Parking Area Design & Maintenance
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Chapter 8 - Parking Lots Table of Contents
TOC Design Manual Chapter 8 - Parking Lots Table of Contents Table of Contents Chapter 8 - Parking Lots 8A General Information 8A-1---------------------------------General Information A. General…………………………………………………………………………… 1 B. References………………………………………………………………………... 1 8B Layout and Design 8B-1---------------------------------Layout and Design A. Parking Lot Access………………………………………………………………. 1 B. Parking Lot Circulation………………………………………………………….. 1 C. Parking Lot Dimensions…………………………………………………………. 2 D. Accessibility Requirements……………………………………………………… 5 E. Drainage………………………………………………………………………….. 7 F. Pavement Design………………………………………………………………… 8 8C Site Provisions 8C-1---------------------------------Site Provisions A. General…………………………………………………………………………… 1 B. Number of Parking Spaces Required…………………………………………….. 1 C. Parking Lot Setback Requirements……………………………………………… 4 D. Landscaping and Screening……………………………………………………… 4 E. Lighting………………………………………………………………………….. 6 F. Pavement Markings……………………………………………………………… 6 i Revised: 2013 Edition 8A-1 Design Manual Chapter 8 - Parking Lots 8A - General Information General Information A. General This chapter provides design criteria for off-street parking lots. These criteria include recommendations for the design of entrances and exits, vehicle circulation path, parking space dimensions, pavement thickness, etc. This chapter also includes site requirements for items such as number of parking spaces, landscaping, parking setback, etc. While most jurisdictions have their own parking ordinance covering these items, -
Thermodynamics of Spacetime: the Einstein Equation of State
gr-qc/9504004 UMDGR-95-114 Thermodynamics of Spacetime: The Einstein Equation of State Ted Jacobson Department of Physics, University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742-4111, USA [email protected] Abstract The Einstein equation is derived from the proportionality of entropy and horizon area together with the fundamental relation δQ = T dS connecting heat, entropy, and temperature. The key idea is to demand that this relation hold for all the local Rindler causal horizons through each spacetime point, with δQ and T interpreted as the energy flux and Unruh temperature seen by an accelerated observer just inside the horizon. This requires that gravitational lensing by matter energy distorts the causal structure of spacetime in just such a way that the Einstein equation holds. Viewed in this way, the Einstein equation is an equation of state. This perspective suggests that it may be no more appropriate to canonically quantize the Einstein equation than it would be to quantize the wave equation for sound in air. arXiv:gr-qc/9504004v2 6 Jun 1995 The four laws of black hole mechanics, which are analogous to those of thermodynamics, were originally derived from the classical Einstein equation[1]. With the discovery of the quantum Hawking radiation[2], it became clear that the analogy is in fact an identity. How did classical General Relativity know that horizon area would turn out to be a form of entropy, and that surface gravity is a temperature? In this letter I will answer that question by turning the logic around and deriving the Einstein equation from the propor- tionality of entropy and horizon area together with the fundamental relation δQ = T dS connecting heat Q, entropy S, and temperature T . -
Public Realm Design Manual Version 2.1 March 2019
Public Realm Design Manual A Summary of District of Columbia Regulations and Specifications for the Design of Public Space Elements Government of the District of Columbia Version 2.1 - March 2019 Muriel Bowser, Mayor II Majestic views of national monuments, leafy residential streets, and wide sidewalks in commercial areas... these are iconic images of Washington, DC. Much of the daily routine of District residents, workers, and visitors takes place in settings like these. This is where we walk to school, wait for the bus, talk to neighbors, walk the dog, window shop, or sit outside in a café to drink a cup of coffee. Having such an extensive network of public space enhances the quality of life for our residents and visitors, and ensures that the city has the foundation to become a more walkable and sustainable city. The District’s public space is a valuable asset worthy of our stewardship and - with the help of all residents and property owners – is one if the unique features that makes our city great. The Guide to the District of Columbia’s Public Space Regulations is a resource for learning about the importance of the District’s public space, the regulations that guide its use and form, and the rationale behind them. Property owners are required to maintain the public space adjacent to their property, so it is important that these ideas are understood clearly. Beginning with the L’Enfant Plan and continuing to today, Washington, DC has a notable history of using public space to define the city and give character and grace to neighborhoods. -
Calculus Terminology
AP Calculus BC Calculus Terminology Absolute Convergence Asymptote Continued Sum Absolute Maximum Average Rate of Change Continuous Function Absolute Minimum Average Value of a Function Continuously Differentiable Function Absolutely Convergent Axis of Rotation Converge Acceleration Boundary Value Problem Converge Absolutely Alternating Series Bounded Function Converge Conditionally Alternating Series Remainder Bounded Sequence Convergence Tests Alternating Series Test Bounds of Integration Convergent Sequence Analytic Methods Calculus Convergent Series Annulus Cartesian Form Critical Number Antiderivative of a Function Cavalieri’s Principle Critical Point Approximation by Differentials Center of Mass Formula Critical Value Arc Length of a Curve Centroid Curly d Area below a Curve Chain Rule Curve Area between Curves Comparison Test Curve Sketching Area of an Ellipse Concave Cusp Area of a Parabolic Segment Concave Down Cylindrical Shell Method Area under a Curve Concave Up Decreasing Function Area Using Parametric Equations Conditional Convergence Definite Integral Area Using Polar Coordinates Constant Term Definite Integral Rules Degenerate Divergent Series Function Operations Del Operator e Fundamental Theorem of Calculus Deleted Neighborhood Ellipsoid GLB Derivative End Behavior Global Maximum Derivative of a Power Series Essential Discontinuity Global Minimum Derivative Rules Explicit Differentiation Golden Spiral Difference Quotient Explicit Function Graphic Methods Differentiable Exponential Decay Greatest Lower Bound Differential -
The Equation of Radiative Transfer How Does the Intensity of Radiation Change in the Presence of Emission and / Or Absorption?
The equation of radiative transfer How does the intensity of radiation change in the presence of emission and / or absorption? Definition of solid angle and steradian Sphere radius r - area of a patch dS on the surface is: dS = rdq ¥ rsinqdf ≡ r2dW q dS dW is the solid angle subtended by the area dS at the center of the † sphere. Unit of solid angle is the steradian. 4p steradians cover whole sphere. ASTR 3730: Fall 2003 Definition of the specific intensity Construct an area dA normal to a light ray, and consider all the rays that pass through dA whose directions lie within a small solid angle dW. Solid angle dW dA The amount of energy passing through dA and into dW in time dt in frequency range dn is: dE = In dAdtdndW Specific intensity of the radiation. † ASTR 3730: Fall 2003 Compare with definition of the flux: specific intensity is very similar except it depends upon direction and frequency as well as location. Units of specific intensity are: erg s-1 cm-2 Hz-1 steradian-1 Same as Fn Another, more intuitive name for the specific intensity is brightness. ASTR 3730: Fall 2003 Simple relation between the flux and the specific intensity: Consider a small area dA, with light rays passing through it at all angles to the normal to the surface n: n o In If q = 90 , then light rays in that direction contribute zero net flux through area dA. q For rays at angle q, foreshortening reduces the effective area by a factor of cos(q). -
Area of Polygons and Complex Figures
Geometry AREA OF POLYGONS AND COMPLEX FIGURES Area is the number of non-overlapping square units needed to cover the interior region of a two- dimensional figure or the surface area of a three-dimensional figure. For example, area is the region that is covered by floor tile (two-dimensional) or paint on a box or a ball (three- dimensional). For additional information about specific shapes, see the boxes below. For additional general information, see the Math Notes box in Lesson 1.1.2 of the Core Connections, Course 2 text. For additional examples and practice, see the Core Connections, Course 2 Checkpoint 1 materials or the Core Connections, Course 3 Checkpoint 4 materials. AREA OF A RECTANGLE To find the area of a rectangle, follow the steps below. 1. Identify the base. 2. Identify the height. 3. Multiply the base times the height to find the area in square units: A = bh. A square is a rectangle in which the base and height are of equal length. Find the area of a square by multiplying the base times itself: A = b2. Example base = 8 units 4 32 square units height = 4 units 8 A = 8 · 4 = 32 square units Parent Guide with Extra Practice 135 Problems Find the areas of the rectangles (figures 1-8) and squares (figures 9-12) below. 1. 2. 3. 4. 2 mi 5 cm 8 m 4 mi 7 in. 6 cm 3 in. 2 m 5. 6. 7. 8. 3 units 6.8 cm 5.5 miles 2 miles 8.7 units 7.25 miles 3.5 cm 2.2 miles 9. -
Right Triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem Related?
Activity Assess 9-6 EXPLORE & REASON Right Triangles and Consider △ ABC with altitude CD‾ as shown. the Pythagorean B Theorem D PearsonRealize.com A 45 C 5√2 I CAN… prove the Pythagorean Theorem using A. What is the area of △ ABC? Of △ACD? Explain your answers. similarity and establish the relationships in special right B. Find the lengths of AD‾ and AB‾ . triangles. C. Look for Relationships Divide the length of the hypotenuse of △ ABC VOCABULARY by the length of one of its sides. Divide the length of the hypotenuse of △ACD by the length of one of its sides. Make a conjecture that explains • Pythagorean triple the results. ESSENTIAL QUESTION How are similarity in right triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem related? Remember that the Pythagorean Theorem and its converse describe how the side lengths of right triangles are related. THEOREM 9-8 Pythagorean Theorem If a triangle is a right triangle, If... △ABC is a right triangle. then the sum of the squares of the B lengths of the legs is equal to the square of the length of the hypotenuse. c a A C b 2 2 2 PROOF: SEE EXAMPLE 1. Then... a + b = c THEOREM 9-9 Converse of the Pythagorean Theorem 2 2 2 If the sum of the squares of the If... a + b = c lengths of two sides of a triangle is B equal to the square of the length of the third side, then the triangle is a right triangle. c a A C b PROOF: SEE EXERCISE 17. Then... △ABC is a right triangle. -
Calculus Formulas and Theorems
Formulas and Theorems for Reference I. Tbigonometric Formulas l. sin2d+c,cis2d:1 sec2d l*cot20:<:sc:20 +.I sin(-d) : -sitt0 t,rs(-//) = t r1sl/ : -tallH 7. sin(A* B) :sitrAcosB*silBcosA 8. : siri A cos B - siu B <:os,;l 9. cos(A+ B) - cos,4cos B - siuA siriB 10. cos(A- B) : cosA cosB + silrA sirrB 11. 2 sirrd t:osd 12. <'os20- coS2(i - siu20 : 2<'os2o - I - 1 - 2sin20 I 13. tan d : <.rft0 (:ost/ I 14. <:ol0 : sirrd tattH 1 15. (:OS I/ 1 16. cscd - ri" 6i /F tl r(. cos[I ^ -el : sitt d \l 18. -01 : COSA 215 216 Formulas and Theorems II. Differentiation Formulas !(r") - trr:"-1 Q,:I' ]tra-fg'+gf' gJ'-,f g' - * (i) ,l' ,I - (tt(.r))9'(.,') ,i;.[tyt.rt) l'' d, \ (sttt rrJ .* ('oqI' .7, tJ, \ . ./ stll lr dr. l('os J { 1a,,,t,:r) - .,' o.t "11'2 1(<,ot.r') - (,.(,2.r' Q:T rl , (sc'c:.r'J: sPl'.r tall 11 ,7, d, - (<:s<t.r,; - (ls(].]'(rot;.r fr("'),t -.'' ,1 - fr(u") o,'ltrc ,l ,, 1 ' tlll ri - (l.t' .f d,^ --: I -iAl'CSllLl'l t!.r' J1 - rz 1(Arcsi' r) : oT Il12 Formulas and Theorems 2I7 III. Integration Formulas 1. ,f "or:artC 2. [\0,-trrlrl *(' .t "r 3. [,' ,t.,: r^x| (' ,I 4. In' a,,: lL , ,' .l 111Q 5. In., a.r: .rhr.r' .r r (' ,l f 6. sirr.r d.r' - ( os.r'-t C ./ 7. /.,,.r' dr : sitr.i'| (' .t 8. tl:r:hr sec,rl+ C or ln Jccrsrl+ C ,f'r^rr f 9. -
The American Society of Echocardiography
1 THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CARDIAC CHAMBER QUANTIFICATION IN ADULTS: A QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE FROM THE ASE WORKFLOW AND LAB MANAGEMENT TASK FORCE Accurate and reproducible assessment of cardiac chamber size and function is essential for clinical care. A standardized methodology creates a common approach to the assessment of cardiac structure and function both within and between echocardiography labs. This facilitates better communication and improves the ability to compare results between studies as well as differentiate normal from abnormal findings in an individual patient. This document summarizes key points from the 2015 ASE Chamber Quantification Guideline and is meant to serve as quick reference for sonographers and interpreting physicians. It is designed to provide guidance on chamber quantification for adult patients; a separate ASE Guidelines document that details recommended quantification methods in the pediatric age group has also been published and should be used for patients <18 years of age (3). (1) For details of the methodology and the rationale for current recommendations, the interested reader is referred to the complete Guideline statement. Figures and tables are reproduced from ASE Guidelines. (1,2) Table of Contents: 1. Left Ventricle (LV) Size and Function p. 2 a. LV Size p. 2 i. Linear Measurements p. 2 ii. Volume Measurements p. 2 iii. LV Mass Calculations p. 3 b. Left Ventricular Function Assessment p. 4 i. Global Systolic Function Parameters p. 4 ii. Regional Function p. 5 2. Right Ventricle (RV) Size and Function p. 6 a. RV Size p. 6 b. RV Function p. 8 3. Atria p. -
Difference Between Angular Momentum and Pseudoangular
Difference between angular momentum and pseudoangular momentum Simon Streib Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden (Dated: March 16, 2021) In condensed matter systems it is necessary to distinguish between the momentum of the con- stituents of the system and the pseudomomentum of quasiparticles. The same distinction is also valid for angular momentum and pseudoangular momentum. Based on Noether’s theorem, we demonstrate that the recently discussed orbital angular momenta of phonons and magnons are pseudoangular momenta. This conceptual difference is important for a proper understanding of the transfer of angular momentum in condensed matter systems, especially in spintronics applications. In 1915, Einstein, de Haas, and Barnett demonstrated experimentally that magnetism is fundamentally related to angular momentum. When changing the magnetiza- tion of a magnet, Einstein and de Haas observed that the magnet starts to rotate, implying a transfer of an- (a) gular momentum from the magnetization to the global rotation of the lattice [1], while Barnett observed the in- verse effect, magnetization by rotation [2]. A few years later in 1918, Emmy Noether showed that continuous (b) symmetries imply conservation laws [3], such as the con- servation of momentum and angular momentum, which links magnetism to the most fundamental symmetries of nature. Condensed matter systems support closely related con- Figure 1. (a) Invariance under rotations of the whole system servation laws: the conservation of the pseudomomentum implies conservation of angular momentum, while (b) invari- and pseudoangular momentum of quasiparticles, such as ance under rotations of fields with a fixed background implies magnons and phonons. -
Residential Square Footage Guidelines
R e s i d e n t i a l S q u a r e F o o t a g e G u i d e l i n e s North Carolina Real Estate Commission North Carolina Real Estate Commission P.O. Box 17100 • Raleigh, North Carolina 27619-7100 Phone 919/875-3700 • Web Site: www.ncrec.gov Illustrations by David Hall Associates, Inc. Copyright © 1999 by North Carolina Real Estate Commission. All rights reserved. 7,500 copies of this public document were printed at a cost of $.000 per copy. • REC 3.40 11/1/2013 Introduction It is often said that the three most important factors in making a home buying decision are “location,” “location,” and “location.” Other than “location,” the single most-important factor is probably the size or “square footage” of the home. Not only is it an indicator of whether a particular home will meet a homebuyer’s space needs, but it also affords a convenient (though not always accurate) method for the buyer to estimate the value of the home and compare it to other properties. Although real estate agents are not required by the Real Estate License Law or Real Estate Commission rules to report the square footage of properties offered for sale (or rent), when they do report square footage, it is essential that the information they give prospective purchasers (or tenants) be accurate. At a minimum, information concerning square footage should include the amount of living area in the dwelling. The following guidelines and accompanying illustrations are designed to assist real estate brokers in measuring, calculating and reporting (both orally and in writing) the living area contained in detached and attached single-family residential buildings. -
The City of Alexandria Parking Ordinances
The City of Alexandria Parking Ordinances 4-1407 Parking (Neighborhood Retail Zone, Arlandria). The parking requirements of article XIII of the zoning ordinance and with an administrative permit granted by the director of planning and zoning, the following provisions shall apply as to off-street parking: (A) In order to maintain the existing supply of private off-street parking spaces, these spaces shall be retained and may be shared until such time as centralized parking facilities are constructed. Such shared arrangements shall be reviewed and approved by the director of planning and zoning; (B) Existing restaurants may add up to 16 outdoor dining seats with no additional off- street parking requirement; (C) When there is a change in use to a use which has the same or lesser parking requirement than the previous use, no additional parking shall be required. When there is a change in use which has a greater parking requirement than the previous use and is located within 500 feet of a public parking lot or facility and when the development proposal complies with the design and retail guidelines, no additional off-street parking is required subject to review and approval by the director of planning and zoning; (D) The on-site parking requirement for newly constructed buildings or additions to existing buildings of up to 5,000 square feet shall be 40 percent of the requirement in article VIII, provided the subject property is located within 500 feet walking distance of a public parking facility; (E) Newly constructed buildings, except for buildings to be occupied by live theater, with greater than 5,000 square feet or more than 500 feet from a public parking facility shall provide the off-street parking required by article VIII of the zoning ordinance; (F) Newly constructed residential apartment units shall provide at least one on-site, off- street parking space per unit.