Streets, Parking and Driveways

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE

5-1 GENERAL STREET POLICIES 5-1.1 Street Design ...... 5-5 5-1.2 Street Dedication ...... 5-5 5-1.3 Curb & Gutter ...... 5-5 5-1.4 Service Drive ...... 5-6 5-1.5 Street Construction ...... 5-6 5-1.6 Street Signs ...... 5-7

5-2 PRELIMINARY STREET PLANNING 5-2.1 General Requirements ...... 5-11 5-2.2 Trip Generation ...... 5-12 5-2.3 Traffic Flow Characteristics ...... 5-12 5-2.4 Comprehensive Plan ...... 5-13 5-2.5 Traffic Counts ...... 5-13 5-2.6 Reverse Frontage ...... 5-13 5-2.7 Entrance Points ...... 5-13 5-2.8 Interparcel Access ...... 5-13 5-2.9 Street Cross Section Determination ...... 5-14

5-3 STREET PLAN AND PROFILE REQUIREMENTS 5-3.1 Curb Cut Ramps ...... 5-15 5-3.2 Guard Rail ...... 5-15 5-3.3 Entrances ...... 5-16 5-3.4 Proposed Street Construction/Plan and Profile Preparation ...... 5-16 5-3.5 Access Management ...... 5-18 5-3.6 Sight Distance ...... 5-19 5-3.7 Other Information to be Shown on Plans ...... 5-19

5-4 PAVEMENT DESIGN 5-4.1 Public Streets ...... 5-22 5-4.2 Private Streets, Access Ways and Aisles, Parking Lots ...... 5-22 5-4.3 Standard Driveway Entrance and Pipestem Standards ...... 5-24

5-5 PARKING GEOMETRICS AND STANDARDS 5-5.1 General Information ...... 5-24 5-5.2 Geometries and Standards...... 5-24

5-6 COMMON/PIPESTEM DRIVEWAYS 5-6.1 General Requirements ...... 5-26 5-6.2 Access Easements ...... 5-26 5-6.3 Design and Construction Requirements ...... 5-26

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ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

5-7 STREET LIGHTS 5-7.1 General Information ...... 5-27 5-7.2 General Requirements ...... 5-28 5-7.3 Standards and Criteria ...... 5-30

5-8 Bus Stops Specifications, Bench Shelter ...... 5-31

5-9 Utility Locations, Mail Boxes and Road Edge Delineators ...... 5-31

5-10 Bicycle Racks and Trails ...... 5-31

5-11 Plates ...... 5-34

STANDARD PLATE RELATED PLATE DESCRIPTION DESIGNATION NUMBER SECTION Standard Typical Section for Two-Lane 5-1.1 5-1 Streets without Curb and Gutter Standard Typical Streets with Curb and 5-1.1 5-2 Gutter Section for Undivided Standard Typical Section for Multi-Lane 5-1.1 5-3 Street with Curb and Gutter Private Streets -Single-Family Attached and 5-1.1 5-4 Multifamily Developments Standard Typical Section -Private Streets 5-1.1 5-5 Resort Residential Subdivision Typical Standard for Cul-de-sac and “T” 5-1.1 5-6 Turnaround Cul-de-sac on Ditch Section Street Treatment 5-1.1 5-7 of Transition Standard Combination Curb and Gutter and 5-1.1 5-8 Sidewalk 5-9 Sidewalk –Underdrain 5-1.1 Standard Entrance – Pipestem Lots – Ditch 5-1.1 5-10 Section Standard Entrance – Pipestem Lots – Curb 5-1.1 5-11 and Gutter Section 5-12 Shoulder Stabilization at Intersections 5-1.5 5-13 Pipestem Driveway Sign 5-1.6 5-14 Street Extension Notification Sign 5-1.6 5-15 Parallel Equestrian and Multi-use Trail 5-10 5-16 Cross Slope Trail Grading 5-10 5-17 Trail Cross Sections 5-3.6 5-18 Trail Cross Sections 5-3.6 5-19 Trail Cross Sections 5-3.6

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ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

5-20 Trail Clearing 5-3.6 5-21 Two-Way Bike Path in Off-Street Location 5-3.6 5-22 Standard Traffic Barricade 5-3.6 5-23 Standard Driveway Entrance 5-4.3 Standard Driveway Entrance Streets – No 5-4.3 5-24 Curb and Gutter 5-25 Standard Driveway Entrance 5-4.3 5-26 Concrete Pipestem Standards 5-4.3 Typical Lighting Layout – Residential 5-7.2 5-27 Subdivision (Minimum Lot Size 25,000 SF or Less) Typical Lighting Layout – Residential 5-7.2 5-28 Subdivision (Minimum Lot Size Greater Than 25,000 SF) Typical Lighting Layout – 5-7.2 5-29 Commercial/Industrial Subdivision 5-30 Typical Lighting Layout – Site Plans 5-7.2 Typical Lighting Layout – Planned 5-7.2 5-31 Development Typical Roadway Fixture (Cobra Head 5-7.4 5-32 Style)(Ditch Section Streets) Typical Roadway Fixture (Cobra Head 5-7.4 5-33 Style)(Curb and Gutter Streets) Alternate Security Lighting Fixture (Colonial 5-7.4 5-34 Style)(Proposed Curb and Gutter Streets) 5-35 Accessible Parking Sign 5-6.2 5-36 Van Accessible Sign 5-6.2 5-37 Standard Pole Locations 5-9 5-38 Mail Box Locations 5-9 5-39 Road Edge Delineator 5-9 5-40 Bike Rack 5-8 5-41 Future use 5-42 Future use 5-43 Bus Stop Standards 5-10 5-44 FRED Bus Shelter A 5-10 5-45 FRED Bus Shelter B 5-10

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ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

TABLES

STANDARD TABLE RELATED TABLE DESCRIPTION DESIGNATION NUMBER SECTION 5.1 List of Street Name Abbreviations 5-1.6D 5.2 Parallel Parking Spaces 5-5.2A 5.3 Universal Size Car Spaces 5-5.2B Geometric Design Guide for Subdivision 5.4 Streets

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ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

5-1 GENERAL STREET POLICIES element of the Spotsylvania County Comprehensive Plan, the minimum 1. Street Design right-of-way width for primary (Route 1-600) and secondary A. Streets shall be provided to give streets (Route 601 and above) shall access to adjoining property to the be 120’ and 60’, respectively. satisfaction of the Planning Director. Also, streets shall be B. The subdivider may be required to provided to connect with dedicate more than one-half of the appropriate highways and with right-of-way, if necessary to appropriate streets in adjoining improve the horizontal alignment, developments. meet the minimum design standards for that street, or provide B. All rights-of-way shall conform to the necessary width for future road the standards as set forth in Plates improvements designated in the 5-1 through 5-11. transportation element of the Spotsylvania County C. Subdivision blocks shall be spaced Comprehensive Plan. to provide reasonable traffic circulation within and between C. Also, the subdivider may be existing or anticipated subdivisions. required to assume responsibility for such grading, widening or D. Except where more stringent surfacing and curbing of such street standards are specified in this as may be deemed necessary by the Article, or where private street Planning Director and VDOT to standards apply pursuant to Section meet minimum State and County 20-5.1.8(h) of the Subdivision safety and/or design standards. Ordinance, the standards and criteria of the Virginia Department 3. Curb & Gutter (See Plates 5-2, 5-3, 5-4, of Transportation (VDOT) shall 55, 5-8, 5-11) apply. A. Curb and gutter shall be installed as 2. Street Dedication follows:

A. When a development abuts 1 side (1) on sides of arterial, collector of any street, which has been and local streets which provide included in the State system of frontage to lots within new highways, the developer shall be subdivisions in which the required to dedicate ½ of any right- minimum lot size is 25,000 of-way necessary to make such square feet or less, street comply with the minimum width established. Where a (2) in all new development in the minimum width has not been C-l, C-2, and C-3 zoning established in the transportation districts,

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ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

(3) in all new development in the F. The minimum width for a curb and 0-1 and 0-2 zoning districts. gutter street shall be in accordance with VDOT REQUIREMENTS B. Unless LID is being utilized, (see Plates 5-2 and 5-3 for detailed header curbs shall be installed for cross-sections). raised medians and service drives for proper channelization of traffic. 4. Service Drive

C. Curb cuts for entrances shall be in A. Whenever a commercial, accordance with the latest edition institutional, or industrial of the VDOT publication development abuts a road which is “Minimum Standards of Entrance included in the State system of to State Highways”. primary highways (route numbers less than 600), a service drive D. Curb cuts for residential use extending for the full length of the entrances shall be located so as to development along such road, and provide a safe and convenient providing limited access thereto, means of ingress and egress for shall be provided except when a motor vehicles to and from paved reverse frontage concept is utilized or otherwise improved parts of such that no lot has direct ingress highways and streets, except that or egress to a secondary or primary no curb cut on public streets shall highway. be less than 30’ from the point of curvature of the curb line/edge of B. With the approval of the Planning pavement return of the intersecting Director, service drives may be streets. eliminated along roads within a zoning district developed in E. All curbs and gutters shall be conjunction with a PDH or PDC VDOT standard. With the District, if in accordance with a concurrence of VDOT, the proffered development plan, or Planning Director may allow where a shared entrance plan “mountable curb” for tertiary provides a reasonable substitute. streets. Mountable curb locations must be shown on the preliminary 5. Street Construction plat and the exception must be granted prior to submission of A. All streets should be constructed construction plans, to ensure that and surfaced in accordance with where necessary the design provides additional drainage (1) The current VDOT road and structures, heavy-duty sidewalks to bridge specifications withstand vehicle loads, and proper transitions to normal curb and (2) The standards set forth in gutter sections. plates 5-1 through 5-12.

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ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

B. Where required, easements of (3) The County traffic engineer widths appropriate to the purpose may require alternative intended shall be provided. placement of such signs.

C. All stub streets shall be constructed C. Street Name Sign Specifications to the property line if eligible to be accepted into the VDOT road (1) The minimum height of each system, and shall terminate with a sign blank shall be 8 inches. temporary turnaround. If necessary, Text shall be applied using on-site grading easements shall be upper and lower case letters. dedicated for the future completion The initial letter of each word of the street when the off-site area shall be 6 inches uppercase. is developed. The remaining letters of each word shall be 4 ½ inch lower 6. Street Signs and Building Addresses case letters.

A. All street signs erected within the (1.1) Post-mounted street County shall conform to these name signs on multi- specifications. Street signs erected lane streets or roads within the County for streets that (more than one lane will be maintained by VDOT shall of travel in each also meet VDOT standards. direction) shall be on minimum 10 inch B. Street signs shall be installed at all high blanks. street intersections in a location Uppercase letters based on the criteria used by shall be 8 inches and VDOT Section 5-1.6C and the lowercase shall be 6 latest version of the “Manual of inches. Uniform Traffic Control Devices”. (1.2) Post-mounted street name signs on low (1) Stop or Yield signs shall be volume local streets placed at intersections on (with speed limits of those streets that have the least 25 mph or less) may amount of anticipated traffic, be on blanks 6 inches and; high. Uppercase letters shall be 4 (2) Stop signs shall be placed at inches and lowercase intersections where the letters shall be 3 potential of poor sight distance inches. Note sign size would necessitate a full stop to is determined by the increase safety. speed limit as the sign is approached. (1.3) Prefix and suffix lettering on street

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ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

name signs shall be driven leaving 3 identifying the type of inches above grade. The post street (Ave, Blvd, Dr) shall be attached to the anchor or designating sleeve with one 3/8 inch curled direction of the bolt, lock washer and nut. section of a town (E, Post shall be of sufficient N, S, W) Shall be length so that the lowest street composed of initial name sign is 9 feet six inches uppercase letters 3 above grade. inches in height and lower case letters 2 ¼ (5.1) Street name signs up inches in height. to 30 inches in length may be mounted on (2) The maximum length of sign the top of the sign blanks shall be 54 Signs post using exceeding 30 inches in length manufactured shall be made of extruded edge hardware. The cap sign blanks. bracket for the lower sign shall have the (3) Street signs shall be made of blade support length engineering grade or high not less than 12 intensity reflective metal inches and shall be sheeting, green in background drilled out and color with white text. The attached to the top of background and text shall be the post using one 3/8 reflective material. inch through bolt, lock washer and nut. (4) See “Standard Highway Signs Cross brackets to and Markings” book for mount the upper sign design layout and appropriate shall have a blade alphabet and characters. support length of not less than 12 inches in (5) All public or private street both directions. The signs shall be mounted atop a longer sign shall 2 inch galvanized square tube always be mounted 14-gauge metal post. Post below the smaller shall have 7/16 inch knockouts sign. at 1 inch on center on all four (5.2) Street name signs sides. Post shall be placed in a may be mounted to 2 ½ inch galvanized square the sides of the post tube anchor sleeves at a using a minimum of minimum of 8 inches. Anchor two 3/8 inch through sleeves shall be 30 inches bolts with a flat minimum. Anchor sleeves washer on each side, a

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ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

lock washer and nut. signs over 30 inches to a Street names signs maximum width of 54 inches. longer than 30 inches shall be mounted (8) Alternate sign support using a manufactured methods employing decorative wing bracket with a post, wooden post, brackets horizontal support and hardware are subject to arm not less than 24 approval by Spotsylvania inches in length. County. The perpetual When street name maintenance, replacement and signs are mounted to repair of such approved the sides of the post a signage shall be the manufactured rain cap responsibility of the owner, attached by not less developer, or HOA/POA. The than two set screws actual signs (size, color, text, shall be installed to layout, location and mounting close the top of the height) shall be in accordance post. with this specification and all applicable VDOT and (6) All hardware and brackets reference standards without shall be corrosion resistant exception. material, double hot dipped galvanized or stainless steel. . (9) Signage on private roads/driveways, and within (7) Signs for pipestem driveways developments, subdivisions in subdivisions shall be and communities wherein the designed to the specifications roads and streets are not shown on Plate 5-13. Street VDOT maintained shall be names shall be composed of maintained by the property initial uppercase letters six owner, developer or inches in height with lower HOA/POA. Signage must be case letters 4 inches in height. maintained in accordance with Numerals minimum 4 inches this specification and in height. Private drive may referenced standard. be initial uppercase letters 4 inches in height with lowercase letters 3 inches in height. Minimum sign dimensions are as shown 13 inches wide by 24 inches tall. Width may be increased up to 30 inches on a single post. Two post must be used for

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ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

D. List of Street Name Abbreviations: prior to the issuance of a building permit in the subdivision or section thereof. Such signs shall be TABLE 5.1 designed as shown on Plate 5-14 Avenue Ave and located in a manner specified Boulevard Blvd by the Planning Director. The Circle Cir location of such street extension Court Ct notification signs shall be shown, Cove Cove (not CV) with details, on construction plans. Drive Dr In those subdivisions where a East E homeowner’s association has been Highway Hwy established, provision shall be Isle Isle (not IS) made in the documents establishing Lane Ln the homeowner's association for the North N perpetual maintenance and repair of Path Path (not PA) the street extension notification Pike Pike (not PI) signs by such association. Park Pk Place Pl G. Address required to be posted – All Parkway Pkwy (not PKY) dwellings and buildings designed Road Rd for human occupancy within the Run Run (not RN) County shall be identified by Roadway Rdwy (not RDY) reference to a uniform address South S numbering system, as determined Street St by the County addressing Terrace Terr department. Turnpike Tpke Trail Trl H. Single-family dwellings – Address West W numbers for single family dwellings shall be at least three (3) E. Signs shall be erected when streets inches in height and shall be made are constructed and prior to the of a durable and clearly visible issuance of any occupancy permit material. Address numbers shall be for a dwelling or building served by conspicuously placed on, above, or said street or streets. Maintenance at the side of the main entrance so responsibilities shall continue until that the number is readily such time as they are formally discernible from the street. accepted by another responsible Whenever a dwelling is more than party. seventy-five (75) feet from the street, or when address numbers at F. Where provision has been made for the main entrance to the dwelling extension of existing streets to an would not be readily discernible adjacent parcel, street extension from the street, the address number notification signs shall be installed

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ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

shall be placed along a walk, 5-2 PRELIMINARY STREET driveway, or other suitable location PLANNING so that it is readily discernible from the street. Address numbers shall 1. General Requirements be of a contrasting color to the background on which they are All streets on preliminary subdivision plats mounted. and also any streets in multifamily, commercial and industrial developments, I. Non-residential buildings – which are to be dedicated for public use, Address numbers for commercial shall be designed to comply with VDOT and industrial buildings shall be at geometric standards. These standards least four inches in height if located require that design be based on traffic usage. within 75 feet of a roadway, or at least ten inches in height if located A. In order to determine the proper greater than 75 feet from the street cross-section to use and to roadway. Address numbers shall be facilitate review and approval of placed at, above or at the side of preliminary plats, the following the main entrance so that the information shall be provided for number is readily discernible from each street intersection: the street. If such address number is not readily discernible from the (1) The number of vehicles per street, it shall be placed along a day entering and leaving the walk, driveway or other suitable intersection shall be noted on location so that the address number each leg of each street in each is readily discernible from the direction. street. (2) The proposed street right-of- J. Multi-occupancy buildings – way, together with the Address numbers for apartments proposed width of street (face and other multi-occupancy of curb to face of curb or edge buildings shall be at least eight (8) of pavement to edge of inches in height and be displayed pavement) for each block and on each building at each entrance every street in the subdivision, so as to be readily discernible from is to be shown. the street. Address numbers for individual apartments, trailers, or (3) All street construction shall be units within multi-occupancy within the dedicated street complexes shall be displayed on, right-of-way. Easements shall above, or beside the side of the not be accepted to make up the main doorway of each apartment, minimum required right-of- trailer, or unit, and shall be at least way if any construction is three inches in height. proposed thereon. Slope construction easements shall be provided where required.

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ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

B. The following information shall be 2. Trip Generation shown for all streets which intersect the exterior boundary of Trip generation shall be calculated in the subdivision and which will accordance with the projected provide access to adjoining traffic/capacity analysis provisions undeveloped property: contained in the current VDOT Subdivision Street Design Guide. (1) Number of acres expected to contribute vehicles to this 3. Traffic Flow Characteristics street; A. In the determination of traffic flow (2) An indication of how the calculations, all preliminary plats adjoining property is shown on shall show traffic divides, in a the adopted Spotsylvania manner similar to that in which County Comprehensive Plan drainage divides are commonly together with the number of shown, for the traffic which will be units per acre residential generated by the subject density proposed; development and from the adjoining development passing (3) The total number of units through it, or from adjoining expected to be contributing to undeveloped property which will the subject street; and ultimately be subdivided with traffic passing through the subject (4) The total vehicles per day subdivision. expected to be using the street. B. The following items shall be C. For streets which intersect the considered in the calculations of exterior boundary of the the traffic volumes where subdivision and connect with appropriate: existing, dedicated or proposed streets in adjoining subdivisions, (1) Will any of the proposed the following shall be required: streets serve as principal or secondary access to any (1) The number of lots from the school, either existing or adjoining subdivision from proposed? which vehicles will be expected to use the subject (2) Will any of the streets provide street; and access to existing or proposed parks? (2) The number of vehicles expected to enter the (3) Will any of the streets provide subdivision over the subject access to a neighborhood or street from said lots. other shopping area?

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ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

(4) Will any of the streets provide 5. Traffic Counts access to a public or semi- public facility or institutional Peak hour traffic estimates should generally use, such as church, nursing not be used since the VDOT design is based home, lodge hall, community on 24 hour average daily traffic counts. Peak swimming pool, private hour estimates may be required for some school, fire station, library, high traffic streets in order to determine etc? number of lanes and signalization.

(5) Could any street in the 6. Reverse Frontage subdivision serve as a bypass or shortcut for traffic with both Streets projected to carry traffic volumes origin and destination outside over 2000 VPD shall be designed so that no of the subject subdivision or lots have direct access via private the adjacent subdivision or driveways. undeveloped property? 7. Entrance Points C. An allowance for additional traffic volume shall be included when any When the traffic generated from an entire of the above traffic generators development is projected to exceed 2000 could affect the proposed VPD, the development must connect to an subdivision streets or which existing state road in 2 locations. In reasonably may be expected to at situations where two connections cannot some future date. physically be made due to restrictions in topography, sight distance, or limitations in 4. Comprehensive Plan state road frontage, a single connection may be allowed where specifically approved by When a subdivision is proposed where a the Planning Director. This single connection between primary or secondary connecting road must be of a divided roads has been designated in the standard, extending at least 300 feet into the transportation element of the Spotsylvania development for the first 2000 VPD County Comprehensive Plan, that street generated. For every additional 500 VPD connection shall be incorporated into the generated, or fraction thereof, the divided design of the subdivision. If the land standard shall be extended an additional 100 proposed for subdivision does not front on feet. No lots shall have access to the divided both primary and secondary roads to be road via private driveways. Internal streets connected, the connecting street shall be may connect where crossovers are permitted continued to the property line at a location per VDOT standards. approved by the Planning Director. The connecting street or portion thereof shall be 8. Interparcel Access designed so that no lots have direct access via private driveways. Unless proffered otherwise during a rezoning application, the arrangement of streets in a development shall provide for

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ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

the continuation of existing streets in to accommodate anticipated traffic adjoining developments, and for the proper from undeveloped adjacent tracts projection of streets into adjoining based on the future density and use properties which are not yet developed. This recommended by the Spotsylvania street network shall be realized through the County Comprehensive Plan. use of multiple stub streets and temporary cul-de-sacs. E. Street extension notification signs shall be installed in all stub streets A. The development’s street network in accordance with the provisions shall be designed to provide an of Plate 5-14. orderly progression from arterial roads, to collector streets, to local 9. Street Cross Section Determination streets. A. When traffic volume falls off to B. The principal street within a indicate a reduced cross section in subdivision shall be designed to the middle of the block, no carry no more than 3000 VPD, reduction shall be permitted in except in a case where the midblock. transportation element of the Spotsylvania County B. Cross sections may be reduced at Comprehensive Plan has intersections and at entrances designated a street connection contributing high volumes of between two arterial primary or traffic, such as shopping centers secondary roads. Principal and apartments, provided that there subdivision streets may be stubbed is a clear line of demarcation out in the above case and when between traffic-generating uses and necessary to provide access to an appropriate transitions are shown. undeveloped parcel that lacks primary or secondary road frontage C. If a through street has a wide cross or is otherwise precluded from section on both ends and traffic obtaining safe and reasonably volumes would indicate a reduction convenient access to a primary or for only several hundred feet in the secondary road. Other stub streets middle of the development, the full and loop streets shall be designed width street section shall be to carry no more than 1000 VPD continued for its entire length. and will be considered tertiary streets. D. Averaging of traffic volumes (e.g. averaging 6,000 VPD on one end C. Local streets shall be laid out so of the street with 2,000 VPD on the that their use by through (non- other end to produce a 4,000 VPD local) traffic will be discouraged. volume and thus a lower cross section) shall not be permitted for D. All streets intended to provide the purpose of reducing cross- interparcel access shall be designed sections.

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ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

E. All calculations which indicate the curb-cut ramps as required by number of vehicles per day for each the Planning Director. portion of each street in the subdivision shall be shown to (4) All requirements of the expedite the review for Virginia Unified State conformance of proposed typical Building Code (VUSBC) shall sections with VDOT standards. be met. Lacking this information it shall be assumed that no estimates have B. Location of Ramps for Mobility – been made, and the plan shall be Impaired Persons returned for inclusion of traffic data. (1) The locations of curb-cut ramps for handicapped persons 5-3 STREET PLAN AND PROFILE shall be indicated per REQUIREMENTS standards shown on Plates 5- 15 and 5-16. 1. Curb Cut Ramps (2) At commercial entrances using A. Policy on Ramps for Mobility- a CG-11 or CG-13 entrance, Impaired Persons: the sidewalk may be ramped down to the traveled way, as (1) All single-family residential shown on Plate 5-16. and all multiple-family housing developments shall 2. Guard Rail provide standard curb-cut ramps located to conform to A. The location of guard rail shall be VDOT standards or indicated on the construction plans. Spotsylvania County standards. B. A guard rail will be required when vehicles are to be protected from (2) In parking lots for commercial fills in excess of 10’, or as required and industrial site plans, by VDOT. The actual starting and standard curb-cut ramps shall stopping point of the guard rail will be located at the major be determined by the VDOT crosswalks. Where sidewalks Representative in the field after the are constructed at various fill has been placed. vertical elevations, a curb-cut ramp shall be shown at each C. A guardrail shall be required along sidewalk elevation. parking lots when cuts, fills, grades or slopes in excess of 10’. (3) Churches, schools and appropriate public facilities site plans shall show standard

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ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

3. Entrances 300' beyond the property line or boundary shall be shown on all A. For all driveway entrances streets providing access to (including pipestem entrances), the adjoining property. size, length, and type of driveway entrance culvert shall be indicated E. A grade line of all proposed street where applicable on construction construction shall include: plans. (1) Percent of grade. The B. CG-11 entrances shall be used for minimum grade for curb and subdivision street connections. gutter shall be 1% except that the Planning Director or C. CG-11 entrances or other entrances VDOT, whichever may apply, approved by VDOT shall be used may allow a decrease to ½% for all entrances of parking bays, based upon unusual parking courts, townhouses, etc. topographic conditions. The maximum grade of street 4. Proposed Street Construction/Plan and construction shall be 9% Profile Preparation except as may be approved by the Planning Director in the A. Stations shall be indicated every case of private streets. The 100’ on centerline; at points of minimum grade for streets curvature, points of intersection without curb and gutter shall and points of tangency; at be 1%. centerline intersections, at subdivision or section limits; and at (2) Elevations at the beginning turnaround radius points. and the end of all vertical curves. B. Existing centerline profiles for 200’ minimum distance shall be shown (3) The length of vertical curves to ensure a proper grade tie when a with elevations, K values and proposed street is an extension of, stations of vertical points of or connects with, an existing street. intersection (PVI).

C. When a proposed street intersects (4) Elevations computed every 50’ with an existing street the on all tangent sections, and centerline profile of the existing grades computed every 25’ in street shall be shown for the all vertical curves. minimum required sight distance to the right and left of the proposed (5) Elevations at all: connection. a. Centerline intersections of D. The centerline and building streets restriction line profiles extended

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ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

b. Street centerline I. Grade profiles of proposed curb intersections with the and gutter construction in cul-de- subdivision boundaries of a sacs are to be computed along the subdivision face of the curb starting at the c. Curb returns beginning of the curb return, d. Culvert and storm sewer following the face of curb around crossings the cul-de-sac thence to the end of e. Curb inlets the return opposite the point of beginning. Cul-de-sac “unwrap” (6) The point of finished grade on profile shall be along the edge of typical section (i.e. centerline, pavement. top of curb, etc.) shall be shown. (1) Grade ties of the proposed street, before entering the cul- F. Paved roadside ditches shall be de-sac grade, shall be shown indicated in the profile where the on each end of the cul-de-sac depth is not in conformance with grade profile to ensure proper the standard street cross section. grade connection.

G. All proposed and existing culverts, (2) Other acceptable methods may storm sewer crossings, sanitary be used subject to the approval sewer crossings, and utility of the Planning Director, in the crossings shall be shown on street case of private streets, or profiles at the proper location and VDOT. grade including the station, diameter, type of pipe and invert. J. Building restriction line profiles for cul-de-sacs shall be radial to the H. When a proposed street parallels or existing profile at face of curb and is located near an existing stream or proposed curb grade. open drainage way, profiles of the top of the bank of the stream, K. If a temporary turnaround/cul-de- computed water elevations and sac is to be constructed at the end invert (or flow line) of stream or of a street which is intended to be open drainage way shall be extended with the development of provided. The relationship of a the abutting property, the proposed proposed street grade to existing grade and existing profiles shall be profiles of the stream or open carried through to provide for the drainage way shall be shown. Street future extension of the proposed construction shall not encroach on street for a distance of 300’ beyond the approved flood plain limit of the property line. Final lot grading the stream. of the proposed extension shall be shown on the grading plan.

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ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

L. Street construction shall be S. Profiles of the centerline of a street provided for the full frontage of all and both left and right curb returns lots. shall be shown at the intersections of streets on steep grades to assure M. All street improvements intended proper transition from one street to for public maintenance must be the other. constructed within the dedicated street right-of-way, except for T. A proper connection to any easements for cut and fill slopes. proposed VDOT construction shall be shown when appropriate. N. The maximum centerline grade of permanent cul-de-sacs may not (1) VDOT approval is required on exceed three percent. However, all plans and revisions within steeper grades may be permitted in VDOT right-of-way. certain instances with prior approval of the Planning Director (2) State route numbers of or VDOT, whichever may apply. existing streets shall be shown.

O. If a difference exists in elevations (3) A symmetrical transition of on proposed curb grades, curb the pavement at an intersection elevations showing top of right with existing street shall be curb and top of left curb shall be shown. shown on the plans. a. Transitions shall be a P. Curb returns shall be shown on the minimum of 36’ from the profiles. The identification, by end of the curb return to the number, of the curb returns may be existing edge of pavement. required on the plan and profile. b. A longer pavement Q. Street landings shall be provided on transition and a turn lane plans to ensure adequate sight may be required depending distance. Separate sight distance on the location of the profiles at major intersections may intersection. Standard road be required. edge delineators shall be shown. (See Plate 5-39.) R. Driveway profiles on lots with steep grades shall be shown. Lot 5. Access Management Guidelines grading plans must provide for adequate vehicular clearance for Minimum distance between signals, driveway approaches, departures, intersections and driveways on an arterial and breakover transitions. road.

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-18

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

6. Sight Distance D. A maximum 2H: 1V slope at the VDOT recognizes only 2 types of entrances end of street construction, with a onto the highway system, private entrances necessary easement, shall be shown and commercial entrances. on the plan.

A. Subdivision street connections to E. Slope construction easements shall the existing highway system are be shown where required when the considered as commercial slope is greater than 3H: 1V. entrances until such time as these streets are accepted into the F. Erosion and sediment control highway system. protection to be provided at the end of construction of curb and gutter B. Roads within subdivisions must shall be shown. meet the sight distance requirements of commercial G. The typical cross section for public entrances at their intersections. See and private streets, access aisles the current VDOT publication and parking areas shall be shown. “Minimum Standards of Entrance A typical pavement section of all to State Highways.” pavement types shall be shown.

C. Sight distance profiles will be (1) Where a special typical section required. is approved, details shall be provided on plans. 7. Other Information to be Shown on Plats (2) Typical sections and geometric A. The design for all pipestem design criteria for streets shall driveways shall be shown, either by conform to Plates 1-5 through reference to the appropriate 13-5. standard or by drawings. Turnarounds and the location of H. Cul-de-sacs shall be provided at the required utilities shall also be ends of all dead-end streets, except shown. where exempted by VDOT criteria for the acceptance of stub streets. B. Adequate ingress-egress easements shall be provided when more than 1 (1) The minimum pavement lot is to use a common driveway. radius and right-of-way radius of the cul-de-sac shall be as C. Paved ditches at the edge of the shown on Plate 5-6. roadway and at the toe of a fill shall be shown along with easements (2) Cul-de-sacs shall be of a where necessary. Computations for length sufficient to determining the need for paved accommodate a typical ditches shall be provided. roadway section for the

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-19

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

distance of one lot width, the (4) In any commercial or office applicable lot width to be the development connecting minimum required by the proposed buildings and to each zoning district in which the property line that is adjacent to subdivision is located. land zoned for commercial, office or residential (3) The maximum cul-de-sac development. length from the center of the intersection to the center of the (5) With the approval of the cul-de-sac shall not exceed Planning Director, trails or 1,000 feet. bicycle lanes may substitute for required sidewalks. See I. Sidewalks shall be shown for Plates 5-2, 5-3, 5-17, 5-18, 5- residential development where 19, 5-20, and 5-21. Trails required by Section 20-5.1.8(j) of and/or bicycle lanes shall be the Subdivision Ordinance and any provided where designated in other types of development, subject the Spotsylvania County to the criteria stated below: Comprehensive Plan.

(1) For subdivisions where the (6) In cases where sidewalks are shown minimum lots size is required curb and gutter shall 25,000 square feet or less, a also be required. sidewalk shall be constructed on both sides of all streets: J. Traffic barricades and “NO THRU STREET” signs shall be shown (2) For subdivisions within 1 mile where required. See Plate 5-22. of a recreation facility or elementary school, and/or K. Water service cutoffs must be within 1 ½ miles of an located in utility strips unless intermediate or high school, a otherwise permitted by the sidewalk shall be provided Planning Director. along all subdivision boundaries contiguous to an L. The following note shall be shown existing street, including along on all plans: all reverse or side frontage lots and open space. (1) Subbase depth for subgrade based on CBR value of 10. (3) In any subdivision, streets Soil tests of subgrade must be projected to carry traffic submitted for actual volumes over 3000 VPD shall determination of required have sidewalks constructed on subbase thickness prior to both sides. construction. The minimum number of tests is 3 per street or 5 per collective mile.

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-20

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

(2) A smooth grade shall be place, and fine graded to true maintained from centerline of typical section before existing road to the proposed bituminous material is plied. curb and gutter to preclude the forming of false gutters and/or (4) Dust control shall be the ponding of any water on maintained on those sections the roadway. of the project as may be designated by the inspector. M. The following notes shall be shown for all streets, service drives, etc., (5) The absolute minimum in subdivisions with public streets: stopping sight distance for alignment design for crest (1) The methods and materials vertical curves is to be based used in the construction of all on height of eye 3’-6”, height streets shall conform to the of object 6”. Intersection sight current VDOT Road and distance is to be based on Bridge Specifications unless posted speed limits and 3’-6” herein modified. height of eye and 4’-3” height of object. For sag vertical (2) Subbase depth is based on a curves, see VDOT subgrade CBR value of 10. requirements. Subgrade support soils, immediately under the (6) Sidewalks must be provided as pavement, with CBR values of required by Section less than 10, but more than 3 20.5.1.8(k) of the Spotsylvania will require an additional 6” of County Subdivision Ordinance subbase, base or select and the Spotsylvania County material. For subgrade Design Standards Manual. support soils with CBR values VDOT will accept of less than 4, 1” of subbase or maintenance in accordance base material shall be added with the provisions of Part III, for each point below CBR 10. Section 3.1 of the Subdivision However, in any case the Street Requirements manual. aggregate subbase layer is not Proposed sidewalks must be to exceed 12”. Where the CBR constructed in accordance with is more than 10, the subbase UD-3 standards, as shown on may be reduced 1” for each 5 Plate 5-9. Sidewalks not points above CBR 10. The eligible for VDOT Vaswani method is an maintenance shall be acceptable alternate base maintained by a homeowner’s pavement structure guide. association or other responsible organization for (3) Rights-of-way must be cleared the development. for full width, all utilities in

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-21

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

(7) Water curb stops or meters A. Required thicknesses of subbase, will not be accepted in the base course, and top or surface are gutter line or wings of shown on Plates 5-1, 5-2, and 5-3. driveway aprons. Water curb Subbase thickness is based on a stops or meters are to be subgrade CBR value of 10 and may located in the grass strip be increased or decreased as between the back of the curb allowed by the standards. and the front edge of the sidewalk. B. Alternate equivalent pavement sections may be substituted for (8) Where base asphalt is those called for in the standards required, a minimum thickness provided they have the approval of of 1 ½” of temporary asphalt VDOT and are designed in surface shall be placed accordance with current VDOT immediately after the base has standards. been compacted and cured. Temporary asphalt will be 2. Private Streets, Access Ways and placed and maintained in Aisles, Parking Lots “sag” curves to provide positive drainage to curb A. On dead-end streets or parking inlets. The temporary asphalt courts greater than 300’ in length, a shall be removed immediately turnaround area for emergency prior to placing the final vehicles shall be provided in a surface course. As an alternate location satisfactory to the Fire method of obtaining positive Official. For typical designs, see drainage, the approach gutters Plate 5-6. Alternative designs will for drop inlet structures (DI) in be considered based upon the sag areas shall temporarily be turning requirements of the omitted. Instead, the face vehicles to be accommodated, block will be secured to the DI location of parking, and the level of and the base asphalt will be access afforded by the overall site finished flush with the opening design. of the structure at the face block. Immediately prior to B. In developments subject to placement of the final surface common or joint use, such as course, the base asphalt shall single-family attached and be removed and the approach multiple-family developments: gutter section cast. 1. For geometric design. 5-4 PAVEMENT DESIGN 2. For pavement design, see 1. Public Streets standard pavement section 5- 5.2F.

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ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

C. In residential mobile home parks a. A 6” base and a 2” (RMHP Districts): bituminous surface is required to ensure a dustless 1. For geometric design, see surface. Plate 5-4. b. No soils test or subbase will 2. For pavement design, see be required. standard pavement section 5- 4.2F. c. A concrete pavement design in accordance with current D. In subdivisions in the Resort engineering procedures is Residential District, where private acceptable. streets have been approved by the Planning Director as provided in 2. When maintained by Section 20-5.1.8(h) of the individual homeowners, a Subdivision Ordinance: homeowners association or similar organization: 1. For geometric design, see Plate 5-5. a. A 6” base and a 2” bituminous surface are 2. For pavement design, see required to ensure a dustless standard pavement section 5- surface. 4.2F. b. Soils tests shall be provided E. For single-family residential joint for the laboratory CBR test, use access ways serving 3 to 5 lots, VTM-8. If the CBR is less or 5 or fewer lots in cluster than 10, 1” of subbase is subdivisions: required for each point below CBR 10. If the 1. For geometric design, use the subgrade CBR is 10 or pipestem lot standards. greater, no subbase is required. 2. For pavement design, use standard pavement section 5- c. A concrete pavement 4.2F. designed in accordance with current engineering F. Standard Pavement and Pipestem procedures is acceptable. Driveway Section G. All subbase and base material, as 1. When maintained by the well as subgrade for all streets, property owner (i.e., shopping parking areas, sidewalks, pipestem centers, office buildings, etc.): driveways, and curb and gutter shall be compacted in accordance

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-23

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

with VDOT Road and Bridge parking facilities for automobiles: parallel Specifications. parking, universal size car parking, and accessible parking for persons with 3. Standard Driveway Entrances and disabilities. Pipestem Driveway Standards 2. Geometries and Standards See Plates 5-10, 5-11, 5-13, 5-23, 5-24, 5-25 and 5-26 for standard driveway entrances The following tables shall represent the and pipestem standards. minimum size requirements for required automobile parking spaces (see Article 5, 5-5 PARKING GEOMETRICS AND Division 9 of the Zoning Ordinance for STANDARDS required number of parking spaces per use):

1. General Information

There shall be 3 major layouts for off-street

A. Parallel Parking Spaces

TABLE 5.2 Stand Width Depth of Stalls Aisle Width Direction of Parking (feet) (feet) (feet) One-way aisle 8.5 22 12 (one-side parking) One-way aisle 8.5 22 15 (two-side parking) Two-way aisle 8.5 22 20 (two-side parking)

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-24

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

B. Universal Size Car Spaces

TABLE 5.3 Depth of Stalls One-Way Two-Way Stall Width Parking Angle Perpendicular Aisle Width Aisle Width (feet) to Aisle (feet) (feet)* (feet)* 45° 8.5 19.0 15.5 18.0 60° 8.5 20.0 17.0 19.0 90° 8.5 18.0** 23.0 23.0 * Where required, fire lanes shall have a minimum width of 20’ and a maximum width of 24’. ** This dimension may be reduced by up to 1.5’ where the Planning Director determines that adequate “head-in” overhang exists exclusive of required planting or screening requirements, and sidewalks.

C. When required by the provisions of Such signs shall be located so they the VUSBC, ADA and FFHAG, cannot be obscured by a vehicle accessible parking spaces and parked in the space. These signs related access aisles and accessible shall consist of white lettering on a routes for persons with disabilities blue background. The dollar shall conform to all requirements of amount displayed on the sign shall the VUSBC, ADA and FFHAG. be as specified in County Code Each such space shall be identified Section 12-119. by an above-grade sign. The required signs shall be 12” wide by D. Delineation of Parking Spaces. 18” high. These signs shall display Except for parking spaces provided the internationally recognized for and on the same lot with single symbol of accessibility and the family detached or attached words “DMV PERMIT dwellings, all paved parking areas REQUIRED, $250 FINE” as shall be delineated as follows: illustrated in Plate 5-35. Van accessible spaces shall have an 1. All parking lot delineations additional sign 12” wide by 7” high shall be in white or, at the and shall display the words “VAN discretion of the Planning ACCESSIBLE” as illustrated in Director, an alternative color Plate 5-36 and shall be mounted may be permitted, provided below the primary sign. All the color is in contrast with the required signs shall be installed on parking lot surface and does a wall or post so that the lower not conflict with the edge of the sign(s) is not less than delineation of fire lanes or 4’ or more than 7’ above grade. other restricted parking areas.

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-25

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

2. Parking spaces shall be The Planning Director may approve delineated with a single line grades in excess thereof where an having a minimum width of unusual environmental or 4”. Parallel curb or head-in topographic condition exists. parking spaces shall be striped for the full width or length of B. All pipestem driveways shall have the parking stall. an adequate angle of approach and Notwithstanding the above, angle of departure. All pipestem the Planning Director may driveways shall have a minimum approve an alternative centerline radius of 50’. delineation of parking spaces upon a determination that the 2. Access Easements proposed markings clearly define the parking spaces. A. Adequate ingress and egress easements shall be provided when 3. The width or length of all more than 1 lot is to use a common parking stalls shall be driveway, and suitable provision measured from the centerline shall be made for a turnaround on of the stripe or alternative all pipestem driveways serving 3 or marking to the centerline of more lots as per Plates 5-6, 5-10 the adjacent stripe or marking and 5-11. used to delineate the parking stall or face of a physical B. Single lot pipestems under 12’ in barrier, such as a wall or width shall be provided with an curbing. ingress and egress easement 12’ in width. 4. Parking space delineation shall be maintained for visual C. All pipestem driveways regardless effectiveness. of number of units served or easement width shall have 5. Parking spaces in unpaved lots additional easements for slope and shall be delineated by drainage where necessary due to providing individual wheel terrain. Easements shall note which stops for each unpaved lots have the right to use these parking space. driveways.

5-6 COMMON/PIPESTEM 3. Design and Construction Requirements DRIVEWAYS A. The plan view, including necessary 1. General Requirements (See Plates 5-13, turnaround, utilities, and typical 5-25 and 5-26) section of pipestem driveways serving more than one lot, shall be A. The desirable maximum grade for all pipestem driveways is 15%.

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-26

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

shown on the grading plan for each construction or development phase. 7. Compaction of subgrade shall The pipestems shall be included in conform to VDOT Road and each project's completion bond. Bridge Specifications, Section 305. The compaction shall be B. Pipestem driveways shall be verified by County inspectors designed and constructed in prior to placement of concrete. accordance with Plates 5-10, 5-11, 5-13, 5-25 and 5-26, except that: 8. The pavement surface shall have a minimum continuous 1. A 6” welded wire fabric pitch of ¼” per foot. Storm reinforced concrete pavement water runoff shall not be is acceptable in lieu of a 2” channeled longitudinally bituminous surface. (See Plate within the paved portions of 5-25.) the pipestem or along the edge unless curb and gutter is 2. Concrete shall be as specified provided. When a crown is by VDOT Road and Bridge used, a well-defined swale Specifications. Concrete shall shall be provided, as required, be Class A3 General Use, on both sides of the drive. central mixed, and delivered in agitator-type equipment. 9. Concrete curing materials shall conform to VDOT Road and 3. The reinforcement shall be Bridge Specifications. adequately supported by metal chairs at a level of 3" (+ or – 10. The opening to traffic shall ½”) above the bottom of conform to VDOT Road and concrete. Bridge Specifications.

4. Expansion joints shall be 11. The concrete may be hand- provided every 30’ in finished, and shall be provided accordance with VDOT Road with a broom or burlap drag and Bridge Specifications, and texture. shall be placed all the way through the joints. 12. Materials, equipment and construction methods shall 5. Contraction joints shall be comply with VDOT Road and provided every 15’. The joints Bridge Specifications, except shall be 1 ½” deep, or 1/4 of where stricter specifications the concrete thickness. are identified.

6. Longitudinal control joints 5-7 STREET LIGHTS shall be provided in the center of all pipestems. 1. General Information

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-27

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

Developer/Homeowners A. Street lighting shall be provided in Association, if installed by a conjunction with all new private certified licensed electrical developments as a requirement of contractor. subdivision and site plan development, for the purpose of D. After the street lights are installed crime deterrence, pedestrian safety, and energized, the homeowners' and reducing traffic hazards at association or other responsible intersections. The extent of street organization shall make payment to lighting required for each the electric utility company for the development shall be based on monthly operating and maintenance actual proposed density and costs. proposed use. The developer will pay the cost for installation of the E. VDOT will allow roadway lighting street lights by the electric utility within the right-of-way by land use company. Street lighting shall be permit only. On curb sections, compliant with full cut off fixtures, poles shall be placed behind the refer to Plates 5-32 and 5-33. curb and preferably behind the sidewalk. For shoulder sections, B. The developer shall bond 110% of the pole shall be placed a minimum the estimated street light of ten (10) feet from the edge of the installation cost as part of the pavement and behind the ditch line. completion bond for public improvements required prior to 2. General Requirements final plat approval in accordance with Article 6 of the Subdivision A. Residential Subdivisions Ordinance. All easements required by the electric utility company for 1. Subdivisions in which the street lighting shall be provided by minimum lot size is 25,000 the developer. square feet or less

C. All street lighting systems shall be a. Street lights shall be installed by the electric utility installed along all proposed company or certified licensed streets that will be included electric contractor. The electric into the VDOT Roadway utility company or certified System. Refer to Plate 5- licensed electric contractor shall 34. acquire the necessary permits from b. A minimum of 3 street VDOT/County for the purpose of lights shall be installed street lighting on all existing along the existing State road roadways in the state roadway at all entrances into the system. The street lighting systems subdivision. Street lights shall be owned and maintained by shall be installed for the full the electric utility company or the

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-28

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

frontage of properties where access is provided from an existing State road to houses light at each intersection within the subdivision. within the subdivision. Refer to Plate 5-33 c. Streetlights (Plate 5-34) 2. A minimum of 3 street lights shall be installed along all shall be installed along the trails and sidewalks that existing State road at all front existing State Roads to entrances into the subdivision. the property line. Where the existing State road d. Refer to Plate 5-27 for a provides frontage for uses typical lighting layout. within the subdivision, street lights shall be installed along 2. Subdivisions in which the the entire frontage. Refer to minimum lot size is greater Plates 5-32 and 5-33. than 25,000 square feet 3. Refer to Plate 5-29 for a a. Street lights shall not be typical lighting layout. required for streets within subdivisions containing lots C. Site Plans greater than 25,000 square feet in area. 1. Street lights shall be installed b. A minimum of 3 street along all existing State roads lights shall be installed providing frontage to the along the existing State road development. at all proposed entrances into the subdivision. Refer 2. Refer to Plate 5-30 for a to Plate 5-33 typical lighting layout. c. Streetlights (Plate 5-34) shall be installed along all D. Planned Developments (PDH and trails and sidewalks to the PDC Districts) development’s property line that front existing State 1. Street lights shall be installed Roads. along all arterial and collector d. Refer to Plate 5-28 for a streets that will be included in typical lighting layout. the VDOT Roadway System.

B. Industrial and Commercial 2. A minimum of 3 street lights Subdivisions shall be installed along all existing or proposed State 1. Street lights shall be installed roads at all entrances into the along all streets that are to be development. Where the included into the VDOT existing State road provides Roadway System. This shall frontage for land uses within include a minimum of 1 street the development, street lights

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-29

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

shall be installed along the traffic counts in excess of entire frontage. 3000 vehicles per day.

3. Street lights shall be installed 2. The standard roadway fixture, throughout the development in RF-2 (see Plate 5-33) may be accordance with the residential used where all of the following subdivision, industrial and conditions apply: commercial subdivision and site plan requirements as a. Installations along curb and previously stated in Section 5- gutter roadways (see Plate 7.2A, B, and C. 5-33). b. Installations along roadways 4. Refer to Plate 5-31 for a interior to a residential typical lighting layout. subdivision. c. Installations along roadways E. Public Improvement Plans. Street with projected or existing lights shall be installed along traffic counts of 3000 or less streets that will be included into the vehicles per day. VDOT Roadway System in accordance with the residential 3. The alternate security lighting subdivision, industrial and fixture, RF-3 (see Plate 5-34) commercial subdivision, site plan may be used where all of the and planned development following conditions apply: requirements as previously stated in Section B-2A, B, and C. a. Installations along curb and gutter roadways with 3. Standards and Criteria underground electrical wiring (see Plate 5-34). A. Luminaire Style b. Installations along roadways interior to a residential 1. The standard roadway subdivision. fixtures,RF-2 (see Plates 5-32 c. Installations along roadways and 5-33) shall be used where with projected or existing one or more of the following traffic counts of 3,000 or conditions apply: less vehicles per day.

a. Installations along non-curb B. The exact pole spacing, bracket and gutter roadways (see length, intensity of the light source, Plate 5-32). and luminaire mounting height b. Installations along roadways shall be determined by the electric not interior to a residential utility company or certified electric subdivision. contractor if not specified on site c. Installations along roadways plan, responsible for installation, or with projected or existing as directed by the Planning staff

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-30

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

during site plan approval, as a. Support the bicycle upright necessary to meet the guidelines of by its frame in two places. the Illuminating Engineering b. Prevent the wheels of the Society of North America for the bicycle from tilting or type of area being illuminated. Pole placement relative to the street and twisting. right-of-way shall conform to c. A U-lock should be able to Plates 5-32, 5-33, and 5-34, or lock the front wheel and the other criteria used by VDOT. down tube of an upright bicycle or lock the rear wheel 5-8 FRED BUS TURNOUT, SHELTER, and seat tube of the bicycle. AND BENCH SPECIFICATIONS 3. Two or more single racks may be

See Plates No. 5-43 through 5-45 mounted in a row on a common base or attached in a row to a 5-9 UTILITY LOCATIONS, MAIL frame. BOXES, AND ROAD EDGE 4. Inverted “U” racks mounted in a DELINEATORS row should be placed 30 inches apart on center, allowing enough See Plate 5-37 for utility pole locations. See room for two bicycles to be Plate 5-38 for mail box locations. See Plate 5-39 for road edge delineator locations. secured to each rack and providing easy, access to each 5-10 BICYCLE RACKS AND TRAILS bicycle. 5. Racks should be made of A. BICYCLE RACKS material that resists being cut or

detached using common hand 1. Bicycle racks shall be installed on sites in accordance with the tools. The rack should be Highway Corridor Overlay anchored so that it cannot be District and in situations stolen with the bikes attached. where bicycle rack installation Racks that are large and heavy has been proffered or enough such that the rack cannot conditioned as part of a public be easily moved or lifted with the hearing case. The installation bicycles attached do not have to of bicycle racks shall be in conformance with the be anchored. following standards, listed 6. Racks shall be placed so that they below and illustrated on plate do not block the entrance, inhibit 5-40. pedestrian flow in or out of the building or generally impede 2. A single bicycle rack shall snow removal. If placed on a meet the following criteria: sidewalk or pedestrian walkway,

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-31

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

racks should be placed so that at intended trailway corridor user least 5 feet of sidewalk width is groups as specified in the maintained. Spotsylvania County Trailways Master Plan. Such structures 7. Where multiple racks are must meet minimum standards installed in rows with aisles for: separating the rows the following a. Width- allowing ten (10) feet dimensions shall apply: or more to adequately a. Minimum aisles width shall accommodate width of be 48 inches. The aisle is trailway, emergency and/or measured from tip to tip of maintenance access and two way traffic and/ or multiple bike tires across the space user groups. between racks. b. Engineering- to safely b. Minimum depth shall be 72 accommodate forces of inches for each row of parked compression, tension, torsion, bicycles. and shear considering c. Areas with a high turnover specified user groups and rate should have a minimum weather conditions. c. Emergency and/ or aisle width of 72 in and Maintenance should have more than one Accommodation- entrance. accommodate emergency 8. Racks shall be mounted within and/or maintenance access by 50 feet of the entrance it serves, all terrain or similar type or as close as the nearest car vehicle with equipment. d. Load limitations to be clearly parking space, whichever is signed upon bridge structure closer and shall be clearly visible or in approach of structure. from the entrance it serves. e. Bridge approaches and exits 9. Creative, three-dimensional shall be flush with the bicycle-parking racks are trailway in order to allow for allowed provided the criteria of seamless access and crossing. the rack design are met. 2. Public trailways shall be constructed to accommodate the 10. When possible, bicycle parking intended corridor user group as areas should be protected from specified in the Spotsylvania the elements (rain, snow, etc.). County Trailways Master Plan and meet the following B. TRAILS standards: a. See Plate 5-21 for minimum 1. Public trail structures including bicycle and pedestrian off- bridges and culverts must be road greenway trail cross designed to accommodate section. Surface material and

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-32

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

cross section may vary based Bay requirements. Trailway on user group. (Refer to surfaces within the second 50 Spotsylvania County feet (land-side 50 feet) can Trailways Master Plan utilize impervious trail Trailway Facility Design materials provided impacts Guidelines and Plate 5-17 are properly mitigated through 5-19). consistent with Chesapeake b. Trailway intersections with Bay requirements. In all roadways, other trailways, or cases the trail surface shall be other facilities shall be constructed to permit safe clearly marked to notify users user-friendly navigation by of upcoming merge or the intended user group. crossing points. A warning g. Equestrian trails shall be sign shall appear at least 500 separated from or be feet prior to the intersection developed parallel to bicycle to allow for awareness and and pedestrian trailways stopping. Trailways to have along greenway corridors as stop signs at roadway and identified in the Spotsylvania railroad crossing points to County Trailways Master avoid potential conflict. Plan. A minimum ten (10) c. All public trailway entry foot buffer is preferred. (For points will clearly specify reference see Spotsylvania user rules and regulations County Trailways Master including hours of operation, Plan Trailway Facility leave no trace policies, trail Design Guidelines and Plate surface conditions and/ or 5-15, 5-17, 5-18). level of difficulty, and 3. The acquisition of public permitted user groups. trailway easements will be d. Trailway crossing points necessary to establish many upon roadways shall provide pieces of the planned public adequate sight distance trailway system. The minimum visibility to allow such users preferred easement width for to adequately assess roadway public trails is: conditions and allow for safe a. Forty (40) feet for multi-use road crossing. trail corridors without e. Trailways shall include equestrian use; and distance markers every ¼ b. Fifty (50) feet for multi-use mile. trail corridors with equestrian f. Trailway surfaces within the use. first 50 feet (water-side 50 c. In all cases, the boundary of feet) of a Resource Protection the public access easement Area (RPA) shall be of shall be posted every five- pervious type material hundred (500) feet by the consistent with Chesapeake easement holder or

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ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

responsible party in Comprehensive Plan and the partnership with the easement County's Trailways Master Plan. holder to prohibit trespass off the easement onto private property. 4. At minimum, designated trailhead locations will offer maintained restroom facilities and trailway, trail-head signage and/ or information kiosk including trailway system map, bioretention areas, pedestrian crosswalks where needed, and parking spaces. (For reference see examples located in the Spotsylvania County Trailways Master Plan Trail Design Guidelines & Sections and Trailhead Layout). Equestrian oriented trailheads will also include hitching post(s), parking spaces adequate to serve truck and trailer, and water pump.

5-11 PLATES

The following plates will illustrate and assist in the explanation of the standards and specifications in Article 5 (Streets, Parking, and Driveways) of the Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual, and Chapters 20 and 23 (Subdivisions, Zoning), of the Spotsylvania County Code.

Plates pertaining to the development of trailway facilities are meant to generally guide the design and construction of county trailway facilities in order to ensure consistency throughout the County regarding right-of-way, trail surfaces, stability and drainage, and basic amenities; a complement to the Spotsylvania County

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-34

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-35

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

sss

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-36

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-37

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-38

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-39

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-40

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-41

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-42

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-43

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-44

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-45

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-46

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-47

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-48

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-49

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-50

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-51

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-52

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-53

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-54

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-55

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-56

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-57

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-58

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-59

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-60

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-61

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-62

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-63

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-64

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-65

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-66

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-67

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-68

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-69

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-70

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-71

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-72

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-73

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-74

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-75

ARTICLE 5 – STREETS, PARKING AND DRIVEWAYS

______Spotsylvania County Design Standards Manual 5-76