. Armstrong, Long Eddy. William B. Voorhees, Ro coe. 11 Resolved, That the bill (H. R. 1) to reduce and equalize taxation, Frank Wright, Salem. to provide revenue, and for other purposes, with the amendments of Charles H. Huntoon, Sayville. the Senate thereto, be taken from the Speaker's table; that the Senate Winfield Mcinty1·e, Woodbourne. amendments thereto be disagreed to; that the conference requested by .August Abt, Woodridge. the Seuate on the di agreeing votes of the two Houses thereon be agreed to; and that the Speaker, without intervening motion, appoint NORTH CAROLINA tbe managers on the part of the House." Grover L. Harbin, on, Maiden. Cecil M. Griffin, Rural Ball. The SPEAKER. Is a second demanded?