Public Realm Design Manual Version 2.1 March 2019

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Public Realm Design Manual A Summary of District of Columbia Regulations and Specifications for the Design of Public Space Elements Government of the District of Columbia Version 2.1 - March 2019 Muriel Bowser, Mayor II Majestic views of national monuments, leafy residential streets, and wide sidewalks in commercial areas... these are iconic images of Washington, DC. Much of the daily routine of District residents, workers, and visitors takes place in settings like these. This is where we walk to school, wait for the bus, talk to neighbors, walk the dog, window shop, or sit outside in a café to drink a cup of coffee. Having such an extensive network of public space enhances the quality of life for our residents and visitors, and ensures that the city has the foundation to become a more walkable and sustainable city.

The District’s public space is a valuable asset worthy of our stewardship and - with the help of all residents and property owners – is one if the unique features that makes our city great. The Guide to the District of Columbia’s Public Space Regulations is a resource for learning about the importance of the District’s public space, the regulations that guide its use and form, and the rationale behind them. Property owners are required to maintain the public space adjacent to their property, so it is important that these ideas are understood clearly.

Beginning with the L’Enfant Plan and continuing to today, Washington, DC has a notable history of using public space to define the city and give character and grace to neighborhoods. From inspirational views of the Capitol along leafy avenues to neighborhood networks of small green spaces, parks, schoolyards and recreation centers, to commercial boulevards with sidewalk cafes and street festivals – these defining characteristics of our public space are not the result of happenstance. Rather, it is the result of thoughtful planning, regulation and long-standing traditions of enhancing the public right-of-way. Today, the District Department of Transportation reviews approximately 6,000 public space permits annually to ensure that the interest of the public is protected.

Public space contributes to the quality of life for everyone. It can only be maintained and enhanced with the help of all residents and property owners. Together we can maintain and improve this beloved public resource in a way that is environmentally responsible and that contributes to our everyday lives.

III IV 3-15 3.5.6 Additional Regulations for Unenclosed Cafés Only 3-16 3.6 Street Trees 3-16 3.6.1 Street Tree Spacing And Placement TABLE OF CONTENTS 3-18 3.6.2 Tree Species Selection 3-19 3.6.3 Treatment Of Tree Box Area INTRODUCTION 3-20 3.6.4 Tree Box Beautification 1-1 1.1 The Importance of Public Space 3-23 3.7 Bike Racks 1-3 1.2 How to Use This Guide 3-23 3.7.1 Placement 1-4 1.3 The Public Space Committee 3-24 3.7.2 Design 1-6 1.4 Important Definitions 3-24 3.7.3 Installation 3-24 3.7.4 Technical Consultation ROADWAYS 2-1 2.1 Overview LANDSCAPING AND THE PUBLIC PARKING AREA 2-2 2.2 Policies And Regulations 4-1 4.1 Overview 2-3 2.3 Streets 4-3 4.2 Policies 2-3 2.3.1 Alignment Of New Public Streets 4-4 4.3 Maintenance Responsibility 2-3 2.3.2 Right-Of-Way Width 4-4 4.4 Public Parking 2-3 2.3.3 Minor Streets 4-6 4.5 Fences 2-5 2.3.4 Standard Roadway Elements 4-6 4.5.1 Material and Height 2-7 2.4 Curbs and Gutters 4-7 4.5.2 Location and Placement 2.7 2.4.1 Standard Curbs 4-8 4.6 Retaining Walls And Grading 2-7 2.4.2 Standard Gutters 4-8 4.6.1 Maintenance 2-7 2.4.3 Federal Aid Streets, Historic Districts, 4-8 4.6.2 Retaining Walls and Special Districts 4-8 4.6.3 Grading 2-9 2.4.4 Radius Standards For Driveways and Alleys 2-10 2.5 Medians 2-10 2.5.2 Width And Material Requirement BUILDING PROJECTIONS 5-1 5.1 Overview 5-3 5.2 Policies SIDEWALKS 5-3 5.3 General Regulations 3-1 3.1 Overview 5-5 5.4 Subsurface Projections 3-2 3.2 Policies 5-5 5.4.1 Areaways 3-3 3.3 Sidewalk Design Standards 5-6 5.4.2 Vaults 3-3 3.3.1 Sidewalk Width 5-6 5.4.2.1 Uses 3-4 3.3.2 Grades And Slopes 5-7 5.4.2.2 Placement and Covers 3-6 3.3.3 Materials 5-8 5.5 Above Ground Projections 3-8 3.4 Driveways 5-8 5.5.1 Balconies 3-8 4.4.1 Width 5-8 5.5.2 Bay Windows, Towers, Oriels, and Colonnades 3-9 3.4.2 Location 5-11 5.5.3 Porches 3-9 3.4.3 Design 5-12 5.5.4 Steps And Ramps 3-9 3.4.4 Number Of Driveways For Businesses 5-12 5.5.5 Permanent Doors And Windows 3-9 3.4.5 Circular Driveways 5-12 5.5.6 Awnings 3-9 3.4.6 Grading 5-13 5.5.7 Canopies 3-10 3.4.7 Downtown Streetscape Driveway Regulation 5-14 5.5.8 Marquees 3-11 3.5 Sidewalk Cafes 3-11 3.5.1 Furnishing And Fixtures 3-12 3.5.2 Clear Sidewalk Space And Location APPENDIX A 3-13 3.5.3 Food And Serving Standards 3-13 3.5.4 Additional Regulations For Enclosed Sidewalk Cafes 3-14 3.5.5 Seating Capacity VI INTRODUCTION 1.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF PUBLIC SPACE IN WASHINGTON, DC Washington, DC, has a long history of using public space to define its image. Beginning with the L’Enfant Plan, this image was characterized by wide streets with long views toward prominent buildings or open spaces. In 1870, Congress passed the “Parking Act” and designated part of the right-of-way immediately next to private property as park areas to be maintained by the adjacent property owner. This area was to be landscaped and is still referred to as “parking.” The following year, Congress passed the “Projection Act” that allowed bay windows, oriel windows, corner towers, porches, and show windows into public space to enhance the public parking and embellish building facades lining city streets and avenues.

Grand avenues and boulevards are lined with landscaping and street trees that create long vistas toward parks and open space.

Public space is a defining characteristic of the District and frames long views toward prominent buildings. During the late 19th and early 20th century, the District continued to develop plans to extend public parking into new areas of the city and public space regulations to protect long vistas along District streets, encouraged architectural variety, and required landscaped areas that create a “parkway” character. Today these regulations cover everything from the width of travel lanes to sidewalk cafes.

Public space is a broad term that includes that area within the street right-of-way and can take on many different appearances. Typically thought of as the publicly owned area between private property lines, it includes the roadway, tree space, sidewalk, and often what appears to be front yards. 1-1 Regulations for public space are also applied to private property within building restriction lines that establish an area of additional setbacks on some streets, is counted toward the width of a street, and that is regulated as public space.

The concept of park like landscaping in the District’s public right-of-way dates back to the nation’s Founding Fathers. In his first report to George Washington, surveyor Pierre L’Enfant outlined how to landscape his exceptionally wide avenues, specifying a landscape treatment for Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, between 1st and 16th Streets. Thomas Jefferson also proposed a system whereby D.C. streets would have tree-lined walkways on both sides. The dramatic change in the city during and immediately after the Civil War brought new impetus to improve public space. As part of an effort to improve the image of the nation’s capital and to reflect a unified, stable, and prosperous nation, a more formalized and strategic approach toward street management that included “public parking” was developed. Commercial areas in the District are defined by wide sidewalks, sidewalk cafes, and street trees. As the Civil War was winding down, local and federal leaders began moving toward a system that would transform public space. Both federal and local leaders advocated narrowing the “imperial widths” of District streets by converting parts of the right-of-way into parkland and giving the capital “a leading feature of rare beauty.” The framework for the parking system was established in the Parking Act of 1870. A second law dealing with public parking was passed in 1872. It required property owners to maintain the public parking directly abutting their property while giving the property owner the exclusive right to enter that public space.

Responding to desires for building projections into public parking, the municipal government declared in 1871 that it was “lawful to extend bay windows a distance of four feet beyond the building line” (underground vaults extending up to five feet into public space had been permitted since 1845). Although the primary purpose of public parking was for landscaping and greenery, projections were seen as a benefit to the public by allowing for architectural variation that added to Residential neighborhoods in the District are easily the park-like character. Additional projections allowed into public space were added over time to recognized by generous landscaping and bay include towers, oriel windows, and other architectural embellishments. Buttressed by landscaped window projections. corridors, the projections created interest to what would otherwise be flat building facades and enabled natural light and fresh air to radiate into homes significantly enhancing quality of life. These projections, immediately popular, became an iconic part of Washington’s neighborhoods.

In an 1898 bill that reaffirmed public parking as part of the District’s park system, Congress transferred oversight of parking areas to the local government. Soon thereafter, regulations were developed that allowed adjoining landowners a broader range of improvements, including height and permeability of fences and hedges, that could be made in the parking area. Building restriction lines (BRL) were used in the 1890s and became more common with regulations adopted in 1910 that made it easier to establish them as part of implementing the cities street network. Improvements in the public parking or building restriction area were processed through the regular permitting division of the District’s licensing department. Today they are processed by the Public Space Regulation Administration of the District Department of Transportation. A Public Space Committee was formed around 1935 to “protect the interest of the District of Columbia.” It still reviews certain types of public space applications.

1-2 Today, wide streets with long vistas are still a defining characteristic of residential and commercial neighborhoods in the District and differentiate the city from surrounding jurisdictions. This image is the result of policies and regulations that few people are aware of but that many people benefit from. The impact they have on enhancing the transportation network and defining the image of the District is largely unappreciated.

The way public space is used and designed impacts residents, workers, and visitors. Consistent application and enforcement of public space policies and regulations give our city a distinct character defined by open spaces and results in a greener and more walkable city. 1.2 HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE This reference manual is a comprehensive review of the District’s public space policies and regulations. It will help business owners, developers, and residents better understand the appropriate use of public space, as well as assist government agencies that evaluate requests for waivers from public space regulations. Each regulation considered individually may appear insignificant; when considered together, these policies and regulations have a collective impact that is greater than the individual parts. For example, lowering a fence by a foot or making space for one street tree may seem to be a small detail. However, by understanding the intent behind Washington, DC’s public space regulations, it is possible to determine when deviations are appropriate. This document will allow District agencies and the public to develop plans and evaluate proposals that are consistent with District policies and regulations. Currently, these regulations are located in several documents and are not always easy to find. As presented here, policies and regulations from several documents are sorted by different public space components: 1. DCMR Title 11: Zoning (DCMR-11) 2. DCMR Title 12: Building Code (DCMR-12) 3. DCMR Title 24: Public Space and Safety (DCMR-24) 4. The Comprehensive Plan for the National Capital: District Elements (CP) 5. DC Department of Transportation - Design and Engineering Manual (DEM) 6. Downtown Streetscape Regulations (DSR) 7. DDOT Standard Drawings (Series 500) The policies and regulations in the above documents are enforced city-wide. Area-specific guidelines, such as those developed for Mount Vernon Triangle or Great Streets Initiative, are not included. This guide is only intended to address commonly proposed features within public space. If there is no regulation explicitly allowing a feature within public space than that feature is not permitted to be constructed or occupy public space. An additional resource available for the programming of activities in public space is the DC Office of Planning’s Public Realm Activation Guide.

1-3 1.3 THE PUBLIC SPACE COMMITTEE

The Public Space Committee makes final determinations on applications for various uses of public space and areas within building restriction lines. The Committee is responsible for assuring that the temporary and permanent uses of public space for public and private purposes are consistent with the laws and policies of the District government. The Public Space Committee is staffed by DDOT’s Public Space Regulation Administration and meets the 4th Thursday of every month.

The Committee’s make-up and oversight authority has evolved since it was first established in 1939, responding to changes in the type of public space applications and issues facing the District. Today, it operates under a Mayoral Order that authorizes the Committee to make final determinations on the approval or denial of most applications for the temporary use of public space. The Committee is made up of five members representing four District agencies:

1. Public Space Regulation Division (DDOT), Chair; 2. Planning and Sustainability Division (DDOT); 3. Department of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs; 4. Office of Planning; and, 5. Secretary of the District of Columbia.

DCMR Title 24: Public Space and Safety, Chapter 1, broadly defines the review authority of the Committee to review and recommend to DDOT approval or denial of a public space application for a use that goes beyond what is allowed by existing regulations. It specifies that the Committee shall determine whether or not what is being requested will adversely affect the interest of the public or violate any of the following criteria:

(a) The proposed additional use will not endanger the public; (b) The proposed additional use will not substantially interfere with pedestrian or vehicular traffic; and, (c) The proposed additional use will not increase the area of public space that the applicant for the Security bollards in public space must be permit is authorized to use by other law or regulation (DCMR 12-100.1). approved by the Public Space Committee. Other sections within DCMR Title 24 and DCMR Title 12: Building Code also identify specific public space applications that must be go before the Committee, as well as the criteria for review. The Committee makes the final determination to grant or deny public space applications for the following: • Public space rental permits (DCMR 24-200, 201, 203, and 204). • Permits for sidewalk cafes (DCMR 24-210, 301, and 305). • Permits for benches, trash receptacles, street furniture and amenities, and public art in the Downtown Streetscape Area (DCMR 24-1108.1 and 1108.10). • Installation of markers by the Make a Difference Foundation in a location outside of the Downtown Streetscape Area (DCMR 24 – 116.2(b)). • News media public space permits during an Inauguration (DCMR 24-805.2). 1-4 The Committee makes recommendations to grant or deny a permit issued by DCRA for the following: • Foregone construction in public space (DCMR 12- 3202.4.2.5). • Church bulletins or non-profit organization nameplates in public space Common public space applications that (DCMR 12-N101.9.5.3 and N101.9.5.4). go before the Public Space Committee:

Decisions of the Public Space Committee are final. The use of public space or the area beyond • Overheight fences and retaining a building restriction line are considered a privilege and is not allowed by right. For additional walls information about the Public Space Committee, or to electronically receive Public Space Committee informational notices, send requests to: [email protected] • Street furniture, like flag poles and (DCMR 24-1108.1 and 1108.10). benches

• Statues and public art

• Sidewalk cafes

• Curb cuts

• Security elements, like guard booths and bollards

• Unusual projections

• All signs

• Non-standard light fixtures

• Church bulletins

Non-standard light fixtures and public art must be approved by the Public Space Committee.

1-5 1.4 IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS Understanding these terms and concepts is important for correctly interpreting the guidelines, standards, and regulations that apply to the District’s public space. Building Restriction Line: A required set-back from the public right-of-way within which no building may take place and upon which the District’s public space regulations apply.

Building Restriction Area: The space between the property line and building restriction line. Party Line Extended: Sometimes known as “property line extended”, the term “party line extended” means a line through the corners of the property and perpendicular to the street. Projection: Sometimes known as an “encroachment”, a structure that extends beyond a property line or building restriction line that is a privilege. Projections may not be claimed as a right, and require

1-6 a permit. The building code establishes limitations on projections that may be granted. Proposed projections may be further restricted or refused if the code official determines such action best for the public interest. Property Line: The line delineating the boundaries of public space and private property.

Public Parking Area: “Public Parking” means that area of public space devoted to open space, greenery, parks, or parking that lies between the property line, which may or may not coincide with the building restriction line, and the edge of the actual or planned sidewalk that is nearer to the property line, as the property line and sidewalk are shown on the records of the District. This area often includes spaces that appear to be front yards with private landscaping that create park-like settings on residential streets.

“Public parking” is the area between the sidewalk and the property line devoted to open space and landscaping.

1-7 Public Right-of-Way: The surface, the air space above the surface (including air space immediately adjacent to a private structure located on Public Space or in a Public Right-of-Way), and the area below the surface of any public street, bridge, tunnel, highway, lane, path, alley, sidewalk, or boulevard.

Public Space: All the publicly-owned property between the property lines on a street, park, or other public property, as such property lines are shown on the records of the District, and includes any roadway, tree space, sidewalk, or parking between such property lines.

Landscaped areas that appear to be the front yard of private homes are typically public space and part of the road right-of-way.

Architectural projections such as porches provide visual variety in residential neighborhoods.

The types of elements that are permitted in public space are closely tied to the adjacent land use.

1-8 Sidewalks have distinct areas, which may include the tree box/furnishing area at the curb, “pedestrian clear zone,” and an area for sidewalk cafes or merchandise display.

In some cases, private property is within a building restriction line where public space regulations apply.

Tree Box/Furnishing Area: The area of the roadside that provides a buffer between the pedestrians and vehicles, which primarily contains landscaping such as a continuous planting strip in residential areas. Sidewalk Area: Sometimes known as the “pedestrian clear zone”, this is the walking zone on the sidewalk that must remain clear, both horizontally and vertically.

1-9 ROADWAYS 2.1 OVERVIEW Roadways play a significant role in the transportation network of the District. This section focuses on the elements between the curbs – the area devoted to vehicles and bicycles. The 1,100 miles of roadways in the District are categorized by function, ranging from interstates to local streets. A roadway classification has implications for the design of other elements in public space, including the type of material used for curbs and gutters and the width of tree boxes and sidewalks. The management and design of the roadway must take into account the needs of a well-balanced and multi-modal transportation system that serves all businesses, visitors, and residents in the District. The efficient movement of pedestrians, cars, trucks, buses, and bicycles is integral to the city’s efforts to sustain and enhance the quality of life and is key to its future economic growth and its role as the Nation’s Capital. The management of roadways takes into account the needs of multiple users.

Medians slow traffic and provide a safe walkway for pedestrians at crosswalks. The design of roadways accommodates a well balanced and multi-modal transportation system. Curbs, gutters, and medians are common elements of roadways. Curbs and gutters define the edge of the roadway dedicated to vehicular use and channel storm water to the sewer system. Their design and materials contribute to the function and appearance of public space. Medians, located in the center of the roadway, are intended to slow vehicular traffic, and provide a safe zone for pedestrians at crosswalks. They may be designed to include public art, trees, and landscape areas to enhance the street environment. The width of a median may vary depending on the width of the roadway, amount of traffic on the street, and proposed design. 2-1 2.2 POLICIES AND REGULATIONS The District’s policies and regulations for roadways are designed to create an infrastructure that safely Existing Roadway System accommodates a broad mix of vehicles into a network that covers the District. Functional Classification:

Comprehensive Plan Principal Arterials Full text for these policies is on page A. Principal arterials, comprising 92 miles or • Policy T-1.1.3: Context-Sensitive Transportation approximately eight percent of the District’s • Policy T-1.1.4: Transit-Oriented Development roadway system, typically serve major activity centers and serve longer trip lengths than the • Policy T-2.1.4: Maintenance of Transit Facilities roadway types listed below. The freeways and • Policy T-2.2.1: Multi-Modal Connections principal arterials function as the primary commuter • Policy T-2.2.2: Connecting District Neighborhoods routes and form the backbone of the overall • Policy T-2.3.1: Better Integration of Bicycle and Pedestrian Planning roadway system. Freeways and principal arterials • Policy T-2.4.1: Pedestrian Network typically carry between 40 and 60 percent of a • Policy T-2.4.2: Pedestrian Safety city’s total traffic volumes. • Policy T-2.4.3: Traffic Calming Minor Arterials • Policy T-2.5.1: Creating Multi-Modal Corridors Minor arterials account for 173 miles, or • Policy T-2.5.2: Managing Roadway Capacity approximately 15 percent of the total roadway • Policy T-2.5.3: Road and Bridge Maintenance system. These roadways serve short to medium • Policy T-2.5.4: Traffic Management length trips, with a greater emphasis on mobility • Policy T-2.6.1: Special Needs than direct access. In a typical network, minor • Policy T-2.6.2: Transit Needs arterials make up 15 to 25 percent of the mileage • Policy T-4.1.3: Providing Redundancies and carry 15 to 40 percent of the total traffic. Collectors Collectors move traffic from local streets to arterials. Collectors will often intersect arterials at signalized intersections. Local roads will intersect collectors at stop signs. Collectors make up 152 miles, or 13 percent, of the District’s roadway system.

Local Roads Local roads typically make up the majority of the transportation network as measured by road miles. They carry between 10 and 30 percent of all traffic. The primary role of local roads is to provide access to adjacent land uses, with ideally a very limited role in terms of traffic mobility. Approximately 60 percent, or 682 miles, of the District’s roadway system is classified as local.

Efficient movement of pedestrians, bicycles, and vehicles helps the District enhance the quality of life for residents and visitors.

2-2 2.3 STREETS 2.3.1 ALIGNMENT OF NEW PUBLIC STREETS No new public streets that are part of a subdivision of land in the District of Columbia shall be recorded in the Office of the Surveyor or in the Office of the Recorder of Deeds unless it is approved by the District Department of Transportation (DDOT) and conforms to the recorded plans for a permanent system of highways. (DC Code, Title 9: Transportation Systems § 9-101.13). The map of the permanent systems of highways is maintained by the Office of the Surveyor located in the Department of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs. 2.3.2 RIGHT-OF-WAY WIDTH The right-of-way width of all new public streets must meet minimum dimensions established by District code and approved by City Council. Where the highway plan shows: (1) a street as 90 feet wide, the Council may accept a dedication of land no less than 60 feet wide; (2) a street as 120 feet or more wide, the Council may accept a dedication of land no less than 90 feet wide. However, in both case (1) and (2) the persons dedicating the land must agree to establish building restriction lines that correspond with the width of the street as shown on the highway plan (DC Code, Title 9: Transportation Systems § 9-203.03). 2.3.3 MINOR STREETS The Mayor is permitted to establish minor streets that are one block long. A minor street may be as narrow as 75 feet, though the public right-of-way may be established at 55 feet. wide with building restriction lines set 10 feet back on both sides of the street lines (DC Code, Title 9: Transportation Systems § 9-203.04). An application to dedicate land to establish a minor street that would not meet these minimum dimensions must be accompanied by a document signed by the Mayor, stating that the Mayor has authorized the nonconforming street width or building line set back. When the City Council makes street construction a condition for the dedication of land for street purposes, the Surveyor shall not record a dedication plat until DDOT has indicated in writing that: (1) The owner of the property to be dedicated has constructed the street improvements in a way that complies with any conditions established by Council or DDOT; and, (2) The property owner agrees to take full responsibility for any liability associated with the minor street (DC Code, Title 9: Transportation Systems § 9-203.03).

2-3 Minor streets may be 75 feet wide but only one block long. 2-4 The District recently passed legislation that would allow DDOT, in limited situations, to approve new “narrow streets” that are less than 25 feet wide.

The District has minimum width requirements for roadway elements, including travel lanes, parking lanes, and bicycle lanes.

2.3.4 STANDARD ROADWAY ELEMENTS Minimum width requirements for new local/residential street construction are listed in the following table; however, every effort should be made to upgrade existing streets to bring them to the current District standard as much as practical (DEM 30.10.1). Crosswalks shall be 10 feet wide on local streets, 15 feet wide on collector streets, and 20 feet wide on major arterials, unless otherwise noted (DEM 44.7). On District streets classified as arterials, collectors, or local streets, typical lane widths inclusive of gutter are between 10 and 11 feet. On freeways, the predominant lane width is 12 feet. Lane widths can be adjusted based on design speed, design vehicle, available right-of-way, and width of adjacent bicycle and parking lanes (DEM 30.11).

2-5 Standard Roadway Elements Widths (DEM 30.10) The minimum row for one-way travel road (local/residential) 55' with 10' setback both sides The minimum row for two-way travel road (local/residential) 75' with 10' setback both sides The minimum row for two-way travel road collector/arterial 90' width with 10' setback both sides Two-way street, one lane each, with parking both sides 34' paved surface width, prefer 38' Two-way street, one lane each, with one side parking 27' paved surface width, prefer 30' Two-way street, one lane each, with no parking 20' paved surface width One-way street, one lane, with two side parking 25' paved surface width One-way street, one lane, with one side parking 18' paved surface width Driving lane 10' to 11' paved surface width Driving lane, with parking 18' paved surface width Parking lane 7' paved surface width, prefer 8' Bicycle And Pedestrian Facilities Bicycle lane, one way 5' paved surface width, prefer 7' (DEM 29.3.3) Bicycle lane, two way 10' paved surface width plus 2’ - 3’ buffer (NACTO) The minimum roadway width for a two-way street with parking on both sides is 34 feet. Shared use path, two way 10' paved surface width plus 2' buffer each side (DEM 29.4) Sidewalk pavement 6' - 10' paved surface width, depending on context (DEM Table 31-1) Tree furnishing zone 4’ - 10' surface width, depending on context (DEM Table 31-1) Middle of road median 4' Minimum surface width (DEM 30.13) *NOTE: For Collector and Arterial/Commercial streets see DEM Table 30-13

2-6 2.4 CURBS AND GUTTERS 2.4.1 STANDARD CURBS The District’s standard curbs for city streets are 7 inches high and made of concrete. DDOT may approve granite curbs on a case-by-case basis (DEM 30.12). Bluestone curbs, regardless of location, shall be reset and reused wherever possible (DEM 31.7). Asphalt curbs will be constructed for temporary construction or repairs only (DEM 30.12). Height and materials are also specified for bridges and mountable curbs. On bridge structures, curbs are required to be 9 inches high and granite. The District allows mountable curbs that are 4 inches high in special situations. Curbless streets are allowed in select locations and approved by DDOT on a case-by-case basis (DEM-30.12). 2.4.2 STANDARD GUTTERS A one foot-wide gutter may be built in combination with a curb. Standard gutter material is concrete. DDOT may approve brick gutters on a case-by-case basis. (DEM- 30.12)

2.4.3 FEDERAL AID STREETS, HISTORIC DISTRICTS, AND SPECIAL DISTRICTS All city streets within the federal aid system will be constructed with granite curbs. Streets designated Curbs and gutters define the boundary between the as collectors or arterials on DDOTs Functional Classification Map (Page 3-7) are part of the federal roadway and the sidewalk. aid system. Gutters will be replaced with in-kind materials. Brick gutters are to be standard, used in special situations only, or where there is evidence of brick gutters within the city block. In historic and special districts, granite curbs are standard, but gutters may be either brick or concrete depending on the district (DEM 30.12).

2-7 Street Designation Curb Gutter

City Wide Locally Funded Concrete; Granite considered on a Concrete; Brick considered on (Streets identified as Local on DDOT’s case-by-case a case-by-case basis Functional Classification Map on Page 3-7) Federal Aid Granite Replace with in-kind material; (Streets identified as Collector or Arterials on brick for special situations or if DDOT’s Functional Classification Map used within city block on Page 3-7) Granite curb with concrete gutter

Historic and Special Districts 16th Street Newly constructed curbs shall be All newly constructed and Anacostia granite. replaced gutters shall be brick. Blagden Alley/West Shaw Capitol Hill Existing stone curbs, including Existing concrete gutters Dupont Circle blue stone curbs, shall be reset may be repaired, but when con- Foggy Bottom whenever possible. ditions warrant replacement they Georgetown shall be brick. Greater 14th Street Greater U Street LeDroit Park Logan Circle Granite curb with brick gutter Massachusetts Avenue Mount Vernon Square Sheridan-Kalorama Strivers Section Mt. Pleasant Concrete or Granite Concrete or Brick Cleveland Park Woodley Park Takoma Park Downtown Streetscape Area* Granite Brick Mount Vernon Triangle** Granite Brick

NoMA*** Granite Concrete Bluestone curb with brick gutter * Downtown Streetscape Regulations ** Mount Vernon Triangle Transportation and Public Realm Design Project *** NoMA Vision Plan and Development Strategy

Concrete curb with concrete gutter

2-8 2.4.4 RADIUS STANDARDS FOR DRIVEWAYS AND ALLEYS The maximum radius for a commercial driveway is 6 feet. The radius for an alley is 10 feet. (See DDOT Standard Drawings Series 500 Types A curbcuts). Residential driveways to single-family detached or semi- detached homes should use a Type D curb cut with a maximum 2-foot flare. (DDOT Standard Drawings Series 500)

The grade of sidewalks crossing driveways must flush with pavement.

Driveway

6’ 6’

Street

The curb radius is a term used by highway engineers to describe the sharpness of a corner.

The curb radius for the entrance to a new alley is 10 feet.

2-9 2.5 MEDIANS 2.5.2 WIDTH AND MATERIAL REQUIREMENT All medians or sections of medians that are 5 feet or less in width and have a high risk and cost in maintaining landscaping should be completed in a hardscape material, including stamped concrete, brick, flagstone, or exposed aggregate concrete. If a median is greater than 5 feet in width it shall be at the District’s discretion whether the median is hardscaped or irrigated and landscaped (DEM 30.13).

Medians that are 5 feet or less should be a hardscape material like stamped concrete, brick, flagstone, or exposed aggregate concrete.

Medians can add landscaping to the center of wide avenues, contributing to the open character of District streets.

Medians must be greater than 5 feet wide to be landscaped.

2-10 SIDEWALKS 3.1 OVERVIEW Sidewalks are the part of the public space immediately adjacent to the roadway. The sidewalk area includes a pedestrian zone that must remain clear, both horizontally and vertically. For the purposes of this document, public space components that impact the pedestrian zone are considered part of the sidewalk. For example, driveways, street trees, and bike racks are typically located in the tree box/furnishing area of the sidewalk, but their width, location and design parameters are in part determined by the adjacent sidewalk. The location and design requirements of sidewalk cafés are also closely associated with sidewalk regulations. Vaults are sub-surface projections that are typically located beneath sidewalks. These public space components are included in this section.

London pavers and 16’ wide sidewalks are required in the downtown area.

The design and use of sidewalks help to define neighborhood character.

Brick sidewalks are used in historic districts and are evaluated as part of public space.

The primary function of sidewalks is to facilitate the movement of pedestrians.

3-1 Typical Residential Cross-Section The design and layout of sidewalks ensure that pedestrian access routes are functionally adequate, (Low and Moderate Density Residential) safe, and well connected. They also give neighborhoods distinct identities and character, and required dimensions and materials are in part based on adjacent land use. For example, wide sidewalks should be used in commercial areas to accommodate pedestrians, as well as street furniture, vendors, and sidewalk cafés. In comparison, narrower sidewalks should be used in residential areas where paving is secondary to landscaping and streets are part of the District’s park and open space network. Elements in the sidewalk should contribute to a comfortable pedestrian environment. Their location and spacing in public space impact public safety, how sidewalks are used, and how public space is experienced. 3.2 POLICIES The District’s policies and regulations for sidewalks reinforce their importance as part of the transportation infrastructure. Sidewalks link neighborhoods, improve pedestrian safety and mobility, enhance neighborhood character, and support the function of various street types. Sidewalk Tree Box 6 feet minimum 4 feet minimum Comprehensive Plan (6 feet or more preferred) • Policy E-1.1.1: Street Tree Planting and Maintenance • Policy E-1.1.3: Landscaping • Action E-1.1-D: Operating Procedures for Utility and Roadwork • Policy E-3.1.1: Maximizing Permeable Surfaces

• Policy HP-2.5.3: Streetscape Design in Historic Districts Typical Residential Cross-Section • Policy IN-6.1.1: Coordination of Infrastructure Improvements (High Density Residential) • Policy LU-2.4.10: Use of Public Space within Commercial Centers • Policy T-2.4.1: Pedestrian Network • Policy T-2.4.2: Pedestrian Safety • Policy T-2.4.4: Sidewalk Obstructions • Policy UD-2.1.1: Design Character • Policy UD-2.2.1: Neighborhood Character and Identity • Policy UD-3.1.1: Improving Streetscape Design • Policy UD-3.1.2: Management of Sidewalk Space • Policy UD-3.1.3: Streetscape Design and Street Function • Policy UD-3.1.7: Improving the Street Environment • Policy UD-3.1.8: Neighborhood Public Space • Policy UD-3.1.10: Sidewalk Cafés • Policy UD-3.1.11: Private Sector Streetscape Improvements

Sidewalk Tree Box 8 feet minimum 4 feet minimum (6 feet or more preferred)

3-2 3.3 SIDEWALK DESIGN STANDARDS 3.3.1 SIDEWALK WIDTH

Typical Commercial Cross-Section (Outside of Downtown Area) The width for sidewalk areas can be found in two locations. One is on a Designated Street Distribution Card. There is a distribution card for each street in the District, and the sidewalk width indicated on the card are the established width for the sidewalks on each side of that street. The card also includes information on the total width of each street (the right-of-way) and the designated width for the roadway. It also indicates a designated width for “public parking” (or landscaped area) if it applies and whether or not the street has a building restriction line. The information on these cards can be obtained from the District Department of Transportation’s (DDOT) Public Space Permits Branch located at 1100-4th Street, SW. DDOT is responsible for maintaining the information on the distribution cards.1

Sidewalk Tree Box 10 feet minimum 4 feet minimum (6 feet or more preferred)

Distribution Card for Taylor Street, NW.

The second source for information on sidewalk width is DDOT’s 2017 Design and Engineering Manual (DEM), Chapters 20, 29, 30, and 31. When comparing width found in these documents, note that sidewalk area width on the distribution cards include the total area designated as sidewalk, which includes tree boxes, and those in the DEM do not. The DEM defines the minimum width for paved sidewalks (pedestrian clear zone) and tree boxes by the functional classification of the street as defined by DDOT. Local and collector streets carry less traffic and have narrower sidewalk width. Arteri- als carry more traffic and have wider sidewalk width and tree boxes. In special areas of the city, such as in the downtown, wider sidewalks may be required. The standard paving for sidewalks in residential areas is concrete 1 Information on the Designated Street Distribution Card has not been maintained since the late 1990’s. DDOT is in the process of completing a mapping project that will include the information on each distribution card as part of the “street center line” information on both ArcMap and the DC Atlas. These cards include valuable information that is accurate for the majority of District streets. 3-3 Street Type Tree Box Area Sidewalk Unobstructed Clear Path (does not include tree box) Low- to Moderate- Density 4 ft. min/6 ft. pref. Residential High Density Residential 4 ft. min/8 ft. pref. Central DC and Commercial 4 ft. min/10 ft. 10 ft. min Areas Downtown 6 ft. min 16 ft. min Special Cases Multi-use trail 10 ft. Street w/ vendors 7 ft./10 ft. min Adj. to sidewalk café 10 ft. (6 ft. min)

Adj. to Bus Stop 8 ft. min The 6 foot sidewalk width in residential areas Sidewalk and tree box width are specified in DCMR Title 24-525.1, 24-12; DEM Chapters 20 (20.9), 29 (29.4), 30 (30.10), is in part intended to make paving secondary to land- 31 (31.2 and 31.3). scaping. Sidewalk Width Schedule All sidewalks shall have a minimum width of 6 ft. when separated from the roadway by a buffer strip. The width of the buffer strip should be a minimum of 4 ft. - preferably 6 ft. for tree space. Sidewalk width shall be based on adjacent land uses: 6 ft. for low and moderate density residential, 8 ft. for high density residential, and 10 ft. for commercial areas outside of the downtown. Standards for sidewalk treatment in downtown areas shall meet the current requirements of the Downtown Streetscape Regulations. All downtown streets shall have a minimum sidewalk width of 16 ft. with 6 ft. buffer strip. Where no buffer strip is provided, the width of the sidewalk should be 16 ft. Where utility poles, sign supports, fire hydrants, tree boxes, etc., are provided in the sidewalk, the minimum usable width of sidewalk shall be 4 ft. to allow for wheelchair passage.

A sidewalk which is constructed to serve as a bicycle facility will be considered a multi-use trail and will be built to a 10 ft. min. If the DCRA allows or requires a builder to extend the building projection into the public space right-of-way of a street that issue must be addressed by DDOT’s Infrastructure London pavers are one of several paving materials Project Management Division (IPMD) to insure that pedestrian safety as well as traffic safety is not used in the District for sidewalks. compromised. (DEM 29.4)

Walkways connecting sidewalks to the buildings shall not be over 6 feet wide unless approved by DDOT’s Public Space Regulation Division (DCMR 24-104.5). Walkways that include steps are further limited by the Building Code of the District of Columbia. For more information please see DCMR 12A-3202. 3.3.2 GRADES AND SLOPES The maximum sidewalk cross slope allowed is 2 percent (or ¼ inch per foot) toward the roadway (DEM 31.2.1.3). Lots and grounds paved with impervious material shall be graded and provided with approved drains so that no drainage will flow across the sidewalk (DCMR 24-608.1). Longitudinal slope shall not exceed the grade of the adjacent roadway. Where longitudinal grades exceed 5%, it is desirable to provide level landings at regular intervals (DEM 31.2.1.3). 3-4 There are several paving materials used within the Downtown Streetscape Area.

3-5 3.3.3 MATERIALS The use of different paving materials helps create distinct neighborhoods and differentiates uses on streets. Varying the kind of materials within a space may also indicate areas of special use, such as driveways, sidewalk cafés, and plazas. Sidewalk Paving Schedule Area Definition of Area Types of Pavers Used Downtown See map of area on previous page Pressed Concrete Pavers (natural limestone gray) (DCMR 24-11) Brick Pavers (red) Chinatown Brick Decorative Pavers (red) Historic Districts Anacostia, Capitol Hill, Georgetown, LeDroit Residential and Special Use Zones Park, Logan Circle (as defined by the Office of Zoning) (DCMR Title 24-1200) Brick Pavers (red) on sand Commercial and Mixed use Zones (as defined by the Office of Zoning) Alternative paving material may be approved by DDOT Brick Pavers (red) on concrete in limited situations. Georgetown, Logan Circle, Strivers Section, Residential and Special Purpose Zones LeDroit Park, Anacostia, Capitol Hill, (as defined by the Office of Zoning) Standard paving materials with specifi- Foggy Bottom, Greater 14th St, Greater U St, Brick Pavers (red) cations approved by DDOT include: Blagden Alley and Western Shaw, Mt. Vernon Commercial and Mixed-use Zones Square (DEM 31.7) (as defined by the Office of Zoning) Concrete • Red brick Special Districts Dupont Circle, Sheridan-Kalorama, Mass Ave, Concrete 16th St NW, Mt. Pleasant, Cleveland Park, • Portland cement concrete Woodley Park, Takoma Park (DEM 31.7.3) Standard All other city streets Portland Cement Concrete (colored with Carbon • London pavers Powder, 3x3 scoring, with hair broom finish). Exposed Aggregate Concrete (no Carbon Powder • Exposed aggregate concrete added, No. 67 Seeding, Rounded gravel, and muriatic acid wash finish). Alternative paving material may be approved • Pressed concrete pavers on a case by case basis by DDOT and with a maintenance covenant signed by the applicant. • Chinatown decorative pavers

The type of paving material used for a sidewalk greatly influences the character of a street. 3-6 V E W R N B E R T N D A M A H C A S W R T A A N E N C W B T K S T S P W T S I N L N A T W W E U S N

T E R R E W O T N S W M R D U A D E D C O L W S Y O A N B S T T R R NW U W D B O D R D P L E R Y E H A A R T T E R T R C R O A R D H O P G OX N TH A EASTERN AVE NW N D W R NN W R N O ST N A P N R D D A W I NW R H ST N K PL E L W YM C L E S T E O R G AT ID U R E RD O NW T Y E H LOCUST RD NW D S M R T NW NW 1 KALMIA RD NW 7 T 3 H 1 S S T T JON QUIL S 3 S N T NW 2 T W EASTERN AVE NW N N D

W S JUNIPER ST NW T W N N RD

W W E

IRIS ST NW W S N I H

O N

T D L W OGW W L O Y S T N O S D T NW HEMLOCK ST NW S

S H T T N

W T T S H S TNU T N

W T D HES

C 2 R HOLLY ST NW 9 TH ST NW

1 3

W 7 TH ST NW

N BIRCH ST NW 15 BEECH T GERANIUM ST NW ST N EA W TH PL NW S L PL NW S H FLORAL ST NW FLORA TERN ABERFOY T FERN PL NW LE PL N 4

W 1 FERN ST NW AVE NW ARCADIA PL NW ELDER ST NW NW ALASKA AVE NW

ND PL 32 DAHLIA ST NW DAHLIA ST NW HIGHLAND AVE NW CHESTNUT ST NW N W CEDAR ST W NW N BARNABY ST NW EASTERN AVE NW

R W T L NW W D S

P N

UPLAND TER NW T MA I N S T EAST RD NW W

UTAH AVE NW S O N S 31 R W

BUTTERNUT ST NW L D MAPLE ST NWL IL H L

R H TENNYSON ST NW SHER SANDY SPRINGI RD NW

9 W

8 ASPEN DR NW ASPEN ST NW W NW STUYVESANT PL NW OREGON AVE NW 4 THST NW ST N LAUREL ST NW

WHITTIER PL NW ST ST NW WHITTIER PL NW L WHITTIER PL NW WALNUT P T NW

STEPHENSON PL NW 31 WHITTIER ST NW TH ST NW TH ST NW

W W WHITTIER S

30 29 WHITTIER ST NW T

N BINGHA N 28 M RUNNYMEDE PL NW DR NW 3

L 1 VAN BUREN ST NW

TH ST NW P

MORELAND ST NW W

RITTENHOUSE ST NW N H

TH ST NW

T D

7 7 UNDERWOOD PL NW WESTERN AVE NW QUESADA ST NW UNDERWOOD ST NW R LUZON AVE NW H QUESADA ST NW C UNDERWOOD ST NW

TH ST NW N TEWKESBURY PL NW A UNDERWOOD ST NW CHEVY C R H 26 TEWKESBURY PL NW A B CHILLUM PL NW SE PATTERSON ST NW TUCKERMAN ST NW Y P E TUCKERMAN ST NW TUCKERMAN ST NW K OLIVER ST NW N W I OLIVER ST NW SOMERSET PL NW P Y SOMERSET PL NW W BROAD BRANCH RD NW B SHERIDAN ST NE N N

NORTHAMPTON ST NW E W SHERIDAN ST NW BLAIR RD NW A T RITTENHOUS RITTENHOUSE ST NW NORTH DAKOTA AVE NW E S C S KANSAS AVE ENE T N H ROXBORO PL NW N E MCKINLEY ST NW 30 D RITTENHOUSE ST NW D L R F N OR P TH PL NW T NW 2 QUINTANA PL NE BELT RD NW W N DR W W ST S T

N EVEN S

N W QUINTANA PL NW

1 W QUACKENBOS ST NE

T N

MORRISON ST NW 3 N

D S 1 QUACKENBOS ST NW

R LIVINGSTON ST NW S T E

D T W ROCK CREEK FORD RD NW E S N R POWHATAN PL NW

N S N W C

H Y T 2 T

N M

3 T O IS T

3 PEABODY ST NW PEABODY ST NE N J S S

9 S O

T W U R W NW R H S I AVE

BELT RD NW H LEGATION ST NW

N E T W ONEIDA PL NW ONEIDA ST NE

H N 6

T 7 OGLETHORPE ST NW

T ٤

O M MILITARY RD NW 1

BELT RD NW S ND PL NW 2 NDPL

T 7 O

W OGLETHORPE ST NW OGLETHORPE ST NE N W R

2 R S R MISSOURI AVE NW N H O

N W

T D V

H T D

N N SON ST

T OL 9 A H N

R T 3 RD ST NW C N I E W 2ND ST NE S N N E 3 D S N

KANAWHA ST NW T

T I

8 NICHOLSON ST NW

44 N W A W N NICHOLSON ST NW C

2 S MADISON ST NE D

H H

A JOCELYN ST NW L T

R ND PLNW ND TH ST NW JOCELYN ST NW V T MONTAGUE ST NW O

P H

3 E S

L 9

T T S EASTERN AVE NE

4 42

N W

W 2

W 5 R 6 O MARIETTA PL NW D

JENIFER ST NW N N

N JENIFER ST NW I R S W R D MADISON ST NW H S

E L T L 3 G PH N N

E P INGOMAR PL NW RD P E

E E INGOMAR ST NW MADISON ST NW

R D N T

T W N

R D NEW HAMPSHIRE AVE NE INGOMAR ST NW T S E NW N R BLAIR RD NE

D N

HUNTINGTON ST NW T 5TH ST NE A W T W KENNEDY PL NW 1

E N 2 S HARRISON ST NW 1 STPL NW

S N LONGFELLOW ST NW N N KENNEDY ST NE D 1 HARRISON ST NW N W T W I T R S S

N L JEFFERSON ST NE 1 D T

GARRISON ST NW T W GRAMERCY ST NW R N KENNEDY ST NW

N 3 A

TH ST NW N 3 R

D T JEFFERSON ST NW

G W T 34 N JEFFERSON ST NW

N S CHILLUM PL NE

W N FARADAY PL NW S 12

T RIGGS RD NE

T FESSENDEN ST NW N R

4 4TH

S TH ST NE

S D COLORADO AVE NW 2

L INGRAHAM ST NW

1 S N ST AMILTON ST N E

P H NORTH CAPITOL CAPITOL NORTH BNST

H M 3 3RD ST NE ST NE A N W S 4 FESSENDEN ST NW H D A T E O 1 N H ILLINOIS AVE NW R

6 EVERETT ST NW R G S

W E EMERY PL NW 1 T ELLICOTT ST NW N N T 0 I T

N S

3 Y RDST NW A ELLICOTT ST NW N

WESTERN AVE NW T W N O H HAMILTON ST NW L FORT DR NW L

A E RIVER RD NW W G

S N 43

T FARRAGUT PL NW

T 7 GALLATIN ST NE N

S H GALLATIN ST NW DAVENPORT ST NW R 4 R

A T H A

S T L F GU I

N S T FARRAGUT PL NE DAVENPORT ST NW 4 BELT RD NW

N P

T D S 4 CUMBERLAND ST NW E E

H A 4 T

E N N FARRAGUT PL NE

1 N

2 N CHESAPEAKE ST NW N L A W P FARADAY PL NE

T 3 E Y CHESAPEAKE ST NW GRANT RD NW V W TH PL NW N A FARAD 1

FARRAGUT ST NW E E S

N D W 29 EMERSON ST NE

E H

W EMERSON ST NE W R 1ST ST NW N

N W

EMERSON ST NW T BURLINGTON PL NW F

T S O 1 2

BRANDYWINE ST NW H S 28 AVA WAY NE

ASBURY PL NW W

T D 9 R P DELA T DELAFIELD PL NE W L C F NW I E H BRANDYWINE ST NW LAFIELD PL EASTERN AVE NE S N DE T TH ST NW T

T N N

2 T A T

R T

W E

1 O S R T S DELAFIELD PL NW 3 N DELAFIELD PL NW

N DECATUR ST NW N

KANSAS AVE NW

0 T B

BUTTERWORTH PL NW T MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW 4 APPLETON ST NW R

W DECATUR ST NE

H T T E W

4 N T Y TH STNW

N NEBRASKA AVE NW T

T E SARGENT RD NE

E E

W 8 N N

4 N N

36 T E H

ALBEMARLE ST NW 3

N W I S CRITTENDEN ST NE

D S

D T P N ALTON PL NW G

S D L CRITTENDEN ST NW R

S B 1 T CRITTENDEN ST NW

R ALTON PL NW BLAGDEN AVE NW T N

3 TH ST NW N

H 5 E

YUMA ST NW T

T BUCHANAN ST NE AUDUBON TER NW 1

T Y 6 NW 35 7 TH STNE 7 ST 7 JOHN MCCORMACK RD NE U MA T YUMA ST NW S BUCHANAN ST NE

4 BUCHANAN ST NW WARRE 8 WINDOM PL NW WINDOM PL NW DO N IN M H BATES RD NE

H PL N 4 W P L N L IOWA AVE NW W W ALLISON ST NW

T ALLISON ST NE W I N S ND W N S CONNECTICUT AVE NW 7 H 2 T 41 A N WARREN ST NW N T W 6TH PL NE

N 1 5 W ALLISON ST NW E A WISCONSIN AVE NW E R I P W N I ST NWST V W N WARREN ST NW A E E A U TH ST NW W W N T B V T N A E S VEAZEY ST NW ST E

W E E E L R A W S R N 40 L WEBSTER ST NW VICTOR ST NE WEBSTER ST NE H P E T N V S N VERPLANCK PL NW Y N WEBSTER ST NW A

VERPLANCK PL NW 4

T T O E G S T L Y H E 0 T VARNUM ST NW N 8TH ST NE VAN NESS ST NW R N N H P

T VARNUM PL NE 5 N R T

VARNUM ST NW E W A A W VARNUM S 3 STRD NW N

8 VARNUM ST NE I VARNUM ST NE W W W R S CLERMONT DR NE K D H K LN C

4 H O

E 51 VARNUM ST NW

N R T P N T C O

UPTON ST NW A N URELL PL NE 8 TINDALL ST NW THPL NE

N FORT DR NE 9 UPTON ST NW

T SPRINGDALE ST NW 8 KANSAS AVE NW S I TH STNE N A ST ST NW D TH PL NW UPTON ST NW T C L 1

T I

1 A S UPSHUR ST NW R H W O 13

UPSHUR ST NE

L S V 40 T 19

H R W T W N S M SEDGWICK ST NW W N ST N UPSHUR ST NE DE D T TIL TAUSSIG PL NE A R T A N W E

9 N

C D U TAYLOR ST5 NW N H TAYLOR ST NW N N N

4 2 T W K E TAYLOR ST NE T ER D

S TILDEN ST NW W D L S H H I L L R R A RD A TAYLOR ST NE N E H R SIGSBEE PL NE W H SEDGWICK ST NW S 7TH ST NE O N D H

T N F O CRESTWOOD DR NW T C E

8 SHEPHERD ST NW 7 L SHEPHERD ST NE

D I THPL NE T R N

3 S RODMAN ST NW SHEPHERD ST NW U S SPRINGLAND LN NW D E RODMAN ST NW W N H 18

R H N C O EASTERN AVE NE

M E DALECARLIA PL NW E K A W EC R N B S N E T N RANDOLPH ST NW E S 9TH ST NE D U E Q W RODMAN ST NW LAND P RANDOLPH ST NW E H W MICHIGAN AVE NE RANDOLPH ST NE QUEBEC ST NW L 8 L W R R T I O N C AL 17

R W T L S T 9TH ST NW K D S R UNIVERSITY AVE NW H C PERRY PL NE W QUINCY ST NW NW TH PL NE O H

W O H N R V Q N S E UE QUINCY ST NW Y E T W

E W QUEBEC PL NW B L T N R LITTLE FALLS RD NW R WOODWAY LN NW EC T NW K W P 4 PORTER ST NW S S HAREWOOD RDNE

W P PR G N QUINCY ST NE T IN N 2 L I N H S

O N C

N T W A SPRING RD NW R Y O BR MARSHALL DR NW A RR T PERRY PL S EY D P E K IN N

NBROOK RD N P ST NE ND W R E W S OGDEN ST NW

L W

ORDWAY ST NW ORTON ST NW D G H G D N OAK ST NW PERRY ST NE PERRY ST NE N N N R

A T

N R L P H OT W N 22 CLARA BARTON PKWY NW H L QUEBEC PL NW NEBRASKA AVE NW IG IS I D

0 W T LOUGHBORO RD NW O N T

H TH STNE W T PL

1 S H 0 IDE TER N OTIS ST NE

N C S I S W N ST PL NE

3 S

N 26 E PRINCETON PL NW 18

K T W SON S D W T T N M I NW NEWARK ST NW L W R A W W A NEWARK ST H I N NEW MEXICO AVE NW N OTIS PL NW L N W N 15 31 L G E

T L O N IDAHO AVE NW M TH ST NE SOUTH DAKOTA AVE NE W A OTIS PL NW P T WARDER ST NW 9 E

O O W K N R TH ST NE S I S I W O D 2 L NEWTON DST NW N D P 17 LN NW ۳ A I K I NW A PARK PL NW L W L

W TH STNW NEWTON ST NE W N W N N OTIS P

P E MICHIGAN AVE NE Y N 9 N W G N P N TH ST NE L W L W

T 1 G N 36 W N L L TH STNE

MACOMB ST NW P NEWARK ST NW MACOMB ST NW L O T MONROE ST NW H 6 E T IN T R NEWTON PL NW P R A

S S T

D T S CHESTNUT ST NE W SHERMAN AVE NW N NW K 20 S B PL B W N T N N H S W W

W N E N E A M LL SUTTO N N P LOWE H T H S R O N MONROE ST NE M G U I O T S

L T C LOWELL ST NW C LOWELL ST NW N

A HOLMEAD PL NW

O PARK RD NW

D 8

P T

T T M WOO 9 I DLE E Y R 1

O D 1 LAWRENCE ST NE

S NW M BRENTWOOD RD NE KLINGLE ST NW W N R G

MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW D MORTON ST NW VIN S M W IR T

N W

B E

TH ST NW R H

W N MONROE ST NW N

A L LAMONT ST NW N

T 3 T E

KLINGLE ST NW N C L 12 A KEARNY ST NE 38

4 3

T P I

3 A A W S SHERIER PL NW CATHEDRAL AVE NW KEARNY ST NE TH ST NE

H KLINGLE RD NW D 35

S V T W C N KENYON ST NW FORT PL NE THAYER ST NE T O A

H E R L T MYRTLE AVE NE N T KILBOURNE PL NW TH ST NE

T CATHEDRAL AVE NW HOSPITAL CENTER DR NW JACKSON ST NE N P GEORGIA AVE NW

T W 7 CLINTON ST NE

W L

N CHAIN BRG NW W L KENYON ST NW

E VISTA ST NE ARIZONA AVE NW 3 N GLOVER DR NW IRVING ST W N EARL PL NE

P CAROLINA PL NW N CATHEDRAL AVE NW 2

T W

H E N 13 W MACARTHUR BLVD NW 7 NG ST NW

N IRVI

H R N

T R MILLS AVE NE CENTRAL AVE NE

4 H 14 E T TH ST NE CARLTON AVE NE E H O

D R T

T 4 DORSETT PL NW 4 T B 7 TH STNE

W S N A IRVING ST NE TH ST NE 4 R BELAIR PL NE T 8 TH STNE S ST NW

T Y T

2 N

T M

T H

S E E RD PL NW W 3 I GARFIELD ST NW GARFIELD ST NW I HAMLIN ST NE

E HAMLIN ST NE

T W T

R N HOBART PL NW C T N N N WOODLEY PL NW N H HAMLIN ST NE

S W S

L U S W 5 U N T 33 I

W RHODE ISLAND AVE NE P L

P G T V S R W 2 N D

W W W H E N A

H T E H N S

N H S E CLEVELAND AVE NW R N ARVARD H

N E GIRARD ST NE

S N

T N V T L TH STNE

W O T N L L U P A T I GARFIELD ST NW MIT O V GIRARD ST NE S M N

H 0 S

L L G E 8

N N

L T T I R NW O W FULT 3 A GIRARD ST NE

3 T

26 E U MU A N 2 N P D T ST NW E D S M C H T

S W

FULTON S B GIRARD ST NE O

T S GIRARD ST NW S

W 2 M

H N S

H FRANKLIN ST NE W L T WOODLEY RD NW N M 5 NW

T ST ST NW T D H W E P N M GIRAR O T H L R 3 U GIRARD X S NW 4 A

T P T 9 P D W A FRANKLIN ST NE PL N E T E R TH PLNW FRANKLIN ST NE N H 3 O

5 D D W 2 R

6 D E TH STNE N R T E E D O I I E

3 A 36 O COLUMBIA RD NW V 5 EVARTS ST NE R D N EVARTS ST NE N J 10 A O E 3 L L FULLER ST NW FAIRMONT ST NW T PL N E S DANA PL NW L E E ٥C EVARTS ST NE S H A R D 1 G R N EVARTS ST NE H P L S N IL 3 UA

DAVIS ST NW H N E A BA D I TH STNE T TUNLAW RD NW D E N R W T N I ND ST NW T DOUGLAS ST NE

N ONTARIO PL NW EUCLID ST NW TH STNE E N N S R D CALVERT ST NW DOUGLAS ST NE Y 9TH ST NW S B DAVIS PL NW R Y I SBERR D 28

M 1 Y N T E N N C R 6TH ST NW 26 42 N C T I N M M 30 A N N QUEENS CHAPEL RD NE 3 C P V G E O ۱ A G D O S F E H W I W EUCLID ST NW I H C A L R G L BRYANT ST NE TH ST NE L E 17 S O CALVERT ST NW N N D N M L A RT LINCO L R L I LL CHAMPLAIN ST NW W H G T N T A N E S CHANNING ST NE E A N I ER T N R A O N E

D T T 14 W N R T N A W TH STNW R E ST ST NW S A W N

S CLIFTON ST NW 4

N BILTMORE ST NW CHANNING ST NW S A T TH ST NE

R 25 V O T W N

W E 41 1

E T

W E

T N I H H W D 5 S

N O TH

N BRYANT ST NE T S M N S

T BRYANT ST NE

U R 24 T

A H E L M MINTWOOD PL NW BRYANT ST NE R K

L 9 N CHAPIN ST NW D T I R L T EDGEVALE TER NW

H P D O W E ST NW S P 3 NW TH PL NE PL NE W LEG

P A AVE OL ASCOT PL NE S S

T D DA C R I T E V R 13

1 N O NE G L 7 L AMES P H G F K RD PL NE I BENTON PL NW H H BENTON ST NW W ADAMS ST NE TH ST NE 3 N N N 3 S D BARRY PL NW N T R ADAMS ST NW

T O A T

T 33 I T W BELMONT ST NW ADAMS ST NE E 0 R 8 S P N N

4 BRYANT ST NW E O W D 1 4 D L M H R TUNLAW RD NW N

U N L N

T N 4TH ST NW W ST NE E W PL NE W ST NW E P W 5TH ST NW W ST NE M N L 9 W B W ST NW ASHBY ST NW O L N LAWRENCE AVE NE W W P 4 R N

W W ST NW N W ST NW W ST NW W ST NE E N E

D V T R L A N V ST NW RD ST NE R W V ST NE

N W S

2 A TH ST NW E W ST NW N ID

T V ST NW T 3 KALORAMA RD NW R V ST NW N BRENTWOOD RD NE WHITEHAVEN ST NW L W W PL NW 33 N O D R S

10 G

T O L D V ST NW R V ST NE

F E

S A UHLAND TER NE

M H

V ST NW V ST NE L L S N

W GHWO E SEATON ST NW T ST N I O F 1 3 T 5 TH STNE H H D B 4 ELM ST NW U ST NW U ST NE 6T E U WYOMING AVE NW S H N 6 MONTANA AVE NE D L

1 I W P

C 1 L T N T R VERNON ST NW U ST NW U ST NW U ST NE R

PKWY NW N A N W 1 E L T H V W V ST NW HA C Y PL NW TODD PL NE 7 E RD N

A W Y S E N W E L N E U N T N T

I T S E O P

H W A S WILLARD ST NW H N H T THOMAS ST NW D W CAROLINE ST NW W IA T ST NW TODD PL NE T ST NE T S T T ST NE L G A N T CALIFORN N E L

S T ST NW H T ST NW I N 2ND ST NW

L E R N

T T R E A E FENWICK ST NE H S P

5 T ST NE N D

S LINCOLN RD NE V

D T I S

T ST NW VERMONT AVE NW

3 R

N R S ST NW D SWANN ST NW SEATON PL NW FAIRVIEW AVE NE E 9 A T OKIE ST NE N

W H E LN

B W KEY H LEROY PL NW TH ST NW HIC R R O 3

N S D SEATON PL NE

T BANCROFT PL NW N E

H N SWANN ST NW 9TH ST NE HUTCHINS PL NW D R O

W F 5 12 S ST NW N W S ST NE S ST NE KENDALL ST NE I

H S ST NW L

T S ST NE T

N 3 W N

N T E 15 L

S TH STNE S W N O

Y 8 S ST NW D C

W TH ST NE

3 R H DECATUR PL NW RANDOLPH PL NE 24 R ST NW S S TH ST NW N QUARL

W T

T TH STTH NW W

MO 32 P TH PL NW 0 O

N N R 0 RIGGS ST NW RAND PL NE

H E W W FLORIDARANDOLPH AVE NW PL NW N T RHODE ISLAND AVE NW E D D R R LOVERS LN NW 19 N 1

E 2 A

T B

47 37 N N R ST NW S R ST NE E PONDS ST NE ND ST NW

K M 8 MOUN N ES 4 Y

S T

L T W

RESERVOIR RD NW H A R ST NE EL G 4 L

S P O IP

T ST N N

D NE H R S T QUINCY PL NE W A R L LE

L 7 E

T I A

N D H

MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW T V Z W S

NEW HAMPSHIRE AVE1 NW A HILLYER PL NW W NEW YORK AVE NE E

8 CORCORAN ST NW WARNER ST NW O E R E

O A S N

DENT PL NW N T N

1 T

N D E V Q ST NE M R MILL RD NW I D D

W N

SALEM LN NW A O T P N R FOXHALL RD NW N DOUGLAS ST NE Q ST NW P Q ST NW PENN ST NE CRAIG ST NE E N Q ST NW H O L

N S A

NEW JERSEY AVE NW E L

W I T CHURCH ST NW VERMONT AVE NW 3 RDST NW BATES ST NW I N N C Q ST NW T Y

R HARR W H H

S A D T Y CHURCH ST NW H E W EAST PL NW K W W M S C

N 1 I

E OLTA R T

PL M W N P ST NE V H SIMMS PL NE H POLK ST NE Q PL NW N Y W Q

T I U N W

C T P ST NW T

T K RAUM ST NE AVE NE

O 8 P P ST NW P ST NW NEAL PL NE Z A

L S E

I T C E S MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW AVE NE R A 2 A R WEST VIRGINIA AVE NE N L TH OLIVE ST NE E

K E S R P ST NW M 9 TH ST NW V S E D N K H O O ST NW O ST NW A TH ST

W T R

D W

P W O ST NW

P ST NW O A 4 L R O ST NE MORSE ST NE ORD ST NE P

O ST NW N

N P

N W N I

W O E T N

T CRABTREE RD NE 3

T &

CANAL RD NW T HANOVER PL NW S

S S NASH ST NE T O O O ST NW K DUMBARTON ST NW N ST NW E C NASH ST NE KENILWOR

E S R

M H H A

NORTH RD NW H E FLORIDA AVE NE N O KENILWOR E D NE N

T O D T R N ST NW N ST NW N ST NE 2ND ST NE N NASH ST NE A D D Y A

R R EN LE E 7

E 6 E D VAL E C N I RON MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW N

C E

2 MARNE PL NE 3

N V N

W 2 C E

LIBRARY WALK NW N S W A K RIDGE ST NW T

JEFFERSON PL NW VERMONT AVE NW W

N N E T PROSPECT ST NW D N

C L S

T O

L NC E H

I N S W R

T M ST NE M ST NE MEADE ST NE L T

O S N

N T N H

N T N

S P T R

G TH PL NE

R H

S M ST NW W

T M ST NW T TRINIDAD AVE NE E MEADE ST NE

S L O

S R T

T T

D LY MAN PL NE

P S ORLEANS PL NE

U W 47

0 S N

S JAY ST NE S

H S

RCE ST NE MONTELLOOATES AVE NE ST NE 4 L

R 1

H PIE L

LANE PL NE LEE ST NE B E T I 5 T W E

1 T

3 T

T H S W MORTON PL NE 6 N

S E

N S 5 S DE SALES ST NW PIERCE ST NW

2 E 0 EN

W S T

W NEW YORK AVE NW 1 N

N 1ST PL NW 1 L

R S K 3

N 1 9

1 T E N T

N LANG PL NE H

W P

E NEAL ST NE TH ST NE

T 3

2 NE KANE PL NE

5 H W D

S L ST NW L ST NE I T

T F

E T HOLBROOK ST NE W S A

H N WATER ST NW MORSE ST NE 9 H

U W 45 S L ST NW

S L ST NW L ST NW H L ST NW L L ST NE HAYES ST NE

R T

E DELAWARE AVE NE

H KENT PL NE S NEW HAMPSHIRE AVE NWT B

N T

T W W J 5 NE D H

E R H F F H T T RIF

E S H W 2 S 4 N

N N T

Y T

5 N

N S

W 1

T K ST NW MT VERNON PL NW K ST NW 9

0 S

5 1 L

T T A

W 4 JUST ST NE

H 2

2 P

S S E P

H M K ST NE K ST NE

T 1

E N

D 4 O

H H H

T K ST NW E

9 N

2 R

T T

H T

ST STST NE

S N

1 I ST NW 4 ST NW

6 5 T I ST NE

JAMES PL NE

T PENNSYLVANIA AVE NW 5 STAPLES ST NE S ORREN ST NE L 4

4 JAY ST NE

S H 21 / 1 I ST NW I ST NW MARYLAND AVEI ST NE NE P I ST NW

T WYLIE ST NE D 2

I ST NW 9 TH STNE

TH STNE W

W H H 0 HUNT PL NE N TH STNE

E E TH PL NE

N TH STNE 2 N N

1 W I ST NW 3 RD ST NW PL NE FRANCIS SCOTT KEY BRG NW I ST NW H ST NW H ST NE

HUNT PL NE

H ST NE 20 E

0 0 T N 5

N JAY ST NE

T V 26

W 48

5 48

E P T A HAYES ST NE

S T

E N H ST NW LINDEN PL NE H

E N BARNES ST NE BENNETT PL NE S A FOOTE ST NE E NE Y NEW YORK AVE NW S A E MINNESOTA AVE NE

ES ST NE

H H ST NW

T N I

N V

T VIRGINIA AVE NW A

T KENILWORTH TER NE N

H N

T O

W G PL NE A

S I

T H

T E S H

S E PARKSIDE

T E

S BENNING RD NE L T

N S T E

S N

4 B

1 D N

E U 8 K GAULT PL NE D G PL NW G ST NE

S R H O

G ST NW N R

E O G ST NE 2 UGHS AVE NE

N H GRANT ST NE

R N C G ST NW

E G ST NW T

W G ST NW C D GALES ST NE E

W TH PL NE

T 2 MORRIS PL NE H T KRAMER ST NE

3 P A

A N R

E A AVE NE

J FIELD PL NE T N

T F G ST NW

54 N S ROSEDALE ST NE

H N

T 1 1

T E

S EASTERN AVE NE FOOTE ST NE S T L

FOOTE ST NE H A T

E S T NW S N

V N

F ST NW S R P T I R KENILWORTH

I C

H S O

T U S S

T TH STNE

6 H E H M B 1 E

H T

T D

E TH STNE

H U A WORTH F ST NW F ST NW F ST NE 5 L T

T F ST NE E 4 S L N T

7 TH ST NW N

U EMERALD ST NE S ACKER ST NE H FOOTE ST NE T 9

N T IL

W 1 E

O 5

12 N 7

5 E

T 56

C C 4 L 4 N

7 H

1 TH ST NE T FITCH PL RD PL NE

P 4 E DIVISION AVE NE 1 F ST NE

T S KEN E ST NE E EADS PL NE

S N

E ST NW X W V

H 3 24

E EXPY N H W B 23 A EADS ST NE

S TH PL NE

H E

1 W

EADS ST NE D

E ST NW E ST NE T EADS PL NE

S E EXPY NW T ISHERWOOD ST NE

M T

MARYLAND AVE NE DUNCAN PL NE N

H 8

T O 50

N 4

H DIX ST NE T 5 E A E

4 T 2 S

L E S EADS ST NE

K E

E 9

8 E ST NW 4 N

A N E O

E AVE NW S N D ST NW

2 N 3 D ST NE

S N N D ST NW

E E A E

/ N T N T DIX ST NE

T T

A W N

L T E

I T 1 DIX ST NE

D ST NW S CLAY PL NE

D E L S

S S

N TH STNE

N T PENNSYLVANIA AVEI NW S ITU C ST NE S CLAY ST NE

T E

P S T N

I N T

A N

H S TH STNE E

W S CLAY PL NE

T 2

H N 1 S H

59 T TH STNE

H DIX ST NE

T E

N L

H H

T N C ST NW L N

O S 1 C ST NE T

C ST NE TH STNE

T S

T E 7 60

T P

E N BROOKS ST NE

8 TH STNE T T

C P A 4 5

T NE L 5

T 58

D R

L 8 0 V R D 3 C ST NW 3

T C ST NW 13

3 S H

I 1 S

1 E E E H P S 1 2 R

T E

S T 9 TH STNE

D T PARK ST NE T 2

N 3 T H RD ST NE C

4 2 N LAY ST NE 7 W N

E BN N

E T S 66 H

I 1 N BAKER ST NE TH STNE

N 1

DELAWARE AVE NE TH STNE

N N 4 ۲ CLAY PL NE H T 1 O D N 53 H STST NE D

6 I LOUISIANA AVE NW B 5

T TH ST NE 4 T O 7 INTERSTATE BLAINE ST NE R

T 19

L TH PL NE

47 W

S TH ST NE D S 61

E S P

W CONSTITUTION AVE NE E 56

N TH ST NE

R ALDEN PL NE BLAINE ST NE T BLAINE ST NE 56

5 N

N TH ST NE R

N H N

H W TH ST NE H

Y 36

N T

T O

T T

TENNESSEE AVE NE T

T P TH PL NE 3 A ST NE AMES ST NE 35 45 0

6 6

S M

S X

4 A ST NE 4

57 E A NORTH CAROLINA AVE NE T

A TH STNE

T MES ST NE AMES ST NE H C

A T

H MADISON DR NW SOUTHERN AVE NE Y

1 40 T 7 EAST CAPITOL ST NE

4 4 T EAST CAPITOL ST BN EAST CAPITOL ST BN S

2 53

E S 5

T E

R E E 1 HENRY BACON DR NW EAST CAPITOL ST BN

S E 8

E S 55

S S

T RD PL SE

S 2 E 56 E E TH ST SE

S S A AYERS PL SE

T T

S 2 JEFFERSON DR SW S S T

N T MASSACHUSETTS AVE SE S N Y S S TH PL SE S S

I H S

T 5 S T D W T S BENNING RD SE 56 T E H T A ST SE A ST SE F 7

D S H H S E S T

H C 7 W S E A ST SE B T T T T S

TH STSE A S E E T TH ST SE

5 T

1 TH ST SW TH STSE A ST SE

S D I H 4 7 N

3 A

T T N D 37 S T SE 13

15 T R

17 S 9 2 B ST SE R S ASTOR PL SE A P

MARYLAND AVE SW S 2 NDST SE INDEPENDENCE AVE SE 2 TH PL SE B ST SE L 1 O E L

٦ A P A S C L TH ST SE

T WALTER ST SE I S V E INDEPENDENCE AVE SW BAY ST SE A E SEWARD SQ SE T S C ST SE E SE CROFFUT PL SE 49 N B ST SE

1 S W W NEW JERSEY AVE SE BURKE ST SE C ST SE A

W S C ST SW C ST SE C ST SE

C ST SW S

S B

E ARLINGTON MEMORIAL BRG SW M C ST SE CO T SEWARD SQ SE E TH ST S BASS PLB STSE SE V T C ST SW URBANK C ST SW A CHAPLIN A A 3 BASS PL SE

S S L S C ST SE

A W N I DUBOIS PL SE 7 C ST SE I SOUTH CAROLINA AVE SE 50 R 1 W 6 TH ST SW D ST SW 3 N T A O D ST SW H T D A 0 E M S

E T H E 7 SE

V S S E N

W D ST SW M I E CALL PL SE

R D ST SE D ST SE TH STSE

T 3 H G A H G E T 2 S D ST SE S T S D ST SW I S H N T H

۷ 1

S V T I I D ST SE S ST A E

T TH ST SW

W E S S P

N A 14 T D ST SE V T S S

S L E 5

T P

S H

T G E

S Y D ST SE S 1 ST ST SE S EL PL SE M W W E S ST SE

1 12 H

T SE T SE S

T T S

E E RD S

S H

O H M H QUEENS STROLL PL SE

E ST SW T

W 6

E ST SE T ELY PL SE T N O T TH 4 TH ST SW

W 53

R S KENTUCKY AVE SE

S 9

H R 2 B 7 TH STSE

E ST SE

S E ST SW E ST SE 4 3 E

T E ST SE L I 1 54

A H V H S ANACOSTIA FWY SE 3

FRONTAGE RD SW S 0 D L Y

E ST SE T E

1 TH STSE

E E ST SE 46

P 8

T S P 6 V F ST SE W X A K S E S POTOMAC AVE SE W 11

W SOUTHERN AVE SE S S TH PL SE F ST SE H T A Y 2T F ST SE H X

S F ST SE S R 1 E ST ST SE G ST SW T

W T 4 D 9 INTE H RSTA 6 51 G TE 69 G ST SE G ST SE ADRIAN ST SE FITCH ST SE N 5 T W I I T

E S MAINE AVE SW BN 5 M A H ST SW H B I ST SE S E F M EAS T IN O S H ST SW T T R G ST SE O ER I T T HANNA PL SE R W S V S D R TA E S I U B G S S TE S U A W W I ST SE I ST SE A P D E E VIRGINIA6 9AVE SE MINNESOTA AVE SE P HILLTOP TER S E L B E 5 L SE

E S

I N O M B P I ST SW V N N S A 2

E B T E H ST SE K E

H A E BAYLEY PL SE HANNA PL SE ST ST ST SE T U W S 3

S T S K ST SW K ST SE

S C W R

D Y E E D O N S

T 31

T L V H R S R R S K ST SE L K ST SE S CROISSANT PL SE 4

P S

T E S T

W T A B S W 5

S 6 S S T M S S E T

P H

A D A

D W SOUTHE P T 1

L ST SE L H T E

T T

A N L ST SW N L ST SE 5 E D L ST SE S S

S E

L S

R 2 S P 2

R E VD M ST SE S E N BL L

T 3 F T NELSON PL SE

I SOUTHEAS M ST SE E T NASH PL SE LOUD PL SE D

S S

S E

A E

S HILLSIDE RD SE

BUCKEYE DR SW M ST SW I S

H T

W S

U S POOR ST SE EASY PL SE S

A T

1 N ST SE

BURNS ST SE M ST SE S

H N

T I TH ST SW TINGEY ST SE C SE H REED TER SE BRANCH AVE SE

S 2

H A D T MASSACHUSETTS AVE SE H N 14 CANAL ST SW AC R RIDGE RD SE 1 OS IA O T 4

U ROCHAMBEAU BRG SW WATER ST SE L E L N

T 3 Y N ST SW N ST SE P L N ST SE S N ST SE S A S N ST SE

O F O L Q

N T

T NASH PL SE WATER ST SE SE N S POPE ST SE N A HALF ST SW ST HALF S U E S ASH PL SE S E T O ST SE E T '

N PL SE V S S S 1 D N E L

3 H R O ST SW E AR D G BURNS ST SE SIC T A STANLEY ST SE E S O ST SW O ST SW O ST S 0 TI S O ST SE O ST SW E 1 S T O S PALMER PL SE P ST SW AC P ST SE E BECK ST SE N NASH ST SE A E P ST SE

S PARSONS AVESE FAIRLAWN AVE SE POPE ST SE

S H BARKER ST SE

A ST SW 17 NAYLOR RD SE T PARK PL SE I

T Q ST SE E W S G

Q ST SW Q ST SE S

S TH PL SE S

H E E T V H CARPEN ER S

W B ST SW A H L W T

T S S 4

E C T P S E O

A TH STSE 1

T O

M E S

E 2 E S T 33

T O D S T 1

S T E

19 S

O T E

S P D S E RD PL SE

R S 1

T H

S T E S S

TH STSE TH PL SE

2 V T E R ST SW S R ST SE T

S T

A S

N 5 S

S 30 H S 28 PENNSYLVANIA AVE SE T S

2 2 TH STSE A T E RIDGE PL SE R E RIDGE PL SE T 8 T X 8 S ST SW S ST SE S ST SE D E S D

7 3

6 R 29 T S VE R N

1 1 O S D E T 2 T ST S S

E 4 TH PL SE X E E S A W I E T ST SE S AVE SE E V T U ST SE T ST SE S S S

24 A

W D W GOOD HOPE RD SE T T ST SW T S L T ST SW TH ST SE

S S R I P

T PL SE R D O V

E E 3 W 13 3 F A T

S FORT DAVIS PL SE D S

A U ST SE

A 1

T T

1 ST AVESW S ST SE TH AVE SW AVE 5 TH 36 U PL SE PARK DR SE 4

D S R H W F ANACOSTIA DR SW U ST SE U ST SE TH PL SE T O N S O

3RD AVE SW H F 4 R 36 2 TH ST SE S D 34 T I

1 V ST SE E L R TH ST SE

L E 40

B C S TH ST SE TH ST SE S

S S 3 OHIO DR SW H E A E V ST SW S V PL SE L 6 N O S T

MAPLE VIEW VALLEYPL SE PL SE 15 K T L T I W L SHANNON PL SE P

W ST SE S

P D P H B A

T E R TH STSE T P B N R N L B O A FENDALL ST SE H R S I S D 5 D CEDAR ST SE S S O N D 29 L T E E D ST SW 38 E R N B R 1 N R ALTAMONT PL SE T T D A 8 S SU

A 3 I

2 E G E E TL T H A S L 1 A E E

S S S R 3 R N S ND E T S W ST SE S E T T R SOUTHERN AVE SE T S T D

S N T S T S S

I E 1 E E ST SW S E 3 H AUSTIN ST SE H SUMNER RD SE T

T E

6 3 S

FIRTH STERLING AVE SE SW 1 TH ST SE BANGOR ST SE T D EATON RD SE BANGOR ST SE R STEVENS RD SE M 24 S SHERIDAN RD SE E N S O S SO R K E D T D R Y S 36 A L N R IS AND SE W P L T 2 TH PL SE N HOWARD RD RSE S E HIGH ST SE D 3 OW R CAMDEN ST SE B S E E

E S V W MITSCHER RD SW N E DENVER ST

T E S SW D D S S

O AINGER PL SE S E 34

R R U T D W D S TH ST SE IC G FORT PL SE H Y K L WADE RD SE T T AS E ERIE ST SE E ERIE ST SE S R H

D S 5 R S T

E 2

H L 9

O P 2 E FRANKFORD ST SE BIRNEY PL SE D S N E

D A S T THOMAS RD SW W R DR R Y 8 A S DUNBAR RD SE Y T S O L E 1 D P R O S CE OM E TH ST SE D GAINESVILLE ST SE R 28 T R S E R S D D 1 S R HARTFORD S T 3 N E AN S ND PKWY S I L V S LA SE S TA IT E E B N U LANGSTON PL SE T S RD PL SE KNO B O X W N T O S 23 R E R R D D

V S L A S S IRVING ST SE J E E B SH S E A E S T PINE ST SE T S S S P N ER E W E H F L S S

T I P 2 T E L SE

E 0 L 2 D C 23 O 2 W U N S BR D RD ST SE BOUNDARY RD SW T S TH PL SE E

E S 12 S TOB R S H IAS D T BRUCE STI SE R S E PPE D E W N LN SE O O D DR SE TUBMAN RD SE E 2ND ST SE L S E E SAVANNAH PL SE CT NEWCOMB ST SE BA S T MELLON STU SE ES O M T CR E S E W A S S K T DG T S W TH PL SE 18 I S S N OAK DR SE O R H E A A T ORA O N N 15 TH ST SE SAVANNAH TER SE N 2 S G D C SAVA R E S E 2 T P N

E S E N PI T S D MACDILL BLVD SW A S D E E O S G W CONGRESS PL SE T S N E S W S T B S O E O KISLING S Y D S E T S T T E D R PL S

S S W A V ON E S MALCOLM X AVE SE NT A TRE 1 W

L 2

R E J O Y O O S K 7 TH STSE 8TH ST SE C

E T G D I T R L IN 8 TH STSE P S ALABAMA AVE SE S G K 1 E

N A R E 5

A H L C H E T 1 T TH PL SE LU T S 11 N 2 H H TI SAVANNAH ST SE 3 T T T 14 R 1 S TH PL SE H S A E S S U RE 10 T M S G O N CASTLE AVE SW S CO S

S T T

TH PL SE E S

LUKE AVE SW E

ARNOLD AVE SW H

TINKER ST SW S

W 5

S T

S S

E Y

V A MARCH LN SW H A ۸ T

W UPSAL ST SE 6

R E CHAPPIE JAMES BLVD SW H E BLANCHARD DR SW S P V L BROOKLEY AVE SW O L 2ND ST SE

O T P

D DUNCAN AVE SW S E R N

A W

R W R I O LM VALLEY AVE SE SOUTHERN AVE SE I H AIRMAN WAY SW N E L ST S GT EY ST S EL W ON N E 13 NG PL R S A SE A L TH ST SE V P ER HL E A WHEELERW RD SE

TYNDALL ST SW S

12 8TH OVERLOOK AVE SW

I BN R S TH ST SE E

H T

A 295 S 9TH ST SE Y

R E

T E Z L FOXHALL PL SE D L XENIA ST SE E R SW A MISSISSIPPI AVE SE S

H T YUMA ST SE YUMA ST SE S 1ST ST SW 2ND ST SW E C GIOVANNOLI ST SW U H INTERSTATE ATLANTIC ST SW CONDON TER SE V E AN W L S E UTE PL L

S E ATLANTIC ST SE B

S H 4 TH STSE BRANDYWINE ST SE R

T BARNABY ST SEDR SE

1 CHESAPEAKE ST SE SAPEAKE ST S W E MCGUIRE AVE SW CHE E S

S T

S DANBURY ST SE T E 8TH ST SE S H S

DANBURY ST SW T H 7 D

T R 3 L R 6 Y BELLEVUE DR SW DARRINGTON ST SW I V D B A M I ELMIRA ST SE N S N

A G T R R ELMIRA ST SW S S A

T T E B I N O

KEELRD SW GALVESTON PL SE FORRESTER ST SW N BE L YE R TAYLOR ST SW R RD SW U T D H S E E Legend R CARGO GRN SW K GALVESTON ST SW V I AN 1ST ST SW KUREN AVE SW N

SMITH ST SW G

LABORATORY RD SW J COOLEY AVE SW R

A F V OLLEY AVE SW E D SW W R S H W S R NORT E W RIMET S T PE S Y ET W LI K JO AERATION RD SW P

Interstate D

R CAREER AVE SW E R D H E P C S N E A W BLUE PLAINS DR SW NTE N H MAI S

SOL ID S W R S D S D N W R B T P S 5 E A 9 R E 2 W IM S R E LN Other Freeway and Expressway E E T E T T A AG E E L T IL R M S V I R DC S R E O E T P U N I T H R D S W Principal Arterial

Minor Arterial

Collector

Local INTERSTATE

3-7 3.4 DRIVEWAYS 3.4.1 WIDTH Private Property Zoning regulations do not apply to public space. However, they do include driveway width and parking space location requirements that have an impact on the location of curb cuts and driveways Sidewalk Elevation Across Driveway in public space.

In the zoning regulations, the minimum width for a driveway on private property serving a single family residential unit or some other single parking space is 8 feet and driveways serving all other uses or more than one parking space must be a minimum of 12 feet wide for one-way circulation and 20 feet wide for two-way circulation. The maximum width for a driveway is 24 feet (DCMR 11- 711.5 and 711.6). In the zoning regulations if two or more row dwellings are constructed concurrently on adjacent The elevation of the sidewalk where it crosses the lots, every two row houses shall have adjacent, joint driveways that share one driveway opening. driveway should be level with the adjacent sidewalk. The width of each driveway shall not exceed 7 feet on each lot (DCMR 11-711.5). Public Space DDOT’s Design and Engineering Manual specifies that all commercial curb cuts shall be a minimum of 10 feet wide for one-way traffic and 24 feet wide for two-way traffic. Residential curb cuts should have a minimum 9 foot width within the public space area, and the driveway apron should be flared (Type D, DDOT Standards Drawing) or have a maximum radius of 6 feet. The drive-way apron for commercial driveways should also have a maximum radius of 6 feet (DEM 31.5.2). The maximum width for all driveways is 24 feet. If any driveway is wider than 24 feet, then a pedestrian island that is 6 feet wide must be provided between driveways. This pedestrian island must be paved as sidewalk, match existing sidewalk material, and have a curb at the roadway that prevents vehicles from entering or exiting the driveway by crossing the pedestrian island. The curb must have a 3 foot radius at the street. The pedestrian island continues within the public space from The maximum curb radius for all driveways is 6 feet. the back edge of the sidewalk to the property line. No vehicles may cross this area and it may be landscaped (DEM 31.5.2).

3-8 3.4.2 LOCATION Zoning regulations require that a driveway serving any use be a minimum of 20 feet from a street intersection, as measured from the intersection of the curb line extended. (DCMR 11 -711.5) The DEM states that no driveway entrance or exit shall be closer than 60 feet to a street intersection (DEM-31.5.5). The minimum acceptable distance between the edge line of a driveway and the edge line of an adjacent driveway or alley is 24 feet, as measured along the roadway curb between the near edge lines of the driveway or alley. Commercial driveways must be at least 8 feet from the adjacent property line extended (DEM 31.5.5).

Circular driveways with a “U” shape, accessed through 3.4.3 DESIGN a driveway on a 90-degree angle to the street, are one of two kinds allowed in the District. Driveway paving materials shall continue the paving color and texture of the adjoining sidewalk across the driveway as an indication to drivers that they are crossing a pedestrian pathway (DEM-31.5). 3.4.4 NUMBER OF DRIVEWAYS FOR BUSINESSES Businesses abutting on one street shall be limited to two driveways, and businesses abutting on two or more streets shall be limited to three driveways (DEM 31.5). 3.4.5 CIRCULAR DRIVEWAYS Regulations permit two types of circular driveways: one parallel to the street and accessed through a driveway on a 60-degree angle to the street, and the second with a “U” shape driveway and accessed on a 90-degree angle to the street. The point where curb cuts for circular driveways intersect the curb must be located a minimum of 8 feet from the property line extended (DEM-31.5.1). Driveways that cross sidewalks must be flush with the grade of the sidewalk. Parking is prohibited on circular driveways except in the case of detached single family dwellings (DCMR 18-2411.22).

3.4.6 GRADING No step-down curbs or ADA ramps are allowed at driveways. All driveways must be flush with the grade of the sidewalk when crossing the pedestrian clear zone (DEM-31.5.1).

Access to off-street parking is preferably from an alley or shared driveway. 3-9 3.4.7 DOWNTOWN STREETSCAPE DRIVEWAY REGULATIONS Driveways in the area covered by the Downtown Streetscape Regulations have additional requirements. A map of the area covered by these regulations is on page 3-5. Access to loading and parking facilities in the Downtown Streetscape Area shall be from an alley whenever possible (DCMR 24-1110.1(b)). On certain streets of the Downtown Streetscape Area, curb cuts and driveways shall be approved only if the applicant demonstrates that there is no other means or method of providing vehicular access to the property (DCMR 24-1110). Streets Located in the Downtown Streetscape Area with Curb Cut Restrictions (DCMR 24-1110.1(d)):

• F Street, NW, between 7th Street and 15th Street • G Street, NW, between 7th Street and 15th Street • 7th Street, NW, between Pennsylvania Avenue and Massachusetts Avenue Whenever possible, access to off-street parking • 8th Street, NW, between Pennsylvania Avenue and Massachusetts Avenue should be provided from an alley. • 10th Street, NW, between Pennsylvania Avenue and H Street Driveway Design (DCMR 24-1110.2) The design of a driveway shall fulfill the following requirements:

• Driveways and their aprons shall be poured concrete and flush with the grade of the sidewalk; • A driveway shall be a minimum width of 12 feet and a maximum width of 25 feet; • The radius for curb returns for driveways shall be 6 feet; • There must be a minimum 6 foot wide pedestrian safety island between driveways that are more than 24 feet wide. This pedestrian island shall match the same material used for the sidewalk and have a 3 foot radius at the curb of the street; • All alleys are required to have a minimum width of 20 feet and radius at curb shall be 10 feet. • Driveways shall not be located within 16 feet of another driveway or alley; • A driveway shall be at least 8 feet from the adjacent interior property line; Driveways shall be designed to avoid vehicle • A driveway shall be at least 40 feet from the point of the intersection of two street curbs (Note: the backing and vehicle waiting within the street. 40 foot dimension applies to the Downtown Streetscape Area only. For the rest of the District this distance is 60 feet. (DEM 31.5.5); • Driveways shall be designed to avoid vehicle backing and vehicle waiting within the street; • Where the driveway provides access to a parking facility, the driveway shall provide a sufficient off-street storage area for vehicles waiting to enter the parking facility; • A driveway shall have a maximum grade of 12 percent within the public space; • Driveways shall be paved so that they are distinguishable from the sidewalk and the street (DCMR 24-1105.8); and, • Driveways shall be constructed at a right angle (90 degrees) to the curb line of the street and through the entire public space to the property line.

3-10 3.5 SIDEWALK CAFÉS 3.5.1 FURNISHING AND FIXTURES All furnishings and fixtures, such as chairs, tables, umbrellas, and lights, must be non-permanent and be able to be moved within 24 hours. No furnishings or fixtures may be affixed to the ground or other public space surfaces. Furnishings and fixtures should be configured so they do not obstruct restaurant doors and provide exit aisles for each door (DCMR 24-210.1, 24-312.2, and 24-312.3). Outdoor seating shall be counted in satisfying restroom requirements, including, but not limited to, quantity, access, and location (DCMR 24-314.7). Trash cans and other refuse storage containers shall not be located in the vicinity of sidewalk cafés (DCMR24-314.9 and 24-314.10).

Tables, chairs, and other fixtures at sidewalk cafés must be non-permanent and able to be moved within 24 hours.

Furnishings must be non-permanent and able to be moved within 24 hours.

3-11 3.5.2 CLEAR SIDEWALK SPACE AND LOCATION All rental of public space, whether for a café or other commercial use, must have an adjacent clear and unobstructed passageway between 6 and 10 feet in width at all points. Sidewalk cafés located at street intersections shall provide corner clearance of 10 feet to the cor-ner. No sidewalk cafés shall be within 15 feet of a bus stop, a bus shelter, or a Metrorail station entrance (DEM 31.2.1.1 and DCMR 24-311.7.7). The Public Space Committee has the authority to approve an adjacent passageway as narrow as 6 feet (DCMR 24-204.1, 204.2, and 316.9). The markings of passageways shall be by one or more painted white lines on the sidewalk, each not less than 4 inches wide or by other markings as may be required, extending across the total surface space the Permittee is authorized to use (DCMR 24-204.4). The clear sidewalk space shall be measured from the farthest extended portion of the sidewalk café frontage to the curb line or the nearest obstruction, whichever is nearest to the sidewalk café. For the purpose of determining clear sidewalk space, trees, streetlight poles, sign poles, fire hydrants, and other objects located on the surface space shall be considered as obstructions; tree boxes with tree grates flush with the sidewalk are not considered obstructions (DCMR 24-311.1 and 24-311.5). The floor of a sidewalk café shall be at the same elevation as the existing surface space. In order for the floor of the sidewalk café to be at grade, a floor may be constructed if it is less than 18 inches above where the café meets with the adjoining clear sidewalk space (DCMR 24-312.5 and 24-312.6). The Public Space Committee has the authority to reduce the sidewalk width adjacent to a café to 6 feet.

The preferred clear sidewalk adjacent to a sidewalk café is 10 feet.

3-12 3.5.3 FOOD AND SERVING STANDARDS Food may not be stored or prepared in the sidewalk café (DCMR 24-314.3). 3.5.4 ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS FOR ENCLOSED SIDEWALK CAFÉS Dates and Conditions for Enclosures Except for days that are unseasonably cold, unseasonably warm, or rainy, sidewalk cafés may be enclosed from October 15 through May 15 only. A sidewalk café may be enclosed on any day when the National Weather Service predicts at 8:00 a.m. at the Reagan National Airport weather station that, within the next 24 hours, the temperature may go above 90 degrees Fahrenheit or below 60 degrees Fahrenheit, or if the chance of rain is 50 percent or more, or in the event of rain (DCMR 24-210.6 and 24-210.7). Weather information is available at www.weather.gov/washington. Location requirements for cafés allow for flexibility in where seating and tables are placed on the sidewalk.

Locating seating at the curb is an option that may help to maintain required clear sidewalk width.

3-13 Enclosing Structure An enclosed sidewalk café may utilize a base wall of opaque material up to a maximum height of 36 inches from the sidewalk level. All enclosing walls, doors, and windows (but not structural members) above the base wall must be a transparent material. To further maximize transparency, both the horizontal and vertical structural members shall be no more than 10 inches wide (DCMR 24-210.2, 24-210.3, and 24-210.4).

Walls and other materials of an enclosed sidewalk café shall be of non-combustible or fire-resistant materials. Awnings or canopies shall be flame-retardant. The flooring shall also be fire-resistant (DCMR 24-316.2 and 24-316.5). The supporting structure of any enclosed café shall be constructed in a manner that will support 30 pounds per square foot live load (DCMR 24-316.6).

When required to be unenclosed, an enclosed sidewalk café shall be operated with all of its windows opened and so that the enclosed sidewalk café shall not be enclosed from the 36 inches base to 8 feet above the sidewalk. The only items allowed between the fence/wall and the ceiling are the members holding or framing any windows (DCMR 24-316.10).

Fixtures No plumbing fixtures shall be installed in an enclosed sidewalk café. Heating, air-conditioning, ventilation, and electrical lighting may be installed, when authorized as part of the sidewalk café permit, in accordance with the applicable District codes and regulations (DCMR 24-210.5). The walls of an enclosed sidewalk café may be solid Location and Configuration up to 36 inches from the sidewalk, but the remaining Public space shall be rented only to the owner of the abutting private property. The owner may sublet wall must be a transparent material. space to his tenant upon filing a copy of the rental agreement with DDOT (DCMR 24-207.2).

No enclosed sidewalk café shall project more than 20 feet from the building line, or occupy more than 60 percent of available surface space. The flooring of an enclosed sidewalk café shall be fire-resistant (DCMR 24-210.8).

When the combined occupancies of the enclosed sidewalk café and the adjacent restaurant exceed 75 people, two exits shall be provided from the enclosed sidewalk café: one shall open directly from the sidewalk, public alley, or public space abutting the enclosed sidewalk café and one may open into the abutting restaurant. If two means of egress are required for the adjacent business property, two means of egress shall be required for the enclosed sidewalk café (DCMR 24-316.7 and 24-316.8). 3.5.5 SEATING CAPACITY The District considers sidewalk cares to be an extension of the restaurant or business it is adjacent to and seating capacity is determined as if the cafe were restaurant seating. Sidewalk cafes must have 15 sq’ for every seat within their seating area. The number of seats within a sidewalk café is determined by dividing the total square feet of the café by 15. (International Building Code, section 1004.1 and 1004.2, Table 1004.1.1). Café isles should be a minimum of 3 feet wide between tables and at least 5 percent of the total café tables (a minimum of one) must comply with the most current ADA compliance standards (DEM 31.2.1.6). 3-14 3.5.5 ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS FOR UNENCLOSED CAFÉS ONLY Awnings and Umbrellas The awning, canopy, or umbrellas of an unenclosed sidewalk café shall be adequately secured, retractable, or removable. Framing shall be made or constructed of non-combustible or fire-resistant materials. The material used to cover the framing shall be flame-retardant and shall be approved by the Fire Chief. The height of the awning of an unenclosed sidewalk café shall not be lower than 8 feet from the floor of the sidewalk café. The valance of the awning shall not exceed 12 feet and shall not exceed a horizontal plane extending from the first floor ceiling of the adjoining building, whichever is less (DCMR 24-315.2, 24-315.3, and 24-315.4).

Planters – including vegetation – around a sidewalk shall not be higher than 36 inches.

Fencing and railings around a sidewalk café shall not be higher than 36 inches.

Fences and Planters The height of a railing, fence, or planter (including vegetation) around a sidewalk café shall not be higher than 36 inches (DCMR 24-315.5). Flooring Artificial turf, carpet, platforms, or any other surface cover in a sidewalk café shall be allowed on the floor area only when specifically approved by the Fire Chief and the Public Space Committee (DCMR 24-315.6).

3-15 3.6 STREET TREES 3.6.1 STREET TREE SPACING AND PLACEMENT Street trees should be planted with regular spacing in straight rows to create a continuous street edge. Spacing may be adjusted slightly to accommodate driveways and street lights. On arterials, the planted trees may be varied for visual appeal. Locate trees in a straight-line midway between the curb and adjacent sidewalk, even where the width of the tree lawn varies (DEM-37.5). Tree spacing and placement standards throughout the District are as follows: • Where no overhead wires are present, use 35 to 40 feet • Where overhead wires are present, use 20 to 25 feet

Evenly spaced street trees create a continuous street edge and define the sidewalk boundary.

Tree selection and spacing must take into account whether there are overhead wires.

3-16 No trees are to be planted directly in front of a sidewalk or steps to a dwelling, where existing public or private tree cover will interfere with tree growth, or in front of forested or open areas where there are no existing dwellings. Utility access must not be built in a tree box, regardless of whether there is an existing tree. Trees must be installed along all ROWs within the District of Columbia, regardless of location of overhead or underground utilities. Utility work to be performed within the root zone of a street tree must be coordinated with the District Department of Transportation’s Urban Forestry Administration. (DEM-9.5.1.3 ). Trees shall also be planted to minimize visual obstructions, maintain minimum sight distances, and comply with the following minimum spacing requirements, as measured from the center of the tree to the center of the object. Generally trees should be planted 30 to 40 feet apart, where no overhead wires are present, or 20 to 25 feet apart where overhead wires are present (DEM-37.5.2): • No closer than 40 feet from the curb face at intersections and street corners within the sight distance triangle;* • Not within 40 feet of a controlled intersection, or other traffic control device (this does not include “No Parking” signs);* • A minimum of 10 feet from a driveway (Type B, C, or D); • A minimum of 12 feet from a commercial driveway (Type A); • A minimum of 16 feet from an alley; • A minimum of 16 feet for any driveway or alley entrance with an existing tree of 37 inches or greater in circumference (DEM 31.5.5); • A minimum of 15 feet from a light pole (preferably 20 feet); and, • A minimum of 10 feet from a fire hydrant. • * Street trees may be planted within the sight distance triangle with the condition that the lower Street trees must be planted no closer than 15 feet branches be trimmed up to 8 feet. Non-plant materials and perennials should be no more than 3 from a light pole. feet high (DEM- 37.5.2). For the trees on the DDOT-approved list, the following are the minimum allowable soil volumes for tree rooting (DEM 37.5.3):

• Large trees: 1500 cubic feet of soil within a 27-foot radius; • Medium trees: 1000 cubic feet of soil within a 22-foot radius; • Small trees: 600 cubic feet of soil within a 16-foot radius; and • Soil volume is calculated as: (Area of Open Soil x Depth of Soil) + (Area of Covered Soil x Depth of Soil). There are additional tree spacing regulations that apply to the Downtown Streetscape Area (a map of the area is on page 3-5): • Trees shall be planted a minimum of 40 feet from the intersection of the radius tangent line and the curb and shall allow motorists and pedestrians to clearly view traffic control devices; • Trees shall be planted a minimum of 30 feet to 40 feet apart;

3-17 • Where necessary to avoid other fixed elements in the public space, trees may be planted a minimum of 30 feet apart or a maximum of 50 feet apart; • On Massachusetts Avenue, trees shall be planted 40 feet apart with the second row of trees set back 20 feet from the curb and staggered at even 40 feet intervals between curb trees; • Trees shall be at least 8 feet from any building or utility vault; and, • Trees shall be at least 12 feet from any above grade building projection (DCMR 24-1106.6).

3.6.2 TREE SPECIES SELECTION Design for street trees should be appropriate for the specific street. DDOT’s Urban Forestry Division (UFD) has several sources for tree recommendations. The DDOT Green Infrastructure Standards also have tree recommendations for both trees in bioretention and street trees.

More information DDOT Green Infrastructure Standards can be found at: https://ddot.dc.gov/GreenInfrastructure

UFD maintains a Street Tree Inventory which identifies trees that are generally planted in specific areas. More information on the UFD Street Tree Inventory can be found at: https://www.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?webmap=fea6079cf9bc4310a8b6c94f8c2bf1d a&extent=-77.0109,38.9148,-77.0049,38.9177

Street trees along a street should have similar form and growing habits. 3-18

Additionally, property owners can contact the Ward Arborist for his/her recommendation. DDOT UFD Arborist Zones. A map of the Arborist Zones and assigned arborists can be found here: https://www.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?webmap=0da9342225db490798141c7cd8048c a9&extent=-77.2629,38.7725,-76.7558,39.0114

Downtown Streetscape Area Tree species are specified for streets covered by the Downtown Streetscape Regulations. This area is generally bounded by Pennsylvania Avenue, M Street, North Capitol Street, and, 15th Street, NW. The trees to be planted in this area are designated in the Master Street Tree Plan in the DDOT Downtown Streetscape Regulations, dated August 2000 or latest edition (DEM- 30.13.4). The Downtown Streetscape Regulations may be found at the Public Space Management section of DDOT’s website (www.ddot.dc.gov).

Continuous planting areas at the curb should be 3.6.3 TREATMENT OF TREE BOX AREA planted with sod or low ground covers. Ground covers or paving in tree box areas provide seasonal color and serve as a buffer between people and cars. Ground cover plantings provide functional and aesthetic benefits; however, maintenance is extremely important. Plantings, other than trees in the streetscape, may include turf,

The tree box area in commercial areas with high pedestrian traffic may be paved with a permeable pattern of brick, flagstone, or concrete pavers.

3-19 ground covers, or shrubs. In commercial streetscapes with a large area between the sidewalk and the street or low pedestrian volume, a tree lawn of grass may be most appropriate. This area helps soften the street environment along the street edge.

Tree box areas must be at least 8 9 feet wide to accommodate irrigation systems and to provide adequate room for healthy tree root systems. Continuous planting strips must be at least 4 feet wide to accommodate healthy tree root systems. When tree lawns are planted, they should be planted with sod or low ground covers (below 6 inches in mature height) in residential areas and in commercial areas where pedestrian traffic does not warrant hardscape. Very narrow tree lawns or those in high traffic areas may be paved with a permeable pattern of brick, flagstone or concrete pavers, and/or colored or scored concrete. All tree lawn areas designated by the District as high commercial areas shall be hardscaped (DEM- 37.3.2.1 and 37.3.2.2). 3.6.4 TREE BOX BEAUTIFICATION Tree boxes are unpaved areas between the curb and the paved sidewalk that are intended for planting trees. For the first two to three years after a tree is planted, DDOT prefers using mulch only in the area at the base of the tree. Tree box beautification that conforms to the standards below and is performed by the adjacent property owner or tenant does not require a public space permit (DCMR 24-109.3). The beautification of a tree box area shall:

• Be contained within the tree box area and not extend over the curb or the sidewalk (DEM- 37.3.2); • Maintain a clear distance of 3 feet from a crosswalk or paved bus stop landing, 6 feet from an entrance to an alley or street corner, and 4 feet from a parking meter or fire hydrant (DCMR 24-109.7 and 24-109.8); • Maintain at least 6 feet separation from adjacent beautified areas (DCMR 24-109.6, 24-109.7, and 24-109.8); • Include plants that have a shallow root system and that grow less than 18 inches in height (DCMR 24-109.9 and DEM- 37.4.4); and, • Be planted a minimum of 2 feet from the root flare (crown) of the street tree in order to protect feeder and anchor roots from damage.

A permit is required to remove a special tree, a tree between 44” and 99.9” in circumference (DCMR 24-109). Any tree greater than 100” in circumference, in private or public space, is a Heritage Tree and cannot be removed (DC Code § 8–651.04).

3-20 Low fencing around tree box areas should not be placed on the curbside of the tree space. 3-21 The growing of vegetables in a tree box area is prohibited (DCMR 24-109.9). When additional landscaping in tree boxes is requested, the UFD will work with an applicant to develop plans that are appropriate for the size, location, and health of nearby street trees. Borders Borders include low fencing or curbs around tree box areas. For the safety of people exiting vehicles, borders should not be placed on the curbside of the tree space and should be 18 inches in height unless otherwise noted by UFD (2016 DDOT Standard Specifications for Highways and Structures (Gold Book) Section 608.06). UFD does not recommend tree box borders as they are frequently damaged and do not provide sufficient tree protection. Wickets and other tripping hazards are strictly prohibited (DCMR 24-109.9 10 and DEM- 37.3.2.1). Grading The grade of the tree space shall not be altered in conjunction with a beautification effort, except with mulch. The use of gravel as a ground cover is prohibited (DCMR 24-109.8). Plantings in the tree box area should have shallow roots and grow less than 18 inches.

Beatification of a tree box should include plants that do not extend into the sidewalk. 3-22 3.7 BIKE RACKS Policies and regulations for bike racks in public space are intended to encourage short-term parking for bicycles. Bike racks for short-term parking are typically placed outside a building near its entrance to maximize convenience and access. Regulations for bike racks intended for long-term parking are geared toward commuters and other trips that are of an extended duration. These racks are typically not located in public space and regulations guiding their number and placement can be found in DCMR Title 11: Zoning (DCMR 11- 800). 3.7.1 PLACEMENT DDOT placement guidelines are based on its expertise, as well as best practices research of other transportation departments and bicycle professionals. Bike racks in public space should be located near building entrances and meet minimum spacing requirements (DEM 29.5.4): • 2 feet minimum distance from curb (3 feet recommended); • 3 feet from parking meters, newspaper racks, mail boxes, light poles, sign poles, driveways, tree boxes, trash cans, utility meters, manholes, and any other street furniture or sidewalk obstruction; • 4 feet from loading zones, bus stops, bus shelters, and bus benches; and, • 5 feet from fire hydrants and crosswalks.

Short-term parking bike racks are typically placed near a building entrance. 3-23 Bike racks parallel to a wall should be located a minimum of 24 inches from the wall (36 inches recommended). Bike racks set perpendicular to a wall should be a minimum of 28 inches from the wall (36 inches recommended). Outdoor racks are ideally placed in a sheltered location. This could be under a building awning or a specific structure designed for this purpose. 3.7.2 DESIGN Preferred “U Rack” Design Detail 26 of the Bicycle Facility Design Guide (found online) contains information pertaining to bicycle rack design. There are pictures of preferred, acceptable, and unacceptable bicycle rack designs. The DDOT Bicycle Program prefers the “inverted-U” style bicycle rack. It is a cost-efficient, attractive, yet simple design that is easy to install and allows for versatility in placement. Ideally outdoor racks are placed in a sheltered location. Acceptable Designs While the “inverted-U” is the District’s preferred bike rack design, other racks are acceptable if they meet the following criteria:

• Supports the bicycle frame in at least two places, allowing the frame and wheel to be locked using a U-lock or cable lock; • Prevents the wheel of the bicycle from tipping over; • Does not damage the bicycle; • Is durable and securely anchored; • Allows front-in or back-in parking; and, • Allows for the securing of a variety of bicycles, including children’s bikes, tandems, and recumbents. Unacceptable Designs Bicycle racks that are not acceptable to the District are those that do not follow the above criteria. The DDOT Bicycle Program prefers the These include grid or “schoolyard” style racks that may damage the wheel and do not allow for the “inverted-U” style bike rack. locking of the wheel and frame. Another unacceptable design is the “wave” rack, because it does not support the bicycle in two places. More detailed information on bike rack standards and location criteria can be found at DDOT’s website: www.ddot.dc.gov. 3.7.3 INSTALLATION Installing bicycle racks on public space requires a permit from DDOT’s Public Space Permits Branch. The application for a public space permit is available online at www.ddot.dc.gov through the link to Public Space Management or at 1100-4th Street, SW. 3.7.4 TECHNICAL CONSULTATION If you require additional information on the design or placement of bicycle parking, or another bicycle-related matter, DDOT provides technical assistance. Please contact the Bicycle Program Spe- Bike racks other than the “inverted-U” may be used if cialist by calling DDOTs main number at (202) 673-6813. they meet DDOT criteria. 3-24 LANDSCAPING AND THE PUBLIC PARKING AREA 4.1 OVERVIEW The landscaping of public space involves the placement and maintenance of trees, plants, flowers and complementing accessories, such as fencing, walkways, or pavers within the public parking and tree box areas. Public “parking” (see definition on page 1-7) is the area of public space devoted to open space and greenery that lies between a private property line and edge of the adjacent sidewalk. The term “parking” refers to the intent for this area to be like a park, in effect making each street in the District a parkway. Unlike the public parking, tree box areas (see definition on page 1-9) are considered part of the city’s urban infrastructure and are located between the sidewalk and the curb. Landscaping and natural topography help to define residential neighborhoods. Landscaping plays many different roles in the District. Flowers and greenery are an attractive addition to District streets, while shade trees lining boulevards shape neighborhoods and define the

Public parking is the area dedicated to landscaping between the sidewalk and property line.

4-1 Landscaped front yards create a park-like character in many District neighborhoods.

Large shade trees and generous landscaping make city living more comfortable during summer months.

city’s image. Green lawns contribute to an open character that distinguishes Washington from other cities. Strategic placement of trees and other vegetation provide postcard-perfect views of monuments, and residential streets flanked by green areas create a park-like setting on many blocks.

Throughout the city, variations in the landscape delineate neighborhoods and land uses, and define important gateways. Iron fences and landscaped front yards contribute to the distinct character of the Logan Circle, Dupont Circle, and Capital Hill neighborhoods, while wooden fences and grass lawn are more typical in neighborhoods like Brookland, Takoma, and Hillcrest. Landscaping has practical purposes too, such as creating buffers between streets and pedestrians on sidewalks, improving air quality, reducing the amount of impervious surfaces and storm water runoff, and reducing energy consumption by providing much-needed shade during warmer months.

Property owners are required to maintain the public space in front of their home or business in a clean and safe condition, and encouraged to beautify and enhance this space. In many cases the features that surround the front yards in residential neighborhoods – like fences or retaining walls – are located within the District’s wide road right-of-ways or within a building restriction line. In both instances, public space regulations are applied.

4-2 4.2 POLICIES Comprehensive Plan Policies • Policy UD-1.2.4: View Protection • Policy UD-1.4.1: Avenues/Boulevards and Urban Form • Policy UD-1.4.2: City Gateways • Policy UD-1.4.3: Avenue/Boulevard Vistas and View Corridors • Policy UD-1.4.5: Priority Avenues/Boulevards • Policy UD-2.2 Designing for Successful Neighborhoods • Policy UD-2.2.1 Neighborhood Character and Identity • Policy UD-2.2.5: Creating Attractive Facades • Policy UD-3.1.7: Improving the Street Environment • Policy UD-3.2.3: Site Planning and Design Measures to Increase Security • Policy UD-3.2.4: Security Through Streetscape Design Low retaining walls and fences are required to • Policy UD-3.2.5: Reducing Crime Through Design maintain site lines along city streets, particularly at • Policy HP-2.3.5: Enhancing Washington’s Urban Design Legacy intersections. • Policy HP-2.5.2: Historic Landscapes • Policy HP-2.5.4: Landscaped Yards in Public Space • Policy PROS-4.3.5: Residential Yards • Policy E-1.3.1: Preventing Erosion • Policy E-1.3.2: Grading and Vegetation Removal • Policy E-3.4.1: Mitigating Development Impacts

Property owners and residents are encouraged to make improvements to public space.

Colorful plantings and flowers add to the park-like image of District neighborhoods.

4-3 4.3 MAINTENANCE RESPONSIBILITY Local Residential Streets Communities and abutting property owners shall be responsible for planting and maintaining the right-of-way behind the sidewalk, also referred to as public parking (DEM- 31.3). Local Commercial Streets adjacent property owner shall be responsible for designing, planting, and maintaining the right-of-way – the sidewalk and public parking – behind the curb (DEM- 31.3). 4.4 PUBLIC PARKING Hedges Hedges on public parking shall not exceed three feet in height (36 inches), nor project more than six inches over the sidewalk. On corner properties, if hedges are placed at the back of the sidewalk, they must be planted no more than 10 inches above the sidewalk grade (DCMR 24-102.4). Narrow walkways leading to building entrances leave more area for landscaping and greenery.

Low hedges maintain long view corridors along streets that contribute to public safety.

4-4 Containing Dirt, Yard Clippings, and Yard Refuse in Public Parking No person shall deposit or cause to be deposited any dirt, grass, or other yard refuse on any public sidewalk, tree space, roadway, or alley, from any public parking under the immediate care and keeping of the owner or occupant of the premises that abut the sidewalk, tree space, roadway, or alley (DCMR 24-102.7). Paving, Grading, and Covering Without the written authority of the Mayor: no person shall change the grade of any parking; pave or cover any portion of a parking; pave or cover any portion of any sidewalk space; cross sidewalks; or construct any walls, steps, coping, fences, or other structures on a parking. Permits to pave the public parking in districts zoned for commercial and industrial uses shall be granted Director of the Department of Transportation (DCMR 24-104). Walkways through public space shall be six feet wide or less unless a wider walkway is approved by DDOT (DCMR 24-104.5). Beautification No regulations in Title 24 Section 104 (“Paving, Grading, and Covering”) shall be construed to prevent a person having control of the premises abutting on a public parking from sodding “Wicket” metal fences are commonly found in older or beautifying it with flowers (DCMR 24-104.3). sections of the District. Sight Distance Requirements Landscaping or other enhancement located in the lawn area near an intersection must maintain minimum site distances between streets to ensure public safety of motorists and pedestrians. Site distances vary depending on speed limits and site conditions and will be determined by DDOT. The DDOT Design and Engineering Manual provides minimum sight distances to use as a basic guide: 1. Street Intersections: A 30-foot by 30-foot sight triangle is required at every intersection corner. No landscaping or hardscaping shall be permitted that will block the line of sight, generally higher than 24 inches. Major roads may be required to include a 50-foot by 50-foot sight triangle (DEM- 32.12). Additional sight distances may be required to comply with clearances. The Design and Engineer- ing Manual, Chapter 30: Roadways, also gives stopping sight distances based on speed limit. Ap- plications for fences at intersections must include sight-distance triangles on a street plan. All sight distances must be within the public right-of-way, behind a building restriction line, or a sight distance easement. If the line of sight crosses onto private property, a “Sight Distance Easement” shall be indicated on the plat to meet the required sight distance. The District shall obtain from the property owner the required easement or right-of-way to be dedicated to the District. In any event, the District shall work with the property owner to establish an unobstructed sight distance triangle (DEM-30.5.1).

4-5 2. Private or Public Alley: Sight-distance when exiting a private and/or public alley requires a minimum 15 foot distance from the edge line of the alley on a 45-degree angle from the property line to the back edge line of the sidewalk. If no sidewalk exists then use the curb line of the street. Within this area, no fencing and/or shrubbery over four feet tall are allowed, excluding city trees (DEM-31.4.1). 4.5 FENCES Fences on privately owned land but within the building restriction line must comply with requirements for fences on public property (DCMR 12:3112.1). 4.5.1 MATERIAL AND HEIGHT Any fences within the sight distance triangle of an intersection should not exceed 24 inches above the elevation of the adjacent street. See information under Public Parking to determine the required sight distance at an intersection (DEM 30.5.1). Fences with a “colonial” design with square or round pickets are one of several fences allowed in public space.

4-6 Fences that are 42 inches or less in height and of open design of at least 50 percent are required to get a public space permit, but are not required to get a building permit. However, the permit exemption does not apply to the exterior of buildings or structures located in historic districts, or of historically designated buildings or structures (DCMR 12-105 and 12-105.2.5, 24-103).

Wooden Fences Wooden fences of colonial design must be less than 42 inches in height, with square, rectangular, or round posts and rails; with or without square, rectangular or round pickets extending through the rails (DCMR 24-103.1(b)). Iron and Wire Fences Public parking may be enclosed by an open fences of an approved type not less than three feet or Fence at property line more than three feet by six inches (42 inches) in height, constructed of iron, ornamental wire, or woven wire, and having top and bottom string pieces (DCMR 24-103.1(c)). Where the landscaped area adjacent to “wickets” (an open metal fence made of metal hoops commonly found around front yards) is at the level of the sidewalk, the wickets shall have a minimum height of 24 inches; where the parking is terraced the wickets shall have a minimum height of 12 inches (DCMR 24-103.12). A sharp-pointed or spear-headed type of fence with uppermost points or prongs less than one-half inch in diameter is not allowed (DCMR 24-103.2). 4.5.2 LOCATION AND PLACEMENT Pedestals and Gates, Blocks or pedestals for fence posts must not project above the surface of the sidewalk, and Fence regulations specify height and material but no portion of a fence or a fence post block or pedestal shall extend beyond the parking line provide flexibility in design. (DCMR 24-103.8). All gates in parking fences must swing inwardly; and no gate shall swing outwardly over any sidewalk, avenue, street, or road (DCMR 24-103.9). Fences Fences located in parking on streets and avenues shall follow property lines (DCMR 24-104.4).

4-7 4.6 RETAINING WALLS AND GRADING 4.6.1 MAINTENANCE Owners of lots that are above the grade of the adjacent sidewalk, street, avenue, alley, public parking, or other public space, must prevent dirt, sand, gravel, bushes, trees, and similar things from falling or being washed from their property to public space (DCMR 24-1000.6). 4.6.2 RETAINING WALLS After obtaining a permit from the District Department of Transportation (DDOT), the owners or occupants of land abutting a public parking may enclose the parking with walls of an approved type that does not exceed 42 inches in height (DCMR 24-103.1). Low retaining walls at sidewalks are more 4.6.3 GRADING pedestrian-friendly and create an open setting. Without obtaining a permit from the District, no person shall change the grade of any parking; pave or cover any portion of a parking; or construct any walls, steps, coping, fences, or other structures on parking (DCMR 24-104.1).

Over-height fences should be located on private property.

Retaining walls are intended to hold back existing topography. 4-8 BUILDING PROJECTIONS 5.1 OVERVIEW Washington, DC, is known for its low-slung skyline and leafy residential neighborhoods. It’s commercial streets and residential neighborhoods are also largely defined by a pedestrian scale created by windows projections, towers, porches, and other architectural embellishments the city has encour- ages by allowing building projections into the street right-of-way since 1872. Additional requirements and new types of building projections have been allowed over time in response to changing architectural trends. Today, our city allows 25 different types of building projections to occupy public space.

In Spring 2016, the Department of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs asked the Office of Planning (OP) to review DCMR 12: Construction Code, Chapter 32 –Encroachments as part of the 2015 update of the construction code. OP assessed the city’s projection regulations and how they evolved as a basis for recommending changes to be considered as part of the 2015 update. This assessment included reviewing previous versions of the construction code published in 1872, 1878, 1882, 1887, 1889, 1892, 1897, 1902, and 1930; sections of the 1917 and 1941 code were also reviewed.

The city’s projection regulations allow below-grade and above-grade projections. Below grade projections are utilitarian and include areaways (windows wells and steps to basements/cellars) and vaults. The type of above grade projections allowed are extensive and include bay and oriel windows, towers, balconies, multiple types of architectural trim, cornices and roof overhangs, colonnades, porches, steps, ramps, and show windows.

Regulations for projections achieve two goals: protecting the city’s transportation network and greater flexibility in building design. All projections are required to maintain a minimum distance from the curb and are prohibited on streets less than 60’ wide. This ensures the city has enough public space to provide adequate sidewalk widths, street lights, street trees, utility lines and other public infrastructure. Projections are also regulated by how far they can extend into public space and how far they can extend across a building façade.

These allowances have resulted in the remarkable built environment that defines our city and building projections that share four common characteristics:

1. Verticality – vertical façade elements that add height and articulation to buildings that are limited in height; 2. Breaking Down Mass - creating a comfortable and humane scale for small and large Bay windows create an iconic image of the buildings; District’s residential neighborhoods 3. Secondary to the Primary Building Façade - allowing for embellishments that enhance the primary massing of a building; and, 4. Pedestrian experience - emphasizing transparency and pedestrian scale on the ground floor of commercial buildings or landscaped areas along residential streets.

5-1 Awnings help to break up the monolithic appearance of large buildings.

Modifications to projection allowances are permitted for those requested to embellish a building and must meet the following criteria:

• The modification is deemed to be in the general public interest;

• The primary objective of the modification is not the occupation A combination of different projections adds architectural variety to city streets. of additional public space; The code allows waivers from limits on building projections for requests to embellish a building. The • The primary objective of the construction code does not define “embellish” and Webster’s New World College Dictionary defines it modification is not changing of as, “to decorate or improve by adding detail; ornament; adorn.” interior arrangements; These projections play a significant role in enhancing the visual qualities of Washington’s neighbor- • In the opinion of the code official hoods and have consciously been used to realize urban design goals that define the image of the such modification will not interfere District as city. Well-designed projections on building facades improve the design of a streetscape. with the adhacet buildings; and, They provide pedestrian scale to a street by reducing the potential for ‘fortress-like” buildings, frame iconic views along prominent avenues, create architectural variety on residential streets, and empha- • In the opinion of the code official size a pedestrian experience in commercial areas. such modification will not interfere with the general public interest.

(DCMR 12A-3202.1 and 3202.4.1)

5-2 5.2 POLICIES Comprehensive Plan Policies • Policy UD-1.2.4: View Protection • Policy UD-2.1.2: Downtown Street and Block Pattern • Policy UD-2.2.1: Neighborhood Character and • Policy UD-2.2.2: Areas of Strong Architectural Character • Policy UD-2.2.5: Creating Attractive Facades • Policy UD-2.2.6: Maintaining Facade Lines • Policy UD-2.2.9: Protection of Neighborhood Open Space • Policy UD-2.3.1: Reintegrating Large Sites Policy • Policy UD-3.1.1: Improving Streetscape Design • Policy UD-3.1.2: Management of Sidewalk Space • Policy UD-3.2.5: Reducing Crime Through Design Policy Projections are limited to uncovered steps on narrow streets. • Policy UD-3.3.2: Design Excellence in Public Buildings 5.3 GENERAL REGULATIONS All projections are a privilege and may not be claimed as a right. They require a permit from the code official (DCMR 12-3202.1). These provisions establish limitations. Proposed projections may be further restricted or refused if the code official considers such actions best for the public interest (DCMR 12-3202.1).All permits for projections include the understanding and agreement by the applicant that any and all such projections shall be promptly removed upon notice from the code official (DCMR 12-3202.2).

The District has the authority to grant a waiver from these restrictions for modifications requested to embellish the building. A written justification must be submitted with a code modification form to the code official at the Department of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs (DCRA) that clearly explains how Porches projecting into public space add a pedes- the modification is a building embellishment (DCMR 12A-3202.4.1). After the modification request is trian scale to residential streets submitted, DCRA will forward the application to the Office of Planning and the Department of Trans- portation before taking an action. In some cases, a modification request may also require Public Space Committee approval..

Projections are not allowed on streets to be widened (DCMR 12-3202.5).

No projections are permitted beyond the building line for the following streets: • Good Hope Road, SE, (north side only) from MLK Jr. Avenue to 18th Street • Martin Luther King Avenue, SE, from Good Hope Road to the northern boundary of the grounds of St. Elizabeths Hospital. • Florida Avenue, NW, from 7th Street to 9th Street

5-3 • Maine Avenue, SW, from 7th Street to 14th Street • M Street, NW, from 29th Street to 36th Street • K Street, NW, from Rock Creek westward to Wisconsin Avenue • Water Street, NW, from Wisconsin Avenue westward to termination of Water Street • Wisconsin Avenue, NW, from the angle south of N Street to the north roadway of Q Street • 2th Street, NW, from Monroe Street to the angle north of Otis Street (DCMR 12-3202.6) All projections must comply with the following restrictions (DCMR 12-3202.7). • Uncovered steps are the only projections allowed on any street less than 60 feet wide (DCMR 12- 3202.7.1) .

Window wells are a typical example of an areaway Street Width 40 feet but less 50 feet but less 60 feet to and Over 80 feet to Over 90 feet that is used to permit light into below-grade residen- than 50 feet than 60 feet including 80 feet and including 90 tial units. feet Minimum clear space 6 feet 8 feet 10 feet 12 feet 15 feet from all projections to face of curb Projections onto Narrow Sidewalks Projections into public space that do (DCMR 12-3202.7.1) not meet the minimum distance re- • No projection shall extend to within 8 inches of an alley line or party line extended. To determine quirements from the face of curb must the “party line extended” draw a line through the corners of the property and perpendicular to the obtain a code modification from DCRA. street (DCMR 12-3202.7.2). OP and DDOT support the following embellishments in public space • No chimney shall extend beyond the building line/building restriction line (DCMR 12-3202.7.3). on streets where they are allowed by regulation, but are unable to maintain • No plumbing fixtures shall be located in a projection (DCMR 12-3202.7.4). the required minimum distance from the curb: • Projecting signs, fixtures, marquees, or other overhead projections of a building shall not extend over public space closer than 18 inches from the curb line (DCMR 12-3202.7.5). • Cornices, bases, water tables, and • Permanent pedestrian walkways and tunnels shall meet the requirements specified in the Inter- pilasters. national Building Code, Section of DCMR 12-3104. They require approval by DDOT and must maintain a vertical clearance from the public right-of-way to the lowest part of the projection of at • Open balconies projecting up to 3’. least 15 feet. They must be approved by DDOT (DCMR 12-3202.8 and 12-3202.8.1). Temporary covered walkways protecting sidewalks shall follow guidance and standards defined in DDOT’s • Awnings, canopies, and marquees Departmental Order No. 2008-OD-02. up to 18” over windows.

• Awnings, canopies, and marquees up to 3’ over primary entrances.

In these situations, the minimum clearance for balconies, awning, canopies, and marquee projections from a sidewalk is 12’.

5-4 Areaways are used to get light into lower levels of buildings.

The projection allowance for an areaway varies depending on the width of the street and zoning, but all areaways must be protected by a metal railing.

5.4 SUBSURFACE PROJECTIONS 5.4.1 AREAWAYS An areaway is a below grade projection that is open at its top. The most common types are window wells and below-grade steps leading to basements and cellars. Areaways may be used for steps providing secondary building access to lower levels. The construction code allows areaways to extend the full width of a property up to 8 inches from the lot lines extended (DCMR 12-3202.9.1.1 and 3202.7.2). The height of an areaway is limited to the surface of the pavement or grade. An 8 inch coping wall or a railing is acceptable on top of the areaway wall (DCMR 12-3202.9.1.2). 5-5 Areaway projections from face of building are limited by zoning district and street width:

Zone C,C-M,M Residential or SP (District) Street Type Any Unparked Parked Street Width Any Up to 60 feet More than Less than 60 60 feet up to More than 20 feet or wide 60 feet wide feet wide 70 feet wide 70 feet wide more of parking Projection* 4 feet None 4 feet None 6 feet 6 1/2 feet 7 feet *Areaway projections are measured from the property line or building restriction line to the inside face Areaways can extend up to 7’ over a lot line or building restriction line depending on site conditions, but of the areaway wall (DCMR 12-3202.9.1.3). the most common allowance is 6’6”.

Areaways shall be protected by strong metal railing not less than 42” nor more than 48” high, although railings over 42” must be approved by the Public Space Committee (DCMR 12-3202.9.1.4).

Areaways may not project into an alley (DCMR 12-3202.9.1.5). 5.4.2 VAULTS Vaults are below grade projections that are covered at the top. Common types are used as parking garages or to house electric transformers. Vault permit applications shall include a site plan showing the location and dimensions of the vault, all openings, and its depth. The applicant shall also record with the Recorder of Deeds a written agreement signed by the owner of the abutting property contracting to release and relinquish the vault space, and to remove, free of expense to the District of Columbia, all structural parts of the vault Vaults located in the pedestrian pathway are required to have solid covers that match the adjacent sidewalk. when so ordered by a code official (DCMR 12-3202.9.2.1). The size and extent of vaults shall be decided on a case-by-case basis. Vaults extending under alleys shall have no openings in the alley pavement and shall not extend within 2.5 feet of the center of an alley (DCMR 12-3202.9.2.2). 5.4.2.1 USES The following are acceptable and unacceptable uses of vaults (DCMR 12A-3202.9.2.3 and 24-215.4): Acceptable Uses Housing of transformers Storage of readily movable personal property and equipment Sales/office space Fuel oil tanks Automobile parking Vaults with grated tops are preferably located in alleys. Ducts, pipes, wiring, fans, ducted air shafts, and similar items that are removable

5-6 Unacceptable Uses Public entrances to basements Exit corridors (unless there are open stairs in areaways) Housing of boilers, plumbing fixtures, or flammable gases like propane Mechanical appliances Equipment that cannot be moved in 24 hours Note: Other uses not specifically forbidden by law or regulation may be approved by the Director of the Department of Transportation if the Director finds it is in the public interest to do so (DCMR 24-215.4). 5.4.2.2 PLACEMENT AND COVERS Vault - covered Placement Vaults shall be located on private property whenever possible. If, for some compelling reason, a vault may not be located on private property a permit for placing a vault in public space may be granted if: 1. The vault is located adjacent to ground floor retail in a commercial building and has a solid cover that is flush with the surrounding surface and matches the adjacent paving material 2. The vault is located in the public parking zone adjacent to a residential building and is concealed on all sides facing the right-of-way by a landscaped buffer. 3. The vault is located in an alley and complies with building code requirements. (Public Realm Design Handbook: Features of the Public Realm)

Vaults shall be constructed so as not to interfere with sewers, water mains, gas mains, electric or telephone conduits, signal conduits, manholes, lamp posts, trees, or any other public or public utility works or improvements. Clear pedestrian ways of any pavement should be free of vaults and vault covers that project above the pavement surface. The roof of a vault between the curb and building lines shall at no place be less than four inches below the approved sidewalk grade at that point (12A- Vault - landscaped 3202.9.2.4, 12A-3202.9.2.5, and DCMR 24-101.3). Projection Amount The distance that a vault may extend into public space is determined by a minimum distance between the vault and the curb. This distance is determined by one of two variables: the width of the street under which the vaults are located or, if located in the Downtown Streetscape Area, the spacing distance required from a street tree:

Downtown Streetscape Area All Areas Outside the Downtown Streetscape Area Variable One Row of Two Row of Up to 60 feet 60 feet up to 80 feet up to Wider then 90 Street Trees is Street Trees wide 80 feet wide 90 feet wide feet Required Required Distance from 10 feet 30 feet No Vault 10 feet 12 feet 15 feet Curb Projection Allowed Grated vaults should be located on private property and not in public space. (DCMR 12A-3202.7.1 and DCMR 24-1109.1)

5-7 If the enclosed space is divided horizontally into two or more levels, the term “vault” shall be considered as applying to one level only, and each level shall be considered as a separate vault (DC Code 10-1103.04(c) and DMCR 24-1199.1). Covers The paving over vaults shall be laid according to specifications of DDOT for surface paving and shall conform to established grades. All coverings shall be flush with pavement, and have a roughened surface to provide a non-slip surface to persons passing over them. (DEM-31.2.1.1). Vaults shall be roofed over within a reasonable time or within the time established by the permit. Whenever the grade is changed, the vault shall be changed and repaved at the expense of the owner of the abutting property, to comply with the new grade (DCMR 12A-3202.9.2.4). 5.5 ABOVE GROUND PROJECTIONS 5.5.1 BALCONIES Balconies shall not project over alleys (DCMR 12-3202.10.1).

Balconies may extend up to 8 inches from the lot line extended on either side of the property. The Balconies add to the architectural variety of aggregate width of all balconies on a building façade are unlimited, except when connected to bay win- building facades. dows, when their width shall comply with the width requirements for bay windows and shall be included in the bay window width (DCMR 12-3202.10.2.1). The balcony depth shall be limited as follows:

Street width Up to 60 feet More than 60 feet and less More than 70 feet than 70 feet Balcony depth None 3 feet 4 feet (12-3202.10.2.3) 5.5.2 BAY WINDOWS, TOWERS, ORIELS, AND COLONNADES Bay windows shall not project over alleys (DCMR 12-3202.10.1.1). Stairways are not permitted in bay windows. Doors in bay windows not swinging beyond the projection are permitted in bay windows (DCMR 12-3202.10.3.4). Bay window width shall be limited as follows: Single Bay Window Width of building at building Less than 16 feet 16 feet up to 24 feet More than 24 feet line Allowable width* of bay None 9 feet for 16 feet in building 13 feet for 24 feet in building window width, 6 inches additional width, 2 inches additional for every additional foot of for every additional foot of building width building width Bay windows promote healthy living by allowing more air and light into building interiors. 5-8 Aggregate Width for Multiple Bay Windows Calculation of Building Width for Projections Width of building at building line Less than 24 feet 24 feet or more Allowable total width* of projections None 13 feet for 24 feet in building width, 6 The massing of many contemporary (sum of all projections) inches additional for every additional foot of building width (building width in buildings is sculptural, and their building feet minus 24 feet) facade frontages are not always aligned with the lot line or building restriction *The width of bay window projections is measured at one foot from the building line. line. This is a departure from traditional lot-line development where facades are Bay window projections for interior lots may not extend beyond 8 inches from the lot lines built to the property line and where de- extended. On a corner lot, the portion of the bay window beyond the building lines extended termining the building width is straight- shall not be counted in the width of projections on either front (DCMR 12-3202.10.3.1). forward. It is important that all reviewers The height of bay windows is not limited (DCMR 12-3202.10.3.2). and stakeholders have the same understanding of how the Building Code The projection of bay windows shall be limited as follows: Official will determine the applicable building width when applying Chapter Width of street Less than 60 feet 60 feet up to 70 feet More than 70 feet 32: Encroachments for the purpose of wide calculating the width of projecting win- Depth of bay window projection None 3 feet 4 feet dows when: 1) the building width at the (DCMR 12-3202.10.3.3) lot line or building restriction line varies from floor to floor (e.g. a building with individual towers connected at a lower Show Windows level); or 2) the building has sections that Show windows shall conform to the width, are pulled back from the lot line or build- projection and restrictions requirements governing bay windows. However, their height is limited to ing restriction line along one or more the first floor. The projection of shop windows shall be limited as follows: floors (e.g. a U-shaped building). 1. Three (3) feet on streets 60 feet to 70 feet wide. In January 2019, the DCRA Code Official released a Memorandum of Direction 2. Four (4) feet on streets more than 70 feet wide. (DCMR 12–3202.10.4.2 , 3202.10.3.1, clarifying that the width of a building, for 3202.10.3.3, and 3202.10.3.4). the purpose of determining allowable widths of projecting windows, shall be measured where building frontages are built to the lot line or building restriction line, calculated at each floor along each separate and uninterrupted building frontage, and with projections allocated at each floor to their respective uninterrupted building frontage, independently. This may result in multiple building widths for a single floor of a single building that has irregular or multiple frontages along the lot line or building restriction line, like a tower or U-shaped building. Show windows along commercial streets create a pedestrian scale at the ground floor and activate the sidewalk.

5-9 Towers and Oriels Towers and oriel windows shall conform to the requirements for bay windows (DCMR 12-3202.10.5 and 12-3202.10.4). Colonnades Colonnades may extend up to 8 inches from the lot lines extended or an alley (DCMR 12- 3202.10.6.1).

Colonnades may be no greater than two stories from grade (DCMR 12-3202.10.6.2).

Colonnades may not project on streets with less than 17 feet of parking. On streets with 17 feet or more of parking, colonnades shall project no more than 6 feet (DCMR 12-3202.10.6.3).

Towers at the corners of buildings allow for architectural variety and are defining characteristics in some District neighborhoods.

Oriel windows add architectural variety to building facades. Colonnades may define building entrances but are limited to projecting 6 feet into public space.

5-10 5.5.3 PORCHES Porch projections shall be allowed only in Residential, Waterfront, Mixed-Use, and Special Purpose districts (DCMR 12-3202.11.1). Porches shall have open balustrades or railings and shall be open to the roof. The floor may be no more than 5 feet above grade/pavement below (DCMR 12-3202.11.2). Porches are not limited in width (other than 8 inches from lot lines extended and alleys) except where there is a window projection. Then the total width of all porches and windows shall not exceed the aggregate width allowed for multiple bay windows (DCMR 12-3202.11.2.1). Porch height may not exceed one story in the case of wood frame construction. Porches greater than one story in height must be made of non-combustible material (3202.11.2.2). Porches greater than one story in height shall conform to the width and projection requirements for bay windows (DCMR 12-3202.11.2.3).

One-story porch projections shall be limited as follows:

Street width Unparked streets Unparked streets at Unparked streets All parked streets less than 60 feet wide least 60 feet up to more than 70 feet 70 feet Maximum porch None 3 feet 4 feet 5 feet projection

(DCMR 12-3202.11.2.3)

Porches may not project from the rear of the building beyond the building line or building restriction line (DCMR12-3202.11.2.4).

Projections on narrow streets are limited to steps that project 3 feet.

Steps may project into public space as much as 10 feet depending on site conditions. Porches extend living areas into public space and help activate residential streets.

5-11 5.5.4 STEPS AND RAMPS: Step projections shall be allowed only in Residential, Waterfront, Mixed-Use, and Special Purpose districts (DCMR 12-3202.11.1). Steps and ramps are not limited in width but shall be limited in height to that of the main floor of the adjacent building (DCMR 12-3202.11.3). Step and ramp projections shall be limited as follows:

Street type and Unparked Unparked Unparked Unparked Unparked All parked width streets less streets 40 feet streets 45 feet streets 70 feet streets 80 streets than 40 feet but less than wide but less wide but less feet wide or wide 45 feet wide than 70 feet than 80 feet greater wide wide Step/Ramp None 3 feet 4 feet 5 feet 6 feet 10 feet maximum projection

(DCMR 12-3202.11.3.2) 5.5.5 PERMANENT DOORS AND WINDOWS No permanent door or window shall open outward on public spaces when less than 12 feet above the sidewalk grade (DCMR 12-3202.11.4.1). Awnings are temporary roof-like structures Exception: Where the line of travel is protected by an adjoining porch, terrace, bay window, areaway, attached to buildings, typically over doors or similar construction, projecting not less than the outward swing of the door, permanent doors or and windows. windows are permitted to open outward. Permanent doors and windows in Residential, Mixed-Use, Waterfront, or Special Purpose Districts shall be allowed to open on public parking, provided they do not encroach on any sidewalk or driveway (DCMR 12-3202.11.4.2). 5.5.6 AWNINGS Awnings are a lightweight frame structure over which a covering is attached; provides weather protection, identity or decoration; is partially or wholly supported by a building; and, located on porches and over doors, windows, or show windowss. (International Building Code, DCMR 24–399 and DCMR 12-3202.12.1.1).

Width The width of awnings over public parking or sidewalks shall be limited to the width of the door and a reasonable amount on either side (DCMR 12-3202.12.1.3).

5-12 Clearance Awnings must leave a minimum clear height of 8 feet above the sidewalk (DCMR 12-3202.12.1.2). However, for awnings above doors in buildings under the jurisdiction of the International Residential Code (one- and two-unit dwellings only) the minimum clearance from the sidewalk or any other space used by the public to the lowest part of the awning shall be 6 feet 8 inches (DCMR 12 – 3105.4).

Projection Awnings shall not extend beyond 5 feet from the point of attachment (DCMR 12-3202.12.1.2). 5.5.7 CANOPIES Canopies are temporary and decorative roof-like structures – typically cloth - attached to, supported from, or contiguous from an adjacent restaurant (DCMR 24-399). They are also permitted over sidewalks in commercial and industrial (C, C-M, and M) districts at show windows or other display openings and loading platforms (DCMR 12-3202.12), and through public parking (DCMR- Canopies are typically cloth and may be located over 3202.12.2.5). Canopies are attached to the building at the inner end and supported at the outer end sidewalk cafes. by no more than two stanchions with braces anchored to the sidewalk (DCMR 12-3105.5).

Width

Canopies are permitted to extend a reasonable amount on either side of a building entrance or display window.

5-13 Canopies extend laterally on a building so as to cover display windows or space and a reasonable distance on either side not to exceed a total width of 8 feet (DCMR 12-3201.12.2.2 and 12-3105.5). Cano- pies with fixed posts and frames are permitted over landscape public parking up to the interior line of the sidewalk. These awnings are only allowed at buildings that meet one of the following criteria:

• A place of assembly with an occupancy capacity greater than 100 people; • A residential building having more than 50 dwelling units; • A store or office building with a frontage of 100 feet or more on the side where the canopy will be placed; and, • A store or office building with more than 15,000 square feet in area per floor. (DCMR 12-3202.12.2.5). Clearance The minimum clearance from the sidewalk to the lowest part of any canopy shall be 8 feet (DCMR 12- 3202.12.2.2 and 12-3105.5).

Marquees in commercial or industrial areas may Projection extend up to 5 feet into public space. Canopy projections shall not exceed 5 feet into public space unless approved by the code official (DCMR 12-3202.12.2). No canopy projection may extend closer than 2 feet from the curb line (DCMR 12–3105.5). However, a canopy that extends to within 18 inches of the curb line may be approved if the code official determines that:

• It will not impede pedestrians; • The awning will not detract from the appearance of the neighborhood; and, • The awning will provide a convenience to the patrons of the establishment, especially in the loading and unloading of vehicles in inclement weather (DCMR 12-3202.12.2.5.1).

5.5.8 MARQUEES Marquees are permanent roof-like structures – typically metal and glass – supported directly from the adjacent structure and located at building entrances (DCMR 12–3202.12.3.1).

Width Marquees and canopies that extend along building The width of a marquee is restricted to the area covering a building entrance and a reasonable distance on facades are typically used on buildings that are large either side (DCMR 12-3202.12.3.1). gathering places like the convention center. Clearance The minimum clearance from the sidewalk or any other space used by the public to the lowest part of any marquee shall be 8 feet (DCMR 12-3202.12.3.2). Projection Marquee projections shall not exceed 5 feet unless approved by the code official (DCMR 12-3202.12.3.3).

5-14 PROJECTION TABLE See separate attachment that includes a comprehensive overview of all projections limitations by architectural element.

Appendix A: Comprehensive Plan Goals, Policies and Actions The Comprehensive Plan is a general policy document that provides overall guidance for future planning and development of the city. The first Comprehensive Plan was adopted in 1984 and 1985. The plan is updated periodically, most recently in 2010. The Plan can be found on the DC Office of Planning’s website at www.planning.dc.gov. This section includes policies from the Comprehensive Plan that are relevant to public space. They are organized by Comprehensive Plan element. E Environment LU Land Use HP Historic Preservation T Transportation IN Infrastructure UD Urban Design

• Policy E-1.1.1: Street Tree Planting and Maintenance Plant and maintain street trees in all parts of the city, particularly in areas where existing tree cover has been reduced over the last 30 years. Recognize the importance of trees in providing shade, reducing energy costs, improving air and water quality, providing urban habitat, absorbing noise, and creating economic and aesthetic value in the District’s neighborhoods. 603.4

• Policy E-1.1.3: Landscaping Encourage the use of landscaping to beautify the city, enhance streets and public spaces, reduce storm water runoff, and create a stronger sense of character and identity. 603.7

• Action E-1.1-D: Operating Procedures for Utility and Roadwork Develop standard operating procedures to minimize tree damage by public utility and road crews. All activities that involve invasive work around street trees should be reviewed by Urban ForestryAdministration personnel. 603.12

• Policy E-1.3.1: Preventing Erosion Ensure that public and private construction activities do not result in soil erosion or the creation of unstable soil conditions. Support the use of retaining walls and other “best management practices” that reduce erosion hazards. Erosion requirements should be implemented through building permit and plan reviews, and enforced through the permitting and regulatory processes. 605.2

• Policy E-3.1.1: Maximizing Permeable Surfaces Encourage the use of permeable materials for parking lots, driveways, walkways, and other paved surfaces as a way to absorb storm water and reduce urban runoff. 613.2

A • Policy E-1.3.2: Grading and Vegetation Removal Encourage the retention of natural vegetation and topography on new development sites. Grading of hillside sites should be minimized and graded slopes should be quickly re-vegetated for stabilization. 605.3

• Policy E-3.4.1: Mitigating Development Impacts Take measures to ensure that future development mitigates impacts on the natural environment and results in environmental improvements wherever feasible. Construction practices which result in unstable soil and hillside conditions or which degrade natural resources without mitigation shall be prohibited. 616.3

• Historic Preservation Goal 1001 The overarching goal for historic preservation is to: Preserve and enhance the unique cultural heritage, beauty, and identity of the District of Columbia by respecting the historic physical form of the city and the enduring value of its historic structures and places, recognizing their importance to the citizens of the District and the nation, and sharing mutual responsibilities for their protection and stewardship. 1001.1

• HP-2.3 The Historic Plan of Washington 1010 The Plan of the City of Washington drawn by Pierre L’Enfant in 1791 has served as an enduring symbol and armature for growth of the national capital. More than two centuries of public and private building construction have given shape to the plan. Great civic works and public art have embellished it. After its first hundred years, the plan was reinvigorated according to City Beautiful principles in the McMillan Plan of 1901. Regulated building heights and mandated design review by agencies like the Commission of Fine Arts further supported its enhancement and embellishment. 1010.1

The design principles of the Plan informed the platting of streets and parks in new neighborhoods as the city expanded beyond its initial boundaries. Despite alterations and intrusions, it still serves as the basis for the Legacy Plan adopted in 1997 by the National Capital Planning Commission for the 21st Century. 1010.2

• Policy HP-2.3.5: Enhancing Washington’s Urban Design Legacy Adhere to the design principles of the L’Enfant and McMillan Plans in any improvements or alterations to the city street plan. Where the character of the historic plan has been damaged by intrusions and disruptions, promote restoration of the plan through coordinated redevelopment and improvement of the transportation network and public space. 1010.7

B • HP-2.5 Historic Landscapes and Open Space 1012 More than almost any other feature, the exceptional width and openness of Washington’s parks and streets define the basic character of the city. These spaces include the major monumental greenswards of the Mall, riverfront and stream valley parks, and the green space of estates, cemeteries, and campuses. Tree-lined streets and landscaped front yards unite many historic neighborhoods, and there are small green oases scattered throughout the city. Some are publicly owned, and others are private. Many provide the setting for historic buildings, creating a balance between the natural and built environment that is a unifying feature of the city. Such settings should be protected and maintained as significant landscapes in their own right or as contributing features of historic landmarks and districts. 1012

• Policy HP-2.5.2: Historic Landscapes Preserve the distinguishing qualities of the District’s historic landscapes, both natural and designed. Protect public building and monument grounds, parks and parkway systems, government and institutional campuses, gardens, cemeteries, and other historic landscapes from deterioration and incompatible development.

• Policy HP-2.5.3: Streetscape Design in Historic Districts Ensure that new public works such as street lights, street furniture, and sidewalks within historic landscapes and historic districts are compatible with the historic context. Emphasize good design whether contemporary or traditional. 1012.4

• Policy HP-2.5.4: Landscaped Yards in Public Space Preserve the continuous and open green quality of landscaped front and side yards in public space. Take special care at historic landmarks and in historic districts to protect this public environment from intrusions, whether from excess paving, vehicular access and parking, high walls and fencing, or undue disruption of the natural contours or bermed terraces. 1012.5

• Policy IN-6.1.1: Coordination of Infrastructure Improvements Ensure that infrastructure upgrades are carefully scheduled and coordinated with development and redevelopment plans in order to minimize traffic rerouting, pavement cuts for laying cable or placement of other infrastructure within the street right-of-way, street closings, disruptive subsurface excavation, and utility shut-offs. 1317.2

• Policy LU-2.2.1: Code Enforcement as a Tool for Neighborhood Conservation Recognize the importance of consistent, effective, and comprehensive code enforcement to the protection of residential neighborhoods. Housing, building, and zoning regulations must be strictly applied and enforced in all neighborhoods of the city to prevent deteriorated, unsafe, and unhealthy conditions; reduce illegal activities; maintain the general level of residential uses, densities, and height; and ensure that health and safety hazards are promptly corrected. 310.2

C • Policy LU-2.4.10: Use of Public Space within Commercial Centers Carefully manage the use of sidewalks and other public spaces within commercial districts to avoid pedestrian obstructions and to provide an attractive and accessible environment for shoppers. Where feasible, the development of outdoor sidewalks cafés, flower stands, and similar uses which animate” the street should be encouraged. Conversely, the enclosure of outdoor sidewalk space with permanent structures should generally be discouraged. 312.14

• Policy T-1.1.3: Context-Sensitive Transportation Design transportation infrastructure to support current land uses as well as land use goals for compact, accessible neighborhoods. Make the design and scale of transportation facilities compatible with planned land uses. 403.9

• Policy T-1.1.4: Transit-Oriented Development Support transit-oriented development by investing in pedestrian-oriented transportation improvements at or around transit stations, major bus corridors, and transfer points. 403.10

• Policy T-2.1.4: Maintenance of Transit Facilities Work with the WMATA Board to ensure that necessary investments to the transit system are made to keep it operating safely and to maximize its useful life. 407.2

• Policy T-2.2.1: Multi-Modal Connections Create more direct connections between the various transit modes consistent with the federal requirement to plan and implement inter-modal transportation systems. 408.5

• Policy T-2.2.2: Connecting District Neighborhoods Improve connections between District neighborhoods through upgraded transit, auto, pedestrian and bike connections, and by removing or minimizing existing physical barriers such as railroads and highways. However, no freeway or highway removal shall be undertaken prior to the completion of an adequate and feasible alternative traffic plan that has been approved by the District government. 408.6

• Policy T-2.3.1: Better Integration of Bicycle and Pedestrian Planning Integrate bicycle and pedestrian planning and safety considerations more fully into the planning and design of District roads, transit facilities, public buildings, and parks. 409.8

• Policy T-2.4.1: Pedestrian Network Develop, maintain, and improve pedestrian facilities. Improve the city’s sidewalk system to form a network that links residents across the city. 410.5

D • Policy T-2.4.2: Pedestrian Safety Improve safety and security at key pedestrian nodes throughout the city. Use a variety of techniques to improve pedestrian safety, including textured or clearly marked and raised pedestrian crossings, pedestrian-actuated signal push buttons, and pedestrian count-down signals. 410.6

• Policy T-2.4.3: Traffic Calming Continue to address traffic-related safety issues through carefully considered traffic calming measures. 410.7

• Policy T-2.4.4: Sidewalk Obstructions Locate sidewalk cafés and other intrusions into the sidewalk so that they do not present impediments to safe and efficient pedestrian passage. Maintain sidewalk surfaces and elevations so that disabled or elderly pedestrians can safely use them. 410.8

• Policy T-2.5.1: Creating Multi-Modal Corridors Transform key District arterials into multi-modal corridors that incorporate and balance a variety of mode choices including bus or streetcar, bicycle, pedestrian and auto. 411.11

• Policy T-2.5.2: Managing Roadway Capacity Manage the capacity of principal arterials within existing limits rather than increasing roadway capacity to meet induced demand for travel by car (See text box on page 32). Increase auto capacity on roadways only if needed to improve the safety of all travelers, improve connectivity of the multimodal transportation network, or improve targeted connections to regional roadways. 411.12

• Policy T-2.5.3: Road and Bridge Maintenance Maintain the road and bridge system to keep it operating safely and efficiently and to maximize its useful life. 411.13

• Policy T-2.5.4: Traffic Management Establish traffic management strategies that separate local traffic from commuter or through- traffic and reduce the intrusion of trucks, commuter traffic, and “cut-through” traffic on residential streets. 411.14

• Policy T-2.6.1: Special Needs Address the transportation needs of all District residents, including those with special physical requirements and trip needs, such as access to medical centers or senior centers. 412.2

• Policy T-2.6.2: Transit Needs Establish, expand, or continue assistance for transit dependent groups in the District, including the elderly, students, school age children, and persons whose situations require special services, including the homeless. 412.3

E • Policy T-4.1.3: Providing Redundancies Provide alternate routes and modes of travel (“redundancies”) across the District to promote the security of District residents and visitors and reduce the effects on non-routine incidents.

• Policy UD-1.2.1: Respecting Natural Features in Development Respect and perpetuate the natural features of Washington’s landscape. In low-density, wooded or hilly areas, new construction should preserve natural features rather than altering them to accomodate development. Density in such areas should be limited and setbacks should be provided as needed to protect natural features such as streams and wetlands. Where appropriate, clustering development should be considered as a way to protect natural resources. 904.3

• Policy UD-1.4.1: Avenues/Boulevards and Urban Form Use Washington’s major avenues/boulevards as a way to reinforce the form and identity of the city, connect its neighborhoods, and improve its aesthetic and visual character. Focus improvement efforts on avenues/boulevards in emerging neighborhoods, particularly those that provide important gateways or view corridors within the city. 906.6

• Policy UD-1.4.2: City Gateways Create more distinctive and memorable gateways at points of entry to the city, and points of entry to individual neighborhoods and neighborhood centers. Gateways should provide a sense of transition and arrival, and should be designed to make a strong and positive visual impact. 906.7

• Policy UD-1.4.3: Avenue/Boulevard Vistas and View Corridors Protect views and view corridors along avenues/boulevards, particularly along streets that terminate at important civic monuments or that frame distant landmarks. Vistas along such streets should be accentuated by creating more well-defined street walls, improving landscaping, and requiring the highest architectural quality as development takes place. (See Figure 9.7). 906.9

• Policy UD-1.4.5: Priority Avenues/Boulevards Focus the city’s avenue/boulevard design improvements on historically important or symbolic streets that suffer from poor aesthetic conditions. Examples include North and South Capitol streets, Pennsylvania Avenue SE, and Georgia Avenue and the avenues designated by the “Great Streets program. 906.11

• Policy UD-2.1.1: Design Character Create a more coherent design character for Central Washington by improving the physical linkages between the monumental core, the business sub-districts on the perimeter of the National Mall, and the expanding mixed use areas to the east and southeast of Downtown. Urban design strategies should focus on making the entire area more walkable, discouraging monolithic architecture, improving signage and streetscape features, and adding new land uses which make the area more lively, interesting, and dynamic. 909.7

F • Policy UD-2.2 Designing for Successful Neighborhoods The sense of place in the District’s neighborhoods is a function of their cultural history, physical features and visual qualities. This is especially evident in both historic row house neighborhoods as well as single family neighborhoods where particular set backs, architectural styles, and building forms prevail. In neighborhoods of high architectural quality and strong identity, a greater emphasis on design compatibility and appropriate scale is needed.

• Policy UD-2.2.1 Neighborhood Character and Identity Strengthen the defining visual qualities of Washington’s neighborhoods. This should be achieved in part by relating the scale of infill development, alterations, renovations and additions to existing neighborhood context.

• Policy UD-2.2.5: Creating Attractive Facades Create visual interest through well-designed building facades, storefront windows, and attractive signage and lighting. Avoid monolithic or box-like building forms, or long blank walls which detract from the human quality of the street. 910.12

• Policy UD-3.1.1: Improving Streetscape Design Improve the appearance and identity of the District’s streets through the design of street lights, paved surfaces, landscaped areas, bus shelters, street “furniture”, and adjacent building façades. 913.7

• Policy UD-3.1.2: Management of Sidewalk Space Preserve the characteristically wide sidewalks of Washington’s commercial districts. Sidewalk space should be managed in a way that promotes pedestrian safety, efficiency, comfort, and provides adequate space for tree boxes. Sidewalks should enhance the visual character of streets, with landscaping and buffer planting used to reduce the impacts of vehicle traffic. 913.8

• Policy UD-3.1.3: Streetscape Design and Street Function Use variations in lighting and landscaping to highlight and clarify the function of different streets. The design features of streets should make the city’s circulation system easier to navigate and understand for residents and visitors. 913.9

• Policy UD-3.1.7: Improving the Street Environment Create attractive and interesting commercial streetscapes by promoting ground level retail and desirable street activities, making walking more comfortable and convenient, ensuring that sidewalks are wide enough to accommodate pedestrian traffic, minimizing curb cuts and driveways, and avoiding windowless facades and gaps in the street wall. 913.14

• Policy UD-3.1.8: Neighborhood Public Space Provide urban squares, public plazas, and similar areas that stimulate vibrant pedestrian street life and provide a focus for community activities. Encourage the “activation” of such spaces through the design of adjacent structures, for example, through the location of shop entrances, window displays, awnings, and outdoor dining areas. 913.15

G • Policy UD-3.1.10: Sidewalk Cafés Discourage the enclosure of sidewalk cafés in a manner that effectively transforms them into indoor floor space. The design of sidewalk cafés should be compatible with the architectural qualities of the adjoining buildings, should compliment the street environment, and should not impede pedestrian movement. 913.17

• Policy UD-3.1.11: Private Sector Streetscape Improvements As appropriate and necessary, require streetscape improvements by the private sector in conjunction with development or renovation of adjacent properties. 913.18

• Action UD-3.1.C: DDOT Public Space Permits Ensure that all public space permits, including but not limited to permits for dumpsters, electric wiring, tree removal, excavation, parking, fences, retaining walls, signs and banners, sidewalk cafes, curb cuts, and special displays, are not inconsistent with the Comprehensive Plan and constribute to the policies laid out above for the use of street space. 913.23

• Policy UD-3.2.3: Site Planning and Design Measures to Increase Security Encourage architectural design and site planning methods that minimize perimeter security requirements and have a reduced impact on the public realm. Such measures include separating entryways, controlling access, “hardening” of shared walls, and the selection of more resilient building materials.

• Policy UD-3.2.4: Security Through Streetscape Design Develop and apply attractive, context-sensitive security measures in the design of streets, plazas, and public spaces. These measures should use an appropriate mix of bollards, planters, landscaped walls, vegetation, and street furniture rather than barriers and other approaches that detract from aesthetic quality.

• Policy UD-3.2.5: Reducing Crime Through Design Ensure that the design of the built environment minimizes the potential for criminal activity. Examples of preventive measures include adequate lighting, maintaining clear lines of sight and visual access, and avoiding dead-end streets.