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Is That Really a Fair Test?

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Is That Really a Fair Test? fair • trial • variable • objective • process • controlling SciGen Unit 6.4 IS THAT REALLY A science FAIR TEST? SCIENCE ACTIVITIES Session 1 2–3 Reader’s Theater Session 2 4–5 Speaking Scientifically Session 3 6–8 In the Lab Session 4 9 Meeting of the Minds Session 5 10–11 Writing SUPPLEMENTARY ACTIVITIES FOR OTHER CONTENT AREAS ELA 12 Is teen court the best way for students to get a fair trial? Math 13 Studying Running Social Studies 14 New Technologies Bring New Rules FOCUS WORDS Examining the Focus Words Closely 15 © 2015 SERP SciGen Unit 6.4 1 Session 1 fair • trial • variable • objective • process • controlling Reader’s Theater Debate After the Race Setting: Gregory pushed the door hard as he walked out of school. It had not been a good day. There had been a contest to figure out who was the best runner in the school. He had been sure that he would win, but he had lost to Evan. His friends Angelina and Monique were waiting for him when he came out the door. Angelina: Why are you so mad about losing? Get over it. Angelina: Like what? How are you going to make the You lost. contest better? Gregory: That contest was not fair! Gregory thought for a while. There had to be a way of controlling variables in the contest to make sure it Angelina: What do you mean “not fair?” You ran a race actually tested who was the best runner in the school. and you lost. Gregory: Everyone should have to run in the morning. Gregory: But that’s just it. I only got to run one race. I No one should get to wear brand new clothes or special know I’m faster than Evan. He knows it too. If I had a shoes for running. I think things like that would make it chance to run again, I’m sure I’d beat him. more fair. Monique was quiet. She had watched the race and was Angelina: I guess you have a point. Saying something is thinking about whether Gregory might have won if he the best doesn’t make a lot of sense unless the test is had done multiple trials. fair. Maybe next year you can see if the teachers will Monique: I don’t know if you would have won if you got change some of the rules. to run more than once. Evan ran pretty fast. Gregory: I also had to run right after lunch. Everyone You may hear a younger brother or sister say “that’s knows you never run your fastest right after eating. Evan not fair” when a parent allows an older child to had lunch an hour earlier! attend an event late at night. This use of the word Monique: Okay, I guess I can see how lunch might “fair” is subjective (not objective) and cannot be change how fast you can run. tested. While Monique agreed that eating lunch was a variable In science class, we use the word “fair” in a different in the race, Angelina didn’t think it was why Gregory lost. way. To be fair, we measure and/or test something Angelina: You can’t say lunch was the problem. Maybe using a specific process in order to get as close to some people run faster after lunch because they have the truth as possible. For example, if we want to find more energy. You lost. Stop whining. out if water or alcohol evaporates faster, we would control variables such as the amount of liquid, the Gregory: Oh come on. Evan also had on brand new shape of the container, and where they are placed in sneakers. I just have my old ones. How is that fair? the sun. Angelina: You both ran the same distance. He crossed the finish line before you. Finish lines don’t lie. Monique agreed that using the finish line was an objective way to figure out who was fastest, but she thought Angelina was being too tough on Gregory. Monique: Gregory, you seem to think lots of things about this contest were unfair. What would you do differently? Gregory: I just think the whole process is wrong. The way that they choose the BEST runner shouldn’t come from only one race. Things have to be more fair. There need to be some more rules. © 2015 SERP SciGen Unit 6.4 2 Session 1 fair • trial • variable • objective • process • controlling Reader’s Theater Identifying Perspectives 1. Monique agrees that eating lunch before the race might have been a variable that affected Gregory’s performance. What else does Gregory think was a variable in the race? a. The other boy got a head start. b. It was raining that day. c. The other student had new sneakers. d. The teachers liked the other student better than Gregory. 2. Why does Gregory want to do more than one trial for the running contest? a. He thinks he could win if he had a second chance. b. He always runs badly his first time. c. He ran in a different contest that allowed him more than one trial. d. He wants to run against people who are slower than him. 3. Why does Angelina finally agree with Gregory that the contest didn’t determine the best runner in the school? a. She knows he is a good runner. b. She is a friend of Gregory’s and wants him to be happy. c. She agrees that controlling other variables will make the contest better. d. Monique says that Gregory is right. For discussion: What other variables could affect a race? Why is it important to do multiple trials in a race? In what other ways could this race have been changed in order to make it more fair? © 2015 SERP SciGen Unit 6.4 3 Session 2 fair • trial • variable • objective • process • controlling Speaking Scientifically What’s important for a fair test in science? CONTROLLING variables: Gregory thought that the contest to determine the best runner wasn’t only thing that changes in yourMaking test sureis what the you a fair test. What kind of things could you do in a race to make sure plan on measuring. that it fairly determined a winner? MULTIPLE trials: base your thinkingMaking on too sure few events.that you don’t OBJECTIVE measurement you measure using a system: Making that others sure can that use in the same way. Here are Gregory’s What is your idea for making complaints: things fairer? Does your idea involve: Gregory raced have everybody eat at the controlling variables? immediately after eating same time multiple trials? and Evan raced an hour after eating. objective measurement? The decision about who allow people to run the race controlling variables? was the best runner was three times and then multiple trials? based on only one race. average the times objective measurement? The coach watched the the coach should use a runners and picked out controlling variables? stopwatch to time the And here is a different who he thought crossed multiple trials? problem that was not in the finish line first to be runners heater: objective measurement? the Reader’s T the winner. Are there other ways in which a race could be unfair? How would you make sure things were fair on the day of the race? Unfair way to set up a race: What is your idea for making it fairer? Does your idea involve: controlling variables? multiple trials? objective measurement? controlling variables? multiple trials? objective measurement? controlling variables? multiple trials? objective measurement? © 2015 SERP SciGen Unit 6.4 4 Session 2 fair • trial • variable • objective • process • controlling Speaking Scientifically What’s important for a fair test in science? CONTROLLING variables: only thing that changes in yourMaking test sureis what the you Here are some more situations where there is a problem with the plan on measuring. way someone is thinking. Which science idea or ideas would help? MULTIPLE trials: base your thinkingMaking on too sure few events.that you don’t OBJECTIVE measurement you measure using a system: Making that others sure can that use in the same way. Situation Scientific Thinking Julio wanted to know which Would you say that Julio should Tell Julio a better process: tomato plant grew the fastest. pay more attention to: He tested many kinds of seeds, controlling variables? but he also used different types multiple trials? of soil. objective measurement? Susan opened an ice cream Would you say that Susan should Tell Susan a better process: stand at the beach. She sold pay more attention to: more ice cream on a warm controlling variables? Tuesday than a chilly Saturday, multiple trials? so she decided to hire an extra employee for Tuesdays. objective measurement? Tony watched a motor boat Would you say that Tony should Tell Tony a better process: race in Boston Harbor. Since pay more attention to: the German boat beat the controlling variables? Japanese and American boats, multiple trials? he decided that boats from Germany were the fastest in objective measurement? the world. Leah determined that tennis Would you say that Leah should Tell Leah a better process: balls were bouncier than pay more attention to: lacrosse balls. Kay noticed that controlling variables? Leah was dropping the tennis multiple trials? balls on the tennis court but dropping the lacrosse balls on objective measurement? the grass. Jackson decided that the paper Would you say that Jackson Tell Jackson a better process: towels his family bought were should pay more attention to: the best brand because they controlling variables? felt spongier and soaked up multiple trials? most of the spills at his house.
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