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MAKNA SASOLAHAN SANGHYANG SAMPAT PADA PURNAMA SASIH KARO DI DESA LEMBONGAN I Gede Dedy Diana Putra Institut Hindu Dharma Neger

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MAKNA SASOLAHAN SANGHYANG SAMPAT PADA PURNAMA SASIH KARO DI DESA LEMBONGAN I Gede Dedy Diana Putra Institut Hindu Dharma Neger 30 MAKNA SASOLAHAN SANGHYANG SAMPAT PADA PURNAMA SASIH KARO DI DESA LEMBONGAN I Gede Dedy Diana Putra Institut Hindu Dharma Negeri Denpasar ABSTRAK The Sanghyang Sampat school is a sacred dance that is closely related to the supernatural, scenic, and is believed to help the people of Lembongan Village in the event of natural disasters, infectious diseases, drive out disease outbreaks and others. The Sanghyang Sampat school is also a means to neutralize or protect against the threat of magical power (black magic). Meaning of Sanghyang Sampat School, namely: (1) The Meaning of Bhakti, which is visualized, educates Hindus to be able to surrender themselves with surrender so as to be able to let go of the attachments of life and finally all are absorbed in God's love, (2) The Meaning of Purification, purifying Bhuana Alit and Bhuana Great because this dance is processed through a purification process. With this purification process, it is believed that the Sanghyang Sampat School has purity values and is able to purify the universe and its contents, (3) The Meaning of Balance, the relationship developed between humans and gods, humans and humans, humans and nature, (4) The Meaning of Preservation Culture, Sanghyang Sampat is a product of cultural heritage from the community because the performance is very sacred. In addition, the Sanghyang Sampat Saschool art is a legacy from ancestors who have religious elements. Keywords: Meaning, Sanghyang Sampat Schooling I. PENDAHULUAN mewujudkan ke dalam bentuk-bentuk nilai Inti ajaran agama Hindu terdiri dari seni. Pelaksanaan Upacara cenderung tidak beberapa bagian yang disebut dengan Tri bisa terlepas dari adanya suatu kesenian, baik Kerangka Agama Hindu. Tri Kerangka itu seni kerawitan, seni lukis, dan seni tari. Agama Hindu itu sendiri dibagi menjadi tiga Di dalam pelaksanaan Upacara yajna di bagian antara lain : Tattwa (filsafat), Susila Bali selalu berkaitan dengan seni tari yang (etika) dan Acara (ritual). Dari ketiga bermacam-macam. Seni tari yang mengiringi kerangka tersebut, dapat dikembangkan upacara keagamaan, tetapi ada juga yang menjadi beberapa ajaran agama Hindu yang digunakan sebagai tontonan dalam acara- kemudian diaplikasikan kedalam sebuah acara penyambuatan suatu kegiatan yang praktek upakara atau simbol-simbol yang formal. Jika diperhatikan ritual keagamaan mencerminkan makna dari ajaran agama umat Hindu di Bali selalu melahirkan suatu tersebut. kesenian yang bersifat sakral. Dalam kehidupan masyarakat Bali Pada dasarnya nilai sakral lahir dalam agama dan seni budaya adalah dua hal yang hubungan kegiatan sistem kepercayaan tidak bisa dipisahkan. Keduanya menyatu dikalangan umat Hindu dan amat kuat dalam diri setiap orang, manusia pengaruh tradisi lokal sehingga terdapat membutuhkan agama dan seni budaya karena variasi bentuk yang beragam pula. Seni keduanya ini diyakini dapat meningkatkan sakral sebagai bentuk kesenian merupakan kualitas manusia. Dalam kehidupan sehari- suatu pelaksanaan Upacara keagamaan. hari sebagai insan ciptaan Tuhan dan mahluk Misalnya seni tari, dimana seni tari adalah yang berbeda senantiasa membutuhkan seni yang dalam proses perwujudannya perlindungan-Nya dan selalu menjadikan menggunakan gerak tubuh yang lemah ajaran agama sebagai pegangan hidup ketika gemulai yang diciptakan sesuai kebutuhan manusia tampil dan mengekpresikan diri di aktifitas ritual keagamaan yang dilaksanakan. depan sesamanya, ia akan melakukan dan 31 Tari Bali secara garis besar dapat menari dengan menggerakkan badan dikualifikasikan menjadi 3 (tiga) jenis tari dengan indah”. yaitu : (1) Tari Wali, adalah tarian yang Dari pernyataan di atas, memberikan hanya digunakan dalam Upacara yajna, (2) pemahaman bahwa Sasolahan merupakan tari bebali, adalah tarian yang hanya di ungkapan perasaan manusia yang dinyatakan persembahkan dalam Upacara panca yajna dengan gerakan-gerakan tubuh manusia yang maupun dalam kaitannya dengan fungsi disusun selaras dengan irama musik serta hiburan masyarakat. (3) tari balih-balihan, mempunyai maksud tertentu. adalah segala seni tari yang mempunyai Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia unsur dan dasar dari seni tari yang luhur yang menyebutkan Sanghyang berasal dari kata bersifat inovasi bahkan sangat kontemporer ( “Sang” yang berarti “Lingga” seperti untuk mengandung seni tari yang serius dan penuh menyebutkan “Sang Bima”, “Sang Arjuna” nilai hiburan). Adapun yang termasuk tari dan lain-lainnya. Kata “Sang” juga berarti wali adalah tari rejang, tari baris, tari pendet, “Jejeneng Kasta Prasanggiang”. Kemudian dan tari sanghyang. (Titib, 2003 : 158). dilengkapi dengan kata “Hyang” berarti Yang termasuk tari bebali adalah “Tuhan” atau “Beliau” Yang Maha Kuasa wayang lemah, tari gambuh dan tari topeng. (Tim Penyusun, 2010:497). Terkait dengan Yang dimaksud tari bebalih-balihan adalah pengertian di atas, maka “Sanghyang” dapat tari kebyar, tari janger, sendratari, drama diartikan sebagai “nama atau identitas dari gong, tari legong dan lain sebagainya. Untuk Tuhan dalam manifestasi-Nya”. Bandem mengiringi Upacara yajna maka wujud dari (1982 : 124) menyatakan bahwa : pada seni sakral yaitu tari wali. Dimana tari “Salah satu jenis tarian yang wali meliputi tari rejang, pendet, baris, merupakan peninggalan pra-Hindu sanghyang yang mempunyai fungsi adalah tarian Sanghyang. Tari terpenting yakni sebagai pelengkap Upacara. Sanghyang adalah jenis tari kerauhan Dalam hal ini akan dijelaskan tentang (trance dance), karena pada waktu Sasolahan Sanghyang Sampat pada Purnama menari pada Sanghyang kemasukan Sasih Karo di Desa Lembongan sebagai tari hyang (spirit) yang menyebabkan para wali yang masih dilestarikan. penari tidak sadar. Tari Sanghyang dipentaskan pada saat-saat tertentu, II. PEMBAHASAN khususnya pada saat berjangkitnya 2.1 Sasolahan Sanghyang Sampat pada wabah penyakit. Tarian Sanghyang Sasih Karo di Desa Lembongan erat hubungannya dengan alam gaib”. Secara etimologi Sasolahan Sanghyang Sampat terdiri dari beberapa suku kata yaitu : Dari pemaparan di atas, dapat dikatakan “Sasolahan”, “sanghyang”, dan “sampat” bahwa masyarakat Bali yang mayoritas yang jika dipisahkan masing-masing penduduknya beragama Hindu sangat memiliki arti. Kamus Bahasa Bali Indonesia percaya dengan keberadaan roh halus dan menyebutkan Sasolahan berasal dari kata jahat serta alam yang memiliki kekuatan Solah yang berarti kelakuan. Atau tingkah magis. Untuk mengimbangi dan menetralisir laku (Budha, 2007 : 614). Lebih lanjut keadaan tersebut masyarakat mengadakan Bandem mengatakan bahwa : upacara yang dilengkapi dengan tari-tarian “tari itu berunsurkan movement, yang bersifat religius. Salah satu dari sekian riytme, space yang diikat oleh banyaknya tarian religius yang ada di Bali kebudayaan tertentu. Jadi tari adalah Tari Sanghyang. Tari Sanghyang merupakan cetusan hati atau ekspresi adalah suatu tarian sakral yang berfungsi seorang koreografer yang tidak lepas untuk mengusir wabah penyakit yang sedang dari budaya tertentu. Tari adalah suatu melanda suatu desa atau daerah. gerakan badan yang indah-indah, Kamus Bahasa Bali Indonesia menyebutkan kata “Sampat” berarti sapu. 32 (Budha, 2007:559). Dapat diartikan bahwa manusia menurut ajaran agama Hindu Sampat merupakan suatu alat untuk menyapu merupakan bagian terkecil dari alam semesta. atau membersihkan sesuatu. Sehingga pada Pelaksanaan kegiatan keagamaan Sasolahan Sanghyang Sampat, Sampat seperti Sasolahan Sanghyang Sampat yang diartikan sebagai alat atau simbol untuk bersifat sakral dan memperhatikan nilai membersihkan atau menyucikan Bhuana kesucian dari setiap tempat prosesinya. Agung dan Bhuana Alit ketika masyarakat Berkenaan dengan prosesi Sasolahan terjangkit wabah penyakit. Sanghyang Sampat yang diikuti dengan Sedangkan sasih karo menurut Kamus berbagai aktivitas ritual, maka tempat Bahasa Bali, yaitu bulan kedua dalam pelaksanaannya pun menjadi penentu nilai perhitungan Bali yang jatuhnya sasih karo sakralisasi tarian. Tempat pementasan biasanya pada bulan agustus. Berkaitan Sasolahan Sanghyang Sampat di Desa dengan itu, maka sasolahan Sasolahan Lembongan tidak seperti pementasan tari Sanghyang Sampat di Desa Lembongan pada umumnya, yang menggunakan stage dilaksanakan dua tahun sekali pada Purnama atau panggung pertunjukan dengan dekorasi Sasih Karo. Mengingat pada sasih karo di dan tata lampu yang modern. Tempat Desa Lembongan terkenal dengan terjadinya Sasolahan Sanghyang Sampat ialah area cuaca yang buruk. Mulai dari perubahan terbuka yaitu catus pata/perempatan agung. iklim yang tidak menentu yang Dalam hal berkesenian banyak jenis mengakibatkan cuaca menjadi buruk seperti tarian banyak pula jenis iringan musik yang banyaknya wabah penyakit, angin kencang digunakan dalam mengiringi suatu tarian, dan gelombang pasang di laut. Dengan namun dalam pelaksanaan Sasolahan melihat keadaan tersebut, maka Sanghyang Sampat tidak menggunakan dipentaskanlah Sasolahan Sanghyang Sampat gamelan melainkan hanya menggunakan ini pada saat Purnama Sasih Karo yang gending atau seni suara yang dapat pula dengan tujuan untuk mentralisir wabah disebut dengan gita. Iringan gending tersebut penyakit, cuaca buruk seperti angin kencang dilakukan oleh sekaa santhi yang ada di Desa dan gelombang pasang Lembongan. Jadi Sasolahan Sanghyang Sampat Adapun gending yang mengiringi adalah tarian sakral yang erat hubungannya Sasolahan Sanghyang Sampat pada purnama dengan alam gaib, keniskalaan, serta sasih karo sebagai berikut: dipercaya akan membantu masyarakat Desa 1. Sanghyang sampat sanghyang Lembongan ketika terjadi bencana alam, sampat penyakit menular,
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