1926 CONGRESSIONAL R.ECORD-SENATE 3959 By Mr. CBINDBLOM: A bill . (H. R. 9318) authorizing the bill to increase the pensions of veterans of the· Spanish-Ameri­ President to appoint James B. Dickson a second lieutenant of can War, their widows and orphans; to the Committee on the Air Service in the Regular Army of the United States; to Pensions. the Committee on Military Affairs. 679. Also, resolutions of the Connecticut State Council of By Mr. COYLE: A bill (H. R. 9319) to authorize certain Americanization Workers, favoring a more prompt considera­ officers of the United States Navy to accept from the Republic tion of naturalization cases; to the Committee on Immigration of Chile the Order of .Merit, first class, and the Order of Merit, and Naturalization. second class ; to the Committee on Naval Affairs. 680. Also, resolutions of the Connecticut State Council of By Mr. FISH: A bill (H. R. 9320) granting an increase of Americanization Workers, favoririg the ·amendment of the pension to Catherine Mann ; to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ present immigration law; to the Committee on Immigration sions. and Naturalization. · Also, a bill (H. R. 9321) for the relief of William H. Stone; 681. By Mr. GALLIVAN: Petition of Local No. 25, National to the Committee on Military Affairs. Federation of Federal Employees, Boston, Mass., recommending By Mr. GARBER: A bill (H. R. 9322) granting a pension equitable distribution among all employees of the customs serv­ to Martha M. Starr ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ice of any additional appropriation to the customs service at Also, a bill (H. R. 9323) granting a pension to Mary L. Boston for. the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1926; to the Com­ Bird ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. mittee on Appropriations. By Mr. HARDY: A bill (H. R. 9324) removing the charge of 682. Also, petition of Bernard J. Rothwell, president Bay desertion from the name of George A. McKenzie, alias William State Milling Co., Boston, Mass., recommending favorable con­ ·A. Williams; to the Committee on Military Affairs. sideration of Honse bill 4798, providing for a reorganization of By Mr. HAWLEY: A bill (H. R. 9325) for the relief of the Government service; to the Committee <1b Rules. Horace G. Wilson; to the Committee on Claims. 683. By Mr. GARBER: Petition of executive representatives Also, a bill (H. R. 9326) for the relief of Lincoln County, of the Ex-Soldiers' Cooperative Association, of Birmingham, Oreg.; to the Committee on Claims. Ala., protesting against certain alleged discriminations against By Mr. KELLER: A bill (H.- R. 9327) proYiding for a negro citizens and requesting consideration of existing condi­ survey of the Mississippi River from St. Louis, Mo., to St. tiolls of inequality; to the Committee on World War Veterans' Paul, Minn. ; to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. Legislation. By Mr. SCHAFER: A bill (H. R. 9328) granting a pension 684. Also, petition of committee representing 4,500 members to Albert P. Leavitt; to the Committee on Pensions-. of State legislatures, indorsing the Senate bill repealing the By Mr. LEAVITT: A bill (H. R. 9329) granting a pension Federal inheritance tax; to the Committee on Ways and to Stephen B. Lovett; to the Committee on Pensions. l\Ieans. By Mr. McFADDEN: A bill (H. R. 9330) granting a pen­ 685. Also, statement of the Detroit Board of Commerce with sion to Florence Fitzwater; to the Committee on Invalid respect to the Watson-Parke1· bill; to the Committee on Inter- Pensions. state and Foreign Commerce. · By Mr. MAGEE of New York: A bill (H. R. 9331) granting 686. By Mr. LEAVITT: Resolutions of the Woman's Clubs an increase of pension to Ella J. Motsiff ; to the Committee of Albion, Belgrade, Shelby, Baker, and Boulder, Mont.; the on Invalid Pensions. Tuesday Study Club, of Kalispell, Mont. ; the Acton, Mont., By Mr. MANLOVE: A bill (H. R. 9332) granting a pension Farm Women's Club; and the Bomer Club, favoring exten­ to Mary H. Maulsby; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. sion of the provisions of the Sheppard-Towner maternity act; Also, a bill (H. R. 9333) granting a pension to John A. to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Maples; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 687. By Mr. O'CONNELL of New York: Petition of the New Also, a bill (H. R. 9334) granting an increase of pension to York State Legislative lloard, Brotherhood of Locomotive Fire­ Caroline E. Moore; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. men and Enginemen, favoring the passage of Honse bill 7180 and By Mr. MURPHY: A bill (H. R. 9335) granting an increase Senate bill 2308, seeking a substitution for the labor section of pension to Mary J. Shields; to the Committee on Invalid of the transportation act; to the Committee on Interstate and Pensions. Foreign Commerce. By Mr. NEWTON of Minnesota: A bill (H. R. 9336) grant­ 688. By Mr. RAINEY: Petition of the bakery and confec­ ing an increase of pension to Charles V. Stevens; to the Com­ tionery workers of Jacksonville, Ill., protesting again t the mittee on Pensions. formation of a bread trust; to the Committee on Interstate By Mr. PARKER: A bill (H. R. 9337) granting an increase and Foreign Commerce. of pension to Frances M. Nelson; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 9338) grantiD.g an increase of pension to SENATE Mary A. Nolan; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. PURNELL: A bill (H. R. 9339) granting an in­ lfoNDAY, Feb1--uary 15, 19~6 crease of pension to Mary J. Riley ; to the Committee on In­ The Chaplain, Rev. J. J. Muir, D. D., offered the following valid Pensions. prayer: By Mr. TABER: A bill (H. R. 9340) granting an increase of pension to Jennie Page; to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Gracious Father, we turn our thoughts toward the throne sions. of grace and ask for guidance in the day's duties. May we realize how important it is to keep in touch with Thee, to PETITIONS, ETC. get wisdom from Thine mfinite resources, and to realize that whatever comes we can be conscious of peace with Thee, with Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, petitions and papers were laid a desire to advance peace in the world. Hear us, we beseech on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: of Thee, and glorify Thyself in the duties of this day. Through 674. By Mr. CONNERY: Resolution adopted by the Ba­ J esns Christ our Lord. Amen. varian Reading and Progressive Club of Lawrence, Mass., favoring the return of alien enemy property seized by the The Chief Clerk proceeded to read the Journal of the pro­ United States during the war ; to the Committee on Interstate ceedings of the legislative day of Monday, February 1, 1926, and Foreign Commerce. when, on request of Mr. CURTIS and by unanimous consent, 675. Also, resolution adopted by the Turner Tigers, of Law­ L.. } further reading was dispensed uith and the Journal was rence, Mass., favoring the return of alien enemy property approved. seized by the United States during the war ; to the Committee MESSAGE FROM THE HOUl E on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. Hal­ 676. Also, resolution adopted •by the Corporal Gordon E. tigan, one of its clerks, announced that the House had passed Denton Post, No. 319, Veterans of Foreign Wars, protesting the bill (H. R. 7906) granting pensions and increase of pen­ against the sentence given Col. William Mitchell; to the Com­ sions to certain soldiers and sailors of the Regular Army and mittee on Military Affairs. Navy, etc., and certain soldiers and sailors of wars other than 677. By Mr. DAVEY: Petition signed by 34 voters in Lorain the Civil War, and to widows of such soldiers and sailors, in County, Ohio, protesting against House bill 4002, a bill to pro­ which it requested the concurrence of the Senate. hibit the sale of pistols, revolvers, and other firearms of the like form, etc.; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign ENROLLED BILL SIGNED Commerce. The message also announced that the Speaker of the House 678. By 1\Ir. FENN: Resolution of Leonard Wood Camp, No.1, had affixed his signature to the enrolled bill (H. R. 183) pro­ of Hartford, Conn., favoring the passage of Honse bill 98, a viding for a per capita payment of $50 to each enrolled mem- LXVII--250 3960 COXGRESSION AL RECORD-SEN ATE l.Jer of the Chippewa Tribe, of Minnesota, from the funds stand­ Mr. KENDRICK presented a memorial signed by over 200 ing to their credit in the Treasury of the United States, and citizens of Lincoln County, Wyo., remonstrating against any it was thereupon signed by the Vice President. extension of the boundaries of the Yellowstone National Park SETTLEMENT OF SHIPPING BOARD CLLIMB which was referred to the Committee on Public Lands and The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communi­ Surveys. cation from the chairman of the United States Shipping Board, lie also presented a petition numerously signed l>y sundry transmitting, pursuant to law, a report of arbitration awards citizens of Washakie County, praying for the maintenance of or settlements of claims agreed to since the previous session the eighteenth amendment to the Constitution and the Volstead of Congress by the United States Shipping Board and/or Act, and opposing the increase in alcoholic content of commer­ United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation, cial beverages and the admission of light wines and beers, which v:hich, with the accompanying document, was referred to the was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. Committee on Commerce. PHILIPPINE INDEPE~DENCE NORTH PLATTE PROJECT, NEBRASKA-WYOMING (8. DOC. NO. 63) Mr. KING. Mr. President, before ta1.'ing up the calendar I The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communi­ ask unanimous consent for the reading of a resolution tra~s­ cation from the President of the United States, with an mitted to me by the Provincial Board of Tayabas at Lucena, accompanying letter of the Director of t!le Bureau of the Philippine Islands, January 6, 1926. 'rhe resolution declares Budget, transmitting a suplemental estimate of appropriation that, irrespective of party affiliation or religious beliefs, the from the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation Philippine people are unanimous in their desire for inde­ (North Platte project, Nebraska-Wyoming), the fiscal year pendence. I have received other resolutions of a similar char­ 192G, to pay a jml.gment rendered against the United States acter from various parts of the Philippine Islands, and ask that· l>y the United States District Court for the District of Wyo­ they, as well as the one which I desire shall be read, be re­ ming, amounting to $9,600, which,. with the accompanying ferred to the Committee on Territories and Insular Possessions. papers, was referred to the Committee on Appropriations and 'l'be VICE PRESID:IDNT. Is there objection? Without oiJ­ jection, it will be so ordered. ordered to be printed. · The resolution referred to is as follows: REPORT OF OPERATION OF RAiLROADS (8. DOC. NO. 64) The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communi­ EXCERPT FROM 1.'HE MINUTES OF THE REGULAR MEETIXG HELD BY Tftll OX cation from the chairman of the Interstate Commerce Com­ PROIIXCIAL BOARD OF TAYABAS AT LUCE:-IA JANUARY 6, 1926 mission, transmitting, in compliance with the Senate Resolution Present: Bon. Filemon E. Perez, provincial governor; Mr. Jose P. 100, submitted by Mr. REED of Pennsylvania and agreed to Veluz, member; l\lr. Aurelio Nava, membet·. January 4, 1926, a statement giving information relative to the Absent : None. number and nature of reports which the Interstate Commerce I Resolution 11 Commission now requires to be made by the railways of the Whereas Senator Kr:-~o, of Utah, has advocated b!.'fore the Unitl'd country; a statement as to the number and nature of reports States Congre s a bill providing for the immediate independence of the required by the various utilities commissions and public- Philippines ; and service commissions of the separate States to be made by the Whereas the said bill fully interprets tbe genuine desit·e of the people railways; certain information regarding the expense to the of these islands to enjoy the blessings of their own free goHrnment, railways of making said reports, and a statement concerning for which so many dear lives were sacrificed within the last 40 years; the number and nature of the reports now required by the and commission which, in its judgment can be dispensed with Whereas the Filipino people, irrespective of party atlUiation and without detriment to the public interest, which was referred religious beliefs, are unanimous in their clamor for independence; and to the Committee on Interstate Commerce and ordered to be Whereas the provincial board of Tayabas believes that it is the printed. earnest desire of our people to have an alJsolt~tely independent govern- PETITIONS AND ME~!ORIALS ment of their own; and M:r. WILLIS presented a petition of sundry citizens of Whereas the plebiscite bill recently approved by the Pbllippine Legis· Bellefontaine, Ohio, praying for the passage of legislation lature has been vetoed by his excellency the Governor General, thus pro·riding for the naturalization and dC'portation of aliens, depriving the people of these islands of the opportunity to express and for the I'egistration of aliens, which was referred to the their real opinion regarding the question of independence : Be it there- Committee on Immigration. fore He also presented resolutions adopted by the Hawaii Educa- Resolred, To express through this resolution the sincere gratitude tion Association at Honolulu, Hawaii, favoring the passage of of this body to Senator KrxG, of Utah, for his sympathy and love of legislati9n to relieve the teachers of Hawaii from the alleged the ft·eedom of the Filipino people; and discrimination imposed upon them by the Federal income tax ReJol,;ea further, That the said bill fostered by Senalor KING he as law, which were referred to the Committee on Finance. hereby adhered to by this board in the name of the inhabitants of thi He also presented a resolution adopted by the fourteenth an- Province. nual convention of the League of Ohio Sportsmen at Colum- Approved unanimously. bus, Ohio, fa-voring the passage of the so-called Federal public I hereby certify to the correctness of the above-quoted resolution. shooting ground game refuge bill, which was referred to the E. P. EsTRELLA, Secretary. Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. To 8enator KixG, of "Ctah, He also presented a petition of members of the National Trashington, D. C. Ca~h Register Co. Rifle Club at Dayton, Ohio, praying for the Mr. KING. 1\Ir. President, I sincerely hope that the chair- elimination of the 10 per cent tax on arms and ammunition in man of the committee will, at an early date, convene the com­ pending tax legislation, which wa. ordered to lie on the table. mittee for the purpose of considering these resolutions and the Mr. PEPPER pre .~entC'd a memorial of the Philadelphia bill I have pending before the committee providing for the (Pa.) Board of Trade, remonstrating against the passage of withdrawal of the United States from the Philippine hlands as measures for farm relief of an uneconomical nature. and fayor- soon as the inhabitants of the islands haYe adopted a repub­ ing the granting of constTnctive farm relief without ignoring lican form of government and ha-ve created the necessary gov­ the usual methods of financing and orderly marketing, which ernmental machinery to take over the duties and responsibilities wa~ referred to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. incident to the political control of the archipelago. He also presented a memorial of the Philadelphia ( Pa.) This subject recei-ved attention at the last ·ession of Congreds, Board of Trade, remonstrating against the passage of Senate and a ..Jmila r hill which I then offered was considered by the bill 2289. to stimulate commerce in agricultural products, etc., committee. In my opinion it should have been favorably re­ which was referred to the Committee on Agriculture and ported with minor amendments, but opposition was ma.nife ted Forestry. by the administration, and the committee failed to report the Mr. -n·ARllEN presented u petition signed by 291 citizens of bill, although all Democrats upon the committee were in favor Wr.shal.de County, Wyo., praying for the maintenance of the of granting independence to the Filipinos. eighteenth amendment to · the Constitution and the Volstead Mr. WILLIS. Mr. President, in reply to the suggestion which Act, and opposing the increase of alcoholic content in commer- has been made by the junior Senator from 'Ctah I desire to cial beYerages and the admission of light wines and beers, say that. so far as the chairman of the committee has anything which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. to say about the matter, he is perfectly willing to give friends He also presented a petition of sundry citizens of Wyoming, of the resolution a hearing at any time. and is also willing that praying for the passage of legislation to amend the existing those opposed to the legislation may have a hearing. copyri .... ht law so as to inclucle mimeogrupbic copies as well as The Senator from Utah, however, will recall that some copies made by the photo-engraving process, which was referred time ago, when this matter was l> Pfore the committee, the to the Committee on Patents. friends of the resolution had very extended hearings, while 1926 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3961 those who were opposed to the resolution had very slight oppor­ there are some Americans at :Manila and other parts of the tunity to be heard. When the matter is again taken up there islands who are anxious for the United States to annex the will be opportunity for both sides to be heard very fully. islands. They believe their interests will best be promoted Mr. · Kl:NG. Mr. President, if I may trespass upon the time if the islands remain under the flag of this Repul.Jlic. They of the Senate for a moment, I desire to observe that no one, do not see the Filipinos' point of view. They are not disinter­ as I remember the proceedings before the committee, was <'le­ ested, they are there temporarily for gain and profit, and it is nied opportunity to combat the bill which I had offered or quite natural that they should assume the attitude they do. oppose any legislation looking to granting political independence But, Mr. President, there is a question vital and important to the Filipinos. Representatives of the administration ap­ at stake in this matter. We have no right to superimpose our peared and strongly voiced their opposition to the terms of my authority upon alien peoples and to compel them to renounce bill, or to any legislation which had for its object the execution their aspirations for political independence and freedom, and of the provisions of the Jones Act imd the granting of the to accept the status of a subjugated people. The Filipinos right to the Filipinos to establish such form of government as are a spirited race ; they struggled against Spanish domination m.et their desires. and achieved their independence. We conquered them and The Jones Act, as Senators will recall, was a distinct and imposed American rule over the lands which were theirs, and definite promise upon the part of the United States that they which their fathers had inhabited for centuries. would withdraw then· sovereignty over the Philippine Islanns Undoubtedly they can not govern themselves as well as we and recognize their independence as soon as " a stable form are governed. They may not apply the principles of democ­ of government " was established therein. That act was in­ racy to their political and economic lives with the sa.me terpreted by the American people as a solemn pledge that the facility and success as they are applied in this Republic. But United States would soon withdraw from the Philippine Archi­ they prefer their own government to an alien rule, thougb pelago and turn over to the Filipinos the entire and absolute their efforts may not produce the same standards of justice aE control of the islands. It was a recognition of the fact that have been attained by the American people. But progress iE the Filipinos had made great progress· industrially, economi­ a plant of slow growth ; and true progress comes from within cally, culturally, and politically; that they had developed a and not from without. The Filipinos are animated by a desire national conscience, and pos essed those qualities which would for- justice and for liberty, and having before them the achieve· enable them to organize and maintain an independent govern­ ments of this Republic, I feel sure that, given their independ· ment and to take their station among the independent powers ence, they will march forward along the path of honor and will of the earth. not depart from the highway that leads to peace, prosperity, It is true there were some Americans who insisted that the and freedom. flag of the United States should never be removed from those Mr. WILLIS. One other statement, Mr. President. The far-off islands, and that they and their inhabitants should be fact that the Senator from Utah makes the statement as he held indefinitely by this Government. These Americans of does in absolute sincerity shows the necessity for further in­ whom I am now speaking were unwilling to grant to the quiry and further hearing. 'Vhen he says that the people are Filipinos a territorial form of government or statehood, or the absolutely a unit upon this proposition, he is entirely mistaken rights of American citizenship. The islands were to be held as to the facts. . for exploitation and the people would be governed by Congress The VICE PRESID~~T. The resolutions presented by the and by such laws as it might choose to enact. That is the im­ Senator from Utah will be referred to the Committee on Terri­ peralistic point of view; it is not the American point of view. tories and Insular Possessions.

It is not in harmony with the ideals of Jefferson or Lincoln REPORTS OF ~ COMMITTEES or the fundamental prin~iples upon which this Republic is Mr. McMASTER, from the Committee on Military Affairs, to founded. We may not hold indefinitely alien peoples under which was referred the bill ( S. 1859) for the relief of Patrick our flag. The American people never contemplated that this C. Wilkes, alias Clebourn P. Wilkes, reported it without amend­ Government would have colonial possessions· or hold, outside ment and submitted a report (No. 180) thereon. of the Constitution, alien peoples living in far-off lands. The Mr. CUMMINS, from the Committee on i.he Judiciary, to Philippine Islands do not belong to the United States, nor which was referred the bill ( S. 989) to amend section 129 of has our National Government the right to indefinitely retain · the Judicial Code relating to appeals in admiralty cases, re­ sovereignty over them and their people. ported it with an amendment and submitted a report (No. I know there is an extensive propaganda now being carried 181) thereon. on in the United States against Philippine independence and .Mr. DILL, from the Committee on Irrigation and Reclama­ to compel Congress to violate its solemn promise as declared tion, to which was referred the bill ( S. 2663) authorizing the in the Jones Act. This propaganda is supported by some Secretary of the Interior to cooperate with the States of Idaho, Americans in the Philippine Islands and by some within the Montana, Oregon, and Washington in allocation of the waters United States who are more concerned in b·ade and com­ of the Columbia River and its tributaries, and fc:- other pur­ merce than they are in justice and liberty. I protest against poses, and authorizing an appr.opriation therefor, reported it Congress yielding to these selfish and materialistic demands without amendment and submitted a report (No. 182) thereon. and to this unworthy propaganda. The time has come for Mr. HARRELD, from the Committee on Indian Affairs, to America to do its duty, to speak again for the weak peoples which was referred the bill ( S. 585) for the relief of F. E. of the earth, and to aid in the birth of a new nation, dedicated Romberg, reported it without amendment and submitted a to progress and freedom. report (No. 183) thereon. Mr. WILLIS. I do not desire to take up the morning hour Mr. CAPPER, fro~ the Committee on the Dish·ict of Colum­ with this discussion, but I wi "h to say a word further in re­ bia, to which was referred the bill ( S. 1430) to establish a sponse to what the Senator from Utah has said. There are a board of public welfare in and for the District of Columbia, great many people in the United States who are not imperial­ to determine its functions and for other purposes, reported ists and who have no interest at all in the commercial matters it with amendments and submitted a report (No. 185), thereon, to which the Senator refers, who do not believe at all that the Mr. CAMERON, from the Committee on Public Lands and Jones Act promised immediate independence to the Philippine Surveys, to which was referred the bill ( S. 2461) to grant ex­ Islands. tensions of time under oil and gas permits, reported it with Let me say further that the people who were heard before amendments and submitted a report (No. 186) thereon. our committee, as the Senator will remember, were simply some persons from the War Department. The people from the NAVAL APPROPRIATIO~S Philippine Islands, who actually know the facts, were not per­ Mr. HALE. I report back favorably with amendments from mitted to testify. Before there is any action, so far as I am the Committee on Approprtations the bill (H. R. 7554) making concerned-and, of course, I am only one member of the com­ appropriations for the Navy Department and the naval serv­ mittee-the persons in the Philippine Islands, who actually ice for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1927, and for other p,ur­ know the facts and who are not sent here as a paid junta poses, and I submit a report (No. 184) thereon. I shall ask to carry out propaganda, will also have opportunity to be the Senate to take up this bill at the earliest possible moment, heard. There will be no snap judgment in the matter. probably to-morrow, as by that time it is hoped that we shall Mr. KING. In reply, I desire to state that the Filipinos have finished the consideration of the Treasury and Post Office ax:e a unit in favor of independence. There are more than appropriation bill. 10,000,000 people 1·esiding in the Philippine Islands. They have The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be placed on the spoken repeatedly upon the question as tQ whether they desired calendar. to be an independent nation or remain subject to the control RIO GRANDE RIVER BRIDGES of the United States. · Tbere is no political party among the 1\Ir. SHEPPARD. I report back favorably without amend­ Filipinos, nor any facttoB- Of a party, that is not in favor of ment from the Committee on Commerce the bill (H. R. 4032) the immediate independence of the Filipinos. I concede that granting consent of Congress to the Br~wnsville & :Mata- 3962 GONGRESSION AL RECORD-SEN ATE FEBRUARY 15 moros Rapid Transit Co. for construction of a bridge across SARAH J. M'noN~ELL the IUo Grande at BL"ownsville, Tex., and I submit a report · l\Ir. KEYES. From the Committee to Audit and Control (No. 178) thereon. I ask for the present considerap.on of the the Contingent Expenses of the Senate I report back favor~ bill. ably without amendment Senate Resolution 144, submitted bv There being no objection, the bill was considered as in Com~ ~Ir. SwAxsoN on the 9th instant, and ask unanimous conseu"t mittee of tl1e. Wlwle, and it was read, as follows: for its immediate consideration. Be it euactecl, etc., That the consent of Congress be, and is beteby, The resolution was read, considered by unanimous consent granted to the Brownsville & Matamoros Rapid Transit Co., a cor- and agreed to, as follows: poration organized under the laws of Arizona, to construct, maintain, and opet·ate a bridge and approaches thereto. at a point suitable to the , Rcsolred, That the Secretary of the Senate hereby is authorized and interests ot navigation. across the Rio Grande, at nrownsville, Tex .. in directed to pay from tile miscellaneous items of the contingent fund of the Senate, fiscal year 192"5, to Sarah J. McDonnell, mother of Stella accordance with the provisions of an act entitled "An act to regulate the construction of britlges over navigable waters," ap,roved March 23, M. McDonnell, late an additional clerk in the office of Senator CL.AGD:m 1!>06: Prorided, That the consent of the proper authorities of the A. SWAXSON, a sum equal to six months' salary at tile rate she was Repul.Jlic of Mexico to the construction, maintenance, ami operation of receiving by law at the time of her death, said sum to be considered the brillge shall also be obtained. inclusive of funeral expen es and all other allowances. ~.:'Ec. ~- That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this act is hereby REFORM OF THE SEN .ATE RULES expressly reserved. :Mr. DILL. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to hnve The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, inserted in the RECORD an article written by the Senator from ordPred to a third reading, read the third time. and passed. Nebraska [Mr. NoRRIS], which is entitled "Reform of the 1\lr. SHEPP.ARD. I also report from the Committee on Com ~ Senate Rules." While it was published in the Saturday EYen~ merce favorably without amendment tile bill (H. R. 6515) ing Post of February 13, 1926, it is particularly applicable to granting the consent of Congress to the Gateway Bridge Co. the joint resolution providing for the submission to the people for eon ·truction of a bridge ac1:oss the Rio Grande between of a constitutional amendment which was passed by the Sennte Bro\\·n:-::-.ille, Tex., and :Matamoros, Mexico, and I submit a this afternoon. revo1t (No. 170) thereon. I ask for the present consideration There being no objection, the article was ordered to be of the bill. printed in the RECORD, as follows: There being no objection, the bill was considered as in Com~ mittee of the Whole, and it was read, as follows: REFORll OF THE SEXATE RULES IX L'i"SWETI TO VICE PRF.SIDENT DAWES By GEORGE W. NORRIS, United States Senator from Nebraska Be it enacted, etc., That the consent of Congress be, and is hereby, gmnted to the Gateway Bridge Co., a corporation organized under the The country is indebted to our courageous Vice President for calling law~ or Delaware, to construct, maintain, and operate a bridge and attention to the necessity for reform in the procedure of our National ::tpproacln•s thereto at a point suitable t.o the interests of navigation Legislah1re. He has very clearly shown that a change in legislative aci·o«s the Rio Grande b~tween Brownsville, Tex., and Matamoros. procedure is necessary if the people are to receive the benefits of neces­ Mt-~ico, in accordance with the provisions of an act entitled "A.n act to sary progressive legislation. He has, however, told us nothing new. re5ulntt> the con truction of bridges over navigable waters," approved 'l'hese same things have been repeatedly called to the attention of the Marcil 23, 1906: Prol'i-ded, That the consent of the proper authorities people l.Jy others in more obscure positions, and various remedies have of the Repubiic of ?!lexico 1.o the construction, maintenance, and opera­ been frequently suggested. Because of the position be occupies what tion of the bridge shall also be obtained. Mr. Dawes says on the subject receives wide publicity and is read by s~:c. :!. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal thi act is llereby almost a numberless constituency. But though Mr. Dawes has very expres,:;ly res&rved. clearly pointed out the evil the remedy lie suggests would !Jring more harm than good. Like the ancient country physician, he throws the The bill wa reported to the Senate without amendment, patient into fits, but lacking the ability of that backwoods character ordered to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. he is unable to revive the patient from his increased suffering. With .ALUMIXUM CO. OF .AMERICA gymnastic activity characteristic of him when on 1.he public rostrum, he "Mr. W .lLSH. ~Ir. President, I send to the desk a report jumps right out of the frying pan into the fire. (No. 177) from the Committee on the Judiciary, pursuant to Mr. Dawes compares the legi,Jativt: procedure of the Senate with SPnnte Resolution 100, directing an investigation concerning the that of the House of Representatives. He labors at some length to diligence with which the Department of Justice has investi~ sllow that the procedure in the House, where they have cloture, is gated the charge of violation by the Aluminum Co. of America much superior to that in 1he Senate, where they do not have cloture. of a deel"ee of the United States District Court for the Westem If this comparison demonstrate anything, it shows that the House Di~trict of Pennsylvania. I move that the report be adopted has ceased to be a deliberative body. Its Members are just as able by the Senate. I give notice that I shall call up the motion and just as pa tr.iotic as are the Members of the Senate. Gi'l"en the at the earliest possible moment. same opportunities, their work would not be inferior to the work of :\Ir. PEPPER. 1\lr. President, I would like to have the re­ the Senate, but every student of our Government knows that the port go over under thE' rule. laws of our country are analyzed and discussed and, in fact, made ~lr. ~lOSES. ~lr. President, may I a ·k the Senator has the by the debate that takes place in the Senate. The House of Repre· report been printed? sentatives is controlled by a small number of men that you could 1\Ir. WALSH. The report was printed for the committee. count on the fingers of one hand; the Speaker, the majority leader. Mr. ~lOSES. But it is not available for the Senate? the chairman of the Committee on Rules, with perhaps the tacit and 1\Ir. \\ ALSH. The report has been placed on the desks of silent assistance of one or two leaders of the minority, hold the House Senators. in complete subjection. They limit or close debate at their own sweet 1\lr. MOSES. Was there a divided report from tl:te Commit~ will. They deny, if nece::::sary, to the membership not only the ri~ht tee on t!1e Judiciary? of deiJate but even the right to o!Ier amendments. By special rule l\Ir. V\'ALSH. There was. The Senator from Oklahoma they put through the House revenue bills, ta1·iff bills, and all otller [l\Ir. llARRELD] submitted to the committee a draft of a re­ kinds of important legislation without giving to the membership sup· port and moved its adoption. I suggest that the report offered posed to represent the people of the country the right even to suggest now be printed for the use of the Senate, together with any changes. It is no answer to say that a pecial rule must always be report t0ndered by any minority of the committee. approved by a majority of tile House. The membersi.Jip, when the vote Mr. l\lOSES. I hope that order may be entered. 1\lay I ask Ion a bill under a special rule is before them, are confronted with the t.he Senator further whetller the testimony was pripted? proposition that they must accept what is bad in order to get what Mr. 'VALSH. The testimony ha been printed. they believe to be good. Neither is it any answer to say that such .Mr. liOSES. And it is available for Senator ? ' procedure is necessary on account of the large membership of the :Mr. ".ALSH. That also has l>een laid ou the desks of House. The fact remains that debate is curtniled, often entirely Senators. eliminated. amendments are limitPd anrl sometimes absolutely pro· The YICE PRESIDE~T. Without objection. the report will hibited-and this is majority cloture in the Hou~e, which the Vice be printed as requested. President approvPs and which he wants the Senate to adopt. Mr. :BORAH. lias a minority report ueen submitted? The country pays bnt little attention to legislation pending in the Mr. lL\LSH. I tU.ink not. I ha-.e not heard of it. Ilou e. Everybody knows that this limited consideration on the part l\lr. BORAH. The report submitted goes over, anyway, of the House means imperfect, half-baked legi lation. Everybody to-clay? knows that when the bill gPts to the :::ienate it will be completely Mr. W .ALSII. Ye~; and I have suggested that any minority analyzed and debated, that amendments can he offered without limit. report tendered by any member or members of the committee and that in the end, whcthe1· the legi:-:lai~~. be good or bad, it will ue printed with the report now submitted. at least represent the judgruent of the fe~lve body acting upoa it. 1926 CONGRESSIONAL RECOR.D-SENATE 3963 It even happens not infrequently that Members of the House are have been even attempted if one or more of these elements above induced to vote for a special rule and to support this majo1·ity cloture described had not existed and stood out in bold relief. Let me give on the theory and with the knowledge that when the bill gets to the a.n actual illustration that occuned during the administration of Senate it will be considE.'red on its merits. President Harding. The Senate, with all its faults, is the only forum in our country Pt;SHIXO A PET MEAS"GRE where there is free and fair debate upon propo ed legislation, and it The President was very anxious to pa s the bill known and generally is the forum where the legi ·lation of the country is made. If we understood as the ship sub idy bill. In the first or long session of adopted majority cloture in the Senate as they have in the House, the Congress it was not even attempted to pass this bill-it was the last vestige of fair and honest parliamentary consideration would known that it could not pass either House of Congress--but when the entirely vanish, and what a picnic that would be for political machines short session convened the administration immediately got busy to and political bosses. 'fbe country could stand off and yell itself crowd this bill through both branches of our National Legislature. In hoarse; but three or four men in the House and two or three men the election that had just taken place, many Members of the House in the Senate would bold this country in the palm of their mighty and the Senate had been defeated for reelection, their successors had political hands. A political party in power, with its President con­ been -elected, but had not yet been sworn in. The short session takes trolling the patronage of the ~ation, and with its few politically place after the election and before the Members chosen at that election selected leaders in the House and the Senate, could pass or defeat are inaugurated into office. It was known also that the new Honse any legislation of any kind, without regard to the welfare of any­ and the new Senate, just elected and not yet sworn in, if in office, J thing except the partisan machine. would refuse absotutely to pass the ship subsidy bill. The old Con­ 'fhe country looks to the Senate for an analysis of all proposed legis­ gi·ess was opposed to it before the election and the new Congress was lation, because the people have gradually learned from recent history overwhelmingly against it. If it were to be passed at all it must pass that it is only there where full opportunity is had to protect and pre­ during the short session. serve the rights and the liberties of our people. The bill had been more or less an issuf! in the campaign, and it The evil in the Senate procedure, so well pointed out by the Vice had been repudiated by an overwhelming majority at the polls. I am President, is the ability to filibuster, which comes about on account of not discussing the merits of this legislation, my dear render-it is the rule which permits unlimited debate. The filibuster is an extraor­ immaterial whether you favored it or were opposed to its enactment. dinary procedure. It is illogical, and conditions should be so changed If the means attempted t() bring about its passage were unfair, dis­ that it will not be used or attempted. A study of the procedure of honorable, or objectionable, then the method must be condemned re­ ! the Senate will demonstrate that the filibuster always takes place in gardless of the merits of the legislation. what is known as the short session of the Congress. Every other ses­ There was no difficulty in the House, where this blessed majority­ sion of Congress must E.'nd on the 4th day of ~larch because of the cloture rule prevailed. The skids were greased and the bill wen t expiration of the terms of Members of the House of Repre entatives through in one-two-three order, but in the Senate it was different. and one-third of the Senate. It is known throughout that session that There was no cloture in the Senate; there was no way to shut off de­ on the 4th of ~!arch, when the gavel falls, everything on the calendar bate, and, although the President had a majority in favor of the bill, not enacted into law fails and dies. No filibuster can be successfully he was tmable 'to secure a vote, and this vote was prevented by a carried on unless the adjournment of the Congress is definitely fixed. filibuster carried on by those who were, as far as legal membership Filibusters therefore take place in this short session. A cloture would of the Senate was concerned, in a minority. This minority backing not end the filibuster unless 1t absolutely prevented debate and the up the filibuster knew that the bill could not have passed before elec­ offering of amendments. A cloture which permitted reasonable debate tion. 1t knew that the new Congress just elected was opposed to the after its adoption would not prevent filibusters i1' ·they were attempted measure. It knew that votes in favor of the bill were being secured just before the final adjournment. by the power of Federal patronage. Was this filibuster justified? Was Ur. Dawes bas not given us a concrete rule that will work, and I this minority of Senators justified in resorting to this desperate remedy defy him and challenge him or anyone else to put in writing a 1·ule to prevent the political machine from carrying out this plan which that will prevent a filibuster when the final adjournment is definitely had, as a matter of fact, been repudiated by the people of the country? fixed by law. If a filibuster were commenced, let us say, on the 15th As one who participated in that filibuster, I have no hesitancy 1n day of February, it would be more difficult to keep it up and succeed saying that every step we took was justified under the circumstances; than it would be were the filibuster commenced on the last day of and to show that our position was correct so far as the new Congress1s February, shortly before the final adjournment. A filibuster com­ attitude was concerned, it should be added that after the newly menced thus early would require quite a. number of Senators success­ elected Congress came into office there was not even an attempt to tully to carry it out; but a filibuster can be commenced at 11 o'clock pass this legislation. on the 4th day of March, and carried to a successful conclusion by I have given an illustration of a filibuster that took place under a one man, if be is allowed any debate whatever. A filibuster com­ Republican administratlon. In order to show that this is no partlsan menced on the 1st day of March would be comparatively easy if one matter, let me now give an illustration that happened under a Demo­ or two men would devote their time to it; so when Mr. Dawes says cratic administration. It was the filibuster which took place against he is not advocating a rule that would end all debate he is simply President Wilson's bill authorizing the arming of private ships. It giving away the entire question. A rule that will prevent filibuster was just before we went into the war. In an official message delivered must be so drastic that no debate whatever can take place after the to the Congress !1. few days befor~ the adjournment of the short SNision rule is put in force. on the 4th day of March, the President asked for authority thus to arm REVOLUTION BY FILIBUSTER the merchant marine. As usual, the bill went through the House wth- The history of Senate procedure will show that all successful fili- out any difficulty. It was passed by that body because of the power busters have taken place in the short session. It is a desperate pro- of majority cloture-and I ought to pause here to say that where the cedure, and is justified only in extraordinary conditions and circum- power to put cloture over rests in the hands of a few men it is not stances. It is akin to revolution in the political world, and revolution always necessary tilat cloture be adopted. The rank and file of the ..J is usually a bloody and heartless struggle against entrenched power, membership know that tile power exists, and they sometimes submit and yet no American will say that revolution is never justified. We even if it is not actually put in force. They know that if they resist exist to-day as a country as the result of a revolution by our fore- it will be invoked, and they follow the line of least resistance. fathers, and those who laid the foundation of our United States after The bill came to the Senate just a day or two before the 1st ot eight years of bloody struggle were all rev-olutionists. They violated March, 1917. It was promptly reported. The power of the Executive the law of tbe land, they were guilty of trea on to the mother country, was suffi.cient to bring in line behind this bill a majority of the Mem­ but they justified their action upon the fundamental principle of bers of the Senate. A reasonable debate on its provisions would have human liberty, and all the world honors them to-day, and Americans carried it beyond the 4th day of March. Its importance was con­ particularly hold their memory in sacred remembrance because of th_e ceded, everybody acknowledged that, but it was necessary, of course, very revolution they fought to a successful conclusion. to pass it before the 4th of March, and it was not difficult to organize Should we make it impossible for a filibu ter to take place? Under a filibuster to defeat the proposal, although the sentiment, due to our Government, in the United States Senate can Senators ever justify executive and newspaper pressme, was almost irresistible. A com­ themselves for participating in such a desperate method of preventing paratively few men in the Senate defeated the bill. We were con­ legislation? The filibuster is in fact a legislative revolution. It demned in the severest terms by the country. defies the apparent legally constituted majority; it stands, for the time The day after the adjournment,· President Wilson issued his famous being, in the way of their progress, and through main strength pre- statement denouncing the" willful twelve." Many of us were burned in vents the constituted majority from having its will. If this majolity effigy in different parts of the United States. The country, by propa­ were uncoerced, if its entire membership were unselfish and standing ganda that had been put forth through the newspapers and through for the highest type of legislation, unmoved by the selfish desire to political and partisan leaders, had been set. afire in its indignation trnde votes for office-in short, if the entire memllersWp were abso- against these few men who had stood in the way of the passage of Jutely free to follow the dictates of their several consciences, then I this bill It would be interesting reading, I think, at this point, i! I concede there would be no excuse for a fil.ibuster. But on examination Iwere able to publish the letters of condemnation which I personally of the history of every filibuster that has ever come to my notice-- received. It would be intere ting, perhaps, to read the letters that and I have participated in quite a number-1 find none that would threatened human life and that advocated death as the proper punish- 3964 CONGRESSIONAL RECOR.D-SEN.ATE FEBRUARY 15 ment for one who was engaged in this unholy filibuster. Even the tributors the liberties and the rights of a free people. Out· forefatheJ·s Ft'deral judiciary participated in it, and one of these judges went so 1 thought they had separated the legislative branch of ou1· Government far as to advocate the standing of these men up against a wall and 1 from the Executive, and if we are to give to the Executive th1·ougb the s~ooting tht>m. When such desperate remedies are advocated by power of his patronage and through his influence with partisan politi- men in high places, it would not have been strange if at least a part cal factions and machines the power to control iegislation, then wa of these filibusters had beeome the victim of some fanatic or crank. I might just as well abolish our legislative branch and make the Presi­ have now in my possession a beautiful medal made out of Mr. Mellon's dent supreme in legislative matte1·s as well as in Executive. We might aluminum on which the names of the "willful twelve" are inscribed, as well at once change our Government into a monarchy and do away and on the reverse side of which is engraved President Wilson's con· with the legislati>e branch of the Go-.ernment entirely. demnation of the "willful twelve." AN AMENDMENT SUGGESTED A WAR-TIME FrLIBuSTER It is quite apparent, therefore, that the adoption of cloture will not This filibuster could never have succeeded, would not, of course, bring a remedy. It must likewise be apparent that all these filibusters have even been attempted, had it not been that the session of Con­ take place in the short session-that they would not be possible if 1t gress must expil'e on the 4th day of March. And yet, as one who were not for this limitation. Neither would such filibusters be possible bad perbaps more to do with its organization and carrying out than if the new Congress instead of the old were legislating during the short had any other one man, I am as confident in my own heart that a session. However, under our Constitution the old Congress, although majority of the Senate was against this mea. ure, as I am that I defeated at the polls, continues to legislate until the 4th of March, still live. During those few weary days and nigllts I was privately while the new Congress, aniious to perform the dutles imposed upon informed by many a Senator who was standing for the passage of the it by the people, must stand helpless and unable to function in the bill that the filibuster was justified, and that the passage of the pro­ performance of the duties for which it has been elected. posed legislation would be an outrage. It is a remarkable fact that The remedy, therefore, is to abolish the short session of the Con­ some of the men who stood on the floor of the Senate and argued in gress-to install in office the men who have been elected fresh from fa•or of the passage of this bill and who, as far as the administration the people, and let them legislate in accordance with the questions .../ knew, were as anxious to bring about its passage as was the President settled in the preceding campaign. It is important that tbose wbo have himself, bad privateJy urged me not to cease in this filibuster, but to been defeated should not be continued in office after their defeat. To carrv it on to success. Some of these men made speeches in its favor bring about this remedy will require a constitu tiona! amendment. at ~Y own request, becau. e by talking, even in favor of the bill, tlley Such an amendment has twice passed the Senate of the United States belprd to kill time, although the power of the administration on one and bas been defeated by the few which majority cloture puts iu hand and the political machine on the other was so great that political actual control of the House of Representatives. This amendment pro­ expediency required them to get in line. vides that the terms of office of the President, the Vice President, and The filibuster succeeded. 'Ihe bill was defeated. Practically a Members of the House and the Senate shall begin in January and shall unanimous country condemned the filibuster. The President issued a end in January. It provides that the new Congress shall meet in statement a day after the adjournment, bitter in its denunciation. But January, after it has been elected in November, and likewise provides let us see what followed. The next day the President issued another that the old Congress, defeated in November, shall never again have statement in which he said that an old law had been discovered per­ power to legislate. In other words, their defeat puts them out of mitting him to arm these ships; that the defeat ot the legislation in office. The ability of the President to control legislation through the the Senate bad no effect, and that under this newly discovered ancient lame-duck method would, therefore, disappear at once. law he would proceed at once to arm the ships. This he did, and thus , Instead of the old Congress legislating for the people after its carried out fully and completely his entire program. In a very short I Members had been repudiated by the people, the new Congress elected time, however, he him elf di::;covered that the arming of these ships was 1 to carry out the will of the people would be functioning. Instead of no benefit; that, as n mattrr of fact, it was a detriment rather, and j of the session of Congress ending on the 4th of March, it would that instead of helping to keep us out of the war it had a tendency to be the same as the present long session. In other words, the effect put us in, and to put us in with some disadvantages that we would not of this amendment would be to give us one session of Congress have had had we gone into the war in the regular way. each year, which would be unlimited as to time, except so far as the THE STA:-ID OF THE "WILLFC'L TWELVE" term itself might limit it-which in practical ell'ect means no limi­ · In his special mes age deiivered at the special session of Congress tation whatever. Men whose otncial acts had been repudiated by which followed in April, he, in substance, made this admission, and their people would suffer the results of such defeat and repudiation, it was then that he advocated a declaration of war, so that, as a and we would not find the country in the disagreeable attitude or matter of fact, this little bunch of " willful" Senators had their seeing those whom the people have defeated placed in higher posi­ com·se officially upheld by the same power that had so bitterly con­ tions of power and honor for the very reason that they have been demned them. The filibuster itself was justified even by the Presi­ unfaithful to their trusts. The filibuster would disappear as the dew dent, although be did not so state, and was not magnanimous enough tades before the morning sun. No filibuster would be possible, and tJ admit that thls minority was right and that the majority was therefore no filibuster would be attempted. If a cloture were neces­ wrong. Bad it been possible to continue this discussion fo1· a reason­ sary at all, a cloture similar to the one we now have in the Senate able length of time-in other words, had we not been compelled by would meet all requirements. law to adjourn on the 4th dny of March there is no doubt but that ELIMINATI~G THE SHORT SESSIO:'i there \Yould have been brought out in the debate the very facts President Wil on afterwards found to be true, and which he after­ Mr. Dawes says he does not want a cloture that would prevent wat·uN officially promulgated in his message. Again I ask, Was this debate, but, as I have shown, a cloture to be effective must prevent filibuster justified? In a matter of so great importance as was the debate so long as the end of the session is definitely fixed. If this bill which in substance meant pushing us into war-:md pushing us end were not fixed by law, then a modified cloture that would permit in, as President Wilson afterwards admitted, handicapped-without full and fair debate after the adoption of the cloture rule would the full advantages that would have been ours had we gone into the bring no harm if it were found under the circumstances to be neces­ sary. In my judgment, no such rule would be necessary. No cloture war in the regular way. It seems to me the filibuster was more than juc:tified. of any kind would be demanded, or if some sort or cloture were necessary it could easily be adopted, and would be adopted, because it It is conceded that a filibuster carried on fo1· any considerable length of time prevents the consideration of other legislation and often de­ would not be subject to th~ great objection that now exists, which feats entirely the passage of laws beneficial to the entire country. is on account of the day of adjournment being definitely fixed. Clo­ ture would mean the absolute controlling of legislation by a few This is one of the secondary effects of the filibuster, and is one of the dictators who are temporarily clothed with partisan polltlcal power. things that tho e who engage in the filibuster must consider and for which they must assume responsibility. It should be said, how­ COXCLC'SION ever. that the real responsibility for such a condition can be placed I appeal to our worthy Vice President to use the mlghty influence at the door of those who are using partisan power and patronage con­ which is his and the power of his ability to help n progressive-think­ trol to coerce men into dolng what they believe to be wrong. Those in ing and a progressive-hoping Nation to secure the passage of this authority, purposely and studiously, often bring in these particular constitutional amendment and thus bring about the remedy for the pieces of legislation, knowing that they could not be passed in an open evil which he so well describes, but the sins of which he would vastly and fair discussion before the country, but hoping ~nd believing that increase if his method of reform were agreed to. berause of the limited time Senators would be induced to acquiesce and to submit and to surrender their convictions. BILLS .AND JOINT RESOLUTION INTRODUCED Then, too, unless Senators assert the right of proper consideration Bills and a joint resolution were introduced, read the first of legislation, even though the remedy is severe, it must be remem­ time, and, by unanimous consent, the second time, and referred bered that if they took any other course, if they acquiesced always to as follows : ' tht> will of a few political leaders and a machine that has a tem­ By Mr. CUMMINS: pora1·y artificial control of the Senate membership, they would in the A bill ( S. 8115) to amend section 220 of the Criminal Code : long run be surrendering to machine politicians and to patronage dis- to the Committee on the Judiciary. 1926 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3965 By Mr. MOSES: A bill ( S. 3142) to correct the military record of James A bill ( S. 3116) granting an increase of pension to :Mary J. Coughlin ; and Nutter (with accompanying _papers) ; and A bill ( S. 3143) to correct the military record of Sidney F. A bill (S. 3117) granting a pension to Nettie Marshall (with Jones (with accompanying papers); to the Committee on ~lUi­ accompanying papers); to the Committee on Pensions. tar y Affairs. By Mr. EDGE: A bill (S. 3144) granting· an increase of pension to Sarah A bill ( S. 3118) to amend the national prohibition act, as Cutbirth (with accompanying papers ) ; supplemented, in respect of the definition of intoxicating liquor; A bill· (S. 3145) granting an increase of pension to Rebecca to the Committee on the Judiciary. C. Holt (witli accompanying papers) ; By Mr. WILLIS: · A bill (S. 3146) granting an increase of pension to Horace E. A bill ( S. 3119) granting an increase of pension to Sarah Park (with accompanying papers); and M. Lant (with accompanying papers) ; to the ·Committee on A bill (S. 3147) granting a pension to Martha C. Tuttle (with Pensions. accompanying papers); to the Committee on Pensions. By Mr. TRAMMELL: By Mr. CAPPER: A bill (S. 3120) providing that the members of the Inter­ A bill (S. 3148) to ~egulate the manufactme, renovation, state Commerce Commission shall be appointed from different and sale of mattresses in the District of Columbia; to the Com­ sections of the United States, and that not more than one mem­ mittee on the District of Columbia. ber shall be appointed from any one State; to the Committee A bill ( S. 3149) granting a pension to Evaline 0. Butler on Interstate Commerce. (with accompanying papers) ; and By Mr. FLETCHER (by request): A bill (S. 3150) granting an increase of pension to Oscar A bill ( S. 3121) for the relief of certain property owners in Walker (with accompanying papers); to the Committee on Orange County, Fla.; to the Committ~ on Finance. Pensions. By Mr. ASHURST: By lli. PITT~IAN: A bill ( S. 3122) for the completion of the road from Tucson A bill ( S. 3151) granting an increase of pension to Caroline to Ajo via Indian Oasis, Ariz.; to the Committee on Indian Gregory; to the Committee on Pensions. Affalrs. By Mr. NORBECK: By Mr. RANSDELL: A bill ( S. 3152) granting an increase of pension to Annie A bill ( S. 3123) to transfer to the jurisdiction of the Federal Taylor; to the Committee on Pensions. Power Commlssion the power and nitrate properties of the By Mr. HARRISON: United States at and in the vicinity of :Muscle Shoals, Ala., A bill ( S. 3153) conferring jurisdiction upon the Court of and for other purposes ; to the Committee on Agriculture and Claims to hear and determine the claim of Mary Ella Webster; Forestry. to the Committee on Claims. By Mr. COPELAND: By Mr. CAPPER: A bill ( S. 3124) to amend section 4 of the Immigration act of A joint resolution ( S. J. Res. 56) to amend an act entitled 1924; to the Committee on Immigration. 11 An act to provide for the regulation of motor-vehicle traffic By Mr. EDW.A.RDS : in the District of Columbia, increase the number of judges of A bill (S. 3125) granting a pension to Ambrose Marion (with the police court, and for other purposes," approved March 3, accompanying papers) ; to tbe Committee on Pensions. 1925 ; to the Committee on the District of Columbia. By Mr. KENDRICK: AMERICAN NATIOX.A.L RED CROSS BUILDL,GS A bill (S. 3126) to amend the· act entitled "An act to provide Mr. FERNALD. I introduce a joint resolution which I a k for refunds to veterans of the World War of certain amounts may be read at length, and then I shall ask for its immediate paid by them under Federal irrigation projects," approved Feb­ consideration. ruary 21, 1925; to the Committee on Finance. The joint 1·esolution (S. J. Res. 55) to authorize the Ameri­ By Mr. PEPPER: can National Red Cross to continue the use of temporary build­ A bill ( S. 3127) to correct the military record of William W. ings now erected on square No. 172, in Washington, D. C., Woodruff; to the Committee on Military Affairs. was read the :first time by its title and the second time at By Mr. GOFF: length, as follows : A bill { S. 3128) granting a pension to Josephine Miley ; A bill (S. 3129) granting an increase of pen ion to John P. ResoZvecl, etc., That authority be, and is hereby, gi'"en to the central Hickel; and committee of tbe American .iS"ational Red Cross to continue the use of A bill (S. 3130) granting an increase of pension to Olive J. such temporary buildings as are now erected upon square No. 172, Ebert; to the Committee on Pensions. in tbe city of Washington, for the use of the American Red Cross in A bill ( S. 3131) to correct the military record of Clarence G. connection with its work in cooperation with the Government of the Stonestreet; to the Committee on Military Affairs. United States until such time as hereafter may be designated by A bill {S. 3132) providing for the erection of a monument Congress : Provided, That the nited States shall be put to no ex­ over the grave of Patrick Gass, at Brooke Cemetery, Wellsburg, pense of any kind by reason of the exercise of the authority hereby W. Va., a soldier of the War of 1812, and the last surviving conferred. member of the Lewis and Clarke Expedition ; to the Committee The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the imme­ on the Library. diate consideration of t h ~ joint resolution. By Mr. SHEPPARD: Mr. JONES of 'Vashington. This is a joint resolution, and A bill ( S. 3133) for retu·ement as warrant officer of any pet·­ it is not the practice of tbe Senate to pass joint resolutions or son with a certain length and character of service in tbe United bills without having them referred to the proper committees. States Army; to the Committee on Military Affairs. \Yould it unneces.,arily delay the joint resolution by having A bill ( S. 3134) for a survey of the Brazos River, Tex., from it referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds? its mouth to Rosenberg, Tex.; and The committee could be polled and the joint resolution reported A bill (S. 3135) granting consent of Congress to Eagle Pass without much delay. and Piedras Negras Bridge Co. to construct, maintain, and :Mr. FERNALD. Very well; there is no special hurry about operate a bridge across the Rio Grande at Eagle Pass, Tex.; to the passage of the joint re olution. the Committee on Commerce. Mr. JONES of Washington. I think it had better go to the By Mr. HALE: committee. A bill (S. 3136) granting an increase of pension to Ellen G. Mr. FERNALD. I move that the joint resolution be referred Crocker (with accompanying papers) ; to the Committee on to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Pensions. The motion was agreed to. By Mr. DALE: AMEXDMEXT TO AGRICULTURAL APPROPRIATION BILL A bill ( S. 3137) granting allowances for rent, fuel, light, and Mr. SHORTRIDGEJ submitted an amendment proposing to equipment to postmastei·s of the fourth class, and for other appropriate $15,000 to enable the Weather Bureau to extend purposes ; to the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. its .forest-fire weather-warning ser-rice, intended to be proposPd A bill ( S. 3138) granting a pension to Mary B. Fargo ; by him to House bill 8264, the Agricultm·al Department appro­ A bill (S. 3139) granting an increase of pension to Mary S. priation bill, which was referred to the Committee on Appro­ Whitney ; and priations and ordered to be printed. A bill (S. 3140) granting an increase of pension to Mary Reeves; to the Committee &n Pensions. RETIREMENT OF CIVIL SERVICE EMPLOYEES By 1\lr. CURTIS : Mr. WATSON submitted an amendment intended to be pro­ A bill (S. 3141) to correct the military record of Biram B. posed by him to the bill ( S. 786) to amend the act entitled Hatton; "An act for the retirement of employees in tbe classified civil 3966 COXGRESSIONAL RECORD-BE rATE FEBRU..lRY 15 service, and for oilier purposes." approved May 22, 1920, and Whereas the same general reasons for the investigation of butter acts in amendment thereof; which was referred to the Com­ apply with at least equal force to u like investigation of cream and o! mittee on Civil Service and ordered to be printed. milk, sweet, sour, or buttermilk ; and Whereas, also, for the month of December, 1924, the importations of ADMINISTRATION OF THE PACKERS AND STOCKYARDS ACT cream into the United States amounted to 236,1!);) gallons of the value 1\Ir. KE~"'DRICK. Mr. President, I present a resolution o:! $384,836; for the month o! December, 19~5. the importation of which I ask to have read. cream into the United States amounted to 257,9 7 gall6ns of the value The resolution ( S. Res. 145) was read, as fo~lows: of $452,435; for the year 1924 the importutions of cream amounted to 4,197,449 gallons of the value of' $6,141.133; and the importations for Whereas it appears that there has been no published report o! the 1925 amounted to 5,171,788 gallons of the value o:! $7,591,930; for the 1921, administration of the packers and stockyards act, for the fiscal month of December, 1924, the importations of milk, sweet, sour. or year ended June 30, 1925, or since then, comprehensively covering the buttermilk, il!to the United States amounted to 393,GS7 gallons of the subjects embraced within the published annual reports of the adminis­ value of $75,457; and for the same month of 1925 the importations tration of said act for prior rears; and amounted to 576,078 gallons of the value of 102,!)9;); and for the "'hereas the American National Livestock Association has requested year 1924 the importations amounted to 5,192,344 gallons of the value information concerning the administra~on and enforcement of said of $ 27,586; and for the year 192;5 the importations of milk, sweet, act; and sour, or buttermilk, . amomited to 7,422,133 gallons of the value of Whereas Members of the House and Senate are in receipt of other $1,242,063 ; and requests for such information, which they are unable to supply: There­ Whereas the large. rapidly increasing importations of these dairy fore be it products have resulted in a decline in their prices in many portions ot Resolt·ed, That the Secretary of Agriculture be requested to cause the United States, so that now these prices are but little, if any, above the preparation and publication as soon as possible Qf a comprehensive the reasonable normal cost o! production : Therefore be it report, and to furnish copies thereof to the Congress, covering in said Resolud, That the United States Tariff Commission be, and it is report for the period which has elapsed since June 30, 1924, the sub­ hereby, requested forthwith, under the provisions of section 31;) of the jects embraced within the annual reports of the administration of the act approved September 21, 1922, to make an inquiry into the cost of p:tckers ·and stockyards act, 1921, which have heretofore been pub­ the production of cream and of milk, swzet, sour, or buttermilk, in the lished, including among other things- United States and in those countries from which our importations or (a) A description of the present organization for the administration these dairy products come and to report its findings to the Presillent of and enforcement of said act ; the United States with the purpose that under this finding the Pre. l­ (b) W!Jat progress has l.leen made in obtaining information and dent may be warranted in determining and in proclaiming an increase what fucts have been ascertained from the packers subject to said act in the duties on cream and on milk, sweet, sour, or buttermilk. through reports and through audits of their books, and the present status of any litigation instituted to determine the right of the Secre­ UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION tary of Agriculture to have access to such books ; 1\fr. SIIIPSTEAD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent ~c) The volume of business done at public stockyard markets sub­ to introduce a resolution, which I ask to have printed in the ject to said act and the extent to which it bus increased or decreased ; REcORD and to lie on the table. and the volume together with the increase or decrease of business done The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, that order will by cooperative market agencies engaged in the livestock commission be made. business at such markets as compared with all other market agencies The resolution (S. Res. 147) was ordered to lie on the table in such business at such markets; and to be printed in the RECORD as follows : (d) Whether the rates and charges of market agencies and stock­ Resolt•ed, That the President of the Senate appoint a sp£'cia1 com­ yat·d owner subject to said act have increa~ed or decreased and what mittee, which shall consist of five Senators, and that such committee steps ba ve been taken to investigate or regulate such rates and charges, is hereby authorized and directed : including a report o! the formal proceedings pending, together with 1. To investigate forthwith the procedure and other activities of the those which have been terminated and the reason for such action; United States Tariff Commission under the laws affecting said com­ (e) What steps have been taken and what results have been ob­ mission, and especially under the provisions of section 315 of the tained in investigating and bringing about the cessation of discriminn­ tariff act of 1922, generally known as "The flexible tariff" section. torv and unfair or otherwise unlawful practices on the part of per­ 2. To investigate, since the enactment of the tariff act of 1922, subject to said act, including a report of the formal proceedings son~ changes in the membership of said commission, the reasons for such pending, together with those which have been terminated and the changes, the votes, written opinions, and other official nets of the reasons for such action; respective meml.lers of that commission, and the qualifications o:! the (f) What, if any, changes in said act are considered desirable in the respectiYe members of said commission including any recess appointees light of the practical experience gained in its administration and thereto, having regard for the importance of securing able and dis­ enforcement. interested services under the law from such members. .M:r. KENDRICK. Mr. Pre:ident. I ask unanimous consent 3. To investigate the operation and effect of said section 315, in­ for the immediate consideration of the resolution which I have cluding obstacle , if any, placed in the way of its fair, full, and pt·ompt just offered. enforcement; also the extent, if at all, to which the public interest The VICE PRESIDENT. I s there objection to the imme­ has been considered, and whether, in such investigations, the com­ diate consideration of the resolution? mission bas impartially, or otherwise, met the reasonable claims to Mr. CURTIS. I ask that the resolution may go over until just and equal consideration of consumers, workers, farmers, manu­ to-morrow. I could not distinctly hear it read, and it is a long fachu-er , and other domestic producers, and the degree, if any, to resolution. which special favors have been extended to certain preferred indl· Mr. KENDRICK. I have no objection to having the resolu­ viduals or groups; and to investigate the operation and effect of said tion go over, but I de ·ire to say that I shall avail myself of section with a view to ascertaining whether the policy determined by Congre!:S in said section can be effectively carried out in fairness and the first opportunity to cull up the re:::;olution. The VICE PRESIDENT. The resolution will go oyer under justice to American citizens. 4. To investigRte the charge recently made by a member of the the rule. Tariff Commission that. taken as a whole, the commis ion bas ceasetl I:'\QL:"IRY INTO COST OF PRODUCING MILK .AND CREAM to r<'present di8interested and nonpartisan indept>ndence. Mr. LENROOT. I send to the desk a resolution which I ask 5. To investigate improper pressure, if any, from whatever source, mny He over under the rule. calculated to influence members of the Taril! Commission in thPir 'l"'he VICE PRESIDENT. The resolution will be read. findings or recommendations in such investigations, which may have The resolution ( S. Res. 146) was read and ordered to lie on been brought to bear on said commission or any of its members in the table, as follows : connection with any of the commission's investigations. 6. To report to the Senate before the close of the present session Whereas :!or nearly two years the United States Tariff Commission the results of the special commHtee's investigations with respect to bas baen conducting an investigation into the cost of production of the several subject matters specified, having in view particularly butter In tlle United States and in those countries from which our fuetber legislation dealing with the qualifications of members of the importations of butter come that it might report its findings to the commission, procedural improvements which the commission should President, who might, if the facts found warrant, increase the duty on adopt in all of its investigations, and recommendations as to con­ imported butter ; and gressional policy with regard to amending or repealing section 315 Y\hereas many facts of great value to the butter industry of the of the tariff act of 1922. United States have been adduced by this inquiry, and the report of the Such special committee is authorized to hold public hearings; sub· commission, not yet muue. irrespective of the action of the President pama witnesses and books, rmpers. and other records, both public and thereon, is expected to be of Vel'¥ consider·able additional value; anu private; and, as part thereof, to require -the production of all papers, 1926 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3967 books, records, and reports of tlle Tarl1f Commission, excepting only I The resolution· ( S. Res. 132) submitted by :Mr. BowELL on such parts of such records or reports as the members of the com- February 1, 1926, was read as follows : mission and its agents are forbidden to reveal under tbe provisions of section 708 of Title VII of the revenue act of September 8, 1916. Re8 ozv ~a, That th~ Senate Committee on the District of .Columbia Such special committee is authorized to sit during the session or dur- b~, and I.s .hereby, directed to prepare and intro~u~e in the _se~ate a ing any recess of the Senate at snch places as it may deem advisable, bill providrng for the Government coal yard Withm the District of and any snbcommittee of such special committee, if duly authorized Columbia to supply domestic coal to the citizens of the District for by such special committee, may exercise any and all the powers con- cash and at a cost such as to cove~ the cost of t~e coal and the ban- ferred upon such committee by this resolution. dling thereof, to the end of termrnating excessive charges for fuel . . within the District now and hereafter whenever an emergency arises . Mr. SHIPSTEAD.. l\Ir. President, I a.lso ask to haye prmted and unduly high prices result, as has been the case due to the anthra­ m the RECORD, followmg the first resolution, a resolution passed cite coal strike now in progress. by the National Association of Farm Organizations on Feb­ l'Uary 3. This association represents something like 700,000 Mr. CURTIS. As the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. HowELL], farming families in the United States. The day after that who submitted the resolution, is not present, I ask that it go re olution was passed a committee representing these farmers' over. associations-the committee consisting of Mr. A. F. Schilling, The VICE PRESIDE~~- The resolution will go ov-er with­ of the Cooperative Creameries of Minnesota; Mr. F. E. Lam­ out prejudice. mers, of the Twin Cities Milk Producers' Association; Mr. INVESTIGATION OF W .ARD FOOD PRODUCTS CORPORATION C. E. Hough, of the Connecticut Milk Producers' Association ; Mr. R. Smith Snader, of the Maryland State Dairymen's Asso­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair lays before the Senate ciation; Mr. P. L. Betts, of the Union Equity Exchange of a resolution coming over from a previous day, which will be Illinois; and Mr. F. P. Willits, secretary of agriculture of the read. State of Pennsylvania-ealled upon me and presented several The resolution• (S. Res. 138) submitted tiy :Mr. LA FoLLETTE complaints that they desired to lodge with Congress looking on February 3, 1926, was read as follows: forward to some action being taken by Congress leading to an Whereas William B. Ward and his associates upon January 31, investigation of the Tariff Commission and the actions of the 1926, incorporated in the State of Maryland a holding company known commission in fixing tariff rates, particularly on agricultural as the Ward Food Products Corporation, with nominal capital of products. Two years ago the commission was asked to investi­ $2,000,000,000, for the avowed purpose of securing control of corpora­ gate the tariff on butter and casein. Hearings were closed last tions engaged in the production and distribution of all kinds of foods April, but no report has been made. Butter has dropped 10 and by-products of food; and cents in 60 days. Whereas it is the announced purpose of this food tru t to control all At some future time I shall ask that the Senate consider stages of the production and distribution of food from the farm to the t11e resolution. consumers' table ; and · . The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, the resolution Whereas the inevitable result of such a combination is to create a will be printed in the RECORD. monopoly in the prime necessities of life ; and . The resolution is as fo1lows: Whereas such a combination would control the domestic markets, RESOLUTION PASSED UNANIMOUSLY BY THill NATIONAL BOARD OF FARM and thus be in a position to dictate the price of farm prod.ucts; and ORGANIZATIONS, FEBRUARY 3, 1926 Whereas tills combination is in addition to the former mergen The United States Tari1f Commission should be abolished. Its created in the baking industry by "William B. Ward and his associates, elusive and labyrintbic method of dealing with questions of great public namely, the Ward Baking Corporation and the General Baking Corpo­ moment is bringing reproach on all reputable governmental agencies. Its ration of Maryland ; and unwal'l'anted delay in arriving at decisions, its prejudiced treatment of Whereas the National Food Products Corporation, with a potential parties appearing before it, its method of holding secret hearings with capitalization of $200,000,000, has been incorporated in the State of certain parties interested in matters before the commission when other 1\Iaryland to engage in and carry on the business or businesses of pro­ parties understand that the bearings have been closed, all have created ducing, manufacturing, preparing, purchasing, selling, and dealing in a. situ1:1. tion which approaches closely to a public scandal. milk, milk products. meats, meat products, fish, fish products, food, A just cause can not be harmed by publicity. A just commission food products, breads, biscuits, cakes, extracts, canned goods, sauces, receiving proper information and arriving at proper judgments bas no condiments, teas, coffees, candies, confectioneries, groceries, and all need of secrecy. other articles of commerce suitable for consumption and to conduct The legislative functions of government should be exercised only by each and every of such businesses as wholesalers or retailers: There­ Congress. We therefore recommend that the United States Tariff Com­ fore be .it mi sion be abolished by a special act of Congress, and that if the Con­ Resolved, That the Committee on Manufactures, or any subcommittee gress finds it necessary, for the purposes of obtaining information thereof, be, and it is hereby, authorJzed and directed to investigate the relating to questions of tariff, that then some agency be created which Ward Food Products Corporation, its subsidiaries and affiliated com· shall be appointed by Congress and be subject to its direction and panies, and all other corporations directly or indirectly controlled by re]]}{)val. William B. Ward or his associates, and the National Food Products We call upon the Congress to enact at this session not only Jaws Corporation, its subsidiaries and affiliated companies, and to report its which will protect those farmers who have an exportable surplus of findings and recommendations to the Senate. agricultural products, but which will also abolish the present Tarift ReBolv ea further, 'l'hat for the purpose of this investigation the Com­ Commission and grant adequate tariffs covering agricultural products mittee on Manufactures, or any subcommittee thereof, is authorized to suffering from foreign competition. sit during the sessions or rece ses of Congress in the District of Colum· We further ask for an immediate congres ional investigation of the bia or elsewhere, to send for persons, books, and papers, to administer acts and procedure of the Tariff Commission. oaths, to summon and compel the attendance of witnesses, and to em­ HOUSE BILL REFERRED ploy such personal services and incur such expenses as may be neces­ sary to carry out the purposes of this resolution; such expenditure The bill (H. R. 7906) granting pensions and increase of pen­ shall be paid from the contingent fnnds of the Senate, upon vouchers sions to certain soldiers and sailors of the Regular Army and authorized by the committee and signed by the chairman thereof. Navy, etc., and certain soldiers and sailors of wars other than the Civil War, and to widows of such soldiers and sailors, Mr. CURTIS. Let that resolution go over also, as the .was read twice by its title and referred to the Committee on Senator from Wisconsin [l\Ir. LA FoLLETTE], who submitted it, Pensions. is temporarily absent. MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE The VICE PRESIDENT. The resolution will go over with­ A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. Far­ out prejudice. rell, its enrolling clerk, announced that the House had dis­ THE C~l>A.R agreed to the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 1) The VICE PRESIDENT. Morning business is closed. The to reduce and equalize taxation, to provide revenue, and for calendar, under Rule VIII, is in order. The Secretary will other purposes; agreed to the conference asked by the Senate state the first bill on the calendar. on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses thereon, and that The bill (S. 1134) to authorize the settlement of the in­ Mr. GREEN of Iowa, Mr. HAWLEY, Mr. TREADWAY, Mr. G.ARNE:& debtedness of the Czechoslovak Republic to the T!nited States of Texas, and Mr. CoLLIER were appointed managers on the of America was announced as fu·st in order. part of the House at the conference. Mr. SMOOT. Mr. President, I ask that Order of Business SUPPLYING OF COAL BY GOVERNMENT FUEL YARDS IN DISTRICT No. 3, being Senate bill 1134, the title to which Las just been The VICE PRESIDENT. If there be no fn:rther concurrent stated, and Orders of Business Nos. 4, ·5, 6, 7, and 8, being, or other resolutions, the Chair lays before the Se.nate a resolu­ respectively, Senate bill 1135, Senate bill 1136, Senate bill tion coming over from a prev-ious day, which will be read. 1137, Senate bill 1138, and Senate bill 1139, may go o"Ver. 3968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 15 The YICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, the blUs will "SEc. 3. If the House of Representatives bas not chosen a Presi­ be passed over. dent, whenever the right of choice devolves upon them, before the time fixed f()r the beginning of his term, then the Vice President CHANGE IN DATE OF INAUGURATION chosen for the same term shall act as President until the House of The joint resolution ( S. J. Res. 9) proposing an amendment Representatives chooses a President; and the Congre s shall by law to the Constitution of the United States fixing the commence­ provide that In the event the Vice President has not been chosen before ment of the term of President and Vice President and Members the time fixed for the beginning of his term, what officer shall then of Congress, and fixing the time of the assembling of Congress, act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly until the was announced as next in order. House of Representatives chooses a President, or until the Senate Mr. WILLIS. Mr. President, I desire to make an inquiry chooses a Vice President. o1 the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. NoRRIS], the author of " SEc. 4. This amendment shall take e!Iect on the 15th day ot the joint resolution. He knows I am very much interested in October arter Its ratification." the joint resolution. I voted for it on a previous cccasion, and The amendment was agreed to. I think I shall vote for it again, but I question, as I did a week 1\fr. KING. Mr. President, I should like to inquire of the ago when the joint resolution came up, the advisability of Senator from Nebraska if by law Congress may not accom­ considering such an important matter in the morning hour. plish substantially what is sought to be accomplished by the Doe the Senator think that is wise? It is very important, and it proposed constitutional amendment? In other words, if I seems to me he ought to seek to secure its consideration at some understand the object of the proposed constitutional amend­ time when it can have fuller discussion than it can possibly ment, it is that after a national election the Congress elected have under the rule under which we are now proceeding. may meet at an earlier date than is now prescribed. If that Mr. NORRIS. Mr. President, this is the third time the is the principal object-and it seems to me it is-! believe joint resolution has been before the Senate. It has passed that by law Congress may fix an earlier date for the meeting the Senate twice, 9nce in the last Congress and once in the of the Congress. ll'eceding Cong1·ess, both times in practically the same form I may say to the Senator, if he will permit me, that there in which it nOJV appears, and the last time in exactly the are many reasons, it seems to me, although I do not know how same form. T.l/ere was extended debate on it on one of those appealing they may be to the Senator or to the public gen­ occasions, running over a couple of days. It has received a erally, why the meeting of Congress immediately after an elec­ unanimous report at the hands of the Committee on the Ju· tion, after we have just gone through the heat of the campaign, diciary of the Senate on each occasion. The same joint reso· is not so important. I do not quite know whether the advan­ lution, with some modifications, which were merely changes in tage to be gained by compulsory earlier meetings is more phraseology and a slight change in date, was reported on each important than the disadvantage; but if it is an advantage, occasion after it passed the Senate by the House committee as I have said, we can cure it, I think, by statute. We can and was on the calendar of the House when the Congress amend the present law and provide that Congress may meet finally adjourned on the 4th of March, 1925, and on the 4th at an earlier date. It seems to me that we are tinkering too of March two years preceding. much with the Constitution. I feel that any amendment of Mr. President, if this were the first time the joint resolu­ the Constitution ought to be scrutinized with great care and tion had appeared on the calendar, there would be some rea­ not lJe adopted unless the wisdom of it i "' . o appealing son I think to follow the suggestion of the Senator from Ohio and compelling that there are no arguments of any merit and to take it up at some other time ; but the Senator knows again:t it. that we are going to be crowded with a very great deal of im­ 1\Ir. NORRIS. Mr. President, the Senator raise a very im­ portant legi lation. I have no disposition to limit debate on portant question, and one that deserves an answer. Personally, · the joint resolution or anything of that kind; but, inasmuch I think there is no doubt whatever about the necessity of a as it has been once fully debated, and inasmuch as it was de­ con ~ titutional amendment if we woulu make the change that bated on another occasion, and quite extended hearings were is desired. held on it before the committee, at which time there was prac­ It is true that the Constitution says that Congress hall meet tically no opposition to it, and it was backed, for instance, on the first Monday in December annually Uille s Congress on both occasions by the American Bar Association, which hatl shall by law appoint a different date, and we could change the a committee here urging Congress to pass the joint resolution, meeting of Congress from the first of December until January I do not see any reason why we should take up the time of the if we wanted to ; but still it would be the old Congress that Senate in extended debate. For that reason. it seems to me would. meet, and on the 4th of fllarch it would die by limita­ that we ought to act upon it. The committee has fully con­ tion. of course, so that we would only make it worse than it sidered it twice. is now. Mr. "'ILLIS. I do not object; I imply question the advisa­ The d.ifficulty, l\Ir. President, comes from this fact : The bility of considering the joint re ·olution under the five-minute Constitution of the United States fixe ·· definitely the terms rule. of Senator at six years, the terms of Members of the Hou~e Mr. NORRIS. We are all familiar with it. of Representatives at two years, and the term of the Presitlent 1\Ir. WILLIS. I do not object. at four years; but it nowhere states when any of those terms The "\TJCE PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the consid· shall commence. The fact is that after the adoption of the eration of the joint re olution '! Constitution Congress by joint resolution fixed the day when There being no objection, the Senate as in Committee of the the Government should go into effect at the fir t Wcdue ·day Whole, proceeded to con ider the joint resolution, which was in 1\Ia rch, which happened to be the 4th of lfarch; and hence reported from the Committee on the Judiciary with an amend­ the Pre ident and ~lembers of the House and Sen~te all went ment on page 2, line 17, after the word " Pre ident " to strike into office, accoriling to that act of Congress, on the 4th of out "but if the House of Representatives has not chosen a March. President before noon on the 4th day of March next follow­ t;nder the Constitution, the :Members of the IIouse had ing, then the Vice President shall become President during right to SE:'rve for two years, the ·'Members of the Senate for the remainder of the term " ; so as to make the joint resolu­ six years, and the President for four years. Henee, when the tion read: Constitution got into operation without itself fixing a date when the terms should commence or when the ne\"i· Govem· Reso lrca by the Senate and House of Representati,;es of the United ment hould start, by going in on tile 4th of l\farch it had States of America in Congress assembled (two-thirds of each House con­ the effect of definitely fixing the term; aud tllere is no way CUJTing therein), That the following amendment of the Constitution to change the length of term of a :\Iember of the House or of be, and hereby is, proposed to the States, to become valid as a part the Senate or of the Presif!ent e:--cept by constitutional nrnE>nd­ of said Constitution when ratified by the legislatures of the several ment, because they are specifically stated in the Constitution. States as provided by the Constitution: To my mind, that is a ~ufficlent an wer as a matter of law. "ARTICLE - No one, I take it, would want to change the meetin"" of Con- " SECTTO~ 1. The terms ot the President and Vice Presidl'nt in gress from December to January if we did not change the office at tbe time this amendment takes effect shall end at noon ou ' term, because the short session is already too short. from De· the third Monday in January and tbe terms of Senators and Repre· cember until 1\Iarch, and that would make it still shorter. sentativPs then in office at noon on the first Monday in January, of We could fix it earlier if we wanted to. That has never been th~ year in which such terms would have ended if this article had not done, becam;e it was never possible to agree upon a time; uut been ratified, and the terms ot their successors shall then begin. if we di£1 that by statute, suppose we fixed the se sion of Con- " SEc. 2. The Congress shall assemble at least once In every year gres" to bE:'gin in January. On the 4th of Murcll we would all and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in Janaary unless they go out, because it is the end of a Congre s, and the expiration shall by law appoint a dift'erent day. of the terms of a third of the Senate aud all of the Honse, and 1926 CONGR.ESSION AL RECORD-SEN ATE 3969 every four years lt would be the expiration of the term of the able action in. the House, and therefore did not become a law. President. I can not see any distinction between the extension of the If this amendment should be agreed to, this would be the time and the cutting down of the time, unless it is to affect effect of it: We would meet in January after election. Not the term of a Member already elected; and by passing a law the old Congress, but the new one, elected in November, would that would take effect beyond the term of any present sitting actually commence to function in January following; and :Member it seems to me the same result could be accomplished th~ir term of office being, for instance, in the case of :Members by legislation as well as by constitutional amendment. of the House, two years from January, Senators six years, and I am· not opposed to the proposal of the Senator from Ne­ the President four years, they would not be limited in the braska. His general purpose, I think, is correct, and I shall holding of the sessions and have to quit on the 4th of March. vote for his proposal; but I ha-ve never seen why it could not In other words, we would meet annually, just as we do now, be accomplished by legislation, and I merely wanted to call at­ but there would be no such thing as a short session of Congress. tention to that precedent in that connection. The length of the session would be limited. only by the ex- Mr. CUMl\IINS. I think there is a very great difference piriltion of the term of the office, which would always be one between the proposal of fixing the time for the inauguration year, at least. The practical result would be that the short of the President in April and the effect of the present pro­ session of Congress would be abolished, and there would be posed constitutional amendment. The purpose of that bill­ two session in each Congress, one just like the other. although I was not here at that time, of com·se-was to secure We all know the evils of the short session of C-ongress. It a better climatic condition for Washington at the· time of the is UJinecessary to go over that subject. It has been gone over inauguration of the President. March is not regarded as a in great detail, not only in Congress and in the committee but favorable month for the ceremonies which attend the inaugu­ in the country. That is the evil that we want to avoid by this ration of a President; but if the new Cong1·ess is to meet in amendment-the short session of Congress-and to put the January following the election of the new Congress, I can new Congress into actual operation sooner after election. not see any way in which we can avoid shortening the terms Under existing conditions, we have an election in November; of the Members of the House and some of the Members of the a new Congress is elected; but, unless a special session of Con- Senate. I do not think it could be accomplished ; and that can gress is called by the President, the :Members do not actually not be done under the Constitution, because, as the Senator commence to function in office until 13 months after. they have from Nebraska has already said, the Constitution fixes detl­ been elected, and when the short session meets it is the old nitely the terms of office. Congress that meets. They may have all been defeated; but Mr. NORRIS. :Mr. President, if the Senator will yield the new Congress, although elected, is absolutely powerless to there, I am not familiar with the attempt of Senator Hoar function. _ to change this matter, as suggested by the Senator from Iowa; Another thing is, suppose the election of the President but I am inclined to think that if we looked it up we would should be thrown into the House of Representatives. It would find that the only thing the Senator from Massachusetts bad be the old Congress that would elect a new President to serve in mind was to defer the ceremonies that go with the inaugu.. for four years, although it might be possible and would always ration of the President. be probable that the old Congress had already been defeated Mr. UNDERWOOD. No; if the Senator will allow me, I for reelection at the time they elected a President to rule over desire to correct him. the country for four years. I do not know any other way Mr. NORRIS. I stand corrected. then. to meet it except by an amendment to the Constitution and by Mr. UNDERWOOD. I happened to be on the Judiciary simply fixing the beginning of the term in January. In that Committee of the House at the time, and I was a member of way we would meet all of those conditions. the subcommittee to which the bill was referred, and I have Mr. :McLEAN. Mr. President-- some distinct recollection about it. That was not the only Mr. NORRIS. I yield to the Senator from Connecticut. thing involved, because that legislation deferred the beginning Mr. McLEAN. Did the committee consider the propdety of I of the term. Of course, if the term had commenced on the limiting both sessions of Congress, say, to the 1st of June o~ . 4th of March and the ceremonies only took place in April, some other date? the Senator would be right; but that was not the purpose of Mr., NORRIS. No; that was not given consideration at any I the bill. time in the hearings. Mr. NORRIS. Very well; I stand corrected. I want to say, Mr. McLEAN. I was wondering il that would not be a good while the Senator has permitted me to interrupt him, that I plan, and to provide, of course, that the President could call do not believe this change can be brought about without chang­ a special se sion. ing the terms of Senators and Members of the House and the l\Ir. NORRIS. Of course, that might be done; but that is President. They must be either lengthened or shortened. In­ something that it would not need an amendment to the Con- stead of fixing the beginning in January we could fix it in April stitution to provide. I want to say to the Senator, however, or May and lengthen the term of those in office. This thing that whenever you fix by law in advance, either by constitu- is not so important, however, as one would think. It will tional amendment or by statute-and we could fix it by stat- only change the term of office from the 4th of March to the 1st ute-the day when a session of Congress must terminate you of January, about two months. In practical effect it will have are treading on dangerous groun.d. In other words, you are• l but very little effect, because, fo. r instance, if it took place during always making it possible, when you fix a definite day for ad- the term of a President who subsequently was reelected he journment in advance, for filibusters to take place and be would go right on, and the same way with Members of the successful. House who were reelected and Members of the Senate who were Mr. CUMMINS. Mr. President, to emphasize the point made t·eelected. by the Senator from Nebraska, it seems well to say at this In any event it can not make very much of a change, and time that the question raised by the Senator from Utah [Mr. for practical purposes in that respect will be really no change ~o] has been twice very ca1·efully examined by the Judiciary whatever. If we extend the term of those in office over to May, Committee since my connection with that committee, and each let us say, we will eliminate then ·the best part of the year time the committee has reached the conclusion that it is im- I for legislative work. Everybody knows that when we run into possible to accomplish the purpose that is de.sire

Mr. OVERMAN. Mr. President1 was not this land at one have now in the Treasury I do not feel that we w~uld have to time condemned? make very much of an appropriation to purchase this land and :Mr. FERNALD. Yes; it was. It is a very interesting story. have the Government own it and stop paying that rental of 1\Ir. OVERMAN. Is not the value stated here more than the $75,000. condemnation price? Mr. SWANSON. Mr. President, will the Senator yield for 1\fr. W A.RREN. Mr. President, if the Senator from Maine a minute? will yield to me, I will say to the Senator from North Carolina Mr. FERNALD. I yield; yes. that we provided long ago for buying all of this land, and Mr. SWANSON. If the Government does not buy this prop­ purchased a considerable part of it at open sale between buyer erty now, and four or five or six years go by, we shall be and seller, and the rest was appraised in condemnation pro­ compelled to buy it to have a proper approach to the Capitol. ceedings. Then, on account of the changing of administrations Mr. FESS. At a good deal higher price. and changing of legislative committees, and so forth, some Mr. SWANSON. When buildings have been put up there thinking the price was too high and others allowing it to lie and the Government determines ultimately to have a proper dormant, nothing was done until the war started, and then approach to the Capitol it will cost three, four, five, or ten the war brought on what the Senator has so well described. times as much as it will cost now. It was a great mistake Mr. OVERMAN. What is the difference between the price not to have purcha ed this property in 1913 and 1914. before now proposed to be paid for the land and the price fixed by the war began. If it bad been acquired then, either by con­ the commissioners who condemned it? demnation or by other process, we would have it now. It is Mr. FERNALD. Of course, Mr. President, we can not say utterly impossible for a great Nation like this to continue to what the price would be. I will say that the railroad people have approaches to the Capitol such as we have now. are anxious to sell. They have had an opportunity to sell These people have waited for years and years, and have not to the parties who are building this large hotel right opposite constructed any buildings on this land. They are not going here. This takes in all of the property from North Capitol to wait any longer. We shall have to spend thousands and Street down to Second Street and New Jersey Avenue. thousands of dollars more if the property is not taken now. Mr. OVERMAN. Was not the reason why we did not pur­ There is a b~g demand for land near the Capitol and the depot, chase because the price was too high? and if buildings are put up on this land ultimately the Gov­ Mr. FERNALD. No; I will tell the Senator the exact reason ernment will have to condemn the buildings and pay for the why we did not purchase. It is rather a long story, but I will property. be as brief as possible. I favor, and favored years ago, buying this property. It was In 1914, after the condemnation proceedings bad taken included in the tract to be purchased and was delayed on ac­ place and the court had determined the value of the property count of the war. I believe that the best time to buy this land and what price should be paid to the railroad company, some is now; and if we do not buy it now, we will pay two and three Member of the other House felt that if the matter was taken and four times more for it later. That is the conviction I have. from the courts and placed in the hands of a commission the Mr. FLETCHER. Mr. President-- property might be purchased for a lower price than the court Mr. FERNALD. I yield to the Senator from Florida. had declared. That commission had been acting for a little Mr. FLETCHER. Is it intended eventually to remove all of more than two years. During the two years they had pur­ the buildings, and include aU this property in the Capitol chased these three lots, and the other seven were still not Grounds? purchased when the Pre~ident was obliged to take over the Mr. SWANSON. Yes; for a park. property and build upon it. It is unfortunate that the power Mr. FLETCHER. As part of the park system? house and the laund1·y, buildings which are necessary to carry Mr. SW .ANSON. Yes; but there is no use in removing the on these hotels, are on the railroad property. buildings until the land is condemned and the plans for the Let me say to the Senator from Utah that in the long period park are completed. Until that is done it would be better to that we have operated these hotels for many years we averaged leave tbe buildings as they are. After we have done that the l,i>OO girls, and, of course, the more we had the less expense buildings can be removed. we were under, until now the number has gotten down to It is utterly impossible to have a magnificent Capitol like about 1,250. The last report was 1,251. Still that is a great this of the greatest nation in the world, and have all kinds of many. The last report showed a loss in six months. of $14,000; buildings right next to the Capitol and unde~ no control as far but during the summer the number of girls was cut down to as the Government is concerned. I will guarantee that if we about 1,000. Now it is increa~ing. I suppose we have perhaps do not buy this property now and make a park out of the land, 1,300 there now, and it is hoped that we may break even in in 5 or 10 years, or even 2 or 3 years, whatever the time is, the next six months. we will have to pay four or five tjmes the amount for it. 1\1r. KING. The last six month the hotels were operated at Mr. FERNALD. That is the history of all these purchases. a loss? Mr. KENDRICK. Does this proposed acquisition include all Mr. FERNALD. At a lo."s of $14,000. the territory that the Government will need in completing the Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, may I ask the Senator grounds between here and the station? whether those in charge are undertaking to curtail the number Mr. FERNALD. So far as I know, this completes the pm:­ accommodated there? chase of all the property that is required in that direction. 1926 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3975 Mr. KENDRICK. I think the Senator has well said that :Mr. KING. It is recommended by the War Department, I whatever it may cost now, it would cost more later on. presume? Mr. SWANSON. The committee examined this matter Mr. WADSWORTH. Oh, yes. thoroughly. I was a member of the committee. We looked The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, at the different blocks, and this is all that I think we need to ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third complete a proper 8.lld good approach and park between the iim,e, and passed. Capitol and the depot. CAPT. CURTIS L. STAFFORD ~lr. McKELLAR. l\!r. President-- The bill (S. 1481) to authorize the President to appoint Mr. FERNALD. I yield to the Senator from Tennessee. Capt. Curtis L. Stafford a captain of Cavalry in the Regular l\lr. McKELLAR. Can the Senator tell us as to the nature of Army was considered as in Committee of the Whole and was the title of the railroad company? Do they hold this property read, as follows: in fee simple, or was it merely condemned for railroad pur­ poses? Be 1t enacted, etc., That the President of the Cnited States be, and 1\!r. FERNALD. They own the property. They have an hereby is, authorized to appoint, by and with the advice and consent ab ·olute deed to the property. I do not know about the title. of the Senate, Curtis L. Staft'ord a captain of Cavalry in the Regular Mr. COPELAND. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? Army of the Cnited States with rank from July 1, 1920 : Prov ided, Mr. FERNALD. Yes; I yield to the Senator. That no back pay or allowances shaH accrue as a result of the passaga l\lr. COPELAND. Does the proposed purchase include all of this act and there shall be no increase in the total number of that is marked in red on the map? captains of the Regular Army now authorized by law by reason of the Mr. FERNALD. All that is marked in red; yes. passage of ~is act. Mr. COPELAND. Does it include this property at F and 1\Ir. WADSWORTH. Mr. President, I will say to the Sena­ Second Streets? tor from Utah [Mr. KING] who, I see, is about to ask about l\Ir. FERNALD. The yellow is the District property and the it, that this is not a new appointment. This man is now in blue is owned by the Government. the Army, and has been for some time, as a commissioned Mr. COPELAND. Now it is proposed to buy all that is officer. They got the date of his birth wrong. It made a marked in pink? I am very much in favor of it. I hope it will change in his relative rank in the grade of captain. This is be done. really to have him reappointed and put him in the proper Mr. KING. Mr. President. I desire to ask the Senator a place relatively on the promotion list in accordance with his que tion. I notice that the Vice President and the Speaker of age. the House and the Architect of the Capitol are constituted a The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, commission to institute the suit. Is not that a rather singular ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third arrangement? time, and passed. Air. FE~NALD. It is the same form that we had before in EASEMENTS UPON PUBLIC MILITARY RESERVATIONS the original bill of 1905. The bill (S. 1482) to authorize the Secretary of War to grant Mr. · KING. Of course I have no doubt that Congress could easements in and upon public military reservations and other authorize anybody to bring the suit, but I was wondering why it lands under his control was considered as in -Committee of the was not brought in the name of the Government itself, or the Whole 8.lld was read, as follows : District of Columbia, instead of the Vice President and the Speaker of the House. Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, Mr. FERNALD. It was necessary to name somebody. authorized and empowered, under such terms and conditions as are Mr. SWANSON. I should like to say that some people deemed advisable by him, to grant easements for rights of way over, desired to include more of this land than the committee thought across, in, and upon public military reservations ·and other lands under was wise, but we have simply included in it what we thought his control, for gas, water, and sewer pipe lines, to any citizen, asso­ was necessary. We have not extended it any farther than we ciation, or corporation of any State, Territory, or possession of the thought was just and proper in order to provide suitable United States: Prot•ided, That such rights of way shall be granted approaches to the Capitol. only upon a finding by the Secretary of War that the same will be in The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill is before the Senate as in the public interest and will not substantinlly injure the interest of Committee of the Whole and open to amendment. If there be the United States in the property affected thereby: ProL·ided ftwther, no amendment to be proposed, the bill will be reported to the That all or any part of such rights of way may be annulled and for­ Senate. feited by the Secretary of War for failure to comply with the terms The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, or conditions of any grant hereunder or for nonuse or for abandon­ ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, ment of rights granted und~r the authority hereof: And provided and passed. further, That the Secretary of War shall include in his annual report to the President a full and complete statement of each and all ease­ PROMOTION OF PROFESSOR AT MILITARY ACADEMY ments granted, which statement shall also include the name and The bill (S. 2274) providing for the promotion of a professor address of the grantee, the purpose of the grant, and the benefits at the United States Military Academy was considered as in accruing to the United States or to the public therefrom. Committee of the Whole and was read, as follows : The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, Be it enacted, etc., That any officer of the United States Army now ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, holding the position of permanent professor at the United States Mili­ and passed. tary Academy, and who on July 2, 1921, would have become entitled to ISSUE OF ARMS AND AMMUNITION TO PROTECT PUBLIC MO NEY A~D his promotion to a colss. It shall be unlawful fot• any agent or agents, sllall be paid for, as it were, by tbe tmn fer of funds from the attorney. or attorneys to exact, collect, withhold, or receive any sum requi:"itioning department to tbe War Department. Tbe War which in the aggregate exceeds 30 per cent of the amount appropri­ Depa1tment will get its money back and can replace tile articles ated by this act. tim transferred with such funds. :M r. KL. YG. ~Ir. Pre iuent, I heartily approve of the ·e re­ Mr. KING. I would like to have some explanation of the striction::;. Ordinurily tbe War Department has been made merits of the bill. a sort of a pack horse, or, to use the laLgnage of the street, Mr. EDWARDS. Mr. Pre. ident, this is a bill similar to the the ·• "Oat." I know of many organizations of the Govern­ one which passed the Senate in the last Congress, Lot too late ment ;llich llave made requests to which the 1\.,.ar Department to be passed by the House of Representatives. It has been by ha · responded, and they are charged with them, of cour~e. approved and reported the Committee on Claims, and also When they come back in many instance.· they are in bad by tbe Court of Claim~. The amount has been reduced from repair or no goou whatever. $14,000 to $7 000. The bill proyides for the reimbur ement of Mr. WADSWORTH. I am glad tbe Senator bas reached this lady for the u e of a patented article taken by the United that dew. The War Department has been Santa Claus for State Government, and the Court of Claim held that it is a tbe entiJ:e Government for many years. fair, hone t, and ju. t rlaim. !\Jr. KIJ'\G. It ha , and the Senator knows that we ba\e Mr. BRUCE. May I ask the Senator from New Jer ey the passed many bills which have had that in \iew. I do not amount of the claim? think the ''ar Department ought to be called upon to furnish Mr. EDW.ARDS. About $7,000. The Court of Claims re­ thPse supplies. ported it at $14.000. and the committee reduced it to 50 cents Mr. W ADS,YORTH. Of course, there are instances, the a grip instead of $1 a grip. It is a patented appliance for Senator will admit, where another department has a legitimate use on firearms. u. e for arms. For example, the postal authorities may want The bill was reported to the Senate vii.hout amendment, to arm men on the railway mail trains or on tbe mail n·ucks. ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third In fact, they bave done o upon several occasions. I can time, and passed. imagine, in addition to that, that tbe forest patrol service MBS. PATRICK H. BODKIN might want to get some kind of military equipment, a car­ The bill (S. 1661.) conferring jurisdiction upon tbe Court of tridge belts or pistols or even rifles, and they can get them from Claims to hear and determine tbe claim of :Mr . . Patrick H. the War Department. It may be that a Federal reserve bank Bodkin was considered as in Committee of the Wbole and wns woulu like to arm its watchmen with pistols; I do not know read, as follows : a. to that. If the War Department bas the arms, it may Be it e·11acted, etc., That within six months from the date of the furnish them ; but tho. ·e getting them should be made to pay pa age of this act a petition may be filed with the Court of Claims for them. · by or on beha1! of Mrs. Patrick H. Bodkin, of Blythe, Riverside County, The bill was reported to tbe Senate without amendment, Calif., for a hearing of a claim fN· reimbursement for all los , liability, ordered to be engrossed for a third reae Corps, and the Enlisted Reserve Corps who have or shall become .A. V. YEARSLEY entitled for a continuous period of less than one month to Federal The bill ( S. 977) for the relief of A. V. Yearsley was con­ pay at the rates fixed for the Regular Army, wb('ther by virtue of a sidered as in Committee of the Whole and was read, as follow· : call by the President, of attendance at school or maneuver, or of uny Be it enacted, etc., That the.Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is other cause, and whose accounts have not yet been settled, shall re­ hereby, authot·ized and directed to pay to A. Y. Yearsley, of Port Penn, ceive such pay for each day of such period, and the 31st day of a Del., out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, calendar month shall not be excluded from the computation.'" the sum of $87.22, said sum being due A. V. Yearsley for merchandise l\Ir. WADSWORTH. l\Ir. President, the only change in exist­ furnished to the ReediV Island naval station mess during the year 1918. ing law provided for in this bill is the insertion on page 2, The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, line 2, of the words '' the Enlisted Reserve Corps," so that the ordered to be engrossed for a third ren:ding, read the third time, pay schedules of the National Guard, the Officers' Reserve and passed. Corps, and the Enlisted Reserve Corps shall all be upon the HORACE G. K "OWLES same basis in the event that any of these elements are called into active service and put on Federal pay. The Enlisted The bill (S. 978) for the relief of Horace G. Knowles was Reserve Corps was omitted by an oversight. considered as in Committee of the Whole and was read, as The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, follows: ordered to be engro sed for a third reading, read the third time, Be it enacted, etc., That the Sect·etary of the Tr·easury be, and he is and passed. hereby, authorized and directed to pay, out of any money in the Treasury DISTRffiUTIO~ OF W .AR TROPHIES not otherwise appropriated, the sum of $7,296.49 to Horace G. KnowlE>s The bill (S. 2475) to amend an act entitled "An act to pro­ as salary for the period of March 30, 1909, to December 22, 1909, vide for the equitable distribution of captured war devices and during which period he was commissioned as a minister of the United trophies to the States and Territories of the United States and Stutes to Nicaragua and was all that whole period under instructions to the District of Columbia," approved June 7, 1924, was con­ to await orders of the State Department. sidered as in Committee of the Whole and was read, as follows: Mr. KING. I would like to have an exphnation of the bill. Be it enacted, etc., That section 2 and section 3 ot an act entitled 1\fr. BAYARD. A similar bill passed the Senate in the last "An act to provide for the equitable distribution of captlll'ed wnr Congress. The facts, briefly stated, are these: devices and trophies to the States and Territories of the Fnited States :Mr. Knowles was apppinted to a foreign post, I think in and to the District of Columbia," approved June 7, 1924, be amended Rumania, and while there he was given another appointment to to read as follows : Nicaragua. He came home under the instructions of the State " SEc. 2. That for the purposes of this act the reports heretofore Department, and during his period of instruction he remained compiled under the direction of the Secretary of War showing the here in Washington. At the end of that period, and just about number of men in the armed forces of the United States accredited tbe time he was to leave for his post in Nicaragua, some rlis· to each State, Territory, and possession of the United States, and to the agreement broke out between Nicaragua and this country, to District of Columbia, either by enlistment or by the process of the such an extent that l\Ir. Knowle~ could not go to his post. He selective service act, or otherwise drawn into and becoming an integral was obliged to remain here, apparently on duty, until Decem­ part of the armed forces of the United States during the period April ber of that year, 1909. While he was here on duty-and for­ 7, 1917, to November 11, 1918, and the allotment of war trophies bidden, under the rules of the department, to pursue any gain­ suitable for distribution among the several States, Territories, and ful occupation-he had to sit here and twiddle his thumbs. possessions, and the District of Columbia, shall serve as the basis ot He made application to the State Department for pay. He distribution. As soon as practicable after the date upon which this received pay for that period of his stay here only during his act shall become effective the Secretary of War shall cause the chief 3978 CONGRESSIO~AL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 15 executive of each of the several States, Territories, and possessions, ing June 30, 1927, and for other purpo es, which had been and the Commissioners of the Distt·ict of Columbia to be informed of reported from the Committee on Appropriations with amenck Hwau on as soon as practicable after the chief executive or the commissioners Copeland Harrison Norris Trammell Couzens Heflin Nye 'l'y on thereof, as the case may require, shall have informed the Secretary of Cummins Howell Oddie Underwood War that ucb .State, Territory, pos ession, or Di trict will accept and Curtis Jones, Wash. Overman WadRWOI'th Deneen Kendrick Pepper Walsh take possession thereof as hereinbefore provided for and will relieve Dill Kpyes Phipps WarrE'n the "Cnited States of all responsibility for the safe delivery of the Edge King Pine Willis material and of all charges, costs, and expense whatsoever connected :Mr. HARRISON. I de~ire to announce that the senior Sena­ with the transportation thereof: Provided, Tllat it the chief execu­ tor from North Carolina [Mr. SIMMONS] and the senior Senator tive or the commissioners of any State, Territory, possession, or Dis­ from Rhode Island [Mr. GERRY] are detained in the conferenc• trict shall not, within one year after notification of. the character and on the revenue bill. quantity of the apportionment, file with the Secretary of War such ac­ The VICE PRESIDENT. Sixty-four Senators having an­ ceptance and agreement, such apportionment, or any part thereof, shall be swered to their names, a quorum is present. reapportioned and redistributed as the Secretary of War shall determine. Mr. WARREN. Mr. Pre ident, the bill with which we are and any re~idue not accepted or rejected shall be sold as surplus prop­ about to proceed is one about which I perhaps ought to ay a erty as it then is and wbere it then is, or shall be destroyed, all as word before the reading begins. thP Secretary of War, in his discretion, shall determine; and like In the first place, it is the large t bill that bas ever been action shall be taken in respect to war device and trophies considered presented to the Senate or the Cm1gre in the form of an by the Secretary of War as unsuitable for distribution." annual supply bill. It amounts to $868,500,000. in round num­ M1·. KING. I. this for the purpose of distributing cannon bers. The appropriation for the Treasury Department amounts and other capture<} material? to something over $130,000,000 and the appropriation for the Mr. WADSWORTH. The Senator will recollect that two Post Office Department is approximately $764,000,000. The bill years ago Congre finally passed a bill for the distribution is about $110,000,000 larger than the similar bill of a year avo. of captured German trophies, and a system was set up by About $106,000,000 of the increa e is contained in the post-office which the trophies houJ.d be allotted to each State in pro­ appropriation, caused partly by the growth of the busines. and portion to the number of soldiers and sailors contributed by the partly by our action in increa ing the salaries of so many of State to the Axmy and Navy. The dist1ibution within the the Post Office Department employees. State was placed in the hands of the governor of the State. The bill carries a million and a half less than tbe total e ti­ At that time the War Department submitted an official li t mate for the Treasury Department and two and a half millions of trophies, cla. sified as to types, and summed up as to num­ less than the amount estimated for the Po t Office Department. bers. The Congress passed the act on the theory that that At this time I make the usual request that we may omit the was the complete number of trophies, type by type. formal reading of the bill, that the bill may be read for amend­ It has developed that the War Deputment would like to ments, and that the committee amendments may be first con­ distribute various other articles that were captured, which sidered. There are Yery few committee amendments in the at that time they did not think available. In addition a entire bill. Less than $1,000,000 was added by the Senate few of the States have not used up their quotas. This bill committee. provides that in the event a State does not care to use up its The YICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the request quota, the surplus credited to that State may be distributed of the Senator from Wyoming? The Chair hears nonP, and it in other States in the same fashion. is so ordered. The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, The legislative clerk proceeded to read the bill. ordered to be engros. ed for a third reading, read the thil'd The first amendment of the Committee on Appropriations time, and passed. was, under the heading " Treasury Department, Office of tbe THE COAL SITUATION Secretary," on page 2, line 17, after the word "g-rade," to The resolution ( S. Res. 115) requesting the President to in. ert "unless in unusually meritorious cases the Personnel take steps to bring about an immediate resumption of anthra­ Classification Board shall otherwise direct," so as to read: cite coal mining was announced as next in order. Salaries: Secretary of the Treasury, $15,000 ; Undersecretary of the Mr. WILLIS. The object of the resolution has already been Treasury, $10,000; three Assi tant Secretaries of the Treasury, o.nd accomplished, and I move that the resolution be indefinitely other personal services in the Distrirt of Columbia in accordance with postponed. " The classification act of 1923," $125,000; in all, $150,000 : Provided, The motion was agreed to. That in expending appropriations or portions of appropriations con­ .AMENDMENT OF PENAL LAWS tained in this ~ct for the payment for personal services 1n the District The bill ( S. 2119) to amend section 37 of the act entitled of Columbia, in accordance with "The classification act or 1923," the average of the salaries of the total number of persons under any grade u An act to codify, revise, and amend the penal law-s of the United States," approved March 4, 1909, as amended, was in any bureau, office, or other appropriation unit shall not at any time announced as next in order. exceed the average of the compensation rates specified for the grade Mr. KING. A number of the members of the Committe on by such act, and in grades in which only one position is allocated the Judiciary have asked for further consideration of this the salary of such position shall not exceed the average of the compen­ bill, and I have agreed that I would ask that it be recom­ sation rates for the grade unless in unusually meritorious cases the mitted to the Committee on the Judiciary in order that the Per onnel Classification Board shall otherwi e direct. Treasury Department might be given an opportunity to pre­ The amendment was agreed to. sent its views. I therefore ask that this bill be recommitted CRITICISM OF IMMIGRATION REGULATIONS to the Committee on the Judiciary. Mr. COPELAND. Mr. President, I suppose every American The VICE PRESIDE!\"'T. Without objection the bill will citizen has been reading the story of the activities of the be recommitted to the Committee on the Judiciary. Labor Department relative to the r-<>ssible exclusion of the TREASURY .AND POST OFFICE APPROPRIATIONS Countess of Cathcart. It is my judgment that eYery citizen The VICE PRESIDENT. The hour of 2 o'clock having must blush with shame over these stories. arrived, the Chair lays before the Senate the unfinished busi­ I am wondering when the Labor Department laid aside its ness, House bill 6959. practice of distributing ju tice with £.n even hand. I want to The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, proceeded to inquire why the Countess of Cathcart should be dealt with consider the bill (H. R. 5959) making appropriations for the any differently than her partner in what the Labor Department Treasury and Post Office Departments for the fiscal year end- has defined as "moral tur~itude" ? Why has the Earl of 192G COXGRESSION AL RECORD-SEN ATE 3979 Craven been permitted to go his way undisturbed by official Mr. BRUCE. Mr. President, may I ask the Senator from interference? New York whether he thinks or does not think the conduct of . At this point I ask that the clerk may read an editorial this lady to have been a.n act of moral turpitude? which appeared in this morning's New York World. Mr. COPELAND. I have no doubt it was an act of moral The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. 0nniE in the chair). With­ turpitude. I rose in my place to say, however, that the same out objection, the clerk will read as requested. punishment which is meted out to the Countess of Cathcart The legislatiYe clerk read as follows: should be meted out to the Earl of Craven. [From the New Yor·k World, February 15, 1926] Mr. BRUCE. Yes; but I do not suppose that the Senator from New York agrees with that editorial from the New York OFFICIAL DUXCES World in stating that the conduct of the Government is merely An idiotic administration o! the law, and not the law itself, is hypocritical in treating the act of the lady as an act of moral responsible for the humiliating misconduct of the Government in re­ turpitude? spect to the Countess of Cathcart and the Earl o! Craven. The law :Mr. COPELAND. So far as that is concerned, frankly, I lays down a reasonable enough doctrine in language of which the intent do not agree with the editorial ; but I am very much concerned is plain enough to anyone who chooses to use such brains as God gave about the failure of the Labor Department, having learned the him. The law says in section 19 of the general immigration act of guilt of both parties, to administer these cases in exactly the February, 1917, that "any alien who has been convicted of or who has same way. admitted the commission prior to entry of a crime involving moral The administration's enthusiastic reception of Joseph Cail- _ turpitude may be excluded after admittance within fiye years." laux appears to have been the first evidence of a series of Neithet• the countess nor the earl has been couvicted of any crime. attacks of temporary blindness to the morals of America's They were, respectively, the corespondent and respondent in a civil di· distinguished visitors. When he reached l\ew York Harbor vorce action, and however much they may have sinned they are under Caillaux was taken ashore ahead of the passengers of more no obligation to admit that they are criminals. They are not criminals. modest worth. Officials of the Government eagerly grasped If to be the guilty party in a divorce action is to be a criminal, then his hand and gave him a cordial welcome. in the last three years there were produced at least half a million The Earl of Craven, too, l\Ir. President, had a gr~cious American criminals. Of this half a million there are at least 100,000 official and social reception. It is enough to disgust every citi­ who committed adultery. Were they convicted of a crime involving zen to observe the obsequiousness of our officials to these men, moral turpitude? If they were, how does it happen that they are at while a weak woman is pounced upon as a proper victim of large, that they- can vote, and that when they travel abroad they are puritanical abuse. offered the full diplomatic pi'otection of the Government of the United Mr. President, I wish to say to the Senator from Maryland States? [Mr. BRUCE] I hold no brief for the countess and certainly There is no reason whatever for thinking that the law was meant none for the earl, but eYery fair-minded citizen demands that to apply to the defendants in a suit for divorce. There is nothing in the penalties imposed under our laws be applied equally. I the law which in any way commands or even authorizes Commissioner know the spid.t of America well enough, I am sure, to say Cun·an or the Secretary of Labor to detain the countess or to depot·t that the country will not tolerate anything short of absolute the earl. When Congress spoke of a cl'ime involving moral turpitude impar tiality in the treatment of these visitors. Our Govern­ it meant a crime and not a sin. It meant murder, robbery, embezzle­ ment should never be guilty of recognizing a double standard ment. and the like, not sin, not vice, not caddishness. The reason of morals. It was to this end that I ro ... e from my seat to say Congress used the phrase " involving moral turpitude " was to define what I have said. and limit the kind of crime for which an a.lien was to be excluded. Mr. BRUCE. Mr. President, I have read the accounts of He was not to be excluded because in the eyes of the Czar of Russia this matter in the press. When the man was asked whether or the bolshevists of Russia or Mussolini or Horthy he was a political he had been guilty of moral turpitude in any form he stated criminal. He was to be excluded only if he had committed an ordi· that he had not. When the lady was asked whether she had nary, sordid offense which would be a crime in any civUized state. been she said "yes." It seems to me that, assuming that those The notion that this essentially literal phrase was meant to ~over press reports are correct, it necessarily follows that the Gov­ a private sin as well as a public crime is prepostet·ous. ernment would deal in a different way with the man from what That the whole business is due wholly to stupidity at Ellis Island it did with the woman. and at Washington is evident by examining the method o! adminis· IMMIGRATION A~D MEXICAN AFFAIRS tration in this case. The Earl of Craven ani>es in this country and is a ·ked to define his marital status. He says tL'Uthfully that he l\Ir. Kil\G. l\Ir. P resident, the Senator from N"ew York has is a married man. He is admitted. The Cou.ntess of Cathcart ar· just referred to certain immigration officials of the United rives, is asked the same question, and says truthfully that she has States who are stationed at New York. Without commenting been dir-or<.:ed. She is pot through an inquisition, is subjected to upon their action or expressing any opinion with reference to what most people would regard as an intolerable humiliation, and the propriety of not admitting into the United States certain will then be shipped home branded by the United States Govern· titled English persons who are seeking entrance, I desire ment in all its majesty as a person who bas committed a crime briefly to call attention to the conduct of American immigration involving turpitude. A few blockheads at Ellis Island and Wash· officials on the l\lexican border. ington will have convicted her as a criminal. And thereupon, to Dul'ing the various revolutions in Mexico numerous Mexicans even matters up and at least to make injustice equal, the Earl of who were affiliated with defeated forces fled from Mexico to Craven and his \\1fc. now r e-cnnciled, are to be morally lynched. save their lives. The vjctorious party usually inflicted sum- The damnable pat·t of the whole business is that the countess mary punishment upon all persons whom it captured and who could enter the l:!nited States if only she would lie, and the earl were connected with the vanquished party. The captured were could remain here if only he would behave like a cad. Acco1·ding generally court-martialed and shot. Often even the formality to the official dunces who made the regulations and enforce them, of court-martial proceedings was dispensed with. l\Iany poUt­ all that would have been necessary to make the countess eligible for ical refugees from :Mexico have, during revolutionary periods entry would have been for her to say that she was single, which in Mexico, sought an asylum in the United States, alld hundreds, was true, or that she was engaged to be married, which was also if not thousands, of Mexicans o~ culture and education, per·sons true. .All the earl would have to do is to refuse to adrnlt his relation- who desired peace and loved liberty, were compelled to flee ship \\~ith the countess and officialdom in all its sacrosanctity would from their native land and to seek protection upon American haye been satisfied. If the earl had refused to share the blame with soil. "\"Vithin this category were many who were not par­ the l.'onntess and bad refused to talk, the chivalrous gentlemen who tisans of de facto or revolutionary governments and who conduc t our Immigration Service would have no grounds for deporting looked "ith regret, and often with despair, upon the carnage him. and bloodshed and revolution which brought woe and sorrow An admiuistl'ation which works in this fashion is contemptible. and ruin to millions of their innocent countrymen. It is un­ Thc officials who conduct it are contemptible. 'l"heir stupidity, their fortunate that political ambition and factional strife have so hyvocrisy, theit· utter lack of sense of justice is galling. The cost of often interrupted Mexico's progress toward freedom and eco­ such administration to the people of the "'C'nited States is immeasur- nomic emancipation. able. For it represents us to all the world as a Nation of pharisees, But a short ·time ago there was a bitter contest between of hypocrites, and of self-satisfied fools. We are not that sort o! the f~llowers of De. la Huerta a~d the s~p~rters of OlJr~go n people, but what civilized person in Europe contemplating this case and Calles.. The. forces of t he former were aefeate_d and ma!lY and the Kurolyi case and the Saklatvala case will belieYe us when we I of. those allied With them and some ~ho were ~ot m s ymp~tny pt·otest that in spite of the action of our· officials we are really a :With the present Government of l\:Iex1co left their country, rear- ci'"ilized people? mg that they would be arres ted and executed. · It is felt by many who are familiar with conditions in Mr. COPELAND. Mr. President, I hope every citizen will Mexico but who live in other countries, that military opera- read that editorial, because it is provocatiy_e of thought. tions in Mexico are not always conducted in conformity with 3980 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 15 the principles of civilize(] warfare. Victorious military com­ Sefior Martinez to-night cbarg,ed Department of .Justice agents with manders, it is said, too often are animated by a spirit of re­ confiscating the private correspondence of :\Iexican refugees anu allow· venge and give way to spasms of ferocious cruelty, the result ing it to be examined by a representative of tbe Calles government. of which is that captured opponents, and often noncombatants He told the Associated Press that on December 16 an operative en­ and innocent persons, are summarily led to unknown graves. tered his home under authority of a seat"cb warrant anu took all his I am advised that some of the followers of De la Huerta letters and documents, giving him a receipt for them. Some ot the have been seized and executed. Firing squads have been im­ letters were from his father, Reinaldo Martinez, in Guadalajara, State portant adjuncts in maintaining de facto goverD;ments in of Jalisco. power. Senators will observe that Gen. Francisco Coss who was a Among those who e caped to the United States was General leader in the revolutionary force~, is under arrest ~t the bands Torres. Some time after his arrival upon American soil he of American immigration officials, and he, too, may be deported was arrested by officials in the United States Immigration and shot, as was General Torres. It is observed that General Service. In the New York Herald-Tribune, under date of Sat­ Coss declares he bas been guilty of violating no law, that he unlay, January 23, 1926, the following dispatch appears: is residing in the United States, intends to make it hi.~ home MEXICO CITY, January 22.-Sixty persons have been executed, it is and has investments in this country. It will also be ob erved estimated. since January 3, when tbe anti-Government movement broke from the dispatch in the New York Time that the attention of out at Aguascalientes and Guadalajara. In all cases the condemned President Coolidge has been called to the action of the immi­ men were put to deatq after court-martial proceedings. A great many gration officers in arresting General Torres and delivering him of those convicted as bandits or insurrectionists were former follo,vers to Mexican officials. It is also charged that agents of the De­ of De la Huerta. partment of Justice confiscated private corre~pondence of Mexi­ One case of international concern is that of former Gen. Demetrio can refugees and allowed the same to be examined by repre­ Torres. He was deported from the United States for a -violation of sentatives of the Calles government. the neutrality laws and was shot when he reached ~fexican soil. Thus I am advised that General Hinojosa, who was a Mexican the United States was placed in an awkward position regarding De la political refugee, fled to the United States about four or five Huerta. and other expatriated Mexicans, weakening their rights to months ago, and a few weeks thereafter was arrested, deported, American protection when they know that deportation -virtually means and delivered by immigration officials to Mexican miLitary participation on the part of the United States in aiding and delivering authorities. General Torres, according to the information them into hostile bands in Mexico. which I have, came to the United States as a political refugee In the Kew York Times February 1. 1926, appears a dis­ about six months ago. About two months ago he was arre ted patch from San Antonio, Tex., "Which reads as follows: by immigration authorities in Texas upon the charge that he bad entered without a passport and had failed to pay the bead BX-1\JEXICA~ REBEL FEARS TORRES"S FATE--GE-'ERAL COSS, AWAITI~G tax. Let me say that he bas paid the .. head tax " now. He DECISION ON DEPORTATIO~ IN TEXAS, SAYS HE ALSO FACES wa executed by a :firing squad and buried somewhere upon EXECUTION Mexican soil. After his arrest he was given the privilege of [Special to the New York Times] being deported to Canada or Cuba, but my information is that SAN A~TOXIO, Tr.x., February 1.-Gen. l''rancisco Coss, a leader in be was required to provide the nece sary fund to transport the De Ia Huerta revolutionary forces, is under bond here awaiting himself and an immigration agent to the place where be de­ a decision in a deportation bearing, and he declared to-night that his parted from the United States, and also the fare of the official case proba bly was a parallel to that of Gen. Manuel Dimetrio Torres, accompanying him back to his place of service. General Torres who was deported from San Antonio to Mexico, where he was executed. was allowed 60 days within which to raise the neces!=lary mou~y Local immigration officials said that the records of the Coss 'hearing, to meet these expenses. He was without means, as be had :fled beld here last Monday afternoon, bad been forwarded to Washington to escape arrest and execution. While his friends were ar­ for uction. ranging the funds required, he was unexpectedly rearrested Commenting on the Torres affair, about which bis information came while in Texas and taken at night to the International Bridge from newspaper accounts, General Coss said : at Laredo, Tex., and delivered to a Mexican military escort. I "Enemies of former De la Huerta leaders in this country are at­ am advised that this arrest was made by W. M. Hanson, the tempting to mal;:e false charges in order to have us deported. When immigration officer at San Antonio. The friends of General one of us crosses the border be will find tbe Calles officers waiting for Torres made inquiry as to the reason of his deportation and him and he will be placeu under arrest. Our enemie figure tbat we were informed that under new instructions from Washington will not have much chance to escape a firing squad, and we will not. the deportation and delivery to Mexican military authorities " In my own case I have bt>en guilty of no violation of law. I am had been made. The delivery to the Mexican military authori­ here expecting to make my home. I ha-ve invested money here and am ties was made on the night of the 13th of January, and on the actively engaged in business." 23d of the same month he was executed. General Coss said tbat be arrivt>d in this country in the latter It Is not surp1ising that it should be stated in the New York part of August, 1924, crossing at Feben, where there was no immigra­ Herald-Tribune that this pre ents a case of international con­ tion station. He went to El Paso and took out a passport on Septem· cern, and that he, General Torres, was deported for a viola­ ber 5, 1924, which he renewed on March 24, 1925. tion of ueutrality laws and "Was shot when be reached Mexican Offering as evidence his passport as a receipt for the immigrant bead soil. tax, he continued : I have here a copy of a letter from the immigration de­ " I was told I needed no consular visa for the passport and that I partment at Washington, dated December 14, 1925, in which it coulu remain bere as long as I de ired if I intended to make this is stated that "in lieu of deportation to Mexico the man [re­ country my home."' ferring to General Torres] will be permitted to depart -volun­ General Coss said he would contest deportation to any country, taiily to any country of his choice within 60 days from De­ because he wished to remain h er e. If he were deported to Mexico, he cembe r 5, 1925. In the meantime he will be relea ed from was satisfied it would be equivalent to a death sentence. cu:;;tody upon his own cognizance." Before the expiration of the 60 days he was arrested, a I REFLCEES PROTEST TO COOLIDGE have stated, by American immigration officials, taken across SA~ A:sTO~IO, TEx., .February 1.-Six Mexican political refugees the border line, and delivered to Mexican military authorities, have telegraphed to President Coolidge declaring that the recent de­ and within a few days thereafter he was shot. portation of Gen. Manuel Demetrio Torres, alias ChappaiTeras, who Mr. Pre ident, if these are the facts, as I believe them to be, was executed at •rorreon, ~Iexi co, January 10, violateu "the elemental it "Would seem that a most cruel and inhuman act was per­ principles of international rights." petrated by officials of our Government. Con~ede that he was Signers of the protest were Jorge Pl"ieto Laurenz, one-time president a re-rolutionist, he had sought protection under our flag, he of the Mexican Congre' ; Reinaldo Esparza Martinez, former secretary had been promised that he should have 60 day to depart of the Congre s; Antonio Hernandez Ferrero; Lorenzo Nizto, former from our country, and while attempting to perfect arrange­ :Mexican minister to Cuba; Miguel Flores Villar, and Manuel Davalos ments for departure, he was seized and in the darknes of Aragon. night surrendered to those whom the American officials should Immigration officials to-day renewed their statements that the de­ bave known would speedily compass his death. portation of General Torres was regular in eYery particular. Mr. President, the United States for a hundred years bas Alejandro P. Carrillo, llexican general consul 1ere, declared that been an asylum in which the oppres ed of other nations sought Geaeral Torres was a bandit and not a political refugee. He made refuge. Men who had sought to promote liberty and who were public a telegram from Aaron Caenz, Mexican Secretary of Foreign thwarted in their purposes fled to this Republic, believing that Affairs, which read: here they would be protected from the cn1el hands of their " Chnpparreras bad pending pro ecutions in the courts here for as­ enemies. Revolutionary leaders fled from Germany in 1848 saults on trains. Captured and founu guilty, be wa<> executed." .and succeeding years, as did many others from varions countries 1926 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3981 who had struggled for liberty. We remember Carl Schurz which ln Mexico invariably spring up in the wake of civil disorder, and thousands of patriotic and courageous men who fled from made certain sections of the country unsafe. The transportation sys­ Germany and sought refuge in the Republic. They were not tem of the country had broken down. The national treasury was surrendered. They became American citizens and contributed bankrupt. It owed 47,000,000 pesos as pressing internal obligations. to tbe growth and progress and development of our country. Federal school-teachers had gone unpaid for weeks. The renewed Mr. President, much might be said about the situation in sen·ice on the foreign debt, after one payment, had been suspended. Mexico, but I forbrar. The American people are deeply inter­ Mexico's standing in the financial marts of the world was nil. ested in Me1.:ico and look forward with the earnest hope that President Calles took office with the situation heavily loaded against peace and law and order shall reign in that land. Mexico has him. Profound· dejection filled the minds of the Mexican people, a not always dealt with America in a friendly way. Indeed, feeling aggravated by the return of civil war after three years of Americans who ha\e sought to de\elop the resources of Mexico peace had seemed to promise an end of internal warfare. A corre­ and ha-ve made material contribution to its progress have sponding skepticism was reflected outside of Mexico in those fields of been too harshly treated, and many have been deprived of enterprise which in this day link nations together for their mutual their property. An investigation made by the Senate a few advantage. year ago, based upon a resolution which I offered calling In business circles there was much apprehension of what Calles for such an in\estigation, shows that 785 Americans were would do. He had never taken the trouble to deny the slanders of his killed, wounded, and outraged by Mexicans within a few years political enemies. He returned from a three months' absence lu prior to the in\estigation. What number have suffered death or Europe just before his taking of office. He made a few speeches. He indignities since then I am unable to say. Three hundred and uttered no glowing prophecies. He went to work unostentatiously. ninety- even citizens were killed in Mexico as shown by the His immediately evident purpose was to balance the budget. Mexican report in 1920. Sixty-four soldiers met their death in Mexico administrations during the preceding 14 revolutionary years had fallen at the hands of Mexican nationals. There were 58 American into the' bad habit of living well beyond their income. civilians killed along the Mexican border by the nationals of Overshadowing all else was the need of insuring order and peace. that country and 68 United States soldiers. President Calles faced the problem squarely. For over a hundred Americans have invested in Mexico in the aggregate value of years the Mexican Army has been at the bottom of most civil strife. $1,500,000,000. Part of their property has been confiscated or Undisciplined and unwelded, its heterogeneous units generally owned de:troyed. Those who have been injured have not been com­ allegiance to local commanders motivated almost wholly by thoughts penHated, and the families of those who have been killed have of personal advantage. Under Porfirio Diaz the rank and file was never received a ·penny from the Mexican Government. A com­ made up of convicts-in those days men were " sentenced " to the ml~Rion has been appointed for the purpose of considering the army-or of wholly ignorant peons impressed into service. Above claims of American citizens against Mexico. This commission them towered a corrupt and brutal Praetorian guard of officers re­ ha.:~ moved slowly, indeed, too slowly. It is to be hoped that splendent in peacock and bird-of-paradise uniforms, fattening out ot those who have claims against Mexico will not all have gone to dishonest disposal of supplies or extortions within its sphere of power. their final rest before some action is taken by the commission The army's purpose was to maintain Don Porfirio's despotism, to -sup­ and they be compensated-in part, at least-for the wrongs sus­ press political dissent, and ruthlessly to shoot down workers when they tained ami the losses inflicted. attempted feebly to better their galley-slave existence. l\lr. President. for a hundred years American citizens have When Diaz fell, the armed forces emerging to fight for ill-defined suffered at the hands of MeA.ico and they were not compen­ political and social aspirations preserved the traditional "caudillismo." satetl. I should remark, however, that under the treaty of There was an Obreg6n army in the Northwest, a Villa army in the Guadalupe-Hidalgo it was provided that those who had claims North, a Zapata army in the Southwest, a Pablo Gonzalez army and against Mexico should receive compensation from the amount countless lesser contingents. Loyalty was personal and readily shifted. which the United States under the treaty agreed to pay to By victory in the field and by elimination chiefly on a basis of trea­ Mexico. l\Iany Americans, as I ha\e stated, have within recent son, the Obreg6n army survived. Apparently it bad become the ~·ears aided in the development of Mexico, but there is appre­ national army. But the deep-rooted habits of a century remained hen~ion that some of their prot;>erty may be expropriated and implanted as the De la Huerta rebellion convincingly showed. The that retroactire enactments may be applied for the confiscation strength of this revort lay in the military power of a number of of property which they havo honestly acquired. The Mexican "jefes de operaciones" and scores of lesser generals who " turned," people ha\e a right to their own form of Government, but it is as the Mexicans expre s it, with the troops under them. The motive to be hoped that they will pursue no conrse that will prevent for their treason, however dedaubed with high-sounding verbiage, was the mo ,_ t cordial relations between that country and its nationals loot. The most corrupt elements in the army integrated the rebe1lion. and the I nited States. The Amerlcan people desire the pros­ Their elimination by defeat was the one redeeming feature of that perity and happiness and welfare of Mexico and her people; otherwise costly episode. tLley will rejoice in €\ery movement looking to Mexico's mate­ Obregon had made considerable improvement in the morale and rial, cultural, political, and spiritual development. There are discipline of the army. Obviously he had not gone far enough. Calles many Americans who would deeply regret to see any anti· quietly put an end to the traditional, though already much diminished, r eligious spirit manifested or any steps taken to expel men custom of allowing the generals perquisites outside their regular pay. and women who ~. re friendly to the Mexican people and who He met their tendency toward caciqueism by dextrously shifting com­ are ~eeking their ad\ancement and happiness. mands-for military corruption in the past had always grown out of But, :\Ir. President, I shall pretermit any further remarks the continued presence of an army chleftaln in a given locality. Divi­ with re ·pect to conditions in Mexico. In conclusion, I protest sion commanders were moved without their staffs, colonels were sent against any immigration officers or American officials denying to new commands. The service record of every officer was reviewed the right of asylum, as has e-vidently been done in the case of and many whose claim to a given rank was spurious were r etired. General Torr•s, and pursuing a course which inevitably will Over seven hundred officers were eliminated for unfitness. A rigid leatl to their desh·uction. discipline came into effect. Intoxication and misconduct were promptly l\Ir. LA FOLLETTE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ punished by cashiering. sent to have inserted in the RECORD, following the remarks of Along with these essential disciplinary measures, Canes• himself is the Senator from Utah [Mr. KING], an article appearing in the preaching a new spirit of loyalty to the nation, a propaganda carried F orum 1\Iagazine, on President Calles of Mexico. on not only with the generals and higher officers but with the rank The PRESIDL JQ OFFICER. Without objection, it is so and tile. Schools have been established in b&rracks, sport.!l of every ordered. kind promoted. Baseball and football. have become part of the life The matter referred to is as follows: in the service. The private, admitted as a volunteer, is changing [From the Forum for January, 1926] from a slave to a free man. PRESIDENT CALLES'S FIRST YEAR On September 16, the national holiday, I saw 12,000 troops parade (By Ernest Gruelling) through the capital, clad in neat khaki, homogeneous in equipment, a finely disciplined lot. The military attache of the American embassy, Despite the e\"il inheritance of 100 years of misrule which has r'!n­ Lieutenant-Colonel Russell, told me afterwards that he had never seeo der~d difficult the task of the new President of Mexico, more real Mexican troops in any way comparable. The changed external appeal" advance has been macle during the first months of office than in any 12 ance is chiefly important in the way it reflects the new army attitude. equal peL'iod in the history o.f the countt·y. Calles has " moralized" the A concomitant result is the great economy that has been effected. customs service, reduced the budget, and fundamentally reorganized The budgets for the last eight years are revealing. the somces of income. He has shown what honesty, good will, and the 1918 ______euer·gy of a hard-headed business man can hope to accomplish, even in $120,7J8,15:.l 1919------1920 ______114,226.660 Mexico. 113, 073. 9J2 When Plutarco Elias Calles assumed the Presidency on December 1, 19221921------~-- ______134,161,54;) 1924, conditions in Mexico. were at low ebb. Most of the reconstructive 13u,589,075 19241923------______113,305,332 efforts of the Obregon administration had been swept away by the 136,495,2!:!0 De Ia Huerta rebellion. Surviving rebel detachments and bandit groups, 1925------84,778,589 3982 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 15 Nor do these figmes ten the whole story, for in past years many lt is unnecessary to give mot·e than passing mention to the funda­ extras-" gratifications" to generals, gifts, and emoluments of various mental reorganization of the Mexican sources of income which has kinds--did not show in the budgets. These have now been eliminated. already produced tangible results and is in proce s of further devel­ Thus the past average expenditure of about a hundred and twenty-five opment. The Mexican financial structme was a wilderness ot we£>ds million pesos annually bas been cut to 85,000,000, a reduction of about grown from the habit of seizing revenue when and wherever it became one third, and next year's budget plans a still further cut. The visible, with an eye to the immediate object and wholly without con­ country is at peace. sideration for or understanding of the national economic welfare. Does this mean that all abuses have stopped, that the present Mexi· "Nuisance" stamp taxes, excessive import duties ou the essentials can army is wholly disciplined, 100 per cent loyal, revolt-proof in any of life, unnecessary imposts, many of them largely unproductive, emergency? It does not. How could the evil inheritance of 100 burdened the nation. A commission to study the nation's economic years be surely destroyed in one? Some individuals with notoriously needs scientifically was established, and its effects wet·e not long in bad records still bold high command . The proportion of generals and making themselves felt. high officers i still 10 times what the pre ent army of 54,000 men Figures best tell the story. These were the succe sive balances in needs. A colonel now commands but 500 men. (Yet what a change the treasury of the nation: this from the recent revolutionary days when certain detachments 1 Xov. 30------$:l42. 463 actually had more officers than men and a "general., commanded from Dec. 31_------~47 . 586 1 a dozen up!) Nevertheless, the changes effected in 12 months have Jan. ~1_------9, tl77, 8:l4 been epoch-making. Fo~ the first time in Mexican history, a national ~~;. 3~-======----_-_-_--__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- 11,0:29,2~58, 20!), 8-!;} army is in formation, aiming to· serve the country as an army should, .Apr. 30------.----·------23, 697, 598 for the maintenance of order and national defense. Only a thorough May 31_------28, 79~ , 400 unclerstandin~ of Mexican history. w~ make clear the transcendent ~~Ye /1°_::======~~: ;~3: Hi nature of this reform, how essential It has been, and how necessary Aug. 31_------44, 6;jQ, 607 it will be to car<·y it through nnfiinchingly. In the first 80 days there was no appreciable saving. Then the Perhaps the mo t important single change sought by the revolution mercury began to mount steadily. By August 31 not only were initiated by Madero and carried on under the leadership of Obreg6n and p44,000,000 at hand, with all current expenses paid, but a debt ap . Calles, is land reform. In principle the need for It, is, after 10 proximately as larg~ompo ed of salaries in arrears, loans from mer~ years, pretty generally admitted and appt·oved by all but a few ir­ chants, and unpaid bills inherited from the previous ad mini ' tration­ reconcilables. But its execution from its early defective legislation had been paid. In 1915 bas been execrable. At first this was largely due to the ram­ With these savings was established, on September 1, the .National pant hostility of the landowners. Later when this resistance les­ Bank of Mexico. At the beginning of the Calles administration the sened somewhat, the program was subordinated to every kind of politi- 1 monetary commission, a government banking institution, had been re­ cal consideration and hopelessly enmeshed in bad faith, dishonesty, and organized. It bad been a cesspool of corruption. Nine months of effi· violence--on both ides. The net result was that after nearly a cient and honest administration enabled it to accumulate a reserYe of clecade, the chief crops of agrarianism were dislllusion, bitterness, some twenty-four million pesos. This sum, added to the surplus in the bloodshed, unrest, and diminished production. trl'asury, a total o.t P'68,000,000, became the gold reserve of the new In the 10 years up to 1925 some 732 pueblos received land amount­ bank. For years the foundation of this bank, known to be a national ing to 1,045,946 hectares and the average cost to the nation of this necessity both in view of the usurious rates-up to 35 per cent an· distribution was approximately 19 pesos per hectare. nually-cbarged by the private banks in Mexico and because of the In the· first 10 months of the Calles regime some 316 "definitive inconvenience of the purely metallic currency, had been disco sed. possessions" had been granted to some 5-!5,554 hectares. Reduced Nine months after Calles had taken office it was established. to fiaures, 43 per cent of what had been achieved in nearly 10 years Founded on the basis of the most rigiu financial conservatism and was accomplished in as many months and comparin~ the actual areas directed by men conspicuously known for their integrity and familiarity in>olved the percentage rises to 52. Moreover, the cost of this much with their task, the Banco de M~jico proved an instant success. Only more efficient work was reduced to an average of 5.10 pesos per hec­ small bills were issued first, and t-hese found ready and enthusiastic tare-a trifle O\'er one-fom·th of the previous cost. So much for the acceptance. '.Pwo months later the issuance of bills up to a denomina­ fulfillment of revolutionary and pre-election pledge . tion of a thousand pesos followed logically. On the other band there has been a steady diminution of acts of In October the Mexican Government arranged with the Interna­ Illegality and violence. I heard President Calles recently say, in ad­ tional Bankers' Committee for the resumption of payments on the dt'e'sing a group of campesinos in the state of Vera Cruz: foreign debt on January 1, 1926, and for the return of the railroads " I can not impt·e s upon you too strongly, and I shall not weary taken over during the revolution, a decade ago, to their American of repeating it; that the period of agitation is over, that the era of and British owners. reconstruction has begun. Progress can only be hindered by agita­ tion, by departure ft·om the realm of strict Ieo-ality. Work and co­ Thus, in one year, tlle Calles administration has lifted the country uperation are the only paths for you to follow." from bankruptcy to solvency, without recourse to df'ceptive " refund· Only by comparing the present situation with the past chaos in ing" devices or by further loans unloading the burden on future gen· the attempted agrarian reform is the improvement appreciable. Much erations. It bas conclusively shown what honesty, good will, and remains to be done and in certain States, under the unfortunate energy can do. It has given the Mexican people a glimpse of what autonomy that the Mexican constitution and customs provide, the good government means. problem is still unsolved. The separate commonwealths in the Yexi­ One of the greatest Mexican deserts is in the realm of public health. can Union, when directed by worthless executives, have the power Probably no country on earth has furnished a greater contrast between seriously to embarrass the national government-a situation some­ nature's gift of a beneficent climate and man-made habits in matters what analogous to that in the United States when some of our sov­ I of hygiene. Some 10 years ago Alberto J. rani, now Secretary of the ereign States legislate (as have some of the Pacific States) in direct Treasury and an engineer by profession, in a volume entitled " Hygiene contravention to international obligations entered into by our Fed­ in Mexico," graphically pictured the devastating conditions under which et·al Government. the vast majority of tbe Mexjcan people live. He revealed that the But the .most conside1·able and radical reform effected by President capital's death rate was the highest of any city of its size on earth, CaJles has been in the realm of finance. There are to-day 18,911 fewer exceeding that of Madras and Cairo, and approximately tripling that employees in the government service than there were a year ago, of European capitals of about the same population. Perhaps this book a courageous and unprecedented operation in a country whose public is the most useful single literary and scientific contribution to a revo­ sNvice has always been the obJective of the greater part of the lit­ lution which bas had \"irtually no literature. It bad a definite re­ erate population. Economy and efficiency was the rule which the formist purpose-to call attention to the failure of Mexican ociety President purposed for every government bureau. In the revenue-pro­ and of previous administrations to face this life and death problem. ducing departments- within the ministry of the treasury-he met with As Mr. Pani well said in his _foreword, "there exists a preci. e and notable success. Under hi own watchful eye came daily the reports direct proportion between the urn of civilization acquired by a conn­ of the previous day's income from each customs collector's office. From try and the degree of perfection reached in it admini tration and his own desk went forth each day a sharp telegraphic inquiry to those stewardship of the public health." offices which bowed a diminution in income. He thus put to superb Two years ao-o I asked Mr. Pani whether the eight years since n~<:e the Mexican psychology--or is it universal ?-of aiming to please his factual lndictmen t had brought any improvement in public-health the chief. The service was thoroughly " moralized " as they say in conditions. He replied that they had not, stating a truth that was 1\Il'xico. In a country where power and perquisites have always gone tragically e>ident to the most casual observer. hand in band, the President himself insisted that hls own family The department of public health alone was exempted from the should be rigidly subject to the payments of custom duties--over­ general retrenchment of the Ca)les program. But the increa ed ruling officials who sought to maintain the time-honored exemptions. appropriation-a small fraction of what it would be if the Budget And when a relative and member of the official family, following a permitted it-is less important tban the energy newly Hidenced. previously formed habit, sought to bring construction material for a "Hitherto the only activity displayed by the Depnrtment of ITealth bouse he was building in the capital across the border free of duty, has been political." This is the opinion of a Mexican physician of the President forbade it telegraphically. standing. 1926 CONGRESSIOX.AL RECORD-SEN1\_TE 3983

Now, for the first time, Mexico City is beginning to have some­ TREASlJRY AND POST OFFICE APPROPRHTIO~S thieg like an adequate milk inspection. "Vaccination fallen into dis­ use bad brought its i11evftable local smallpox epidemics. Vaccine Tbe Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, resumed the con­ inoculations are now taking place by the hundreds of thousands sideration of the bill (H. R. 5959) ~aking appropriations for under compulsion. A determined war is being waged on venereal tlle Treasury and Post Office Departments for the fiscal year diseuse. Of course, only the merest beginning has been made in the ending June 30, 1927, and for other purposes. effort to clean the A.ugcan stable of Mexicnn ill health, but that very Mr. WARREN. Mr. President, we -have with us this after­ beginning establishes a precedent. President Calles himself has told noon the chairman of the Committee -on Post Offices and Post me more than once that in matters of health he is a firm believer in Roads [Mr. MosEs], who has to leave the city to-night. We dictatorship, and the political and mercenary infiuences which formerly need his presence very much, and we should like now to turn rose to block efforts to protect the health and life of the Mexican to page 47. people are no longer tolerated. The reading of the bill was resumed, beginning on page 47, This, then, is the summary of President Calles's first year. It line 8. takes no note of many undertakings begun and projected-roa1s, The next amendment was, under the subhead " Office of Lhe schools, inigation works-of the slender beginnings of a cooperative First Assistant Postmaster General," on page 53, line 17. to movement, of tendencies still undefined toward democratization, toward increase the appropriation for compensation to watchmen, mes­ political and social emancipation. It has been the practical achieve­ sengers, laborers, and substitutes from $7,384,600 to $7,88-±,GOO. ment of a hard-headed business man, who, before indulging in frills l\Ir. KING. Mr. President, I notice on pages 53 and 54 a and theory, has sought to meet the nation's immediate daily bread number of increases. Without challenging attention to each and butter problem. Figures of bank balances and obligations paid one separately, may I ask the Senator what justification tlwre may be unpicturesque, but they are the only foundation on which was for increasing the rather liberal appropriations which were the superstructure of Mexican social progress can hope to rest granted by the Bouse? securely. On the basis of the demonstrable it is no exaggeration to l\Ir. MOSES. Mr. President, tlle Senator will remember tllat say that the last year has shown more advance than any other eqmll under the salary increase bill a lump sum was added to the period in Mexican history, that Calles has done more than the mr, t pay schedule of the Post Office Department On top of all tuat, hopeful optimists expected of him, that be has done as much as any the Senator will remember, there is the provision for the auto­ one human being could do, and that he is the only man in Me'dco matic promotions in the various grades of the service, carrying who could have done it. to every individual so promoted an automatic increase in ~;al­ What, then, is the reverse of the m('dal? To answer this ade­ ary, up to the maximum provided by the salary law. quately it is necessa.ry to look beyond Calles at the crushing burden In addition to that, particularly with reference to the item he inher·ited not merely from 14 years of revolutionary chaos but on lines 16 and 17, page 53, which was the item being read from a hundred years of misgovernment and semianarchy since the when the Senator from Utah rose, ~ further increase was neces­ begiJining of Mexico's independence, and back of that from three sitated there because of the increase in tlle number ne~es­ centuries of colonial misrule. It is necessary to weigh current sary under those schedules. In other words, the Postal s~rv­ achievement against the ambitious and idealistic program of lifting ice has been using an interchangeable system~ of employees, the Mexican millions from their submerged state of ignorance and whereby clerks are employed to do much of this watchman and wretchedness into the position of a self-governing, happy, prosperous, messenger work, and it became necessary to increase the num­ and enlightened people. ber of personnel under this classification in order that the The weakness of the Calles administration is that he has had to higher class should not be doing the lower-class work ; and do it a.Il himself. The ideas that he has put into effect are his own. p1·ovision is made further on, I think the Senator will discover, The impulse and energy to carry .them out he has himself supplied. where reduction is made in the appropriations below the esti­ The human material which has been developed or rather which has mates in order to take care of that. I would say further, for not developed out of the long-continued atrophy of self-government the information of the Senator, that the total amount carried and on which he must count for collaboration is painfully inadequate. in the bill is more than $2,000,000 less than the estimates. Despite the tremendous improvement, some of the government minis­ Mr. KING. If the Senator will permit me to submit a few tries are scarcely functioning. The efforts of the President to restore remarks and ask him a few questions, I shall l>e very glad. the credit of the nation are damaged hy the shiftlessness and ineai­ Mr. MOSES. I am glad to have the Senator do that. clency of department beads and subordinates. Substantial business Mr. KING. I would like to ask the Senator whether his men whose aid the government should welcome are allowed to cool committee is continuing its work "'ith a view to increasing their heels in ministerial nntechambers until they throw up their the returns from the department, so as to meet the deficit hands in disgust. " Graft" still exlsts in some federal departments which the recent salary act created. My recollection is that and is unabated in many states. President Calles feels keenly the some of the proponents of that measure, when it was under lack of men to fill important places, men who combine ability and consideration during the last session of Congre-ss, insisted honesty with an enlightened social outlook. But he pt•obably has that it would create no deficit, but the able SEmator, the not made the best use of the· material available. His judgment has chairman of the committee, insisted that it would, and his been impaired at times by personal loyalty. Unfit men still retain high judgment, of course, has been entirely vindicated. The Senator office. Nor has President Calles abandoned the custom of "letting believes, I know, in trying to have the departments, so far down easily" into a diplomatic post or luxuriant foreign mission, as possible, self-supporting-at least this department-and I offenders who, were they lower in the official scale, would be merely was wondering what steps were being taken by the Senator's dismissed. Outside of the federa l official family are the State gov­ committee in this investigation-and that means largely by ernors who could effect within their own proyince and on a corre­ the Senator himself-to recoup the losses which are sustained sponding scale the same kind of vigorous reconstruction that Presi­ on account of the large salary increases which were made at dent Calles has in the national government. Only three or four are the last session of Congress. · e.ven making the attempt. President Calles, Calles the teacher, tries Mr. MOSES. The Senator's question is somewhat compli­ hopefully to breathe life into these mummies. They listen respect­ cated, but if he will permit me to answer it in my own way­ fully and perhaps start back with good intentions, but there the at the time the salary increase bill was before the Senate my matter ends. estimate was that it would cost $68,000,000 a year, which esti­ It is a tragic irony that a Mexican President who realizes that the mate has been fully sustained. In addition to that, how@ver, political structure must rest evenly distributed on many piles and is the Senator will remember that Congress, in its wisdom, dicl supremely desirous of delegating authority and apportioning respon­ not make synchronous the increases in salaries and the in­ sibility has so far, with a few notable exceptions, been unable to do so. creases in rates which the bill of l!~ebruary 28 carried, and we This is one of his great problems during the remaining years of his had th1·ee months and a half of the increased salaries without administration. As it is, be is now the hardest working man in the any benefit accruing from the increased I'a tes which very Republic, cheerfully violating the constitutional proviso that calls for materially increased the cost of the department for the current an eight-hour day and one day's rest in seven. I have seen him at the fiscal year. end of 14 hours of continuous grind leaning back in his chair with Then on top of that, as I said to the Senator, came the in­ utter physical exhaustion imprinted on his rugged features. His re­ creases in the salary schedules necessitated by the automatic sponsibilities have aged him visibly. Yet be is wholly optimistic, annual promotions. l\!y estimate, as stated to the Senate at always serene, dedicated solely to his ta.sk, eschewing as far as he can the time of the passage of the salary bill, was that the in­ public ceremonies and gala functions, the trappings of his high position. creased salary rates provided in the bill of February 28 would He deserves success if ever a man did. He is the first Mexican Presi­ produce at least $46,000,000 of additional revenue. I regret dent to whom the supreme office has ceased to mean anything but an to say that I can not tell the Senator now whether my esti­ opportl;nity for service. In one short year be has won universal mate was correct or not. I am still of the opinion that when respect and the warm affection of all those who have come to know him we get from the Post Office Department the collated figures personally. I ventru·e to prophesy that he will go down in Mexican showing the total postal revenues for the year we will find history as " Calles the Reconstructot·." that the detlclt @ tne Post Ofilce Depa~t!!le!!t fo~ the Ye!l~ 3984 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN .A.TE FEBRUARY 15 will be not appreciably more than it is under normal condi­ say a sponsor..,hip, but some method of preventing the pub­ tions. For example, a · I recall, the deficit in the Postal lication of so many of the departments of a lot of matter for Service last year was $29,000,000, which would normally be which no one asks and which seems to me can not be justi­ made up this year unuer the normal increase of between fied. Publications come to my desk every day from some of 6 and 7 per cent. It is my opinion that we Rhall find that the the departments which no one reads, which are absolutely deficit in the Postal Sen·ice this year will be hardly more than valueles. , and I was wondering whether any steps were being the normal e ·timate. taken to re h·ict the character of such publications, or at least Coming to the other question which the Senator propounded, the number of publications, by the various executive and semi­ I do not aoTee with him fully that the Post Office Department executh·e departments of the Government. ..,bould be made a completely self-supporting institution. I Mr. MOSES. That is a matter which does not of neces­ think that tlte general public opinion with reference to the sity come within the purview of the Committee on Post Offices Po~tal Service is that it exists, as its name indicates, to render and Post Roads, but it does happen to be a matter with which Fen-ice, and service, of course, costs money. Therefore I think I am somewhat familiar, because, before assumiug the chair­ W@ • hould never try to make the Postal Service a money­ manship which I now have, I was chairman of the Committee making institutiol'l; that we should try, as the Senator stated on Printing of the Senate and chairman of the Joint Com­ his question later, to bring it as nearly as possible to being mittee on Printing. Much of the duplication which has been a self-sustaining institution. I think that may be brought taking place of Government publication has been done away about. The . pecial committee on postal rates is still at work. with. It may be of interest to the Senator to know that in It is awaiting, a I said before, the collated statistics from the the last three years the Joint Committee on Printing caused department. That does not mean that we are not considering the abandonment of some 180 different periodical publications all phaF;e of the question, so far as we can consider them which were being issued by various bureaus of the Govern­ v.-ithout tho e stati'3tics. ment and which bad to be carried through the mail free of I may say to the Senator ful'ther that the members of the charge. In that particular performance we managed to kill F:petial committee are giving consideration to certain propo als two birds with one stone. ·we cut down the printing bill and. which have been advanced, notably by the Federation of Farm we 1.'ecluced the charge upon the Postal Service. Bureaus, for some form of reconstruction within the service Mr. KING. Has the Senator any information as to the and some form of general reorganization of the Postal Service, method of bookkeeping or accounting in the department? The with a dew to instituting economies which may be had by reason why I ask arises out of the fact that I have recei"red reason of increa ed facilities for conducting the postal busi­ perhap 8 or 10 complaints recently, 8 or 4 coming from men who nes and by reason of many of the modern business methods are accountants of ability, in which they stated that an which should be applied to a large business institution like the archaic method of accounting existed in the department, that Postal Service. it did not furnish adequate or suitable or accurate informa­ In nddition to that, may I say to the Senator, the special tion as to the expenses in many of the lines of a<:ti"rity of the committee hope. to produce a report and secure its adoption by department, and no one could tell just what a particular Congress through which the Post Office Department may secure branch of the service cost, what the los.· was or what the gain proper credit for the work whith it now does free of charge was. I was wondering whether that matter had received the for the yarious departments of the Government. While I am attention of the committee. ou that subject I want to take this occa ion publicly to say Mr. MOSES. Yes. Of course, that matter lies at the bottom that the criticism leveled at the Congress for what has been of what the special joint committee is undertaking to do, as~erted as an exces·ive and abnormal cost imposed upon the namely, to fix an adequate schedule of postal rates. I think Po. tal Service by the use of the congressional frank has no the criticism which has been expressed by the correspondents sub~iantial foundation. The amount of franked matter sent to whom the Senator refers is mea. urably correct. The so­ through the mail by all Senators and all Representati'res is of called cost-ascertainment report which was produced by the small consequence compared with the entire Yolume of mail department something more than a year ago was, as the Sen­ matter carried. As a matter of fact, the cost per Senator and ator will remember, very severely attacked as being inaccu­ per Repre entative is much le s than $1,000 a year, and when rate in that it consisted of a series of extensions through 12 one considers the enormous volume of mail which every Sena­ months of statistics gathered in one month. I think that the tor and every Repre entative neces:o:;arily must have, that, I accounting system in the Post Office Department could very submit, is not a sum which should cau e the criticism which easily be much affected for the benefit of the service and the ha. been heaped upon Congre s. ta1..'1>ayers by instituting some modern method of accountiug Ur. KING. Does that include the hundreds of letters from which would enable anybody to tell what the co t of trans­ constituents which many Senators and Representatives are acting a particular branch of the Postal Service is. But the compelled to an wer each day? Senator, with much longer experience here than I, will readily Mr. 1IOSES. It includes not only that, but it includes every agree with me that the force of inertia in Washington is con­ document, every farm bulletin, every speech, every bit of siderable ancl that it takes a \ery great deal of effort e\en to franked matter which goes out und.er our franks. The great start in motion any such reform as that, to say nofhing of co t in the Po -tal Service is not the franked matter sent out carrying it through to its end. by Senators and Repre entatives; it is the penalty matter sent out by the departments, and on account of that I submit-! Mr. KI.KG. It is worse than inertia. It is almost deadly think my colleagues on the special committee agree with me­ in its monotony and in Hs failure to move. I know that at­ that tile Post Office Department should have some bookkeeping tacking the forces of bureaucracy is like attacking Gibraltar. credit for that. The Post Office Department gets no favors Mr. ~rOSES. I shall not quarrel with the Senator about from other departments. We appropriate in this bill sub­ his terminology. stantially $1,000,000 with which to pay the Bureau of Engraving Mr. WILLIS. Mr. Pre ident, can the Senator without em­ and Printing for the postage ·tamps which are used in the barra sruent, though I know it will not embarrass him, give rost Office Depaxtment, but if the Bureau of Engraving and us some idea of how soon the committee will report? I have Printing wants to send out 100,000 communications, the Post hacl some inquiries with reference to it. Office Department carries that mail free of charge and gets no 1111·. MOSES. The only answer I can make is to say for credit for it whatever. my elf, and I think for every other memuer of the committee, Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. Pxesident, if the Senator will permit two of whom at least are in the Chamber at thi minute, that me, in fmther an wer to the question of the Senator from we are desirous of (li posing of the que tion a soon as po - Utah, my recollection is that the figures disclose that all the sible for two reasons. We want to get rid of the detail work mail, including speeches and other public documents, sent out which the task imposes upon the committee. We want to by all Senators and all Representatives costs the Government produce a permanent scale of po~tal rate so the business about $350,000 a year. people of the country may know the conditions under which Mr. MOSES. That is for 531 men. they must carry on their business so far as postal rates are Mr. McKELLAR. For G31 men. To ascertain how small an concerned. effect that bas upon the department as a whole, all the Senator Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, I join in what the Senator will have to do will be to compare that relatively insignificant from New Hampshire said about the purpose of the committee. sum of $350,000 with the $7,000,000 expended by -the depart­ \Ve are desirous of getting the matter through just as soon as ment. The Senator can readily see that the amount of franked po. sible. In this connection may I ask the Senator if he has matter sent out by Senators and Representatives is so small as heard anything further from the Postmaster Genetal as to to make any critici~m on that accotmt absurd. when he will give us the figures? Mr. KING. May I say to the Senator at this time, though l\lr. MOSES. I mm~t repeat to the Senator from Tenne:o:;see it i illterrupti11g the continuity of his very splendid exposition the answer which I made to him from the chair the other of the matte1·, that it seems to me there ought to be, I will not evening, which was in the negative. 1926 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3985 Mr. McKELLAR. I think as soon as possible we ought to only in its costs but in its usefulness and business efficiency. get the information, so the committee may have it in order to It is one of the best managed departments of the Government. make our report as quickly as may be. I think, considering the enormous amounts of money involved, The next amendment of the Committee on Appropriations that the losses from theft and grafting and other forms o! was, on page 53, line 19, to increase the appropriation for com­ losses that have actually come to the Government are very, pensation to clerks in charge of contract stations from $1,500,000 very small in this great department. For the most part it is to $1,734,000. well run and well managed. It is certainly a splendid system, The amendment was agreed to. a system of which our people should be very proud. If the The next amendment was, on page 54, line 2, to Increase the Senator wants to understand my particular pride in the postal appropriation for rent, light, and fuel for first, second, and system of the United States, all that is necessary for him to do third class post offices from $16,450,000 to $16,495,000. is to go to any other counb·y and compare our system with The amendment was agreed.to. theirs. The next amendment was, on page 54, line 4, to increase the It is very unfortunate that private interests like those appropriation for miscellaneous items necessary and incidental who are interested in the tubes are able to get hold of tbe to post offices of the first and second classes from $1,502,000 to system for purposes of their own. Of course they have the $1,602,000. argument that they have their money invested, and want an The amendment was agreed to. adequate return, but there is no adequate compensation to the The next amendment was, on page 54, after line 18, to Government for the use of the tubes. inert: 1\Ir. KING. The statement made by the Senator from Ten­ For the rental of not exceeding 2 miles of pneumatic tubes, not nessee, it seems to me, justifies some further explanation as including labor and power in operating the samt>, for the transmission to the item of $526,373 for the transmission of mail by pneu­ of' mail in the city of Boston, Mass., $24,000 : Prot:ided, That the pro­ matic tubes or other similar devices in the city of New York visions not inconsistent herewith of the acts of April 21, 1902, and and for the establishment of a pneumatic tube system in the May 27, 1908, relating to the tra'nsmission of mall by pneumatic tubes city of Boston. or other similar devices, shall be applicable hereto. May I say that several years ago when the matter was quite Mr. McKELLAR. This particular amendment deals with the acute I gave considerable attention to it. I read the state­ Boston tube appropriation. I want to say that it was adopted ments emanating from the Post Office Department and made by the committee by a very considerable majority over my some investigation, and it seemed to me that the position of vote and protest. If I thought it were possible to have it the Postmaster General was not only tenable, but was correct. changed on the floor of the Senate, I certainly would under­ I was amazed when . I read that the system had been estab· take to raise the question, but I do not believe, in view of lished again in New York. what the Senate has done in the matter of the New York Mr. MOSES. That was two years ago. tubes, that there would be any possibility of getting it to Ur. KING. I was not here, probably, or at least I dieilicles confiscated under the provi ions of the act Budget had been gh·en their figures. and the estimate of the of 'March 3, 1!)2;), and pay tLe maintenance, repair, and operatiou bureau was ent to Congres , we complied with their re­ thereof from this allotment. quests to the utmost. Then we natified them that, if they were not satisfied, they could come before the ubcommittee; l\lr. -ri' ARRE.N. That is a committee amendment. It was and if they did not come but sent word there was nothing in the bill as reported to the Hou ·e by the Appropriation Com­ they had to ask, \Ye assumed· they were getting all they ex­ mittee of the House, but their rulE' is a little different from peded to get. ours, and it was taken ont on the floor of the Honse. The Mr. COPELAND. What I had in mind was this. that it subcommittee of the Senate Committee on Appropriations anu seems to me from year to year we oug·ht to be more liberal the full committee authorized me to offer the amendment in with this serT"ice. the Senate. l\Ir. WARREN. We have been very liberal all the way ~Jr. :McKELLAR. 'Ihis is au amendment which meets with through with them. They got all of the adYantag;es in the my approyal and I shall not make the point of order. It way of raises of pay and in rank nnd provision for retire­ i · clearly subject to a point of order, and under the rule ment and all of those matters. which have been very stoutly stated by the ~enator from Wyoming a point of order could opposed in some quarters. They have had the most liberal be made, but the proYision is in the interest of the enforce­ treatment. ment of the narcotic law, and I shall not make the point of l\fr. COPELAND. I am not so much interested in the order. rank and pay part of it as in the fact that this Go-.ern­ The YICE PRESIDE~T. The qneF1tion is on agreeing to ment should be most generous in appropriations having to the amendment. do \rith the welfare of its citizens. I notice in the report The amendment was agreed to. made by the committee that there seem to be apologies here l\lr. 'VARREN. I ofier a further amendment of the same and there on account of the appropriation showing apparent character. increa:o:es, and the effort apparently is made to make it appear The YICE PRESIDENT. The clerk will read the amenu­ that really. after all, such items did not represent runch ment. in the way of incres.se. PC>r my part, I think the committPe The CHIEF CLERK. On page 20. aftPr line 21, insert as a 11eed never apologize for anyth~ng it does in the way of separate p:1ragraph: a111n·opriating money for this particular service. I believe The Secretary of tlle Treasury mny Pxchange , urplus Liberty motors the country will support it. no\'1' owned by the Treasury Department fOl' completed new pow._•r The reading of the bill was resnmed. boats for use in pre,·enting and detecting violations of customs l11ws The next amendment "\\as. under the henrling " Federal Fa!'m and the national prohibition act. Loan Bureau, salaries ar d f•xpen:-;es," on pnge 15, line 10, a Uer the word "exce~d," ro !'trike out "$160,000 ·• and insert "$1GS,­ l\Ir. l\IcKELLAR. For the reasons Rtated before I shall OOO," so as to read: not make the point of order as to that amendment, though I think these amenessels for which no transportation fare is Mr. HALE. In that case I will cut short my remarks. charged shall only be entitled to reimbursement of actual and neces­ The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, the amend­ sary expenses incurred. ment submitted by the Senator from Maine is agreed to. Mr. KING. I raise the point of order against the amend- Mr. McKELLAR. l\Ir. President, on page 14, line 2, I move ment. · to strike out the words "in the Division of Customs." The VICE PREFliDENT. The point of order is well taken. Mr. WARREN. Mr. President, I want to thank my friend Mr. EDGE. Mr. Pre ident, I desire to make a brief observa­ from Tennessee, because we are in perfect accord on this mat­ tion in regard to the provision on page 19, lines 14 and 15, to ter. This is an amendment which I have several times offered correct an erroneous impre sion which sometimes goes out. and to. which he ha objected. He now offers it, and I am The language " the securing of evidence of violations of the very glad of it. I thank him accordingly. - act" relates to the appropriation of some $250,000 for the pur­ The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection the amend­ po"e of enforcement of the prohibition act. ment is agreed to. If there are no further amendments as in I do not desire to condone the methods which are often used the Committee of the Whole, the bill will be reported to the to encourage persons to violate any law, particularly this law; Senate. still, I want to say very frankly that I favor the most liberal The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the appropriations, within rhyme and reason, to be used in efforts amendments were concurred in. to enforce the law. The amendments were ordered to be engrossed and the bill My position in regard to the Volstead Act is pretty well to be read a third time. known. I am in emphatic disagreement with some of its terms. The bill was read the third time, and passed. But I do not feel that relief can be secured by reducing appro- priations, and I want my position to be thoroughly understood. cmno:ssro:sER OF . RECL..uf:ATION Quite the contrary, I want to see as liberal appropriations :Mr. WARREN. l\lr. President, I ask permission to call up made as can possibly be defended, in order that in the final a short bill which pertains to some legislation that will soon analysis there may be no excuse or explanation offered to the be before the Senate in another form. I call up the bill ( S. effect that any effort on the part of Congress, or at least on 1170) to provide for the appointment of a commissioner of the part of those who may disagree with the terms of the act, reclamation, and for other purposes. The bill has been re- bandicapped efforts toward enforcement. ported fayorably by the committee with an amendment. l\1r. W ARRE1.~. The Senator from Utah has withdrawn his The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the request objection to the last amendment I sent to the desk, which is, of the Senator from Wyoming? on page 29, line 6, to insert the word "hereafter" after the Mr. DILL. What is the bill? word "that." The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be read for informa- Mr. KING. I withdraw my point of order with respect to tion. • that amendment. As explained to me by the chairman of the The Chief Clerk read the bill. committee, it means a limitation upon the expanding power of There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the Public Health officers. Heretofore many Senators have the Whole, proceeded to consider the bill. which had been re· bad occasion to challenge their expandiilg qualities almost ported from the Committee on Irrigation and Reclamation their usurpation of power, and the enormous expens~s which I with an amendment, on page 2, line 2, to strike out $11,000 and that department annually incurs. But this amendment is of- insert "$10,000," so as to read: fered for the purpose of limiting their expenditures so long a!:1 Be it enacted etc., 'l'hat under the supervision and direction of the the officers are upon Government transports. Knowing that Secretary of the Interior, the reclamation of arid lands, under the the explanation of the Senator is correct, I withdraw my act of June 17, 1902, and acts amendatory thereof and supplementary objection. thereto, shall be administered by a commissioner of reclamation, who The VICE PRESIDE~"'T. The question is on agreeing to the shall be equipped for the duties of said office by practical experience amendment. I in irrigation of arid lands and the agricultural development and The amendment was agreed to. utilization thereof, and who shall be appointed by the President, by 3994 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE FEBRUARY 15 and with the advice and consent of the Senate: Provided, That the Jet·sey, and Connecticut combined. Only about 10 per cent of the land first commissioner appointed under the provisions of this act shall within the borders of Nevada is in private ownership, from which receive a salary of $10,000 per annum. revenue by taxation can be derived. 'I'his presents a striking illustration of the copartnership relation The amendment wa agr~d to. Mr. TRAl\lMELL. Mr. President, may I inquire the object which exists between the Federal Government and the western public­ of the bill? land States, and the moral responsibility and obligation that rests oh Mr. WARREN. It is to provide for a commissioner of the Federal Government in its dealings with these States. reclamation at a salary of $10,000. These western publlc·land States contribute vast sums in taxes to Mr. TRA:Ml\lELI.J. It provides for the creation of a new the Federal Treasury each year, a large part of which are paid in and office, I understand. credited to some of the Eastern States. 1\Ir. W ARREX. No; it does not. It is simply providing for For nearly 25 years the Government has been positively and legally the carrying out of work which has heretofore been covered committed to a fixed reclamation policy. It is the trustee :for the rec­ in -rarious unsatisfactory ways. lamation fund, which is derived from the sale of public lands, and The office is filled temporarily now by a man who was re­ :from royalties from coal and oil leases on the public lands in the cei dug a salary of $11,000 in the ·position he occupied. In the western public-land States, and it is also administrator of the projects ; first place, he asked for a furlough, and then for a furlough so its duty is to fulfill its obligations in these matters efficiently and promptly. It must not and can not abandon this policy or impose without pay1 and bas so far remained, with the expectation that the salary would be made something that he might ac­ impracticable restrictions on its administration. cept, although he may not be the man to be appointed per­ LOANS TO SETTLERS manently to the office. The office is worth that much salary The money expended for these projects is ln the natut·e of loans to if we are to get the proper man for it. the settlers which must be returned to the revolving reclamation fund ~lr. TRAMMELL. Mr. President, I raised the question be­ in order that it may be used for the completion or extension of exist­ cau .~ e I feel that when Congress is ready to enact new legisla­ ing projects or the building of meritorious and needed new ones. Tllls tion dealing with the reclamation of land, such further legisla­ money does not come from the 'l'reasury funds which are raised by tax­ tion ought also to provide a plan that contemplates the reclama­ ation from the people, as are the appropriations for rivers and har­ tion of overflowed and submerged land as well as the arid lands bors and other public improvements which are outright expenditures of the country. The southern part of the United States has of the Government which do not have to be repaid. been knocking at the door of Congress for the past few years During the last session of Congress the President recommended cer­ urging that legislation of this character should be general, and tain legislation relating to reclamation, which was enacted into law. that reclamation by drainage is just a worthy of consideration It was based on the able and exhaustive report on reclamation projects and tile assistance of Congress as is the reclamation of the arid made by a committee of experts appointed by the Secretary of the In­ lands. terior for that purpose. Mr. W .ARREX. I know very well about the subject the This legislation was carefully considered and favorably reported to Senator i::; discussing. It is ex."Pected on the part of the Senate Congress by the committees in both Houses having these matters in to in ·ert in legislation that is pending a provision as to the charge. Included in these committees and in the membership of both particular item he mentioned. We expect to include it. So far Houses are some of the ablest and most experienced men in the coun­ as the object of drainage itself is concerned, I will say that if try on irrigation and reclamation matters, and who are also recognized this particular man should be appointed I know of no better as leaders in industry, finance, and the professions. They have been friend for drainage than he is. selected by the people as their representatives, and their advice and Mr. TRAMMELL. I am not objecting to the bill. counsel, and the laws relating to these matters which they have helped 1\Ir. 1\IOSES. Mr. President, may I ask the Senator if there to enact and which the President has approved, should unquestionably is not equal merit in the reclamation of rocky land? I am be given heed by the Qoyernment officials whose duty it is only to speaking now for X ew England. administer them with the utmost promptness and dispatch. This has 1\Ir. TRA~I:\IELL. Of com·se that is a matter of impossibility. not been done in certain important cases. Mr. MOSES. If it is meritorious to put water on the arid Recently certain unfair and misleading statements intimating that lands of the West and take water off the inundated lands of the western Federal reclamation has proved a failure have appeared in South, it is certainly meritorious to take the rocks off the several periodicals of large circulation and have come from certain lands of New England. departmental officials of our Government. This has had a tendency JUr. TRAj\li\IELL. If we are going to do that we should to undermine the public confidence in reclamation project development, haYe a rock-picking picnic down our way, too, because in some and if not answered and checked will do serious harm to reclamation sections of the South we have rocks on our land-not in Flor­ in general, and to the business of the whole country. It will make it ida, however. difficult to secure the nece sary appropriations from Congress and will The VICE PRESIDEXT. The question is on agreeing to tend to depreciate the value of reclamation securities and retard the amendment of the committee. financint; of private rrclamation enterprises hereafter. It is therefore The amendment was agreed to. necessary that the bankers of our country be reliably informed on this The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the question, as they are eminently qualified to grasp the real facts and amendment was concurred in. are especially interested in and affected by the outcome. They, more The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, than others, know that unanswered and unchecked misleading and read the third time, and passed. damaging reports on any business or indnstry are harmful, and reclama­ WESTERN FEDERAL RECLAMATION tion enterprises which have recently been attacked are not unlike bank· 1\Ir. McNARY. 1\Ir. President, in the current number of the ing enterprises in this respect. Favorable public opinion and confi­ American Bankers' Association Journal is a very able and in­ dence in reclamation enterprises are as essential to their success as ter<.> ·ting article by Senator TASKER L. OnniE, of Nevada, on they are to financial and other business enterprises. the important subject of western Federal reclamation. It is WHAT IT HAS ACCOMPLISHED so int£-re:::ting and so informative that I ask unanimous consent "·e must anticipate the future growth of industry and population to have it printed in the RECORD. in our country by reclaiming more lands. Investigation wlll show that The YICE PRESIDE~nr. Without objection, it is so ordered. the agricultural output of the country is not increasing proportionately Tbe article is as follows : with our population. The normal balance between agricultural produc· [From the American Bankers' Association Journal, February, 1926] tion and consumption in our country requires the completion of our present reclamation projects and others under contemplation. A. re· 'WI:STERX FEDERaL RECL.DUTIOX-THROC'GII IT 2,000,000 ACRES OF tarding of normal western reclamation growth will tend to delay the L.Axo IIAIE BEEx Ir.RIG.lTED-A Ntw FA.R:\I PoPGLATIO::f oF 142,000- reducing of the high cost of living to the people in the populous TIIERE AnE 37,000 Jt'Amrs A.xxl"ALLY PRODGCil\'G CROPS VALUED .A.T centers and in the country at large. 0\ER $110,000,000-N'EW '\\EALTH 0\ER TIIREE TIMES A.~IO'CXT OF THE hi>EST.ME •• T If our country's growth and development bas reacheu it maximum, these arguments and facts are of no avail. TASKF.R By L. Onnn:, United States Senator ft·om Nevada, member of Federal reClamation has been one of the most strikingly succe~sful, Senate Committee on Irrigation and Reclamation progt·e sive, and constructive enterprises ever untlet"taken by our Gov­ The present na tioral irrigation-reclamation policy was created to ernment. It has transformed vast areas of the arid deserts in the reclaim the al'id lands of the western public·land States which lack Western States into prosperous farming communities. It bas resulted sufficient rainfall to permit crops to grow without irrigation. It had in the irrigation of about 2,000,000 acres of new land. It has created its beginning in the Newlancls Reclamation Act of 1902, and the New­ a new farm poplllation of about U2,000 people, with 37,000 irrigated lands project in Nevada was the first to be built under this act. farms, and 208 town ·, with a combined population of 337,000 people. Of tbe more than 70,000,000 acres of land within the boundaries of It has created $600,000,000 of new national wealth. It is pt·oducin~ tlle State of Xeyada, the Federal Government owns about 60,000,000 crops on these projects valued at over $110.000,000 per annum. acres, or nearly 90 per cent, an area almost as large as New York, New Already about $200,000,000 has been expended or contracted for from 1926 ·CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-SEN ATE 3995 the reclamation tnnd in building these proje<:ts, and about $60,000,000 away and a once prosperous industry is delivered into the bands of the of this has already been repaid to the fund. Canadian· producer and his oriental workman, because of the lack of Another important result of these western reclamation projeds bai'l adequate taril! protection. been the creation of 935 schools, 633 churches, and 150 banks, with I shall not attempt to go into detail. There is inclo~ed herewith deposits of $111,000,000. a pamphlet issued by the United States cedar industry, which covers the subject in a comprehe11Sive manner. But as go.-ernor I do wish BEXEFITS OF IRRIGATIO~ to appeal to you, not in behalf of the shingle operators but in behalf The benefits that have come to the country as a whole from these of the people of the State of Washington, for it is a heritage of the we tern reclamation projects is incalculable. They have created a people with which we are dealing. market for $500,000,000 worth of manufactured and othet· products The shingle business is a branch of the State of Washington's great­ which other States have furnished. In this the East bas especially est industry, one which has. conh·ibuted more than any other to the benefited. They furnish winter feed for great herds of cattle and sheep State's upbuilding, and which to-day is paying more than 60 per cent that range in the Western States. The feeders from these herds pro­ of the State's industrial pay roll and taxes. It is an industry sup­ nde a substantial part of the market for the corn products of the ported by a great natural resource, and as such it vitally affects Middle Western States. Furthermore, these projects contribute mil­ the welfare of every citizen and imposes a duty upon every public lions of dollar per annum to the >aTious transportation agencie in official. the counh·y. They al o contribute millions of dollars in taxe to the When a tree is felled in the forest every citizen has the right to State and Federal Government each year. In fact, they are so closely expect, not only fo1· ,himself but for his posterity, that that tree knitted to the business and financial structure of the wbole country and th1·ough the process of manufacture will bring back something of value of uch vast and far-reaching importance that they must be encouraged, as a feeder of the people and a sustainer of government. It is our aidcorably in brought themselv-es to the· verge of bankruptcy, but what is more this particular with the transportation industry vf the country. It serious, they are dissipating a great natural resource, thereby con­ hould be remembered tllat the transcontinental railroads have received tributing to the impoverishment of the State and its people. bonuses from the Federal Gorernment of millions of acres of land. The bankruptcy of the shingle mill operators is only incidental to The ttonds of the ·e companies were ne,•er expected to be redeemed in the more serious aspects of the situation. The operator's greatest a . bort period ot years. asset is not his plant nor his timber holdings, but his working crews. THREE 'IDlES ~lORE THAX THE I~TESTYEXT In most instances it bas required years to build up the personnel of A the Government is the trustee for the reclamation fund and the the forces who work the woods and run the machines. Had it not admmistrator of the projects, it is justified in m-ing diligence nnd meant the wrecking of this greatest asset-the human organization-, energy in collecting contract payments from the settlers when they many mill owners who have been operating at a loss, or no more than fall due. I believe the great majority of the settlers are anxious to breaking E:Ven, would have suspended before now. Unless relief is mee>t these obligations pt·omptly. However, as in the administration of afforded the day of their suspension can not long be postponed. This other indu tries, the equities of the case should be considered. This means that thousands of trained and sb.'illed men-law-abiding, home­ tneaus that allowance should be made in cases whi!re the Government owning, family-rearing citizens-will be cut off from their life's voca­ has failed to ll\'e up to its agreements with the settlers because of cer­ tion and denied the benefits which are rightfully theirs by reason of tain unforeseen conditions which have been found to exist, and also their years of labor as artisans. bet>ause of the abnormal and depressed economic conditions the agri­ In short, the serion ness of the situation can not be overstated, cultural and livestock raising industries have experienced on these and in my opinion it is such as to demand immediate action. I am projects as well as in other sections of the counu·y during the last few sure that as a citizen of the State of Washington and as a repre­ years. sentative of its people you can be relied upon to use every possible Consideration should be given to the great numbers of settlers on effort to secure the early enactment of a law providing a fair tari.lf these projects who have suffered hardship and loss in developing them upon imported shingles, and thus save an indush·y which is threatened under the most trying and dlfijcult conditions. with ruin. The American people cJ.n well be proud of the results accomplished With warmest personal regards, I remain, by Federal reclamation. It bas created new wealtb-ovet· three times Sincerely yours, the amount of the Government's investment, the bulk of which will be ROLA~D H. HARTLEY, . repaid to the Government. It is financed from a special revolving Go,;emor of Washington. fun(} from the t·esource of the Western States, and not from taxes COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMEXT OF .AVIATION from the people. It has transformed the barren desert into thrifty and happy fat·ms. It has created an Immense new and profitable Mr. WADSWORTH. 1\fr. President, on February 6 the Sec­ market foe eastern manufactured and other products. It has broad­ retary of War, the Bon. Dwight F. Davis, delivered an address ened the market for corn products of the Middle West by furnishing in New York City reviewing the condition of aviation and its feeder cattle to consume it. It is yearly fumi hing millions of dol­ connection with the national defense and the possibility of lars in taxes to the States and the Federal Government. It is fur­ its commercial development. The address is very informing nishing the country with millions of dollars' worth of long-staple cot­ and comprehensire, and I ask unanimous consent that it may ton annually, which otherwise would come from Egypt, also millions be printed in the REcoRD. of dollars' worth of other high-class agricultural and livestock prod­ There being no objection, the address was ordered to be uct which contribute to the welfare and happiness of the American printed in the RECORD, as follows: p('ople, and which at·e not competitive with those from other sections RE:\IARKS OF HO:X. DWIGHT F. DATIS, SECRETARY OF WAR, AT THE of the count1·y. N.-\TIONAL REPUBLICAN CLl'B, NEW YORK CITY, FEBRUARY 6, 1926, AT TARIFF ON SHINGLES 2 P.M. ~Ir. DILL. llr. President, I have n letter from the governor The subject of aviation is of great interest to the whole country. It of my State on the subject of the tariff on shingles, in which is of vital impot·tance to the Army and Navy. It is a subject upon he appeals to Congress to establish a tarif! on shingles. That which there has been a great deal of controversy, in which, unfor !"u­ happens to be a subject which the Congress is not considering nately, there has been too much of personalitie , pt•ejudice; and passion. at thi time. I shall not take the time of the Senate to read I will try to make my remarks to-day a fair, impartial, dispassionate, the letter if I may have permission to have it printed in the and unbiased statement of the present condition of our Army Air RECORD at this point as a part of my remarks. &!rvice as I see it, knowing full well that whatever I say will be The VICE PRESIDEKT. Without objection, it is so ordered. misconstrued, criticized, and condemned.. Nevertheless, I will give yon The letter is as follows: facts based on investigations, not merely statements ot my personal STATE OF WASHINGTOX, opinion. Olymp·ia, February 10, 1926. Military students, like other intelligent men, believe tllat ail'craft Bon. C. C. DILL, will play a most liDporta.nt part in future wars. They differ as to the Vnited States Senate, lfashington, D. 0. nature of the part which aircraft will take and bow it can be most l\Jy DEAR SE~ATOR: The greatest crime against posterity is the need­ e.fl'ectively used. Upon this subject, as upon almost every other con­ le s di ipation of a God-given resource. The runkest injustice to the troversial subject, there are extreme radicals and there are extreme A mcrican workman is to cut Wm loose from the pursuits of a lifetlme conseryatives. These two classes constitute only a small portion of our and set him adrift with his dependents. We are guilty of both in people, yet they are almost invariably the most vociferous. On exam­ dealing wtth the cedar-shingle industry of the Pacific Northwest. The ining the attitude of conservatives and radicals upon other subjecti'l great cedar fore ts left us by the ages are being whittled and frittered which have long since been settled, we usually find that the radicals 3996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUA.TIY 15 went too far and that the conservatives did not go far enough. The At this meeting, Sir Philip Sassoon, und(lrsecretary of stnte for air, best course usually lies somewhere between the two extremes, although is quoted as saying that he had listened ~·itll great interest to M.r. the "middle of the roaders" are usually damned, for the time at least, Fairey and had to admit that be agreed with everything Mr. Fairey by both classes of extt·emists. had said. I believe that the outlook for aviation, both civil and military, is Last fal1, the French sent over two of their very latest ob ervation brighter than ever before in our history. • Private capital is becoming planes, of which they are ordering a large number. In competition interested in commercial a'iation. The development of commercial with our own observation planes these proved to be no better in a.uy aviation ls vital to the development of military aviation-as vital !lS respect than observation pla1ws which the .\rmy i now buying. was the development of commercial auto trucks to Army truck trans­ A French ace, Captain Fonck, who visited this country very recently portation. The airplane manufacturers are busier than they have been is reported to have sa1d: "We are very far behind the AmNicau . since the war, and their prospects are far better for the future. The The results they haye obt'lined from a mechanical point of view make dP.velopment of the aviation industry is also Yitally important to mili­ them past masters of air technique." tary aviation. In addition, aviation is steadily becoming safer, as In the Schneider maritime cup race last year LieutPnant Doolittle, shown by the statistics. The annual report of General Patrick, the of the Army Air Service, won the cup for the United States by aver­ Chief of Air Service, for the fiscal rear 192::> shows a truly remarkable aging 232 miles per hour over the 330 kilometer cour c at Daltimort>. increase in the safety factor in bea,ier-than-air flying. Flying in the The second place was won by a British contestant with with an average Air Service was over three times as safe in 1924 as in 1921, and that speed of 199 miles an hour, while an Italian pilot finished third, n>er­ factor of safety will probably increase in the futme. Also, pleasant aglng 168 miles per hour. to relate, governmental appropriations are becoming larger each year. A comparison of the airplane world record~ held by the diffrrent An adequate number o! modem planes is gradually being built up in nations is highly favorable to America. Kinety-one world records for both military sen-ices. The period of toll, struggle, and hardship for air airplanes and seaplanes are recognized by the International Aero­ pioneers is neat·ly over ; the pt·esent is pt·omising; the future is bright. nautic Federation. When the four world speed record , r·ecently made America has thus far been backward in .commercial aviation. This by Lieutenant McDonald, are recognized officially, the United States has been clue to everal factors. Foreign governments have subsidized will be credited with a total of 40 world records ns compared with 51 commercial a>iation, a thing which is contrary to our national policy. for all the other nations of the globe. These records are definite, provable Foreign airways companies could not have developed or even existed statements of facts, not mere expressions of opinion. All of these without tlli sub ~ idy. ~lany lines have tieen established abroad, "ith fact and statements which I have outlined prove conclu. ively thnt our governmental a sistance, for political rather than commercial purposes. Air Service and our industry are, to put it ultracon er,·atively, at least Insurance rates abroad are >ery low on goods shipped by air, and this equal to any other nation in technical achievement in neronautics. has encouraged commercial air transportation. In the field of endurance, sklll, and efficiency in organization, 1 will This country has also been slow in establishing a system of govern­ mer·ely recall to your minds certain achievements of the Army Air mental air superYision, . although it is probable that Congress will rem­ Service, to which should be added the special feats of the Navy Air edy this condition during this se sion. We have failed to encourage Service. In Kovember, HH9, Lieutenant Colonel Hartz flew a Martin commercial a>iation by providing certain facilities, such as weather bomber completely around the perimeter of the United States. In reports, airways, landing fields on the public domain, and aerial search­ October of the same y(:'ar a reliability test of ait·planes was held in lights. With the e~tablishment of a Bureau of Civil Aeronautic in the which a large number of planes flew from New York to San Francisco. Department of Commerce, with the present increased interest in the This test was pactically a forerunner of the .\ir l\luil Service. In whole subject of a dation, and with the new willingness of private February, 10~0. the world's altitude record of 33,000 feet was estab­ capital to enter the field of commercial aviation, it is believed that lish<'d by Major Schroeder. This record was broken in l\1ny, 19~1. by these handicaps will rapi21, German war­ than some of the other nations, is given a greater relative strength ships were bombed and sunk by airplanes off the Yirginia capes. In in the Army of the "Gnited States than in the military peace strength September, 1921, forest patrols of the Air Service covered oyer of any country of military importance, except possibly Great Britain, 7,000,000 square miles of forest and discovered several hundred fires, whose geographical and political position requires special ail· strength. preventing a loss of many millions of dollars. Our Army Air Service compri e 6.7 per cent of our total land force, Army airplanes have been employed exclusively in recent year~ to as compared with 5.4 per cent for France, with 3.7 per cent for Italy, spray calcium arsenate on the cotton fields of the South in an attempt and 1.6 per cent fOI' Japan. If the combined figures, including naval to combat the boll weeYil, which In the past has destroyed, according to air forces, were taken, 1 imagine that the proportions would be even conservative estimates, over $200,000,000 worth of cotton a year. In larger in our favor. So while it is true that our air force is too small, l\larch, 1924, the Lnion Pacific Railroad requested that Army planes be our Army Air Service is larger proportionally to the other arms than sent to Omaha to di lodge, by aerial bombs, a serious ice jam wllich the air service of other nations. bad fornred in the Platte River. Our airmen were successful in break­ As regards the quality of our personnel, I believe that in skill, train­ ing the ice jam. thereby averting a certain flood that would have caused ing, and bravery our American flyer is at lea ·t equal, if not superior, thousands of dollars damage to property and seriously endang{•red to any flyer in the world. human lives. Eight square miles of inaccessible mountain ranges and In so fur as the de ign and construction of airplanes is concerned, canyons 1n Hawaii were sown with tree seeds by Army airmen a few the Chief of Air Service tens me that "it can be saicl without fear of years ago, thns sol\·ing a problem of reforestation wllicb bad always .!ontradiction that the Vnited States is at least abreast and in some been of considerable concern to the Territorial government. respects it is decidedly ahead of all the other nations.'' The Army pilots have been pioneers ln long-distance cross-cour.try The Lampert congressional committee found that "in modern equip­ flying. Among the outstanding flights are the flight of a monoplane by ment, quality, and performance we are not excelled, on the whole, by Lieutenants Macreadr and Kelly from ~ew York to S.1n Diego in 26¥.1 any other nation in the world." hours; the nonstop flight of Lieutenant Crocker from the' Gulf of i\Iex­ The national advisory committee for aeronautics in 1925 came to ico to the Canadian border ln less than 12 hours; and the flight by thts conclusion: "The committee is of the opinion that America is at Lieutenants Smith and Richter, when they remained continuously in least abreast of other progressive nations in the technical development the air for 37 hours and 15 minutes, refueling in the air from another of aircraft for military purposes." plane. Finally, comes the epic achieYement of air history, a triumph Recently a prominent British airplane manufacturer (Mr. Fairey) of skill, daring, and official organization, the round-the-world flight of visited this country, and upon his return is r(:'ported to have made the our Army aviators. This record of actual achievement is one of wt ich statement that "As a result of their racing experiments they have we may all be proud. developed the scout (pursuit) type of machine to a point where it So far I have discus ed the record of successful accomplishment by was superior to any other." As regards our re earch work, Mr. Fairey our Army Air Service. Let me now state some of our deficiencies, is also reported to have said : " There was this >et·y great difference which the radical, the conservative, and the " middle of the roader " between British aud Am<'rican research that, whereas the former was alike deplore. First, as to personnel. The Air Service of the Regular along scattered anu somewhat academic channels, seemingly appar­ Army, as contemplated by the national defense act, was to consist ot ently arriving nowhet·e in pat·ticular. American research was focused 1,516 officers and 16,000 enlisted men, including not to exceed 2,500 on dennite problems." fil•ing cadets. Since the passage of the national defense act, the Air 1926 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-SEN ATE 3997 Service, in common with all branches of the Army, has suffered efficient as possible within our means. To carry out the development through periodic reductions in the strength of the Army, a severe cur­ of the Army air component Secretary of War Weeks convened in 1923 tailment in the number of its personnel, as contemplated by 1he act. a board of officers and assigned to this bo~d the duty of drawing up The Air Service, however, bas been fayored by the War Department in a complete project for the strength and organization of the Air Serv­ making the reductions as compared with the other services, as its re­ ice both in mab~l'iel and personnel. This project was to meet both ductions have been but 44 per cent as contrasted with 57 per cent for peace and war requirements and was to co.ntain a program for putting the whole of the Regular .Army and 62 per cent for the Infantry. into eifeet whatever the board should recommend. The board studied Naturally, this cut in all the branches was not made voluntarily by a.ll angles of the problem, including production, procurement, peace the Army itr>elf. strength, war strength in personnel and materiel, organization, and As regards deficiencies in plane , we have not as many new planes distribution. It enunciated a broad policy extending over a 10-year as we would like. We must recognize, however, that many other con­ period, which has been and is the department's policy in air matters. siderations of national policy enter into the question of how much The President's aircraft board did not consider it wise to make money can be made available for this purcha ·e. Where the necessity definite plans for such an extended period as 10 years, and recom­ for t ax reduction and our desire to spend many millions for new mendPd that a plan extending over a period of 5 years be studied. planes conflict, higher authority must make tile decJsion and we must Such a study is now being made. abide by it. In ju -tice to these higher authorities it is only fair to The development of a national-defense plan is a difficult, complicated, F.ay that if we bad been allowed to spend the money we would have technical subject which I do not feel competent to discuss, even if I liked to spend on new airplanes during the past few years, most or had sufficient time to-day. I will only call your attention to one or two the. e planes would now be obsolete as fighting planes. In fact, in factors which should be kept in mind when discussing this subject. 19:l2 the Chief of Air Service did not spend all of the money appro­ A. country's defensive plan, as distinguished from an offensive plan, is priated for new planes, because be had not tandardized the types be based upon the probable enemy strength which could be brought against wanted to purchase. I must not be under:>tood as saying that the it. This .necessarily varies with different countries, the geographical Goverment is not pending a very large sum on aviation, as the appt·o­ factor being an important consideration. This is especially true o.f priations for 1D2G for the Army Air Service are $14,700,000, with a this country, protected as we are by broad oceans on both the east and contract authorization of $2,150,000, and for the Navy Air Service the west. Such a situation is particularly important when considering $14,790,000, with a contract authorization of $4,100,000 (exclusive of the danger of an air attack. An eminent scientist and student of 3,000,000 for a new carrier). My point is that i! tax reduction aerodynamics, memb ~ r of the Advisory Committee on Aeronautics, and and the purchase of large numbers or new planes can not both be director of the Stanford Aerodynamics Laboratory, Dr. L. W. F. Du­ accomplished at once, our duty as soldiers is to accept the decision rand, stated recently, according to the papers, that the maximum range and spend the money allotted to us as efficiently as possible. The of an airplane carrying a load of bombs is 1,200 miles at present. In results I have outlined show that this has been done. his opinion, a plane that will tt·avel 2,000 miles carrying a 4,000-pound Our Air Service has been criticized for using rebuilt war machines. bomb may be developed in time, but anythlng beyond that is nearly Any business man or sound judgment wonlfl have followed this policy. impos ible. If this eminent scientist is correct, it is endent that to make an air attack and return nn enemy must seize and hold a base It ha ' been and is being followed by the other nations. The facts are as follows: 'rhls country, like othen: e.ngaged in the war, was left within 500 or 600 mlles of our coast. The Pre ident's aircraft board at its close with a vast accumulation of war-built aircraft material stated: " It seems to be the consensus of expert opinion that the which had cost enormous sums of money. It was a serious question effective radius of flight for bombiag operations is at present between what should be done with this material. If it was scrapped, written 200 and 300 miles." In this respect the difference between our geo­ oft' as a dead loss, and if we started afr esh to build airplanes in qu::m­ graphical situation and that of an European nation is obvious. This tities, the design and the methods of construction would baYe been difference would naturally affect the size, composition, and organization no better than those employed 1n connection with the manufacture of of our air forces as compared with theirs. the e war planes, and only a few could have been made with the money The element of time is also an important consilleration. A Euro­ available. The designs were also being constantly improved, and this pean nation might be in danger of an air attack within a few minutes progress was so great that these designs succeeded each other rapidly after war 1s declared. Fortunately for us, we are in no such dang~r. anu each new development made somewhat out of date the one .that In fact, the President's aircraft board stated specifically that in its preceded it. In fact, at no time until perhaps a year or two ago, opinion the United States was in no danger of an air attack from would it have been possible to build airplanes with the design then any potential enemy of menacing strength. aYailable with any cet·tainty that they would not be rendered ol.lsolete Another factor in devising war plans, which all mllitary experts by other designs before they could be placed in service. consider of the greatest importance, ·is the neces ity for unity of com­ mand, which was the outstanding lesson of the World War. They .According to Mr. Orville Wright, more scientific knowledge of the hold that the commander in chief must be the supreme military de ign anu construction of airplanes has been acquired during the authority and that under his orders should be all the forces which past four or five years than in all the other 17 or 18 years which go to make up the Army of the United States. He should control follo\Yed the Wrights' first flight in 1903. During this transition the air forces as well as the ground forces, and the air operations period it was decided to keep in service the war-built planes, I·ebuild­ which are an essential part of the ground operations should be co­ ing them when needed. I am emphatically assured by the Chief of ordinated with the battle plans for the other units which constitutfl Air Service that "tllese planes are never sent into the air until the rest of his command. after they have been thoroughly inspected, repaired, and put in as 'l'his is a plain buslnPss proposition. Every business enterprise good condition as when first manufactured." "Furthermore," he should have at its head one supreme and final authority. All the states, " a very careful examination of aU the accidents which have hap­ branches of the busine~>s should come under it to insure proper co· pened shows clearly that there have been exceedingly few whi<;h were ordination and proper teamwork. All must be directed to the com­ due to any failure on the part of the planes themselves." By using mon end, success in that particular business field. The business man this material at moderate cost the Army Air Service was kept flying gives to his subordinates a considerable measure or authority. Upon while, at the same time, every effort was bent toward securing better each he places the proper measure of re ponsibility. The War De­ designs and improved methods of manufacture. It was a safe, souud, partment's national defense theory differs in no essential particular and businesslike method of solving the problem. from this businesslike method of administering a large corporation At the first meeting of the President's aircraft board, whose pains­ or combination of related interests. taking investigations, patient research, and sound reasoning is a One otber thought and I am through. Modern warfare is not a mat­ valuable contribution to aviation, I said, after reviewing the condi­ ter of armies and navies alone. It involves the whole Xation. The tion of our air force: "I see no reason to be pa.llicky about the con­ manufacturer in his factory, the workman at his tool, the farmer at dition of our Air Service." When we realize the great progress that his plow, the worker in the mill, the financier, the scientist, the is being made in commercial aviation and in the airplane industry, diplomat, all have an important part to play in the defense of the both of which are vital to military aviation; when we realize that our Nation. The natural resources, the mineral wealth, the whole indus­ Army Air Service, although too small in size, is larger in proportion trial, agricultural, and commercial fabric are of vital importance. to the other arms than other air services; that our personnel is at Aviation is an important factor in the national defense, but it is only least equal to any In the world; that in the design and construction of one of many factors. Any comprehensive plan must envisage all the airplanes we are at least abreast, if not ahead, of other nations; that factors and must ut11Lze and coordinate them to the maximum efficiency. we hold 40 world's records out of a total of 91; that our service has Every department of Government, every branch of industry, indeed an unequaled record of constructive achievement, crowned by the epic every citizen, is an integral part m the national defense. rounu-the-world flight; with this picture before us, do you feel that We must consider the whole defense problem calmly, thoughtfully, there is any reason to be panicky about the condition of our Air patriotically. The subject is too important for passion or prejudice, Service? the consequences of mistake too disastrous. In our discussion of the This does not mean that we should not seek to improve the service national defense let us have but one thought in mind, the safety of our where improvement is possible, to increase the size of the force, and country, the llves of our boys in battle. Other con. iderations are purchase new planes when money is available, to make the service as unimportant; this is all important. 3998 COXGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 15

EXEC"GTIVE SESSION date of acceptance, with rank fTom 1\Iarch 21, 1926, vice Maj. Mr. CURTIS. I move that the Senate proceed to the con­ Gen. Malin Craig, Chief of Cavalry, nominated for appointment sideration of executive business. as major general of the line of the Army. The motion was agreed to, and the Senate proceeded to the PROMOTIONS IN THE REGULAR ARMY consideration of executive businl:'ss. After 10 minutes spent in Maj. Charles Augustine Thuis, Infantry, to be lieutenant col­ executive session the doors were reopened, and the Senate (at onel from February 7, 1926. 5 o'clock and 25 minutes p. m.) adjourned until to-morrow, Capt. Edward Tifi:ln Comegys, Finance Department, to be Tuesday, February 16, 1926, at 12 o'clock meridian. major from February 7, 1926. NOMINATIONS To be captains Executive nominations 1·eceit·ea by the Senate February 15, First Lieut. Marvin Wade )Jarsh, Infantry, from February 5, 1926 1926. First Lieut. Holland Spencer Chamness, Infantry, from Feb­ UNITED ST.ATES ATTOR~EYS ruary 7, 1926. Edward E. Hindman, of Mississippi, to be United States First. Lieut. Julian Horace George, Infantry, from February attorney, southern district of Mississippi. (A reappointment, 8, 1926. his term ha,ing expired.) First J~ieut. William Camillus Kabrich, Coast Artillery Corps, William D. Coppernoll, of Alaska, to be United States from February 11, 1926. attorney, third di,ision, district of Alaska, vice Frank II. Foster, appointed by court. To be first lieutenants John S. Murdock, of Rhode Island, to be United States Second Lieut. Frank Joseph Spettel, Infantry, from Febru­ attorney, distlict of Rhode Island, 'ice Norman S. Case, term ary 5, 1926. expired. Second Lieut. Burwell Baylor Wilkes, jr., Infantry, from Randolph Bryant, of Texas, to be United States attorney, February 7, 1926. eastern district of Texas. (A reappointment, his term having Second Lieut. John Barry Peirce, Infantry, from February 8, expired.) 1926. UNITED STATES 1\I.ARSHALS Second Lieut. James Raymond Goodall, Coast Artillery Charles R. Ligon, of Missi'3sippi. to be United States marslu1l, Corps, from February 11, 1926. northern distr1ct of 1\Iissi~sippi, vice John H. Cook, appointed POSTMASTERS United States attorney. ALABAMA John C. Orrick, of Montana, to be United States marshal, disb·ict of l\lontana, vice Rolla Duncan, resigned. ·winston C. Shotts to be postmaster at Hackleburg, Ala., in Chester N. Leedom, of South Dakota, to be United States place of E. ll. Sullins, resigned. marshal, district of South Dakota, vice John Rooks, appointed Alice Wilkinson to be postmaster at Prattville, Ala., in place by the court. of Alice Wilkinson. Incumbent's commission expired February 1-!, 1926. SOLICITOR OF THE TREASURY Stella K. Martin to be postmaster at Plantersville, Ala., in Robert J. Mawhinney, of Pennsylvania, to be Solicitor of place of S. K. Martin. Incumbent's commission expired Febru­ the Treasury, vice Richard R. 1\lcl\:lahon, retired. ary 14, 1926. CoLI.ECTon. OF CuSTOMS Jewell Sorrell to be postmaster at Jamison, Ala., in place of John C. McBride, of Juneau, Alaska, to be collector of cus­ Jewell Sorrell. Incumbent's commission expired February 14, toms for customs collection district No. 31, mth headquarters 1926. at Juneau, Alaska. Reappointment. Wiley l\I. nean to be poRtmaster at Clanton, Ala., in place of .Judson LaMoure, jr., of Pembina, K Dak., to be collector of "'· ~I. Bean. Incumbent's commission expired February 14, customs for customs collection district No. 34, with headquar­ 1926. ters at Pembina, N. Dak. Reappointment. Elennor F. Whitcher to be postmaster at Bridgeport, Ala., in place of E. F. Whitcher. IncumiJent's commission expired Feb­ JUDGE OF THE MUNICIPAL COURT, DISTRICT OF CoLuMBIA ruary 14, 1926. James A. Cobb, of the District of Columbia, to be a judge of James F. Brawner to be postmaster at Andalusia, Ala., in the Municipal Court, District of Columbia, vice Robert H. Ter­ place of J. F. Brawner. Incumbent's commission expired Feb­ rell, deceased. ruary 13, 1926. COAST AND GEODETIC S"GRVEY Helen M. Jones to be postmaster at Whistler, Ala., in place The following-named officers of the Coast and Geodetic Sur­ of A. E. Welch. Incumbent's commission expired December 20, vey to the positions named : 1925. Benjamin F. Beesley to be postmaster at :\IcKenzie, Ala., in Aid, ~citlb relative 1·ank of en-sign in the Navy place of B. F. Beesley. Incumbent's commission expired De­ Edward Robert McCarthy, of l\fassachusett ·, vice V. A. cember 20, 1925. Powell, resigned. ARKAN ~-\S Francis Bartholomew Quinn, of Massachusetts, vice P. C. Doran, promoted. Claude G. Felts to be postmaster at Alicia, Ark.. in place of . Emil Herman Kir~ch, of South Dakota, 'ice V. A. Bishop, C. G. Felts. Incumbent's commission expire(} November 17, promoted. 1925. Hem·y James Healy, of North Dakota, vfce B. Williams, CALIFOR~IA promoted. Grace R. Ashbriuge to be postmaster at A val on, Calif., in Leonard Carl Johnson, of Massachusetts, vice H. J. Peter­ place of 1\I. E. Trout, removed. son. resigned. Nellie K. Cushing to be postmaster at :Martinez, Calif., in Ira Taylor Sanders, of Tennessee, vice W. E. Strohm, re­ place of N. K. Cushing. Incumbent's commission expired Feb­ signed. ruary 2, 1926. CoAsT GuARD John P. Day to be postmaster at Woodlake, Calif., in plare Lieut. (Junior Grade) (Engineering) Herman H. Curry of .T. P. Day. Incumbent's commission expired February 10. to be a lieutenant (Engineering) in the Coast Guard of the 1926. United States, to rank as such from September 30, 1925. Arthur M. Becker to be postmaster at Visalia. Calif.. in pl!lce of A. d. Becker. Incumbent's commis ion expired February APPOI~TMEXTS IN THE REGULAR ARMY 10. 1926. GENERAL OFFICERS Loring N. Kirk to be postmaster at Upland, Calif., in place Brig. Gen. Malin Craig (major general, Chief of Cavalry) of L. N. Kirk. Incumbent's commission expired February 10, to be major general from 1\larch 21, 1926, vice Maj. Gen. 1926. Charles T. 1\lenoher, to be retired from active service March Patrick P. O'Bri<'n to be postmaster at Los Angeles, Calif., 20, 1~26. in place of P. P. O'Brien. Incumbent's commission expired Col. Henry Grant Learnard, Infantry, to be brigadier genet·al February 10, 1926. from March 21, 1026, vice Brig. Gen. Malin Craig, nominnted Thomas H. Faus to be postmaster at Lindsay, Calif., in place for appointment as major general. of T. H. Faus. Incumbent's commission expired February 10, 1926. CAVALRY Theodore H. Zimmerman to be postmaster at Fillmore, Calif., Col. Herbert Ball Crosby, Cavalryt to be Chief of Cavalry, in place of T. H. Zimme1 man. Incumbent's commission ex­ with the rank of major general for a period of four years from pired February 10, 1926. 1926 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-SEN ATE 3999 William H . Nicholson to be postmaster at Ben Lomond, William 0 . McCurdy to be postmaster at l\Iassena, Iowa, in Calif., in place of W. B. Nicholson. Incumbent's commission place of W. C. McCurdy. I ncumbent's commi sion expired Feb­ expired February 10, 1926. ruary 10, 1926. Joseph F. Carroll to be postmaster at Bell, Calif., in place of KANSAS J. F. Carroll. Incumbent's commission expired February 10, ·Elmer E . Haynes to be postmaster at Madison, Kans., in 192G. place of E . E . Baynes. Incumbent's commission expired Feb­ COLORADO ruary 15, 1926. Grace Conrad to be postmaRter at Olney Springs, Colo., in E. Ervin Town~din to be postmaster at Hugoton, Kans., in place of Grace Conrad. Incumbent's commission expires Feb­ place of E. E . Townsdin. Incumbent's commission expires ruary 16, 1926. February 16, 1926. Rachel Crawford to be postmaster at Cortez, Colo., in place Sidney H. Knapp to be po tmaster at Concordia, Kans., in of C. II. Pollard. Incumbent's commission expired December place of S. H. Knapp. Inired February 9, 1D26. . Leander C. Gregory to be postmaster at Croton Falls, N. Y., Joel W. Sever to be po tmaster at Hurdland, Mo., in place m place of L. C. Gregory. Incumbent's commission expired of J. W. Se-rer. Incumbent's commission expired February 2, February 14, 1926. 1926. Truman Y. Burr to be postmaster at Cochecton, N. Y., in Peter S. Ravenstein to l.Je postmaster at Hayti, ·Mo., in place place ofT. Y. Burr. Incumbent's coinmi ·sion expires February of P. S. Ra-renstein. Incumbent's commi sion expired November 16, 1926. 2~. 1925. . E. Adelbert Totman to be postmaster at Cincinnatus, N. Y., Arthur F. Goetz to be postmaster at Canton, l\Io., in place m place of E. A. Totman. Incumbent's commi sion expires of A:. F. Goetz. Incumbent's commission expired ~ovember 19, February 16, 1926. 10~3. . Fred H. Woolshlager to be po.stmaster at Castorland, N. Y., 1'.10.:'\TA::-l"A. m place of F. H. 'Yoolshlager. Incumbent's commi sion expired Emil Heikkila to be postmaster at Roberts, Mont., in place of February 14, 1926. J. J. Pietila, deceased. Clare_nce B. Kewhouse tTo be postmaster at Bloomingburg, Philip Daniels to be postmaster at Anaconda, Mont., in place N. Y., rn place of C. B. Newhouse. Incumbent's commission of Philip Daniel . Incumbent's commission eA.""Pires February expires February 16, 1926. 15, 1926. Ccarles Ray to be postmaster at Barker, N. Y., in place of Jessie Z\1. Tripp to be postmaster at Gardiner, Mont., in place Charles Ray. Incumbent's commission expires February 16 of J. i\I. Tripp. Incumbent's commission expired February 1926. ' 3, 1!)26. Freel A. Shoemaker to be postmaster at Averill Park, N. Y., :KEBRASKA. in place of F. A. Shoemaker. Incumbent's commission expired Elsie B. Tllompson to be postmaster at Wynot, Kebr., in place February 14, 1926. of E. B. rrhompson. Incumbent's commission expires February Lester J. Taylor to be postmaster at Arkport, N. Y., in place 16, 1926. of L. J. Taylor. Incumbent's commission expired February Gilbert E. Swan on to be po~tmaster at Oshkosh, Nebr., in 14, 1926. place of G. E. Swan..;on. Incumbent's commission expires Feb­ Baxter H. Betts to be postmaster at Argyle, N. Y., in place ruary 16, 1926. of B. H. Betts. Incumbent's commission expired February 14, Milton L. Pittenger to be po··tmaster at Crab Orchard, Nebr., 1926. in place of M. L. Pittenger. Incumbent's commission expires Bunell Vastbinder to be postmaster at Addison, ~. Y., in February 16, 1926. place of Burrell Yastbinder. Incumbent's commission expired Frank N. Thomson to be postmaster at Winnebago, Nebr., in February 14, 1926. place of F. N. Thomson. Incumbent's commis. ion expired John G. Cole to be postmaster at ·waterford, N. Y., in place February 9, 1926. of J. G. Cole. Incumbent's commission expired January 21, Blanche Snyder to be postmaster at Oconto, Nebr., in place 1926. of Blanche Snyder. Incumbent's commission expired February Clarence B. Dibble to be postmaster at Sidney Center, N. Y., 10, 1926. in place of E. A. Howes. Incumbent's commis ion expired Isaac A. Reneau to be postmaster at Broken Bow, Nebr., in December 22, 1925. place of I. A. Reneau. Incumbent's commission expired Febru­ l\1am1e B. E-rans to be postmaster at Machias, N. Y., in place ~f. ary~. 1926. of B. Evans. Incumbent's coremission expired November NEW HAMPSHIRE 17, 1925. John A. Gleason to be postmaster at Dublin. N. H .. in place Ella Babcock to be postmaster at Lake Huntington, N. Y., of J . .A.. Gleason. Incumbent's commission expires February in place of Ella Babcock. Incumbent's commi~sion expired February 10, 1926. 15, 1926. NEW MEXICO r\ORTH C.A.ROUNA Charles C. Lee to l.Je po ·tmaster at Las Cruces, N. :Mex., in Wallace A. Reinhardt to be postmaster at Kewton, N. C., place of C. C. Lee. Incumbent's commission expires February in place of "\V. A. Reinhardt. Incumbent's commission expired 15, Hl26. February 13, 1926. NEW JERSEY John R. Rollins to be postmaster at Bessemer City, N. C., William H. Cottrell to be postmaster at Princeton, N. J., in in place of J. R. Rollins. Incumbent's commission expired place of W. H. Cottrell. Incumbent's commission expired February 13, 1026. February 10, 1926. Abram L. Alexander to be postmaster at. Plymouth, N. C., Clark P. Kemp to be postmaster at Little Silver, N. J., in in place of A. L. Alexander. Incumbent's commis~ion expired place of C. P. Kemp. Incumbent's commission expired Febru­ February 10, 1926. ary fO, 1926. NORTH DAKOTA NEW YORK • Anna E. Reimers to be postmaster at Max, N. Dak., in place Willis J. Stone to be postmaster at "'est Chazy, N. Y., in of C. C. Reimers, remo-red. place of W. J. Stone. Incumbent's commission expired Feb­ 0-ridia G. Black to be postmaster at Werner, N. Dak., in ruary 14, 1926. place of J. M. Lewis. Incumbent's commission expired .Novem­ Lewis L. Erhart to be postmaster at Pleasant Valley, N. Y., ber 17, 1925. in place of L. L. Erhart. Incumbent's commission expires Joseph J. Simon to be postmaster at Thompson, N. Dak., in February 16, 1926. place of J. J. Simon. Incumbent's commission expired Febru­ Leo F. Wixom to be postmaster at North Cohocton, N. Y., ary 9, 1926. B. in place of C. Stoddard. Incumbent's commission expired OHIO November 17, 1925. McKenzie B. Stewart to be postmaster at l\Iooers, N. Y., in Allen G. Bogart to be postmaster at Columbus Grove, Ohio, in place of M. B. Stewart. Incumbent's commission expired Feb­ place of A. G. Bogart. Incumbent's commission expired Febru­ ruary 14, 1926. ary 14, 1926. 1926 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 4001 Carl Ledman to be postmaster at Byesville, Ohio, in place of George E. Kemp to be postmaster at Philadelphia, Pa., in Carl Ledman. Incumbent's commission expired November 17, place of G. E. Kemp. Incumbent's commission e1.:-pired Feb­ 1925. ruary 2, 1926. Earl R. Burford to be postmaster at Minerva, Ohio, in place Newton E. Palmer to be postmaster at Oxford, Pa., in place of E. R. Burford. Incumbent's commission expired February of N. E. Palmer. Incumbent's commission expired February 10, 1926. 13, 1926. Charles E. Schindler to be postmaster at Coldwater, Ohio, Frederick V. Pletcher to be postmaster at Howard, Pa., in in place of C. E. Schindler. Incumbent's commission expired place of F. V. Pletcher. Incumbent's commission expired No­ February 10, 1926. vember 18, 1925. Herman W. Davis to be postmaster at Bedford, Ohio, in place Elmer D. Getz tq be postmaster at Akron, Pa., in place of of H. W. Davis. Incumbent's commission expired February 10, E. D. Getz. Incumbent's commission expired February 13, 1926. 1926. OKLAHOMA 'Yilliam H. Yoder to be po tma ter at New Kensington, Pa., Logan G. Hysmith to be postmast~r at Wilburton, Okla., in in -place of W. H. Yoder. Incumbent's commission expired place of L. G. Hy mith. Incumbent's commission expired January 30, 1926. January 18, 1926. SOuTH CAROLINA Bernie A. Cockrell to be postmaster at Tonkawa, Okla., in Eugene B. Mack to be po. tma "ter at Elloree, S. C., in place of place of B. A. Cockrell. Incumbent's commis ion e:~:-pired Feb­ J. A. Parler, resigned. ruary )3, 1926. Loring Terry to be postmaster at Yemassee, S. C., in place of Edwin B. Minich to be po tmaster at Eldorado, Okla., in Loring Terry. Incumbent's commission expires February 15, place of E. B. Minich. Incumbent's commission expired Feb­ 1926. ruary 13, 1926. Jasper E. Johnson to be postmaster at Gray Court, S. C., in Edward McKim to be postmaster at Prague, Okla., in place place of J. E. Johnson. Incumbent's commission expired Feb­ of L. M. Newhou. e. Incumbent's commission expired Novem­ ruary 14, 1926. ber n. 1925. William ~- Thornton to be postmaster at Enoree, S. C.. in Lee R. Johnson to be po. tmaster at Olustee, Okla .. in place place of B. P. Lamb. Incumbent's commis ion expired Novem­ of L. R. Johnson. Incumbent's commi sion ~xpired February ber 2, 1925. 10, 1026. SOUTH DAKOTA Walter S. Florence to be postmaster at Madill, Okla., in place of W. S. Florence. Incumbent's commis~ion e:A})ired Harry l\I. Bardon to be postm~ster at Rockham, S. Dak., in February 10, 1926. place of H. l\1. Bardon. Incumbent's commis::;ion ex-pires Feb­ Charles L. Bell to be postma. ter at Lindsay Okla., in place ruary 16, 1926. of U. L. Bell. Incumbent's commission expired February 10, Sidney N. Dorwin to be postmaster at :.llidland, S. Dak., in 1926. place of S. N. Darwin. Incumbent's commission expired Febru­ Jason A. N. Horton to be postmaster at Htmter, Okla., in ary 9, 1926. place of J. A. X Horton. Incumbent's commission expired Harley H. Cable to be postmaster at Hudson, S. Dak., in February 10, 1926. place of H. II. Cable. Incumbent's commission expiJ.·ed Febru­ Walker D. Guthrie to be postma ter at Granite, Okla., in ary 9, 1926. place of W. D. Guthrie. Incumbent's commis ion expired Fre

1\l.ARINE CoRPS NORTH DAKOTA Norman G. Burton to be colonel. Eldor G. Sagehorn, Stanton. Charles R. Sanderson to be lieutenant colonel. TEXAS TO BE MAJORS William C. Kenyon, Amarillo. John L. Doxey. Benjamin A. Moeller. John W. Ward, Big Spring. ·John A. Gray. Archibald Young. Hugh B. Eades, Blo om. Paul C. Marmion. Harold C. Pierce. Joseph N. Johnson, Dalhart. Lowry B. Stephenson. Harry K. Pickett. Charles E. Bradford, Decatur. TO BE FIRST LIEUTENANTS Oscar Yeager, Ringgold. Peter G. Luca , San Antonio. Guy B. Beatty. Ivan W. Miller. John G. Clausing. Joe N. Smith. WEST VIRGINIA Jolm M. Greer. Louis E. 1\larie, jr. 1\ladge ::U. Adkins, Hamlin. William E. Maxwell. Arthur J. Burks. Clay A. Wilcox, Piedmont. Clarence R. 'Valluce. James S. Monahan. Ronald A. Boone. John A. Bemis. WISCO. SIN Charles 'S. Finch. John C. 1\IcQueen. William 0. 1\Ic"llahon. Cumberland. Paul B. Watson. Howard N. Kenyon. John E. Himley, Wabeno. William B. Onley. William N. McKelvy, Robert D. Foote. Andre V. Cherbonnier. WITHDRA.W ALS James H. Strother. William W. Davies. E(l'~cutit:e 1tominations 1cithdrazcn frcnn the Senate February PosTMASTERs 15, 1926 ALABAMA First Lieut. :Marvin Wade :Marsh, Infantry, to be captain, Robert Patterson, Selma. from February 2, 1926. All KANSAS Second Lieut. Frank Joseph Spettel, Infantry, to be first lieu­ 'Valter E. Glasco, Bigelow. tenant, from February 2, 1926. Lola E. Fergeson, Havana. Samuel C. Scott, Wbeetley. CONNECTICUT HOUSE OF REPRESE~TATIVES William H. S. McEwen, Glenbrook. ~Io:?~.~AY, February 15, 1926 FLORIDA The Bouse met at 12 o'clock noon. Cecilia E. Kilbourn, Carrabelle. The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera .Montgomery, D. D., offered Donald A. Flye, Haines City. the following pr.ayer : William C. Johnson, J en"' en. Agnes l\1. Moremen, J\laitland. Ble ed Lord God, Thou dost for us exceeding abundantly Orville L. Bogue, Oxford. more than we can ask or think. We know Thee by all the "Bonnie B. Wilson, Sneads. words that bring us joy, peace, and hope. In a world with IDAHO such partial glimp ·es and broken lights we give Thee our deep­ est gratitude for such wonderful ble sings. These are the Lowell H. Merriam, Grace. greatest truths of life. 0 merciful God, may we have fine con­ Hansom l!. Coburn, Lewiston. ceptions of sacrifice and service. Strengthen us with a solemn Homer E. Estes, Mo. cow. and fixed determination to judge and measure all ptoblems Well. :McEntire, Pre ton. with an enlightened conscience. When our sunset is ~the Charle Brebner, St. Maries. shore, the river, and the hill, by the light of the cross may Jo. eph 0. :McComb, Troy. we :find our way home. Amen. ILLINOIS The Journal of the proceedings of Saturday was read and Otto W. J. Henrich, Des Plaines. approved. Bruce C. Krugh, Homer. Guy R. Correll, Hutsonville. INDEPEXDENT OFFICES APPROPRIATIOX BILL John W. Miller, OkaWTille. l\Ir. WOOD, from the Committee on Appropriation., and by Elza F. Gorrell, Newton. direction of that committee, reported the bill (H. R. 9341) Robert ~lurphy, Tilden. making appropriations for the Executive Office and sundry in­ KANSAS dependent executive bureaus, boards, commis ions, and offices Sloan E. Cathcart, Mayetta. for the :fi cal year ending June 30 1927, and for other purpo e (Rept. No. 285), which was read the fir t and econd time and, KE~TUCKY with the accompanying papers, referred to the Union Calen­ II enry I. Neely, Hazel. dar and ordered to be printed. William E. Winslow, Wingo. . Mr. SANDLIN reserved all points of order. MISSISSIPPI Lily B. 1\la.xwell, Camden. THE REVENUE BILL Charles B. Turner, Elli ville. l\Ir. GREE~ of Iowa. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent Thomas A. Chapman, Friar Point. to take from the Speaker's table the bill H. R. 1, the revenue Mattie B. Catching, Georgetown. bill, disagree to the Senate amendments, and agree to the con­ Robert J. E. Barwick, Glen Allan. ference asked for by the Senate. Mary E. Herring, Madison Station. 1\lr. SOSNOWSKI. )lr. Speaker, I object. Marion W. Thornton, Pachuta. Mr. GREEN of Iowa. Then, ~lr. Speaker, I move that the Enfield Wharton, Port Gibson. rule be suspended and the resolution which I send to the desk NEBRASKA be passed. Ralph R. Brosius, Valentine. The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the re olution. The Clerk read as follows : NEW YORK Mr. GREE:-< of Iowa moves to suspend the rules and pass the follow­ John B. Houghton, Indian Lake. ing resolution : Eugene F. Gorse, Jefferson. 11 House Resolution 135 Milton C. Armstrong, Long Eddy. William B. Voorhees, Ro coe. 11 Resolved, That the bill (H. R. 1) to reduce and equalize taxation, Frank Wright, Salem. to provide revenue, and for other purposes, with the amendments of Charles H. Huntoon, Sayville. the Senate thereto, be taken from the Speaker's table; that the Senate Winfield Mcinty1·e, Woodbourne. amendments thereto be disagreed to; that the conference requested by .August Abt, Woodridge. the Seuate on the di agreeing votes of the two Houses thereon be agreed to; and that the Speaker, without intervening motion, appoint NORTH CAROLINA tbe managers on the part of the House." Grover L. Harbin, on, Maiden. Cecil M. Griffin, Rural Ball. The SPEAKER. Is a second demanded?